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与哲学的双重文本。启蒙时代文学家多哲学家和思想家,如写过20多部哲理小说的伏尔泰,写了“教育哲理文学”《爱弥尔》的卢(其随笔更是文学与哲学交织),创作了史诗《浮士德》的歌德。现代西方文论注重学科化,但哲学对文学依然重要。韦勒克为《20世纪世界文学百科全书》撰写的《文学批评》认为20 批评有三个变化:更多自觉意识,社会地位提升,发展了新方法与新的评价尺度。而“批评的世纪”恰恰大量得到哲学启示。现代主义创作的哲学化也成为潮流。卡夫卡的荒诞世界具有穿透性的哲学思考,“卡夫卡热”与此相关。诸如表现主义、结构主义、意识流、黑色幽默、后现代和解构主义等文学都有哲学支撑。诺贝尔文学奖也始终看重给人类精神提供深刻启示、富有哲学价值的创作,体现了文史哲的综合尺度。 中国文学接源哲学同样久远。传统文史哲不分家虽与学术领域不明有关,但也是因为三者有密切关联。先秦诸子散文代表如《论语》、《墨子》、《孟子》、《庄子》和《子》等都有哲学思考,尤其是《庄子》释的万物之“道”。它们或许缺乏古希哲学的逻辑性和形上意义,但也体现了中国哲学特点。古典文学向现代转型中,最早结合中西美学的王国维则是接受了叔本华、尼采等人的哲学。王国维曾说其《红楼梦评论》“全以叔氏为立足点”,其是《人间词话》创作也体现了叔氏哲学。中国文学大量接源哲学始于五四后流行的“主义文学”。中国现代(包括当代)文学伴随着各种“主义”,甚至可以说没有“主义”就没有中国现代文学。前30年新文学不必说,共和国前27年是社会主义文学大一统,新时期文学除启蒙主义重演,更借鉴了西方表现主义、人本主义、结构主义和存在主义等。主义文学涉及思潮、流派和创作方法多种情况,但“主义”都有哲学背景。接源哲学极大影响了文学的形上思考,涉及文学性质、作家认知、作品价值等系列问题。如新文学长期纠缠于阶级话语权,从接源哲学的效应看就无法独尊一端。接源哲学能激励文学的探索和深化,但教条化神圣化则会阻碍文学。哲学可能成为作家的重要认知甚至产生灵魂性影响,也可能为表面认知。中国现代文学接源哲学主要有三种效应:主义文学接源多元哲学;影响个体作家认知;影响文学走向并成为其性质证明。从哲学或我们曾津津乐道的“世界观”入手,不少问题更能正本清源。 一、“主义文学”与多元哲学 中国的“主义”多是来品,五四时期由于大量来还引发“主义与问题”之争。有感于知识界爱谈甚至奢谈主义,胡适写了《多研究些问题,少谈些“主义”》1,文章首先声明并不是劝人不研究一切学说和一切“主义”,认为它们也是研究问题的重要工具,但“‘主义’的大危险,就是能使人心满意足,自以为寻着了包医百病的‘根本解决’从此用不着费心力去研究这个那个具体问题的解决法了”。胡适看法无疑受到杜威实证哲学影响。李大很快写了《再论问题与主义》2,同意胡适所说要研究问题和不空谈主义,但声明必须谈主义,依据有两个:一是应该“先有一个共同趋向的理想、主义,作为实验自己生活上满意不满意的尺度”;二是主义有“根本解决”功能,如“依据马克思的唯物史观念,经济基础决定上层建筑,经济问题解决了,诸如政治、法律、家族制度、妇女解放、工人解放问题都可以迎刃而解”。差异似乎在主义功能的认识,其实关键在主义选择。胡适的主义是泛指,李大则特指马克思主义,否则难有“根本解决”论。 文学与哲学的关系比较复杂。从认知目的、知识谱系和研究方法看,除探讨世界本原事物本质的本体论,如亚里士多德寻找宇宙“第一推动者”而被亚氏称为“第一哲学”的形而上学,还有很多领域哲学,如科学哲学、政治哲学、经济哲学、道德哲学、宗教哲学、艺术哲学、心理哲学、文化哲学。中国现代文学接源哲学既有本体论启示,更有领域哲学影响。如文研会受俄国和欧洲批判现实主义文学影响;前期创造社受欧洲启蒙主义与浪漫主义启示,还涉及“新浪漫主义”的唯美主义、象征主义、表现主义、废主义,后来革命文学则接受了马克思主义。它们接源哲学就包括本体论与领域哲学。接源多元哲学从影响最大的启蒙文学、阶级革命文学和自由主义文学就可看出。三种主义文学都有贯穿性:启蒙文学从五四兴起而新时期又重演;阶级革命文学从1928年的激烈提倡到共和国一统天下;曾颇为兴盛的自由主义文学在共和国受到冷遇,新时期又枯木逢春,如胡适的现代思想史地位被重新重视,大量自由主义文学经典被重新出版,周作人散文成为畅销书,出现了徐志摩热、林语堂热、沈从文热、张爱玲热等。 先说启蒙主义文学哲学背景。以“光明驱散黑暗”的启蒙思想源自欧洲文艺复兴。围绕“人是中心”的人本哲学,文艺复兴以理性反对愚,以人性对抗神性与禁欲主义。启蒙运动提倡的“科学理性”、“天赋人权”、“自由天”等,则将“人是中心”推向“人的解放”,哲学思想主要为科学理性与人道主义。而启蒙成为中国五四知识界的共识,启蒙文学成为五四文学主潮,则主要有两种原因:一是欧洲启蒙主义契合五四新文化的科学与 。正如陈独秀《文学革命论》所指出的:“今日庄严烂之欧洲,何自而来乎。曰,革命之也。欧语所谓革命者,为革故更新之义,与中土所谓朝代鼎革,绝不相类。故自文艺复兴以来,政治界有革命,宗教界亦有革命, 道德亦有革命,文学艺术,亦莫不有革命。”3 不管是否赞同陈独秀的理解,可以肯定的是无论留学欧美的胡适、陈西、徐志摩、林语堂、梁实秋、朱光潜等,还是留日的前期创造社成员郭沫若、张资平、成仿吾、郁达夫、田汉等,包括鲁迅与周作人,均受到欧洲启蒙思想影响。二是本土封建文化的固也需要启蒙。如鲁迅塑造的阿Q、孔乙己、祥林嫂、爱姑、九斤老太等体现了集体无意识的典型,这种国民性批判正是针对封建文化而有振发的启蒙意义。中国启蒙文学涉及文化思想和社会现状很多具体问题,但万变不离启蒙主义的哲学认知,这就是人本主义和人道主义的“人的解放”。 中国现代文学800字 同样源自西方的自由主义,涉及问题则较复杂。中国学者曾从不同角度探讨了中国自由主义状况,有研究者归纳了几种主要看法:如海光概括为孔、提倡科学、追求 、好尚自由、倾向进步和使用白话文;欧阳哲生概括为认识论上的实证主义, 观上的个体主义,历史观上的进化论与经济思想的放任主义;许纪则认为理解自由主义不能看表相,而要关注终极价值问题。4 可谓见智见仁。不管看法多少,就中国自由主义文学而言,强调“人的自由”是基本立场,特别重视个体价值和保障个人自由的必须。因此自由主义反专制愚与启蒙主义一致,自由主义者必然也是启蒙者。胡适启蒙立场就很鲜明。如《易卜生主义》认为“易卜生主义”就是易卜生以写实主义“把家庭社会的实在情形都写了出来,叫人看了动心,叫人看了觉得我们的家庭社会原来是如此黑暗腐败,叫人看了觉得家庭社会真正不得不维新革命”5。这种痛恨“黑暗腐败”与鲁迅痛恨“吃人”文化可谓一致。但哲学认知和社会思想,中国的自由主义和启蒙主义又有差异。如面对“人的解放”这个总命题,启蒙者立足社会群体,自由主义者则看重个体价值。这并非忽视群体,而是认为群体由个体组成,个体命运是群体命运的立足点,个体权益得不到保障,群体权益则无从谈起。强调个体价值是自由主义人道思想的基本立场,并涉及如何理解科学理性和社会治理等问题。就文学思想看,启蒙者更强调文学为社会代言的功能,自由主义者也重视文学社会功能,但认为这种功能要经由个性创造,应该保留个人情趣与个人园地。 这方面,周氏兄弟文学观念的差异就具有代表性,也导致他们分道扬。周作人当然赞同启蒙。他在《人的文学》中还以欧洲文艺复兴运动“人的发现”为背景表达了启蒙思考。围绕底层“非人的生活”,作者指出人的文学首先应具备人道立场,而这种人道主义“并非世间所谓‘悲天人’或‘博施济众’的慈善主义,乃是一种个人主义的人间本位主义”,个体的“我”应该“讲人道,爱人类”。6 强调个体未必不可,但与鲁迅启蒙立场显然有异。鲁迅很个体化,但其启蒙恰恰看重为社会代言的社会本位,而非个人本位更非个人情趣。同为“语丝派”核心作家,鲁迅认为小品文是首与投枪,提倡思想革命与战斗性;周作人则提倡书写个人性灵和题材多样,并喜欢平和冲淡风格。也是“语丝派”核心人物的林语堂不仅介绍西方幽默理论,还提倡以“幽默的艺术方式”去描写社会和揭示问题。“论语派”时期的周作人和林语堂一如既往。根据当时社会与文学的复杂状况,很难简单评判是非。但坚守个人园地确实是自由主义的文学立场。《文学研究会宣言》曾声称文学是一项于人生很切要的工作,而这种工作“正同劳农一样”。 但注重为社会代言对作家个性多少有束。周作人是文研会发起者之一,《人的文学》却宣称自己既非“人生派”也不“艺术派”,而是“人生的艺术派”;认为文学工作不能“正同劳农一样”,与一般社会工作也不同,是个性精神的创作。这同样体现了自由主义文学立场。 胡适的《易卜生主义》责中国社会“黑暗腐败”,认为“社会最大的罪恶莫过于催折个人的个性,不使他自由发展”。如何发展个人的个性胡适提出了两个互为支持的观点,一是必须保证“个人自由的意志”,二是个人必须对社会“担干系,负责任”。周作人的“讲人道,爱人类”明显有些模糊空泛,胡适的“担干系,负责任”则明确强调了个人权利与社会义务关系。这点非常重要。杜威实证主义哲学极大影响了胡适的哲学认知与文学研究。杜威1919年5月到上海后在中国呆了两年多,走遍大半个中国,在北京的五种演讲录先后重版10次。对老师的中国之行,胡适曾总结说杜威虽然没有给我们一些特别问题的特别主张,但给了我们一个哲学方法,让我们用它来解决我们的特别问题。曹聚仁也认为新文化运动风行的“历史方法”和“实验方法”在新文学方面的成果,与杜威实证主义密切相关。7 胡适确实偏爱实证哲学。如为何给自己白话诗集取名《尝试集》,胡适解释是:那时他想起陆游的一句诗“尝试成功自古无”,故用“尝试”为诗集名,也表明自己认为的“自古成功在尝试”的探索思想。1930年胡适在苏州青年会发表题为《科学的人生观》演说,由于涉及宇宙时刻、自然规律、物竞天择进化、社会道德等多方面,演说有些拉杂,但始终突出了“科学”立场。如何以科学的方法、精神、态度来解决人生问题,胡适就明确解释了四点:怀疑、事实、证据、真理。胡适以考据方法研究古典文学当然也与此有关。 后期创造社和太阳社倡导的阶级革命文学,不管受日本无产阶级文学和苏联普罗文学影响多大,其核心是马克思主义阶级学说。由此革命文学强调了几个观点:一是无产阶级先进神圣,资产阶级反动腐,小资产阶级是个人主义。蒋光慈《关于革命文学》就认为具有先进思想的无产阶级是天然神圣的阶级。二是反启蒙主义,认为它是资产阶级智识分子的思想产物,并极力解构五四启蒙话语。如阿英(钱杏)《死去了的阿Q时代》就批评阿Q形象已无时代意义;麦克昂(郭沫若)的《英雄树》则将反封彻底的鲁迅也视为“封建余”和“二重反革命”。三是将资产阶级与封建阶级绑。这看似奇怪(资产阶级恰恰是反抗封建阶级而产生的),但却符合阶级革命文学逻辑:即除无产阶级之外,其他阶级都有问题。成仿吾《从文学革命到革命文学》就宣称“作家立场不在无产阶级,就是在封建阶级和资产阶级那边”。由此还责了“以《语丝》为中心的周作人一派的玩意儿”,认为他们提倡“趣味”与“闲暇”,不仅“代表着有闲的资产阶级”,也代表了“睡在鼓里的小资产阶级”。革命文学的哲学支撑是马克思主义的唯物论与辩证法,成仿吾呼吁:“努力获得辩证法的唯物论,努力把握唯物的辩证法的方法,它将给你以正当的指导,示你以必胜的战术。”8 但革命文学的唯我独尊与上纲上线战法其实背离了辩证法。这些问题左联时期得到纠正,但根本思维没变,并且延续到共和国文学。 二、个体作家的哲学认知 加《西绪福斯神话》讨论哲学与小说关系时,认为真正有思想的艺术家是“创造自己的宇宙”,伟大小说家通常也是伟大哲学家,巴尔扎克、萨德、麦尔维尔、斯丹达尔、陀思妥耶夫斯基、普鲁斯特、马尔罗、卡夫卡等就是。9 哲学认知对个体作家确实重要。中国现代大多数知名作家都曾被划入各种“主义文学”,其实两者关系复杂(一个作家可能涉及多种主义文学,可能前后变化很大)。即使划分不无道理,也无法概括作家的哲学思想、文化认知与生命感悟。如果说“诗僧”苏曼殊的超尘脱俗,冰心基督教的“爱的哲学”,许地山的佛教救,这种自我还相对单纯,更多作家的思想情感则不如此。而个体认知的多元与复杂,不仅给文学史带来丰富的思想细节和历史信息,也成为文学思想史的重要构成。 个体思想的形成涉及多种因素,包括家庭背景、成长经历、接受教育、社会环境以及生物学遗传因素。如平伯、许地山、秋白、郁达夫等不少作家与佛教产生关系就有家庭影响。但导致中国现代作家个体复杂还有个特别重要的原因:新旧文化和中西哲学的激烈碰撞。 不妨还是从王国维说起。钱基博说王国维“治日文之余,则从腾田博士受欧文及西洋哲学、文学、美术,尤善韩图、叔本华、尼采诸家之说,发挥其旨趣,为《静安文集
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’a katılmadan önce, Prof. Barsade, on yıl boyunca Yale Üniversitesi’nde ders verdi. Del Monte, GlaxoSmithKline, Merrill Lynch, NBA, State Farm Insurance ve Philadelphia Gas Works gibi bazı kurumsal, kamu veya kar amacı gütmeyen müşterilerle çalışmıştır. Prof. Barsade, Administrative Science Quarterly, Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes, and Organization Science yayın kurullarında görev yapmaktadır. Damaged optic nerves – which run from the eye to the brain – have been regrown for the first time by scientists working with mice. The researchers believe the technique might one day restore sight to people whose optic nerves have been damaged by injury or glaucoma. It could even help regenerate other nerves in the body, they say. A team led by Dong Feng Chen, at the Schepens Eye Research Institute in Boston, US, combined two genetic modifications to regrow the optic nerve after it was damaged. First they turned on a gene called BCL-2, which promotes growth and regeneration of the optic nerve in young mice. This gene is normally turned off shortly before birth. They then bred those animals with other mice carrying genetic mutations that reduce scar tissue in injured nerves. The researchers crushed the optic nerves shortly after birth, and found that in young mice – less than 14 days old – between 40% and 70% of the injured optic nerve fibres regrew to reach their target destinations in the brain. No regrowth was seen in injured mice without the genetic modifications. That suggests the mice may have regained some vision, Chen told New Scientist, although the study cannot prove it did. However, the approach did not work on mice more than two weeks old. This may be because the effect of BCL-2 begins to weaken, and scarring – which takes time to set in – starts to inhibit healing. The study could offer some insight into why mammals tend to lose their ability to regrow nerves after a certain age – a phenomenon that remains largely a mystery, suggest the authors. “Unfortunately, the fountain of youth doesn’t last forever,” says Jerry Silver, a nerve regeneration expert at Case Western Reserve University in Ohio, US, who is not part of the team. “You can only give them two extra weeks” before the regeneration stops. But Silver was impressed by the breakthrough, saying the study had the potential to become a “classic” in the field. Chen says the relatively simple structure of the optic nerve may shed light on how to repair damage to more complicated systems, such as the spinal cord. To apply the genetic technique to humans, a form of gene therapy would have to be developed, or drugs developed that manipulate gene expression. Chen and her colleagues have applied for two patents on the methods they have developed to stimulate neural cell regeneration and prevent degeneration. Journal reference: Journal of Cell Science (March 2005 issue) Reckless arms trading devastates lives. Weapons and ammunition are produced and sold in shockingly large quantities. Twelve billion bullets are produced every year. That is almost enough to kill everyone in the world twice. Every day, thousands of people are killed, injured and forced to flee their homes because of gun violence and armed conflict. A global Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) imposing strict rules to regulate international arms transfers has been in force for over five years, yet global arms trading is still on the rise and continues to fuel human rights abuses. This is because some of the largest arms exporters like Russia and the USA have not ratified