In recent years, neural networks with distributed word representations (i.e., word embeddings) (Mikolov et al., 2013;Pennington et al., 2014) have been introduced to calculate word scores automatically for CRFs (Chiu and Nichols, 2016;.
semi-Markov conditional random fields (SCRFs) (Sarawagi and Cohen, 2005) have been proposed for the tasks of assigning labels to the segments of input sequences, e.g., NER.