1 Natural language interfaces that allow users to query data and invoke services without programming have been identified as a key application of semantic parsing (Berant et al., 2013;Thomason et al., 2015;Dong and Lapata, 2016;Zhong et al., 2017;Campagna et al., 2017;Su et al., 2017).
existing semantic parsing technologies often fall short when deployed in practice, facing several challenges: (1) user utterances can be inherently ambiguous or vague, making it difficult to get the correct result in one shot, (2) the accuracy of state-of-the-art semantic parsers are still not high enough for real use, and (3) it is hard for users to validate the semantic parsing results, especially with mainstream neural network models that are known for the lack of interpretability.