Therefore, in the task of zero-anaphora resolution all verbs appearing in a text are considered candidates for zero pronouns, and all gold mentions or system mentions preceding a candidate zero pronoun are considered as candidate antecedents.
dS-CASCAdE: the model first filters out nonanaphoric candidate anaphors using an anaphoricity determination model, then selects an antecedent from a set of candidate antecedents of anaphoric candidate anaphors using an antecedent identification model.