For transliteration options that are TM-unknown, the p w (h, u) and p w (u) factors becomes zero and the translation model probability as given by equation (13) becomes: In such cases the λ factor cancels out and no weighting of word translation vs. transliteration  Table 6: Applying Heuristic 3 and its Combinations with other Heuristics to Model-2 occurs anymore.
(2008) use a tagger to identify good candidates for transliteration (which are mostly NEs) in input text and add transliterations to the SMT phrase table dynamically such that they can directly compete with translations during decoding.