is capital(w) first character of w is an uppercase letter is all capital(w) ∀ c ∈ w : c is an uppercase letter capital character(w) ∃ c ∈ w : c is an uppercase letter appears in lowercase (w) ¬capital Table 1: Predicates of the capitalization and special character groups.
the morphological model reduces perplexity by 81% compared to the KN model.