• Inferential rules: if the cause is the case, the effect is the case if the effect is the case, the cause is probably the case if a quality characterizes the cause, then such quality characterizes the effect too if the realization of the goal necessitates the means x, x must be adopted if an action does not allow to achieve the goal, it should not be undertaken if somebody has the means to achieve a certain goal, he will achieve that goal Compared to the previous version, although the taxonomy and related theoretical insights have been maintained, the definition of the argument schemes that gave rise to the highest disagreement in the previous study have been clarified pointing to distinctive features.
the CAUSAL argument schemes (from means to end) that we mentioned above have been frequently annotated by others as PRACTICAL EVALUATION, described as follows: • Identification Question: does x express an evaluation about a state of affairs and does y express an advice/a recommendation about stopping/continuing the state of affairs the premise refer to?