Note that, in order to make fair comparisons with IIE and PbE, it is necessary to incorporate the dictionary graph into MaxEnt method.
given a target word t, after extracting synonyms from its own definientia, we again go through other words' definitions in the dictionary; if t appears in the definition of another word w and is classified as a synonym, then w is taken as a synonym of t. So far in our discussion, the dictionary graph has been assumed to be undirected.