Most previous studies of the NER of speech data used generative models such as hidden Markov models (HMMs) (Miller et al., 1999;Palmer and Ostendorf, 2001;Horlock and King, 2003b;Béchet et al., 2004;Favre et al., 2005).
in text-based NER, better results are obtained using discriminative schemes such as maximum entropy (ME) models (Borthwick, 1999;Chieu and Ng, 2003), support vector machines (SVMs) (Isozaki and Kazawa, 2002), and conditional random fields (CRFs) (McCallum and Li, 2003).