The availability of task descriptions has made zero-shot learning (Norouzi et al., 2013;Socher et al., 2013) popular.
work on zeroshot utterance intent detection has relied on varied resources such as click logs (Dauphin et al., 2013) and manually defined domain ontologies (Kumar et al., 2017), as well as models such as deep structured semantic models  and capsule networks (Xia et al., 2018).