We also include two other approaches that are related to the one here proposed, where a neural network initialized with pre-trained word embeddings is used to learn relevant features.
we compare the following systems: • NRC (Kiritchenko et al., 2014), a support vector machine classifier with a large set of hand-crafted features, including word and character n-grams, brown clusters, POS tags, morphological features, and a set of features based on five sentiment lexicons.