Figure 2: Smoothed-ℓ 0 alignments (red circles) correct many errors in the baseline GIZA++ alignments (black squares), as shown in four Chinese-English examples (the red circles are almost perfect for these examples, except for minor mistakes such as liu-shūqīng and meeting-zàizuò in (a) and .-, in (c)).
the baseline system demonstrates typical "garbage-collection" phenomena in proper name "shuqing" in both languages in (a), number "4000" and word "láibīn" (lit.