3 We are not interested in optimizing the properties of a certain learner for this task, but rather want to compare the influence of different types of lexical, syntactical, and other kinds of information across datasets.
4 we used a limited set of learners for our task: a) a standard L2-regularized logistic regression approach with manually defined feature sets 5 , which is a simple yet robust and established technique for many text classification problems (Plank et al., 2014;He et al., 2015;Zhang et al., 2016a;Ferreira and Vlachos, 2016); and b) several deep learning approaches, using state-of-the-art neural network architectures.