First, we define a function, called area(p, n), that computes the area under a Gaussian function N(x, µ, σ) with a mean of 0.5 and a standard deviation of 0.1 that is bounded by the confidence interval as computed by conf int(p, n) (see Figure 5).
5 supposep has a confidence interval of [a, b]; then Computing area for each back-off level, we define an evaluation function, f area (u, C), as their average.