By contrast, the GR scheme does not output punctuation marks directly but follows Nunberg's (1990) linguistic analysis of punctuation as delimiting and typing text units or adjuncts (at constituent boundaries).
the GR scheme includes text (adjunct) relations and treats punctuation marks as indicators of such relationsfor instance, for the example The subject GRs -ncsubj, xsubj and csubj -all have subtypes., RASP outputs the GR (ta dash GRs and) indicating that the dash-delimited parenthetical is a text adjunct of GRs with head and, while the DR scheme gives (DEP GRs and), and two (P and -) relations corresponding to each dash mark.