Methods based on word sense induction try to induce sense representations without the need for any initial lexical resource by extracting semantic relations from text.
word sense induction (WSI) based on word ego networks clusters graphs of semantically related words (Lin, 1998;Pantel and Lin, 2002;Dorow and Widdows, 2003;Véronis, 2004;Hope and Keller, 2013;Pelevina et al., 2016;Panchenko et al., 2017a), where each cluster corresponds to a word sense.