the treaty. And even countries that have ratified the treaty fail to comply with it, and transfer weapons and munitions to places where they risk being used to commit serious violations of international humanitarian law, including possible war crimes. Civilians typically bear the brunt of modern conflict. Weapons such as artillery, mortars, guided bombs and missiles destroy hospitals, homes, markets and transport systems, pushing survivors into poverty. People’s lives are destroyed. This is the cost of an unregulated arms trade industry. Irresponsible arms trading affects those living inside and outside areas of armed conflict and political instability. Gun violence is a daily tragedy that impacts people around the world, the vast majority of whom are not living in conflict zones. Globally, more than 500 people die every day because of violence committed by firearms. That’s why Amnesty is campaigning to stop the unregulated flow of all weapons, whether that be an unregistered hand-gun in the United States or combat aircraft in Yemen or Syria. Case Study – Saudi coalition in Yemen The war in Yemen continues to destroy the lives of civilians years after Huthi forces took over the country’s capital Sana’a in 2015. Shortly after the fall of Sana’a, a Saudi-led coalition intervened to restore the country’s UN-recognized government. Since the outbreak of the conflict, civilians have borne the brunt of the violence in Yemen. As well as causing thousands of deaths and injuries, the parties to the conflict have exacerbated an already severe humanitarian crisis resulting from years of poverty and poor governance causing immense human suffering. Gross human rights violations have been committed by all sides in the conflict. The Saudi-led coalition has carried out numerous indiscriminate and disproportionate airstrikes in civilian areas, hitting homes, schools, hospitals, markets, mosques, weddings and funerals. Similarly, Amnesty International has documented cases of Huthi forces indiscriminately shelling civilian areas and using imprecise weapons. The conflict in Yemen has largely been fuelled by a collection of countries that continue to supply arms to the Saudi-led coalition forces. These sales already amount to more than US$18 billion since the beginning of the conflict. Given the substantial risk that these arms will be used to commit or facilitate serious violations of international humanitarian and human rights law, states are strictly forbidden under the Arms Trade Treaty – as well as EU and domestic law – to continue supplying arms to Coalition members for use in Yemen. Amnesty International is campaigning to stop these arms flows. As result of intense pressure from activists around the world, many countries across Europe have announced suspensions of future weapons sales. However, many of the largest arms exporters, including the UK, France and the USA, continue to flout international law and their own domestic legislation by continuing to supply military equipment to Saudi Arabia and other Coalition members. The Arms Trade Treaty After more than 20 years of campaigning by Amnesty International and partner NGOs, the Arms Trade Treaty became international law on 24 December 2014. Any state that is a party to the treaty must obey strict rules on international arms transfers. The Treaty was designed to stop deadly weapons from getting into the hands of people who will use them to commit human rights violations, including genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. More than 100 countries have joined the Treaty, and there are over 30 more who have signed the treaty which is the first step towards becoming a party to the ATT. The Treaty can help save lives, but only if it is properly implemented, and if states are held accountable when they breach it. The International Arms Industry It is estimated that the total value of the global arms trade is at least $95bn. While states, as the licensers of arms transfers, play a key role in the trade, the defence industry is deeply involved in all aspects of the supply of weapons around the world. Every year corporate actors supply large volumes of military equipment to some of the most violent and unstable parts of the world. This equipment is often used unlawfully in the context of armed conflicts and in political unrest marred by serious human rights violations. In September 2019, Amnesty contacted 22 arms companies asking them to explain how they meet their responsibilities to respect human rights in their business. None of them were able to provide an adequate response. Many defence companies continue to profit from the sale of arms which are used to commit serious violations of human rights or humanitarian law. In any situation where it is impossible to avert the risks that arms will be used to commit human rights abuses, companies should stop supplying weapons altogether. It is illegal to use weapons that are inherently indiscriminate, cannot be directed at a specific military objective or whose effects cannot be limited as required by international humanitarian law. This is because their use makes it almost inevitable that civilians and civilian infrastructure (homes, hospitals and schools) will be harmed or destroyed. Cluster bombs and munitions can contain hundreds of submunitions, which are released mid-air, and scatter indiscriminately over an area measuring hundreds of square metres. They can be dropped or fired from a plane or launched from surface-to-surface rockets. Cluster submunitions also have a high “dud” rate which means a high percentage of them fail to explode on impact. This unexploded ordnance poses a threat to people years after the bomb was dropped. The use, production, sale and transfer of cluster munitions is prohibited under the 2008 Convention on Cluster Munitions, which has more than 100 states parties. Anti-personnel landmines are explosive devices designed to automatically detonate when someone approaches them. They are usually triggered when stepped on or via a trip wire. Landmines can lie waiting for decades, meaning that they can still maim, injure or kill people years after the conflict has ended. Once triggered, the blast can destroy multiple limbs, projecting debris that showers the victims with fragments that can cause deep wounds. It is impossible to know how many mines are in the ground worldwide, because they can remain undetected until the moment they detonate. However, the scale of the problem can be measured by the number of landmines that have already been discovered and disabled. 53 million mines have been destroyed since the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention was adopted in 1997. While this is undoubtedly a remarkable accomplishment, there is still work to be done. As of November 2018, 56 countries have identified areas that are at a high risk of being contaminated by anti-personnel mines. As a member of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, Amnesty International urges all governments to ban the use, production, stockpiling, sale, transfer or export of anti-personnel landmines and become party to, implement, and monitor the 1997 Mine Ban Treaty. Nuclear weapons are the most destructive, inhumane and indiscriminate weapons ever created; both in terms of the scale of the immediate devastation they cause and the threat of a uniquely persistent, pervasive and genetically damaging radioactive fallout. On 7 July 2017, the United Nations adopted the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, a treaty that outlaws nuclear weapons, ushering in a new era of nuclear non-proliferation and abolition. Amnesty International supports the work of the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons to help get states to become party to this treaty and monitor its implementation. Chemical weapons are defined as chemicals that are used to cause intentional harm or death through the use of toxic properties. This not only includes the toxic chemicals themselves, but also equipment such as mortars, artillery shells and bombs specifically designed to inflict harm through the delivery of those chemicals to inflict harm. These weapons are banned by the Chemical Weapons Convention that entered into force in 1997. Case Study: Chemical Weapons in Darfur In 2016, Amnesty uncovered evidence suggesting that the Sudanese government was using chemical weapons against its own people. Using a combination of satellite imagery, photos of injuries and more than 200 in-depth interviews with survivors, the investigation found that at least 30 chemical attacks had been carried out in Jebel Marra, one of the most remote parts of Darfur. Some 200-250 people died as a result. Victims of the attacks suffered from horrifying injuries, including loss of vision, respiratory problems, bloody vomiting and diarrhoea, blisters and rashes. To make matters worse, most of the people exposed