To address the growing problem of online hate, an extensive body of work has focused on developing automatic hate speech detection models and datasets (Warner and Hirschberg, 2012;Waseem and Hovy, 2016;Davidson et al., 2017;Schmidt and Wiegand, 2017;ElSherief et al., 2018a,b;Qian et al., 2018a,b).
for binary hate speech detection, we experimented the following four different methods.