2018), an extended variant of cosine similarity that avoids the hubness problem (Radovanović et al., 2010;).
2 the element m ij at row i and column j of M corresponds to the CSLS value between the crosslingual vectors x CL i and z CL j of the i th source word and the j th target word respectively: and r Zk (z) calculate the average cosine similarity of a vector with its k nearest neighbors (measured by cosine) in the mapped spaces of X, Z, respectively.