Word-based orientation model: This model analyzes word alignments at positions (s − 1, u − 1) and (s − 1, v + 1) in the alignment grid shown in Phrase-based orientation model: The model presented in (Tillman, 2004) is similar to the wordbased orientation model presented above, except that it analyzes adjacent phrases rather than specific word alignments to determine orientations.
orientation is set to o i = M if an adjacent phrase pair lies at (s − 1, u − 1) in the alignment grid.