to these dangerous chemicals – many of them children – had no access to adequate medical care. Killer robots, or autonomous weapons systems, are no longer the stuff of science fiction. Some countries – including China, Israel, South Korea, Russia, the UK, the USA – are already developing weapons with increasing autonomy, taking humans out of important life and death decisions. These weapon systems raise various moral, legal, accountability, and security concerns. Killer robots without human control would lack the human judgment necessary to apply the law when using force. They could make tragic mistakes and jeopardize civilian lives. Allowing robots to have power over life-and-death decisions also crosses a fundamental moral line. It’s unclear who, if anyone, would be held responsible for unlawful acts of killer robots: the programmer, manufacturer, commander or police officer. The use of fully autonomous weapons without meaningful human control could create an accountability gap if the weapons are designed to make their own determinations about the use of force, making it difficult to ensure justice, especially for victims. Amnesty and its partners in the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots are calling for a new, binding international instrument that ensures meaningful human control is retained over the use of force by prohibiting the development, production, and use of fully autonomous weapons. What is Amnesty doing about the arms trade? Using a global network of activists who specialize in human rights issues related to the arms trade, Amnesty continues to put pressure on governments and companies until they stop selling weapons illegally. Amnesty’s digital verification and weapon experts work to identify munitions and other remnants of weapons so that we can trace them back to their original source; while Amnesty International’s legal experts have supported efforts to stop irresponsible arms supplies through the courts. Amnesty International and other human rights NGOs are supporting the Campaign against the Arms Trade in a legal challenge to stop the UK government from supplying arms in Yemen. In June 2019, the UK Court of Appeal found that the UK government’s decision to continue licensing exports of military equipment to Saudi Arabia was unlawful. As a result, the UK government was forced to stop issuing new licences for arms exports to Saudi Arabia. In a much-needed step towards corporate accountability in the defence sector, Amnesty supported a joint communication to the International Criminal Court by the European Centre for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR). The communication calls for an ICC investigation into the role of European arms companies in aiding and abetting alleged war crimes in Yemen. The organization is also using open-source information to find imagery of weapons and vehicles being used to commit human rights abuses during the conflict and tracing them back to French arms manufacturers, as well as documenting Bulgarian, Serbian, US and Finnish small arms and armoured vehicles being used by unaccountable UAE-backed forces in Yemen. In other work, Amnesty International has successfully campaigned for the imposition of an arms embargo on war-torn South Sudan; documented arms embargo violations in Libya; and civilian casualties that resulted from US drone strikes in Somalia. كسب ۹۰ درصد كل درآمدهای دانش بنیان از طرف ۲۰۱۰ شركت صنعتی فوری خرید: رئیس مركز توسعه فناوری و صنایع پیشرفته وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت اظهار داشت: از تعداد بیشتر از 4 هزار شركت دانش بنیان، 2010 شركت دانش بنیان صنعتی به وجود آمده است و 90 درصد كل درآمدهای كل شركت های دانش بنیان از طرف این تعداد شركت تأمین می شود. به گزارش فوری خرید به نقل از ایسنا، دكتر حسن آقا كثیری در نشست خبری امروز معاونت آموزش، پژوهش و فناوری وزارت صنعت، با تاكید بر اینكه طرح "تاپ" به منظور رفع نیازهای بنگاه های صنعتی از طرف متخصصان و فناوران كشور تعریف و اجرا شد، اضافه كرد: برمبنای مجوزهای ارائه شده تابحال ۳۲۶ بنگاه صنعتی پیشرفته در كشور به راه افتاده است. این امر به منظور حركت كشور به سمت اقتصاد دانش بنیان اجرایی شد. وی همین طور با اشاره به جذب سربازان مشمول به بنگاه های اقتصادی، اظهار داشت: با تعاملاتی كه با معاونت عملی و فناوری ریاست جمهوری صورت گرفت، توانستیم سهمیه ای برای جذب مشمولان دانش آموخته به بخش های خصوصی دریافت نماییم و این افراد صرفاً در بخش های تحقیق، توسعه و نوآوری بنگاه های اقتصادی مشغول به فعالیت خواهند شد. وی همین طور به طرح استاد تاپ در این طرح، اشاره نمود و اظهار داشت: اگر فردی بخواهد بعنوان عضو هیات علمی خصوصاً در رشته های فنی دانشگاه ها جذب شود، لازم است تا دركی از محیط صنعتی و فنی داشته باشد كه بر طبق این طرح این افراد می توانند دوره پسا دكتری خودرا در بخش های صنعتی مشغول به فعالیت شوند. آقا كثیری با تاكید بر اینكه ایران در زمینه تربیت مهندس رتبه سوم جهان را از آن خود كرده است، اشاره كرد: ولی ما در زمینه سطح مهارت های قابل پذیرش صنعتی رتبه ۷۵ را كسب كردیم و این اعداد عدم تناسب كیفی و كمی را نشان می دهند. رئیس مركز توسعه فناوری و صنایع پیشرفته وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت با اشاره به اینكه در سال قبل ۷۸ قرارداد مشترك صنعت و دانشگاه كه مشمول معافیت مالیاتی می شد، منعقد شده است، اظهار داشت: علاوه بر آن ۲۹۸ نیاز فناورانه نیز به ما اعلام شده است. وی همین طور به فعالیت های دانش بنیان وزارت صنعت اشاره و اظهار نمود: در بخش دانش بنیان ها سه دسته شركت های نوپا، تولیدی و صنعتی به وجود آمده است كه از ۴۴۰۰ شركت دانش بنیان ایجاد شده، ۲۰۱۰ بنگاه شركت های دانش بنیان صنعتی است كه ۹۰ درصد از درآمدهای كل شركت های دانش بنیان از طرف این تعداد شركت دانش بنیان صنعتی كسب شده است. آقا كثیری با تاكید بر اینكه این میزان نشان دهنده رسوخ فناوری در بخش های صنعتی است، اشاره كرد: نیازهای فناورانه اعلام شده در بخش های كیفیت محصول، تأمین قطعه، نیازهای فناورانه و توسعه بازار بوده است. منبع: فوری خرید این مطلب را می پسندید؟ (1) (0) تازه ترین مطالب مرتبط نظرات بینندگان در مورد این مطلب The Civil Rights Movement took place in the U.S. from 1954-1968. Because African Americans didn’t have the same rights as white citizens, the goal was to gain equality by ending segregation and discrimination. Civil rights activists fought and protested for equal opportunities in education, employment, housing, and the right to vote. Martin Luther King, Jr’s involvement in the Civil Rights Movement began in 1955 with the Montgomery bus boycott in Alabama. Teach your children more about this important man in history with our FREE Martin Luther King, Jr. unit study. FREE Martin Luther King Unit Study (click image for PDF) Looking for even more enrichment activities for Martin Luther King, Jr. day? Check out some of these: - Martin Luther King Jr. Spelling Word List – Here, your kids can practice words related to Martin Luther King, Jr., play games with those words, do online flashcards, take a vocabulary test, and even take a spelling test! - Books
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تا چند روز آینده به وقوع خواهد پیوست. ScratchInput and Stane in the previous post are for gesture recognition. The acoustic sensing technology can be applied to implement touch screens or surfaces. Tai-chi (Tangible Acoustic Interfaces for Computer Human Interaction) is a EU-funded research project that changes ordinary objects to touch sensitive interactive surfaces. Just see a video clip below. In the demo video, the system detects touch (scratching) position using four microphones. And this video shows a demo of touch gesture recognition. Commercially, Elo TouchSystems has introduced a touch screen using Acoustic Pulse Recognition (APR), whose sensing technology is similar with that of Tai-Chi. See also: Tai-Chi – Future Interactive Interface Hansard is the record of parliamentary debates. The term Hansard is also used to refer to the unit of the Department of Parliamentary Services that publishes the printed record. Hansard's primary role is to accurately and promptly report the proceedings of the Parliament, the parliamentary committees and other forums. The origins of Hansard as well as how it is produced today are described in more detail in About Hansard Hansard produces and publishes Daily Hansard and weekly Hansard, which can be downloaded from 1999 onwards. Hansard volumes for all Parliaments from 1856 to 1999 are also available for download. The full text of Hansard can also be searched from 1991 onwards.Last Updated on Thursday, 07 April 2016 با حکم معاون توسعه روستایی و مناطق محروم ریاست جمهوری رضا برزگر به سمت مشاور امور مشمولین منصوب شد. در بخشی از حکم امیرحسین مدنی آمده است: «نظر به تعهد، تخصص و تجربیات جنابعالی، به موجب این حکم به سمت مشاور امور مشمولین این معاونت منصوب می شوید. انتظار می رود با هماهنگی و بهره گیری از ظرفیت دستگاه های نظامی و سایر سازمانها و استانداریها در راستای تحقق اهداف و سیاستهای دولت محترم و با انجام شرح وظایف قانونی گام موثری در مسیر ارتقای شاخصهای توسعه پایدار روستایی بردارید. 比利时外交大臣新冠检测呈阳性 疑似在家庭内部感染 据国外媒体综合报道,10月18日,比利时外交大臣威尔姆斯在当地时间17日表示,他对这种新冠状病毒的检测结果为阳性。 据报道 ,韦尔梅斯当天在社交媒体上说:“我的新冠状病毒检测结果为阳性。”她还认为,考虑到已在家中采取了严格的预防措施,“感染可能会在我的家庭中发生。” 