Examples include (Joachims, 2002), (Freund et al., 2003) and (Qin et al., 2007).
the training phase of the Joachims' Ranking SVM (Joachims, 2002) is formulated as the following SVM optimization problem: where V is the training corpus, Φ(q k , d i ) is the feature vector of document d i with respect to query q k , s k,i is the relevance score of d i with respect to q k , w is a weight vector, C is the SVM cost parameter, and ξ i,j,k are slack variables.