For example, taking a source parse as input, a tree-to-string decoder (e.g., ) pattern-matches the source parse with treeto-string rules and produces a string on the target side.
a string-to-tree decoder (e.g., (Galley et al., 2006;Shen et al., 2008)) is a parser that applies string-to-tree rules to obtain a target parse for the source string.