However, increasingly, linguistic evidence suggests that inferences involving veridicality rely heavily on non-lexical information and are better understood as a graded, pragmatic phenomenon (de Marneffe et al., 2012;Tonhauser et al., 2018).
in this paper, we revisit the question of whether neural models of natural language inference-which are not explicitly endowed with knowledge of verbs' lexical semantic categorieslearn to make inferences about veridicality consistent with those made by humans.