5 In neutral contexts, the first person is the preferred interpretation for the covert subject of ISPs in Thai, and the third person is a possible interpretation only in marked contexts such as below: A: thammay khǎw hǔarɔ́ʔ daŋ yàaŋ nán Why he laugh loudly kind that 'Why did he laugh so loudly?'
b: dii-cay glad '(He) is glad' even in such marked contexts, ISPs in Japanese cannot be used for the third person subject and require morphemes such as no-da, as in (8).