Finally, although N -best rescoring is used in this work to facilitate the discriminative training, other CTM's integration into SMT systems exist, such as lattice reranking (Auli et al., 2013) or direct decoding with CTM (Niehues and Waibel, 2012;Devlin et al., 2014;Auli and Gao, 2014).
for both conditions, the discriminative training gives a significant improvement, up to 0.7 BLEU score over the one only trained with NCE and up to 1.7 over the baseline system.