Multi-modal semantics Language grounding in semantics has been motivated by evidence that human meaning representations are grounded in perceptual experience (Jones et al., 1991;Perfetti, 1998;Andrews et al., 2009;Riordan and Jones, 2011).
despite ample evidence of humans representing meaning with respect to an external environment and sensorimotor experience (Barsalou, 2008;Louwerse, 2008), standard semantic models rely solely on textual data.