据报道,维姆斯于当地时间12日前往卢森堡参加欧盟外交事务委员会会议,并与其他欧盟外长进行了面对面的会谈。后来,她在当地时间16日说,由于怀疑患有新的冠状肺炎,她开始自我隔离。 而在宋月對面站着一個身材高大但略顯消瘦的男人,一身黑色大很是複古,劉英楠感受到的那股森寒又不同于鬼氣的氣息就是來自于他的身上,在粉紅色的燈光下 ,劉英楠看不清楚他的臉 ,但卻能看到一雙紅如血的眼睛,和一對探出唇外的鋒利牙。盡管看不清楚臉,但劉英楠還是在第一時間認出了這個紅眼睛長牙的怪物,正是僵屍蛋家族的祖先小僵。 第三次就更邪乎了,人家葉星在賓館的房間内 ,赤果果的在床上睡得正香,忽然一個男人撲了上來對自己從上到下,從裏到外,又抓又捏 ,又親又摸,稀裏糊塗的被人夜襲了 。 除威尔姆斯外,当地时间17日 ,奥地利外交部宣布外国的长沙伦伯格(ChangShahrenberg)对新冠状病毒进行了阳性检测。据奥地利外交部称,谢伦贝格还参加了12月12日在卢森堡举行的同一次会议,并说他可能在会议期间被感染。 一些石英表为何会无停走?有几个端游能导致停走:1)手表与磁力场接触过,由于石英表内推动指针的微型推动器是磁能推动,即步进电动机,这样很容易的受到磁场的干扰,就会停顿或显示出来快慢偏差。石英表失准,大部分数是磁力东西在作崇。 2)干电池没电了 3)把头拉开,假如以上事情状况都不是,可请职业技术担任职务的人进一步查。 手表进水了怎么办 ? 如果进水不严重,只是表玻璃内有层雾气,这时可用几层卫生纸或易吸潮的布将表包严,在距40瓦电灯泡15厘米处烘烤约30分钟,即可消除水气。切忌将表蒙*近火直接烘烤,以免使表蒙受热变形。还可以将表蒙朝内、底壳朝外,反戴在手腕上,两个小时后水气即可消除。如果进水严重,最好立即送表店擦油,清除机芯的水分,以避免零部件生锈。 怎样给手表消磁呢? 表被磁化后,不但走时不准确,有的甚至停摆,最好是送钟表修理部去消磁,因为那里有消磁的专用设备,如果远离钟表店维修不方便的话,可找一块中间呈圆圈形、没有受磁的铁块,在桌子上,将手表从铁块圆圈中慢慢地穿来穿去,手表上的磁就会被铁块吸收;也可以把手表放在一块干净的没有受磁的铁板上,这样两天以后手表的磁性也会逐渐消失 Eşiktaşı Terimi Hakkında Bilgiler Yapı-Dekorasyon Terimi Olarak Eşiktaşı: Kapının eşiğine konan taş. Benzer Yapı-Dekorasyon Terimleri: Vihara: Hindistan'da Buda manastırı. Mertek: Çatılarda kaplama tahtalarını taşıyan, eğim yönünde latalar. Maymuncuk: Her kilidi açmaya yarar, eğri ve sivri bir demirden ibaret alet. Tunç: Bakır, çinko ve kalay karışımı olup, pirinci andıran sarı bir alaşım. Eğik Mahya (Sırt): Kırma ve mansard çatılarda çatı yüzeylerinin 45°açılarla kesiştiği ara kesitlere yerleştirilen ve merteklerin üst yüzleri ile aynı düzeyde bulunan iri Sıcak Çatılar: Çatıyı oluşturan tüm katmanların belirli bir sıra ile sıralandıkları çatılarda, taşıyıcı ve yalıtım katmanları aralarında hava katmanı olmaksızın tek Emaye: Emayla kaplanmış olan. Ampatman: Büyük boyutlu somellerde malzemeden tasarruf edilmesi amacıyla, somelin üst kısmında bina yükünün 45 derecelik yayılma açısına uygun biçimde yapılan k تسلای مخفی (Hidden Tesla) : تسلای مخفی همانند سایر تله ها مخفی است و به محض اینکه نیروهای دشمن به آن نزدیک میشوند آنها فعال می شوند و شروع به دفاع می کنند .این دفاعی های بهترین وسیله برای حفاظت از تان هال شما به حساب می آیند مخصوصا در وار حتما آنها را در کنار تان هال خود قرار دهید. آمار کامل محاسباتي تسلای مخفی (Hidden Tesla) : از مصرف محصولات ضد عفونی کننده خشن جهت نظافت پرسینگ بینی اجتناب شود از محصولاتی مانند باکتین، باسیتراسین، پراکسید هیدروژن، الکل یا روغن درخت چای نباید برای نظافت پرسینگ بینی استفاده کنید. این محصولات می توانند به پوست صدمه زده و فرایند درمان را طولانی کنند. از مواد آرایشی برای پوشش پرسینگ استفاده نکنید اجازه ندهید مواد آرایشی در تماس با پرسینگ قرار گیرند، چون در محل پرسینگ جمع و سبب عفونت می شود. این امر برای لوسیون ضد آفتاب نیز صدق می کند. تا هنگام ترمیم کامل پرسینگ، حلقه بینی را برندارید اگر حلقه برداشته شود، پرسینگ های بینی ظرف چند ساعت می تواند باز شود. سعی در جهت بستن مجدد می تواند سبب درد، تورم و عفونت شود. زمان ترمیم 12 تا 24 هفته طول می کشد. از رفتن به حمام، وان و استخر اجتناب کنید در این مکان ها باکتری های مضر خطرناکی وجود دارند که می توانند منجر به عفونت شوند. ولی از ضروری بود می توانید پرسینگ بینی را با نواری ضد آب پوشانده و از آن محافظت کنید. از خوابیدن روی پالشت یا پارچه کثیف اجتناب کنید بالشت کثیف دیگر منبع باکتری است، بنابراین مهم است بطور منظم بالشت تان را عوض کنید. از تماس غیر ضروری با پرسینگ اجتناب شود تنها زمانی که پرسینگ را نظافت می کنید به آن دست بزنید (البته بعد از شستن دست ها). لازم نیست رینگ را حین فرایند درمان چرخانده یا تکان دهید. Avete mai visti dei gattini stampati sui semafori al posto del verde, giallo o rosso? A Zelenogradsk, simpatica cittadina situata sul mar Baltico nei pressi di Kaliningrad (ovvero tra Lituania e Polonia), è possibile... Una sagoma di un micio nei vetri dei semafori scandisce l’amore di questa città per questi fantastici felini, amore tipico di tutta la Russia peraltro: in Russia, infatti, c’è la più alta percentuale di gatti per persona al mondo. Now that we are a month into the school year, you may be feeling a little more stressed as midterms approach. However, you can reduce stress if you stick to a plan that keeps both your mind and body fresh for when you need them most. The following are some tips for students seeking to live a balanced lifestyle: Get enough sleep: This is probably one of the most important things you can do to ensure both your mind and body feel fresh. It is recommended that you get 8 hours of sleep every night, but that depends on who you are. Some people feel like they only need 6 hours to feel energized for the day, and some people feel like they need 10 hours, regardless, find the amount of sleep that works best for you. While the amount of time one sleeps may differ from person to person, the time one goes to bed is crucial. Dr. Matt Walker is the head of the Sleep and Neuroimaging Lab at the University of California, and he states the time of day when you sleep drastically alters the structure and quality of your sleep. Individuals who consistently go to bed before midnight show higher sustained energy and attentiveness levels than those who do not. Sleep is very important to your health, so it is important to make it a priority. Eat a healthy diet: Eating a properly balanced diet can make you feel well, and powers your mind for when you need it. Ensuring you have a healthy diet starts by understanding when its important to eat. Breakfast should be the largest meal of your day as it will fuel you throughout the day. Instead of eating large portions, stick to having snacks spaced throughout the day. Avoid foods that make your blood sugar rise and fall rapidly as you will become tired quickly. Drink enough fluids! People forget to stay hydrated and its very important to keep that in mind as failing to do so can alter your mind’s clarity. It is recommended that you drink between 6 to 8 glasses of water a day, and if you exercise regularly that number increases dramatically. As they say, “you are what you eat”, making it crucial to fill your body with healthy choices. Exercise Regularly: This is often the most difficult aspect students struggle to find time for. Exercising isn’t only about keeping your body fit, it also sharpens your mind. Exercising can be a significant time commitment, but you can avoid that by doing simple things everyday. Walking is one of the easiest ways to get consistent exercise. Make it a priority to always walk to where you are going. Additionally, spending 10 to 15 minutes in the morning to stretch or perform some light yoga is also an excellent way to get your body and mind engaged for the day without wasting a large amount of time. Lastly, make it fun! Exercise doesn’t have to be a chore, it can be exciting and something you look forward to. Whether that involves joining an intramural team or going for a hike with some friends, there are a lot of fun ways to make exercising enjoyable. Make a Schedule: School can become overwhelming at times, but planning can help alleviate those feelings. Buy an agenda or some other scheduling tool so you can write down important dates and deadlines to ensure you are completing your work on time. Not only do planners help you to finish work on time, but they help to establish a plan for how you can go about finishing your work to the best of your ability. Prioritizing is essential to performing at your best when studying and making a schedule can help with that. Take some ME Time: While performing well in your classes is important, you have to make sure that you are not overloading yourself. Taking on too much can run you down and make you less able to accomplish the things you want. Thus, taking time for yourself to relax and enjoy your surroundings is equally important to maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Whether it’s hanging out with friends, or going for lunch with a buddy, taking time for yourself is essential to solidifying balance in your life. These are just some simple tips to keep in mind when trying to understand how to live a healthy balanced lifestyle. There are many other ways one can go about living a balanced lifestyle, but it’s important to recognize what that looks like for you. Understanding what works and doesn’t work for you is pivotal to fulfilling the healthy lifestyle so many of us desire. Sebastian Farkas is a fourth year honours politics student and Sports and Wellness Editor of the Athenaeum. Rating: 9,4/10 (5193 votes) Havana Capitol – Parliament building of Cuba. The Capitol was built at the very beginning of the 20th century, now the parliament sits in another building, and the Capitol has been turned into a congress center. Tourists and visitors are now free to roam most of the building's corridors. Previously, no one but members of parliament was allowed there. The building is made in the best traditions of the Renaissance, and partly repeats the outlines of the Capitol in Washington and St. Peter's Cathedral in the Vatican. The Capitol was built on the site of a drained swamp, where at one time there was a settlement of fugitive slaves. At