If we use HMM as the starting point, we observe a much smaller effect.
• Och and Ney (2000) suggest that the effective multiplicity of a dictionary entry be set to a large value µ + 1 if the lexicon entry actually occurs in one of the sentence pairs of the bilingual corpus and to a low value otherwise: µ(e, f) = µ + if e and f co-occur only dictionary entries that indeed occur in the training corpus have a large effect in training.