As shown in Table 7, 90.5 % of "Concrete" nouns are judged as "Shown", and only 9.5 % of senses are judged as "Not Shown" 11 .
for information retrieval, query expansion using synonyms has been adopted in several studies (Voorhees, 1994;fang and Zhai, 2006;Unno et al., 2008).