the entrance to the main building you can see a huge statue of a woman with a spear in her hand – this statue is the image of all Cuba, We also recommend reading Fortress Del Morro in Cuba, resort of Havana Topic: National Capitol Building in Cuba, Havana Resort. March 29th is the date of an eight-year-old holiday that means so much to many of America’s oldest heroes. In 2012, the 50-year anniversary of the Vietnam War, March 29th was proclaimed as National Vietnam War Veterans Day. The date was chosen because on that day in 1973, the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV) was disbanded and the last US combat troops departed Vietnam. Over four years later on December 26, 2016, the Vietnam Veterans Day Coalition of States Council asked then-President-Elect Donald Trump and Congress to establish March 29th as Vietnam War Veterans Day. On March 28, 2017, President Trump signed the Vietnam War Veterans Recognition Act of 2017 which officially recognizes March 29th as National Vietnam War Veterans Day. The Act also made this day a flag flying holiday. To do our part in commemorating and appreciating the sacrifices made by so many brave men and women during the war, we’ve decided to highlight pieces of our catalog that serve as important keepsakes to anyone affected by the Vietnam War. 1. VIETNAM GRAVE MARKER Grave markers are a great way to honor those who served. These markers are placed next to headstones. They’re held up by flags or metal rods and mark the grave of someone who served. They’re an amazing way to show respect to heroes and let people know that here lies someone who was willing to make the ultimate sacrifice. Our grave markers come in bronze and aluminum finishes. 2. Miniature Flag (To hold up the marker) The miniature flags can be used in many instances, but for this one, they’re to be displayed atop grave markers. 3. The American flag It is an essential part of or our day to day lives, to mourn, praise, or simply show pride. Congratulazioni ai nostri concorrenti di Meltdown per aver superato la prima settimana della sfida! Ecco le classifiche delle squadre della settimana 1, elencate in base alla percentuale media di perdita di peso corporeo di ciascuna squadra per individuo: PERDITA DI PESO MEDIA DELLA SQUADRA: 1,33% - Wii non adatto: 2,72% - Autostrada sovradimensionata: 2,66% - Pelli d’aria: 1,85% - Barbie cardio: 1,76% - Sollevalo per perderlo: 1,59% - Bloccato e gonfio: 1,50% - Tonnellate di divertimento: 1,15% - Sassy entro l’estate: 0,97% - Toner scaduti: 0,957% - Meno squadra è di più: 0,956% - Slim-O-Knocker: 0,78% - Di nuovo sprecare: 0,40% - Fallo accadere: 0,0% SI FONDONO, MA NON SI BRUCIANO Sei nuovo nell’esercizio o è passato un po’ di tempo dall’ultima volta che hai indossato quei vestiti da ginnastica? Quei vestiti ti stanno ancora bene? Ecco alcuni suggerimenti per gli esercizi per iniziare il tuo viaggio dimagrante: - Inizia lentamente con qualsiasi esercizio. Andare troppo veloce e cercare di fare troppo e troppo presto può causare infortuni e arrendersi. - Crea obiettivi piccoli e fattibili. Si raccomanda che gli adulti lavorino fino a 150 minuti di esercizio moderato a settimana. Leggilo di nuovo: lavorare fino a 150 minuti. Non è tutto in una volta. Può suonare bene allenarsi cinque giorni alla settimana per 30 minuti ogni volta, ma è ragionevole o fattibile per te? Prova tre giorni a settimana per 15-20 minuti ciascuno. Man mano che il tuo comfort aumenta, puoi aumentare la durata, il numero di giorni o l’intensità. Puoi anche interrompere la sessione di esercizi durante il giorno: 10 minuti al mattino, 10 minuti a pranzo e 10 minuti al pomeriggio. Tutto sommato. - Aggiungi promem
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. Winnings from a lottery can be used for anything from medical care to sports team drafts. While it is a form of gambling, it is generally legal to offer prizes based on chance or promotional schemes that require consideration. A large percentage of lottery profits go to good causes, making it a popular way to support local charities. The lottery has many uses in modern society, from military conscription to commercial promotions to selecting jury members for elections. In modern times, a lottery must be legal to operate. Governments may also use lotteries to raise money for their own purposes, including raising revenue. In most cases, a lottery is legal in Europe. However, people should be over the legal age to enter. Regardless of how much one wishes to win, it is still a form of gambling. It is a form of gambling that raises money While a lottery is a form of gambling, the primary purpose is to distribute prizes and money to players. Lotteries can be both profitable and popular. While many state governments are skeptical of the benefits of lotteries, most allow them to raise money for good causes in the public sector. In essence, a lottery is a random drawing of tickets that results in the selection of a single winner or a group of winners. The results of a lottery can be extremely unpredictable, but the process is generally fair and efficient and can ensure a fair outcome for all participants. Lotteries have a long history in human history and are mentioned in the Bible. In the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, lotteries were commonly held in Europe. In 1612, King James I (1566-1625) of England established a lottery to provide funds for a new colony in Jamestown, Virginia. The popularity of lotteries grew and soon, lottery funding became tied to public use. The oldest lottery in the western world is the Staatsloterij in the Netherlands. The word “lottery” comes from a Dutch noun meaning fate. Şimdi bulacaksınız: - Pratik bir bakış açısından önemli olan özellikler, diş implantları olan XiVE'a ve son kullanıcıya ne verdiği - hastaya; - XiVE implantlarının başlıca avantajları nelerdir ve eksiklikleri hakkında önceden bilmek yararlıdır; - Bu implantları diş çekildikten hemen sonra takmak mümkün mü, birkaç haftada bir dişin “deliği” ile yürüme aşamasını ortadan kaldırır; - XiVE implantları iyi alınan köktür ve çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı reddinin istatistikleri nedir? - Üreticinin bu implantlar ve klinikler için ömür boyu garanti vermesi neden - sadece yaklaşık 2 yıl; - Ksive implantları üzerinde hangi fiyatlarda diş protezinin maliyeti olabilir. Almanlar yüksek kaliteli ürünleri ile meşhur olmuştur ve dental implantasyon ürünleri hiçbir şekilde bir istisna değildir. Özellikle, Almanya'da, diş implantları XiVE (Ksayv) bugün Rus diş hekimliğinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ancak, bu implantların gerçekten çok iyi olup olmadığını anlamaya çalışalım - aslında, aslında diş hekimleri onları övüyorlar ve genel olarak, örneğin orta ölçekli implantlara kıyasla bu kadar özel olan şey nedir? .. Basitçe söylemek gerekirse, Pahalı Alman implantları için fazladan ödeme yapmak ve bazı pratik faydalar sağlayıp sağlayamayacağını anlamlıdır. Bir notta XiVE implantları (bu arada, oldukça popüler implantlar olan Ankylos ve Astra Tech) endişe ile üretilmiştir - Dentsply Friadent. Şirket oldukça tanınmış ve 100 yılı aşkın bir süredir piyasada bulunuyor ve dental implantasyon alanında çalışma süresi de etkileyici - yaklaşık 40 yıl. Genel olarak, bir bilim olarak ve pratik bir etkinlik olarak diş implantasyonunun kendisi, geçen yüzyılın 60'larında ortaya çıkmış, biraz daha uzun bir süre vardır, dolayısıyla Dentsply'ın bu yöndeki gelişmenin kurucularından biri olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Belki de, eski yaratıcısı Dr. I. Brannemark'ın kontrolü altında dünyanın ilk implantlarını üretmeye başlayan sadece Nobel şirketi olacak. Bugün, Dentsply'ın 20'den fazla üretim merkezi var, ürünleri dünya çapında yüzlerce ülkede temsil ediliyor ve Rusya bir istisna değil.Implantlar XiVE nispeten yüksek fiyatlara rağmen gerçekten çok popüler. Toplamda, Dentsply şirket kataloğunda aşağıdaki XiVE implant modellerini bulabilirsiniz: - XiVE S plus - klasik iki aşamalı implantasyon için modeller; - XiVE TG - diş etlerinin insizyonu olmadan yapılan transgingival implantasyon için, ponksiyon yöntemiyle yerleştirilen implantlar (aslında diş etlerinin insizyonu olmadan dişlerin implantasyonunun bir tür reklam hilesi olduğunu akılda tutmak yararlıdır çünkü insizyon her neyse - sadece uzunlamasına değil, daireseldir, bu nedenle daha yumuşaktır ve dikiş gerektirmez); - Kemik dokusu, dar alveolar kret ve aynı zamanda ön dişlerin implantasyonu ile ilgili sorunlar olduğunda XiVE 3.0 da kullanılır. Şirket ayrıca, bu diş implantlarının, abutmentlerin ve yazılımların planlanması ve yürütülmesi sürecini otomatikleştirmenizi sağlayan yazılımların kurulumuna yönelik araçlar da sunmaktadır. Şimdi, XiVE implantlarının en önemli teknolojik özelliklerine bakalım - yani, geleneksel bir titanyum vidayı, kemik engrafisi ve estetiği açısından çok düşünceli bir hale dönüştüren tam