Moreover, Bruening (2016), while admitting that -ed adjectives as in (1) and (2) are formed from nouns, suggests an analysis whereby their derivation involves an intermediate, non-existent verb form derived from an N and meaning 'possessing N', with the verbalizer being a null affix corresponding to the English prefix be-, as in bejeweled, beringed, beribboned, etc.
this analysis treats the -ed adjectives in question as deverbal rather than denominal.