A straightforward modeling of such information has been obtained in statistical language learning with Tree Kernels (TKs) (Collins and Duffy, 2001), or by means of structured neural models (Hochreiter and Schmidhuber, 1997;Socher et al., 2013).
kernel-based methods (Shawe-Taylor and Cristianini, 2004) have been largely applied in language processing for alleviating the need of complex activities of manual feature engineering (e.g., (Moschitti et al., 2008)).