olarak. XiVE implantların önemli özellikleri Bir diş implantı ne kadar pahalı olursa, kural olarak daha kullanışlı olan yapıcı çözümlerdir. Bazen farklılıklar önemsiz görünebilir (örneğin, ürünün yapıldığı titanyumda iz kirliliğinin varlığı) ve bazen bu farklılıklar oldukça açıktır - örneğin, implant üzerindeki ipliğin doğası. İmplantasyon zaten yapıldığı zaman, her detayın çene kemiğindeki dışsal, aslında metalik yapının kökü alacağı veya bitişik dokuların iltihaplanması ve implant reddinin başlayıp başlamayacağı üzerinde kesin bir etkisi olabilir. Öyleyse, XiVE implantları, teknolojik avantajları ve en önemlisi son kullanıcılara ne sunduğunu, diş kliniği hastalarının nasıl olduğunu görelim. Saf titanyum kullanımı Titanyum, vücudumuzla tamamen uyumlu bir metal olarak kabul edilir, yani normal koşullar altında reddedilmez. Bu özellik uzun zamandan beri fark edilmekte ve günümüzde cerrahide yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır ve sadece dental implantlarla değil - saf titanyumdan yapılmış implantlar alerjik reaksiyonlara neden olmaz, düzenli olarak hizmet verirler ve on yıllardır reddedilmezler. Bu arada, bazı implant üreticilerinin bir kısmı, bugün ilk nesil biyomateryallere ait olan alüminyum ve vanadyum (Ti-6Al-4V) ile titanyum alaşımı kullanıyor (diğer bir deyişle, malzeme eski ve daha az kullanılmıştı). Bir notta Bazı uzmanlar, alaşımdaki vanadyumun, yaşayan dokular üzerinde toksik etkilere neden olduğuna ve Ti-6Al-4V alaşımının saf alaşımsız titanyuma göre dokulara daha düşük yapışmaya sahip olduğuna inanmaya meyillidirler. İmplantlarda Ksayv sadece saf titanyum kullandı. Tabii ki, bu elbette bir artıdır, ancak implantların ve diğer pek çok markanın, orta fiyat kategorisinin ürünleri ve hatta "ekonomi" kategorisi de dahil olmak üzere saf titanyumdan yapıldığını da belirtmek gerekir. Özel implant iplik Xive implantların önemli bir tasarım özelliği, onların özel iş parçacığıdır. Genel olarak, modern dental implantların çoğu, dişli vidaları görünüşte andırır: oldukça sığ, ya da tersine, agresif veya kombine edilebilir, yani implantın farklı kısımlarında farklı olabilir. XiVE implantların kombine bir ipliği vardır: apikal kısımda, yani apekste,kemik dokusunun kesilmesine hizmet eder, merkezde ve dişin tabanında sığ ve daha az derindir, bu da hassas kemik sıkışması (yoğunlaşma) için gereklidir. Not: Uygulamada, implant bir ağaca vida gibi kemiğe vidalanır. Bundan önce, bir yatak oluşur ve çapı, implantın çapından biraz daha dardır. İyi, iyi düşünülmüş bir dişin görevi, implantın vidalanması ve bitişik süngerimsi kemiğin en uygun şekilde sıkıştırılmasıdır. Sonuç olarak, sözde sıkıştırma etkisi elde edilir - implant çevresindeki kemik yeterince yoğunsa, tasarım kurulumdan hemen sonra güvenilir bir şekilde sabitlenir. Aslında, implantın başarılı bir şekilde aşılanmasına ve daha fazla hizmete yönelik iş parçasının etkisi çok daha geniştir. Burada, kelimenin tam anlamıyla her şey önemlidir: iplik adımı, eğim açısı, derinlik ve diğer parametreler. Genel olarak, Ksive implantlarının ipliğinin, eğer söylenebilirse, güçlü noktaları olduğu belirtilebilir. Ayrıntılara girmeden, mevcut iplik çeşidi seçilmeden önce birkaç kopyanın (kopyalar koptu) (çalışmalar yapıldı) diyelim. Ve bu arada, bu açıklamalardan biri.XiVE implantlarının neden hem yüksek hem de uzun vadede bu kadar yüksek bir aşılama sürecine sahip olduklarını - ancak bundan biraz sonra konuşacağız. Gözenekli yüzey Diş implantlarının pürüzsüz bir yüzeye sahip olmadığı, ancak gözenekli olması uzun süredir norm olmuştur - bu implant ile kemiğin daha iyi iyileşmesi için gereklidir. Üstelik, diş çekme durumunda olduğu gibi, büyük şirketlerin her biri, bu gözenekliliği oluşturmak için kendi teknolojisini sunar (özellikle asitle aşındırma ve zımparalama malzemesi ile zımparalama). Ksayv implantları, örneğin, FRIADENT plus kaplamaya sahiptir: imalattan sonra, titanyum “vida” aşındırıcı işlem prosedürüne ve asitle aşınmaya maruz kalır. Sonuç olarak, metalik titanyumun pürüzsüz yüzeyi üzerinde mikro gözenekler oluşur ve ürünün etkili alanı önemli ölçüde artar. İmplant neden gözenekli bir yüzeye ihtiyaç duyar? Bir implant takıldığında, kemik dokusu oldukça kötü şekilde yaralanır, ancak sonra yavaş yavaş iyileşmeye başlar. Büyüyen hücreleri implant yüzeyinin mikro gözeneklerine nüfuz eder, böylece kemik tam anlamıyla titanyuma doğru büyür ve onunla bir olur.Bu sürece osseointegrasyon (implant ve kemik dokusu bağlantısı) denir. Özellikle, üretici patentli teknolojinin FRIADENT plus'ın kemik dokusunun hızlandırılmış bir hızda büyümesine izin verdiğini iddia etmektedir, bunun bir sonucu olarak, XiVE implantlarının aşılanma oranı bir dizi rekabetçi ürününkinden 1.5-2 kat daha yüksek olabilmektedir. Gerçekten de önemli bir avantaj. Bununla birlikte, buradaki rekabetçi ürünlerin, her şeyden önce, bazı ekonomik sınıf implantların, implantların özel yüzey işlemlerinin, her ne olursa olsun, pek çok marka için tipik olduğu ve uzun süredir artık bir yenilik olmadığı için, akılda tutulmalıdır. İmplant ve abutment altıgen eklem Ve yine de, reklam, bu tür bir implantın ve bir abutmentin, devrimci olarak bağlanmasını sunsa da, bugün birçok dental implant üreticisi tarafından kullanılan klasik bir bağlantıdır. Bir notta Abutment, implantın kendisi, çene içine implante edilen implant ile bu implant üzerine kurulan protez arasındaki geçiş kısmıdır.Abutmentin kalitesi ve sıkılığı, implant (ve protez) ile birleştiğinde, tüm yapının belirli bir dereceye kadar dayanıklılığını belirleyebilir. XiVE modellerinin tuhaflığı belki de iç hizinin nispeten derin bir yerinde. Bu, abutmentin güvenilir bir şekilde sabitlenmesini sağlar, mikro boşluklar olmadan çok sıkı bir şekilde uyuyor. Ve bu, sırayla, ağız boşluğundan bakteri ve gıda kalıntılarına karşı korur. Ksayv implantları üzerinde protezler - aslında hasta ne ödüyor? Genel olarak diş implantlarının özellikleri hakkında konuşmak gerekirse, bunların bir kısmının sadece reklam yoluyla da dahil olmak üzere bir dizi faktörün bir kombinasyonu ile popüler hale geldiğini belirtmek gerekir. Bununla birlikte, en önemli şey her zaman implantın kemiğe ne kadar iyi entegre olduğudur. (Yapının kurulumdan birkaç yıl sonra nasıl davranacağı özellikle önemlidir), ayrıca diş hekimleri-implantologların uygun implant sistemi ile çalışmasının ne kadar kolay olduğu. Bu bakımdan, pek çok uygulayıcı, XiVE implantlarının sadece iyi yerleşmediğini (istatistiklere göre, hayatta kalma yüzdesinin% 99.6 olduğu) değil, aynı zamanda işte en rahat olanlardan biri olduğunu belirtmektedir. Implantolog'un XiVE implantlarının gözden geçirilmesi: “İmplant sisteminde her şey en küçük ayrıntısına kadar düşünülmelidir - her bir kesici, her bir bur, implantın tasarımına tam olarak uymalıdır. Buna ek olarak, ürünün kendisinin kolayca ve hızlı bir şekilde açılabilen bireysel koruyucu bir şişeye yerleştirilmesi önemlidir - sadece bir saniyede, çünkü zaman koşuyor, yara açık, mikroplar fırlatılamıyor, bu nedenle paketi açarken mümkün olduğunca az zaman harcamalısınız. Renk kodlamasıyla da önemli bir rol oynar - her Xive modelinin kendine aittir. Bu, implantoloğun kesinlikle bir hata yapmamasını ve belirli bir hasta için doğru implantı seçmesini sağlayacak ek bir garantidir ... ” Şey, doktorların XiVE implantları ile çalışabilmeleri elverişli, ama hasta neyi alıyor? Basitçe, bu adam pahalı olan Alman implantları takarak parayı ödediği için mi? Eh, gerçekten açık bir şekilde hazırlıksız bir kişiye kadar çok önemli noktalar var. Örneğin, Ksive implantlarının, protezler sırasında çok yüksek estetik sağlanmasına izin vermesi önemlidir. Estetik, ilk etapta, diş etlerinin yeri tarafından etkilenir - dişin doğal olarak pürüzlendirilmesi gereklidir, mukozanın çevresi düzgün bir şekilde yuvarlak olmalıdır.XiVE implantasyonu ile ilgili olarak, bu, yumuşak diş etine bitişik boşluklar olmaksızın, sıkıca ve düzgün bir şekilde tasarlanmış abutmentler olan, düzgün bir boyun implantının varlığıyla elde edilir. Genel olarak, şirketin kataloğu, hastanın ömrünü büyük ölçüde kolaylaştıracak oldukça geniş bir abutment yelpazesi içerir: - TempBase Geçici Abutmentler: İmplantın kemiğe yerleştirilmesinden hemen sonra ve hemen bir geçici diş protezinin (dolaylı yöntemle, yani diş hekiminin koltuğuna yerleştirilmesiyle) hemen düzeltilebilirler. Sonuç olarak, hasta doktorun ofisini yeni bir dişle bırakabilir ve dişlemde bir “delik” ile birkaç hafta yürümeye gerek yoktur; - CERCON abutmentler: beyaz bir renge sahip, çok güçlü bir inert malzeme olan zirkonyadan yapılmıştır. Bu abutmentler, estetik açıdan önemli alanlar için çok uygundur - örneğin, ön dişlerin implantasyonu için, aksi takdirde aynı zirkonun tacı boyunca bir gri titanyum abutmenti parlayabilir. Ancak, XiVE katalogunda da bulunan klasik titanyum abutmentler, esas olarak gülümseme bölgesinde olmayan protez dişler için önerilmektedir.Aşağıdaki fotoğrafta zirkonya abutmentleri ve mukayese için titanyum abutmenti gösterilmektedir; - FRIADENT MP köprüler ve çıkarılabilir protezler için abutmentler - aynı anda birkaç krondan oluşan dental köprüler veya çıkarılabilir protezler eklemenizi sağlar; - Ayrıca dikkat edilmesi gereken tek şey AuroBase abutmentlarıdır - bunlar belirli bir hasta için yaratılır. Bu seçenek, protez sırasında zirkonya abutmentlerinin kullanılmasından bile daha fazla doğallık ve doğallık elde etmenizi sağlar. Aslında, XiVE implantları bu implantasyon sisteminin sadece bir kısmıdır ve abutmentlere ek olarak, implant tedavisi sürecini görselleştirmek ve planlamak için kullanılan yazılım dahil olmak üzere birçok başka önemli bileşen vardır. Ve bütün bunlar elbette, tedavinin nihai fiyatına da katkıda bulunuyor. incelemesi: “Hala ksayv implantları kurmaya karar verdi. İlk başta, fiyat utanç verici, bir şekilde pahalıydı, ama sonra hiç pişman olmadı. Kurulumdan sonra, hiçbir şey incitmez, implant periodontal hastalığın varlığına rağmen alışıktır. O zaman diş etleri çok iyi durumda değildi. Ve hiçbir şey, 3 yıldır ayakta duruyordu, üzerlerinde bulunan kronlar zirkonyayı seçti.