seed lexicon) (Gouws and Søgaard, 2015;Wick et al., 2016;Duong et al., 2016;Shi et al., 2015;Mikolov et al., 2013a;Faruqui and Dyer, 2014;Lu et al., 2015;Ammar et al., 2016;Zhang et al., 2016aZhang et al., , 2017Smith et al., 2017).
our work completely removes the need for cross-lingual signals to connect monolingual word embeddings, trained on non-parallel text corpora.