Because it is multiplicative, Model 1 appropriately predicts that in each language , intents with large will not only have larger values but these values will vary more widely.
model 1 is homoscedastic: the variance 2 of log( / ) is assumed to be independent of the independent variable , which predicts that the distribution of should spread out linearly as the information content increases: e.g., ( That assumption is questionable, since for a longer sentence, we would expect log / to come closer to its mean as the random effects of individual translational choices average out.