, c K }, automatically generate a visual paraphrase (i i , c i , p i ) for each (i i , c i ); then rerank the candidate captions by the following affinity function that merges the visual neighborhood from the  paraphrase, 6 Experiments: Visual Paraphrasing Improves Image Captioning The experimental configuration basically follows §4.
as a reference, the first row shows the performance of the INSTaNCE method ( §4).