Moreover, machine learning techniques have been used to train negotiation strategies from data, in particular reinforcement learning (RL) (Georgila and Traum, 2011;Efstathiou and Lemon, 2015;Keizer et al., 2015).
it has been shown that RL dialogue agents can be trained to strategically select offers in trading dialogues (Keizer et al., 2015;Cuayahuitl et al., 2015c), but also to bluff and lie (Efstathiou and Lemon, 2015;Efstathiou and Lemon, 2014).