, n} is the set of nodes, and E ⊆ V w × V w is the set of directed arcs.
its SHiFT, LEFT-ARC, RiGHT-ARC and REDUCE transitions work similarly to those in the planar parser, but while SHiFT pushes the first word in the buffer to both stacks; the other three transitions only work with the top of the active stack, ignoring the inactive one.