Using Hoppes and Thompson's (1980) transitivity hypothesis and Dixon's (1994) syntactic-semantic primitive cited in Adeva's (2005) study, the results revealed that in actor focus, two affixes (mi-/ni-~m-replesive) were evident and three affixes (i-, -un, -an) were evident in goal the focus.
hence, a study on semantic change of Cebuano words should be conducted.