We showed them timelines into which two additional "interloper" articles selected at random had been inserted, and asked them to remove the two articles that they thought should be removed to "improve the flow of the timeline".
in order to convert the weight function defined in Equation (1) to the appropriate multiplicative form, we use a simple log-linear model, setting q(y i ) = exp(λw(y i )), where λ is a hyperparameter that effectively governs the balance between quality and diversity by adjusting the dynamic range of the quality function.