Çok para verdiğim için, çok dolu, bu yüzden sonuç en iyisi ... " Ivan P., St. Petersburg Diş implantları XiVE artıları ve eksileri hakkında birkaç kelime Birazcık özetleyip “reklam gürültüsünü” filtreleyebilirsek, pratikte gerçekten önemli olan Ksive dental implantların aşağıdaki avantajlarını ortaya çıkarabiliriz: - implant engraftasyonunun azaltılmış terimleri; - Nispeten gevşek ve küçük hacimli kemiklerde bile iyi bir fiksasyon olasılığı vardır (örneğin, bu durum özellikle periodontitis veya periodontal hastalık için diş implantları); - İmplantın yeterince yüksek primer stabilitesi (sonuç olarak, yemek sırasında, çene kemiğiyle bile birleşmeden önce yanlışlıkla kayması daha az korku vardır); - implant, dişin çekilmesiyle eşzamanlı olarak monte edilebilir ve hemen bir protez ile yüklenebilir (ani yükleme ile implantasyon tekniği biraz daha az tartışılacaktır); - Protez sırasında gerçekten yüksek estetik elde etmeyi başarıyor; - Tedavi sürecinin bilgisayar simülasyonunu kullanarak, protezlerin sonucunu XiVE implantları üzerinde doğru bir şekilde tahmin edebilirsiniz; - Hem diş hekimlerinin hem de hastaların kendilerinin gözden geçirmesiyle yargılamak, tedaviden sonra iyileşme oldukça rahat ve genellikle komplikasyon olmaksızın; - Bazı durumlarda, önemli olan, protezin implantın takılmasından hemen sonra ortaya çıkmasıdır (bu özellikle ön dişlerin protezleri için önemlidir, çünkü hiç kimse onlarsız uzun bir süre gitmek istemez). Fakat bunların arasında, her şeyden önce, nispeten yüksek maliyetler olan XiVE implantları ve bazı dezavantajları vardır. Pek çok hasta 30 bin ruble veya daha fazla tek bir implantın kurulumu için ödeme yapmaya istekli değildir (farklı klinikler elbette farklı bir fiyat sunarlar - XiVE implantları için bir yer isterler ve daha fazlası). Ama buna ek olarak, maliyeti onbinlerce ruble olabilen yapay bir uzuv satın almak zorunda kalacaksınız. Buna ek olarak, XiVE implantlarının yüksek maliyeti nedeniyle, her klinikte çalışmaktan çok uzaktırlar ve bu implantlarda protez yapabilecekleri şehirlerinde diş hekimliği bulmadan önce çok çalışmak zorunda kalacaklardır. Uygulayıcı görüşü: “Tüm sorunları bir kerede çözebilecek mükemmel bir implant sistemi ve implant yoktur.Örneğin, aynı XiVE hakkında derhal bir implantasyon durumunda büyük molarların restorasyonu için mükemmel olduklarını söyleyebilirim. Ve gülümseme bölgesinde Astratech'i tercih ederim. Gerçek şu ki, doğru deneyimle, hem düşük maliyetli hem de en yüksek implant fiyatlarıyla iyi bir sonuç elde edebilirsiniz. Bu nedenle, hastalara tavsiyede öncelikle bir doktor seçilmeli ve bundan sonra - implantlar ”. Diş çekildikten hemen sonra XiVE implantlarının takılması Dişin çıkarılmasından hemen sonra, iyileşme deliği bölgesinde çene kemiği
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که اگر افراد نزدیکتان شما را ترک کنند، آشفته می شود؟ 4. آیا نگرانی های زیادی در مورد افرادی که مورد علاقه تان است و ممکن است شما را ترک کنند داشته اید؟ 5. از حملات ناگهانی اضطراب و حمله ی وحشت زدگی رنج می برید، زمانی که به این فکر می کنید که افراد نزدیکتان شما را ترک می کنند یا شما آنها را ترک می کنید؟ 6. ترس از این دارید که قادر به انجام کاری نخواهید بود اگر افراد نزدیکتان شما را ترک کنند؟ 7. ترس از این دارید که قادر به انجام کاری نخواهید بود اگر افراد نزدیکتان شما را ترک کنند؟ 8. از حملات ناگهانی وحشت زدگی و اضطراب در رنجید زمانی که از افراد نزدیکتان جدا شوید؟ 9. از این نگرانید که مبادا حادثه ای اتفاق بیفتد و شما را از افراد نزدیکتان جدا کند؟ به عنوان مثال شرایط کاری 10. نگران این هستید که ارتباطات شما با بعضی افراد به قدری صمیمی شود که باعث ایجاد مشکلاتی برای آنان شود؟ 11. هنگام بیرون بود از منزل (به مدت چند ساعت) احساس دشواری دارید؟ 12. در کیف تان چیزی همراه دارید تا به شما احساس امنیت و ارامش دهد؟ 13. اضطراب شدید قبل از ترک منزل برای رفتن به یک مسافرت طولانی مدت دارید؟ 14. از کابوس ها یا رویاهایی در باره ی جدایی از افراد نزدیکتان رنج می برید؟ 15. آیا استرس شدید قبل از ترک فرد نزدیکتان به هنگام مسافرت، دارید؟ 16. هنگامی که برنامه ی روزمره ی معمولی تان به هم می خورد، ناراحت می شوید؟ 17. علائمی نظیر سردرد، شکم درد، تهوع قبل از ترک برای رفتن سرکار یا دیگر فعالیت های بیرون از منزل را دارید؟ 18. آیا از کابوس هایی با موضوع بیرون بودن از منزل رنج می برید؟ 19. آیا زمانی که با افراد نزدیکتان هستید؟، احساس امنیت در خانه می کنید؟ 20. آیا دشواری های در خوابیدن به تنهایی در شب دارید؟ به عنوان مثال زمانی که شخص نزدیکی همراه شما باشد، خواب راحت تری خواهید داشت؟ 21. متوجه شده اید که زمانی بهتر به خواب می روید که فرد نزدیکتان با شما صحبت کند یا صدای تلویزیون یا رادیو بیاید؟ 22. آیا خوابیدن در حالی که چراغ ها در اتاق خواب یا هال روشن است، برایتان راحت تر است؟ 23. آیا سعی کرده اید از بودن به تنهایی در خانه اجتناب کنید مخصوصاً زمانی که افراد نزدیکتان بیرون هستند؟ 24. آیا برای اینکه افراد را نزدیک و صمیمی به خود نگه دارید، نیاز به صحبت زیاد با آنها دارید؟ 25. آیا افراد نزدیکتان به این اشاره داشته اند که زیاد صحیت می کنید؟ 26. نگرانی هایی در باره یافراد نزدیکتان که ممکن است دچار صدمه جدی شوند، دارید؟ 27. آیا از اینکه تغییری در برنامه ی روزمره تان ایجاد شود که منجر به اختلال در ارتباطات شما با افراد نزدیکتان باشد، ناراحت شده اید؟ Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.Join Britannica's Publishing Partner Program and our community of experts to gain a global audience for your work! LEGO, plastic building-block toys that rose to massive popularity in the mid-20th century. LEGO blocks originated in the Billund, Denmark, workshop of Ole Kirk Christiansen, who began making wooden toys in 1932. Two years later he named his company LEGO after the Danish phrase leg godt (“play well”). In 1949 LEGO produced its first plastic brick, a precursor to its signature brick with interlocking studs on the top and tubes on the bottom. It was patented in 1958 by Christiansen’s son Godtfred Kirk, who replaced his father as the head of the company. LEGO bricks soon caught on throughout Europe, and in 1968 the first LEGOLAND theme park opened in Billund (additional parks were later established in other locations internationally). In 1969 the company started selling the DUPLO line of larger bricks for young children who had trouble handling the regular LEGO bricks. Nine years later LEGO introduced Minifigures, the typically smiling yellow humanoids that became regular presences in the company’s themed play sets. MINDSTORMS products, which centre on a programmable robotics pack containing customized bricks, were first launched in 1998, and they went through multiple iterations of increasing complexity over the succeeding years. The basic LEGO brick has remained the same since it was patented, and this simple, child-friendly design has been credited with the toy’s longevity. As a result, these bricks have saturated the culture of childhood throughout much of the world. LEGO, which has remained in the Christiansen family for generations, was among the inaugural inductees to the U.S. National Toy Hall of Fame in 1998 and was named “Toy of the Century” by multiple authorities in 2000. LEGO blocks have been used to create everything from massive replicas of famous monuments (such as the Eiffel Tower and Mount Rushmore) to modern art. In the 21st century the LEGO brand spun off into multiple electronic games—including a series of popular Minifigure action-adventure games centred on famed pop-culture properties such as the Star Wars films, Batman, Marvel Comics superheroes, and the Harry Potter books—as well as The LEGO Movie (2014), a hit computer-animated feature film that also revolved around the exploits of Minifigures. One of the fan-favourite characters from that film, Batman, was the subject of a stand-alone spin-off, The LEGO Batman Movie (2017). Learn More in these related Britannica articles: Seymour Papert...later collaborated with the company LEGO on MINDSTORMS, a line of programmable toys in which customized LEGO bricks were embedded with tiny computers. The name was derived from Papert’s