Inspired by the success of English grapheme-to-phoneme research in speech synthesis, many researchers have proposed phoneme-based English-to-Chinese transliteration models.
chinese phonemebased transliteration models in the literature fall into either M (E G , c P ) or M (E P , c P ) (Meng et al., 2001;Gao et al., 2004;Jiang et al., 2007;Lee and chang, 2003;Wan and Verspoor, 1998;Virga and Khudanpur, 2003).