We achieved this through SGD training of the diffeomorphism parameters θ, the means µ i of the Gaussian phones, and the parameters of the focalization kernel F. Our data is taken from the Becker-Kristal corpus (Becker-Kristal, 2006), which is a compilation of various phonetic studies and forms the largest multilingual phonetic database.
the essence of modeling is the same in that we explain formant values, rather than discrete IPA symbols.