Given the hierarchy (12), the type nonfinite-head-subject-construction is a subtype of the type clause and also a subtype of the type head-subject-phrase, and so it inherits all the properties of the two supertypes.
it has been long recognised that verbs like begin are ambiguous: one belongs to the strict transitive type taking a pure NP complement while the other is what we might call an oblique verb as it takes an infinitival or participle VP complement obligatorily.