From the requirement of p, we know that for any x we have a z such that yield(z) = x and |z| ≤ α|x|.
if we let X(m) = {x | |x| ≤ log 2 m/α}, then we have for any In addition, from the requirements on p and the definition of K m we have Table D.1 gives a table of notation for symbols used throughout this article.