Thus, if the occurrence of a complement clause is highly unpredictable, the insertion of a complementizer might lead to a more uniform surprisal profile by significantly reducing the high surprisal of the word(s) to follow.
we therefore shifted towards investigating our hypothesis with an acceptability rating study, which compared the acceptability of ARTICLEOMISSION as a function of SURPRISAL of a postverbal noun in constructed newspaper headlines a 2 × 2 design.