3 They computed backward and forward entropy to try to remedy the problem with especially high-frequency phrases.
for example, with ad hoc, the fact that neither ad nor hoc are standalone English words, makes ad hoc a lexicallyidiosyncratic MWE; with shoot the breeze, on the other hand, we have semantic idiosyncrasy, as the meaning of "to chat" in usages such as It was good to shoot the breeze with you 1 cannot be predicted from the meanings of the component words shoot and breeze.