Various other researchers have tried to improve the performance of their paraphrase systems or vector space models by using diverse sources of information such as bilingual corpora (Bannard and Callison-Burch, 2005;Huang et al., 2012;Zou et al., 2013), 10 structured datasets (Yu and Dredze, 2014; or even tagged images (Bruni et al., 2012).
most previous work 11 did not adopt the general, simplifying view that all of these sources of data are just cooccurrence statistics coming from different sources with underlying latent factors.