To address this issue, for each edge e i,j ∈ E, we introduce negative sampling (Mikolov et al., 2013b) to simplify the optimization process.
the conditional distribution p(h i |h j ) into the following form: (10) where K is the number of negative samples, and is the distribution of vertices with d v representing the out-degree of vertex v. Adam (Kingma and Ba, 2014) is employed to optimize the entire model based on randomly mini-batch of edges in each step.