If, for example, we were to attempt to translate the English noun plant, which could refer either to a type of factory or to a form of flora (i.e., in Chinese, either to [gongchang] or to [zhiwu]), our goal would be to determine the correct Chinese translation.
word translation disambiguation is essentially a special case of word sense disambiguation (in the above example, gongchang would correspond to the sense of factory and zhiwu to the sense of flora).