With n-best rescoring, all neural network-based systems achieve significant improvements over the phrase-based system.
in the conventional approach, the Bayes' theorem is used and the HMM is applied to the inverse translation model Pr(e i 1 |f J 1 ) = Pr(e i 1 ) in this case, as a part of a noisy channel model, the marginalisation becomes intractable for every e. This work proposes a novel concept focusing on direct HMM for Pr(e i 1 |f J 1 ), in which the alignment direction is from target to source positions.