We observe that some k-mers (i.e., substrings of length-k) (Compeau et al., 2011) express the same meaning regardless of buildings, e.g., "T", "tmp", or "temp" almost always appear in sensor names related to temperature.
we propose to leverage such meaningful k-mers to complement the representation produced by the language model (i.e., z i defined in Eqq. (1)) as “word”-level information.