With respect to the op spam v1.3 dataset used in our work, human judges were only able to achieve 60% accuracy, and the inter-annotator agreement was low: 0.11 computed by Fleiss's kappa .
much previous work on detecting deceptive opinions usually relies on some meta-information, such as the IP address of the reviewer or the average rating of the product, rather than the actual content of the review Liu (2012).