Because the difference between Korean/Chinese and English phonetic systems makes the above uni-gram model almost impractical in terms of output quality, bi-grams are applied to substitute the single alphabet in the above equation.
the phonetic weight should be calculated as: is computed from the training corpus as the ratio between the frequency of 1 j j c c + in the candidates, which were originated from 1 j j g g + in English words, to the frequency of + is substituted with a space marker.