Thus, we propose the following lexical entries for two types of omow'think': It should be noted that in a raising verb (8a), an accusative-marked NP is located outside XP against the Exceptional Case-marking (ECM) analysis (Kaneko, 1988;Ueda, 1988;Hiraiwa, 2001;Taguchi, 2009) in which such an NP is located inside XP as shown in 9a In (9b), when Naomi is marked with ga, the complement clause XP containing it can be clefted.
when Naomi is marked with o, the clause can not be clefted although the accusativemarked NP is expected to be occupied within XP.