Major attempts to tackle the problem is to expand short texts with knowledge extracted from the textual corpus, machine-readable dictionaries, and thesauri (Phan et al., 2008;Wang et al., 2008;Chen et al., 2011;Wu et al., 2012).
because of domain-independent nature of dictionaries and thesauri, it is often the case that the data distribution of the external knowledge is different from the test data collected from some specific domain, which deteriorates the overall performance of categorization.