These include cascade methods that consecutively translate from source to pivot then pivot to target (de Gispert and Mariño, 2006), synthetic data methods that machinetranslate the training data to generate a pseudoparallel corpus (de Gispert and Mariño, 2006), and triangulation methods that obtain a sourcetarget phrase/rule table by merging source-pivot and pivot-target table entries with identical pivot language phrases (Cohn and Lapata, 2007).
the triangulation method is notable for producing higher quality translation results than other pivot methods (Utiyama and Isahara, 2007), so we use it as a base for our work.