As human conversation is inherently complex and ambiguous, learning an open-domain conversational AI that can carry on arbitrary tasks is still very far-off (Vinyals and Le, 2015).
instead of focusing on creating ambitious conversational agents that can reach human-level intelligence, industrial practice has focused on building task-oriented dialogue systems  that can help with specific tasks such as flight reservation (Seneff and Polifroni, 2000) ⇤ The work was done while at the University of Cambridge.