We prepared two grammars for the evaluation: ¡ penn was extracted from the Penn Treebank with the original algorithm (Miyao et al., 2004), and ¡ prop was extracted using the PropBank annotations for argument/modifier distinction by a method similar to Chen and Rambow (2003).
firstly, given a parse tree (the top of the figure), we annotate partial specifications on an HPSG derivation (the middle).