The correct translation t can then be extracted if it can be found as a translation of m. The transitive translation model, therefore, combines the processes of both direct translation and indirect translation, and is defined as:  One major challenge of the transitive translation model is the propagation of translation errors.
incorrect m will significantly reduce the accuracy of the translation of s into t. A typical case is the indirect association problem (Melamed, 2000), as shown in Figure 2 in which we want to translate the term s 1 (s=s 1 ).