It is not hard to see that this is the update rule that DL-EM-X computes, using the intermediate values: If we consider the case where α is the set of labeled examples and expand φ x in (19), we obtain This is the update rule that DL-EM-Λ computes.
we see that DL-EM-X reduces D X , and DL-EM-Λ reduces D Λ .