influential work Mindstorms: Children, Computers, and Powerful Ideas(1980).... Jørgen Vig Knudstorp...the Danish toy maker of plastic building blocks. By 2003 he was the company’s senior vice president of corporate affairs. When Knudstorp was named CEO in September 2004, he became the first person from outside the family of LEGO Group founder Ole Kirk Christiansen (or Kristiansen) to hold that position.... Toy, plaything, usually for an infant or child, and often an instrument used in a game. Toys, playthings, and games survive from the most remote past and from a great variety of cultures. The ball, kite, and yo-yo are assumed to be the oldest objects specifically designed as toys. Toys... Glossario de La Dottrina Segreta Glossario de “La Dottrina Segreta” ALCHIMIA - In arabo Ul-kemi è, come suggerisce il nome, la chimica della natura. Ul-kemi o Al-kimia, comunque, è solo una parola arabizzata, presa dal greco chemeia da 'chumos', 'succo', linfa estratta da una pianta. Secondo Wynn Westcott : 'Il primo uso dell'attuale termine ''alchimia' si trova nei lavori di Julius Firmicus Maternus, che visse all'epoca di Costantino il Grande. La Biblioteca Imperiale di Parigi contiene il più antico trattato di alchimia esistente e conosciuto in Europa; fu scritto in lingua greca da Zosimo il Panoplita nel 400 d.C. ed è seguito, cronologicamente, dal trattato di Enea Gazeo dell'anno 480 d.C.'. Esso tratta delle più sottili forze della natura e delle varie condizioni in cui operano. Cercando sotto il velo del linguaggio, più o meno artificioso, per dare al non iniziato un'idea di quel tanto di misterium magnum che si può affidare nelle mani di un mondo egoista senza correre alcun rischio, l'alchimista postula come suo primo principio l'esistenza di un certo Solvente Universale, dal quale tutti i corpi composti sono dissolti nella sostanza omogenea dalla quale essi si erano evoluti; questa sostanza egli la chiama oro puro o summa materia. Questo solvente, chiamato anche menstruum universale, ha il potere di eliminare tutte le cause di malattia dal corpo umano, di ridare la gioventù e di prolungare la vita. Tale è il lapis philosophorum (la pietra filosofale). L'alchimia fu introdotta per la prima volta in Europa da Geber, il grande saggio e filosofo arabo, nell'ottavo secolo della nostra era, ma era conosciuta e praticata molto tempo prima in Cina ed in Egitto. Sono stati scoperti, e conservati sotto il nome generico di trattati ermetici, molti papiri sull'alchimia, ed altre prove del fatto che essa fosse lo studio favorito dei re e dei sacerdoti (Vedi 'Tabula Smaragdina'). L'alchimia è studiata sotto tre distinti aspetti, che permettono molte interpretazioni differenti : il Cosmico, l'Umano e il Terrestre. Questi tre metodi sono simboleggiati da tre proprietà alchemiche - zolfo, mercurio e sale. Scrittori diversi hanno sostenuto che esistono rispettivamente tre, sette, dieci e dodici processi; ma tutti sono stati concordi nell'affermare che nell'alchimia esiste un solo scopo, e cioè quello della trasmutazione dei metalli vili in oro puro. Comunque, ciò che sia realmente quest'oro, ben poche persone lo comprendono in senso corretto. Non vi è dubbio che in natura esista qualcosa come la trasmutazione dei metalli inferiori nel più nobile, o oro. Ma questo è solo un aspetto dell'alchimia, il terrestre o puramente materiale, poiché, noi ci rendiamo logicamente conto che lo stesso processo ha luogo nelle viscere della terra. Eppure, oltre ed al di là di questa interpretazione, esiste in alchimia un significato simbolico, puramente psichico e spirituale. Mentre l'Alchimista-Cabalista ricerca la realizzazione del primo, l'Alchimista-Occultista, invece, sprezzando l'oro delle miniere, dà tutta la sua attenzione e dirige tutti i suoi sforzi solo verso la trasmutazione del quaternario inferiore nella triade superiore divina dell'uomo, i quali, quando finalmente sono fusi, diventano uno. In alchimia i piani spirituale, mentale, psichico e fisico dell'esistenza umana, sono paragonati ai quattro elementi : fuoco, aria, acqua e terra, ed ognuno è capace di una triplice composizione : fissa, instabile e volatile. Poco o niente è conosciuto dal mondo su ciò che riguarda l'origine di questo ramo arcaico della filosofia; però è certo che esso sia precedente alla formazione di qualsiasi Zodiaco conosciuto, e poiché si occupa delle forze personificate della natura, probabilmente è anche precedente a tutte le mitologie del mondo; nè vi è alcun dubbio che il vero segreto della trasmutazione (sul piano fisico) era conosciuto nei tempi antichi, e che esso fu perduto prima dell'alba del cosiddetto periodo storico. La chimica moderna deve le sue scoperte fondamentali all'alchimia, ma trascurando l'innegabile verità di quest'ultima, e cioè che esiste un unico elemento nell'universo, la chimica ha messo i metalli nella classe degli elementi e solo ora comincia a scoprire il suo grossolano errore. Perfino alcuni enciclopedisti si sono ora visti costretti a confessare che se la maggior parte dei casi di trasmutazione sono frode o illusione, 'tuttavia alcuni di essi sono accompagnati da testimonianze che li rendono probabili ... Tramite la batteria galvanica si è scoperto che perfino gli alcali hanno una base metallica. La possibilità di ottenere metalli da altre sostanze che contengono gli ingredienti che li compongono, nonché la trasmutazione di un metallo in un altro deve perciò rimanere imprecisata. Tanto meno devono essere considerati impostori tutti gli alchimisti. Molti hanno lavorato con la convinzione di ottenere il loro scopo con una pazienza inesauribile e con purezza di cuore, cosa vivamente raccomandata dagli alchimisti attendibili come il più importante requisito per il successo delle loro opere ' (Pop. Encyclop). جمهوری اسلامی ایران تنها دو ماه پس از پیروزی در عملیات ثامن الائمه (ع)، عملیات طریق القدس را در سال دوم جنگ (آذرماه سال 1360) با سرعت بسیار و بر پایه تحولات جدید و شور و هیجان ایجاد شده در کشور، به عنوان بزرگ ترین عملیات خود در مقیاس گسترده، طرح ریزی کرد. سازماندهی نیروهای داوطلب با انگیزه شهادت طلبی در سازمان سپاه و در آستانه فرا رسیدن ماه محرم، برجسته ترین ویژگی این عملیات بود. 8 آذر 1391-12:26:35 جمهوری اسلامی ایران تنها دو ماه پس از پیروزی در عملیات ثامن الائمه (ع)، عملیات طریق القدس را در سال دوم جنگ (آذرماه سال 1360) با سرعت بسیار و بر پایه تحولات جدید و شور و هیجان ایجاد شده در کشور، به عنوان بزرگ ترین عملیات خود در مقیاس گسترده، طرح ریزی کرد. سازماندهی نیروهای داوطلب با انگیزه شهادت طلبی در سازمان سپاه و در آستانه فرا رسیدن ماه محرم، برجسته ترین ویژگی این عملیات بود. با موفقیت عملیات ثامن الائمه (ع) که نشان داد طراحی و انجام عملیات های گسترده با سبک و شیوه جدید امکان پذیر است – فرماندهان سپاه و ارتش طی جلسات متعددی شرایط جدید را مورد بررسی قرار داده و مبتنی بر آن استراتژی جدیدی را تعریف کردند که سه هدف اساسی را دنبال می کرد: 1- انهدام هر چه بیشتر ماشین جنگی عراق. 2- دست یافتن به مواضعی مناسب جهت کم کردن خطوط پدافندی و نهایتاً آزاد سازی نیروهای خودی از پدافند به منظور افزایش توان خودی در عملیات بعدی. 3- آماده شدن برای انجام عملیات نهایی و آزاد سازی گام به گام مناطق اشغالی. مبتنی بر این استراتژی، دوازده طرح موسوم به «کربلا» تهیه شد که میزان تناسب توان خود با ظرفیت مورد نیاز منطقه عملیاتی، وضعیت زمین از جنبه نظامی و نیز اهمیت منطقه عملیاتی، از عوامل اصلی در تعیین تقدم هر یک از طرح های مزبور بود، بر همین اساس، پس از مباحث مختلف میان فرماندهان سپاه و ارتش عملیات طریق القدس به عنوان اولین گام از سلسله عملیات کربلا طراحی و به مرحله اجرا در آمد. اهداف عملیات مهم ترین اهداف عملیات طریق القدس عبارت بودند از : - آزاد سازی شهر بستان و بیش از 50 روستای منطقه - انهدام نیروهای دشمن در منطقه با استعداد بیش از یک لشکر - قطع ارتباط بین دو نیروی عمده در مناطق عمومی اهواز و دزفول - رسیدن به هور و امکان نفوذ در خاک عراق. علل انتخاب منطقه پس از پاکسازی منطقه اشغالی در شرق رودخانه کارون در عملیات ثامن الائمه(ع)، هنوز در جبهه جنوب سه منطقه در اشغال دشمن قرار داشت که عبارت بودند از :غرب روخانه کارون و شهر خرمشهر، منطقه بستان و سوسنگرد و منطقه غرب رودخانه کرخه. این مناطق از نظر وسعت، هدف، استعداد و گسترش نیروهای دشمن دارای موقعیت های متفاوتی بودند، بنابراین با توجه به توانایی و امکانات نیروهای خودی برای انجام عملیات، منطقه سوسنگرد و بستان برای عملیات انتخاب شد. موقعیت منطقه منطقه عمومی عملیات در شمال غربی اهواز قرار داشته و دارای زمین های مرتفع، پست و هموار می باشد که از شمال به ارتفاعات الله اکبر، میش داغ و تپه های رملی، در جنوب به رودخانه نیسان و هویزه، در غرب، از یک سو به دغاغله و رودخانه نیسان و از سوی دیگر، به رودخانه سابله و نهر عبید و روستای صالح حسن و از آن جا به سمت تپه های رملی در شمال امتداد می یابد و از شرق به هورالهویزه و تنگه چزابه و مرزهای بین المللی محدود می شود. زمین منطقه در شمال، رملی و از جنس ماسه های بادی است. سمت بیشتر ارتفاعات منطقه، از شمال غربی به جنوب شرقی و شیب زمین در مکان های مختلف، متفاوت است. رودخانه های این منطقه شامل رودخانه کرخه با عرض تقریبی 25 تا 400 متر و عمق 5/1 تا دو متر است که عبور از آن بدون استفاده از پل های موجود، غیر ممکن می باشد؛ رودخانه کرخه کور در حمیدیه که از رودخانه کرخه منشعب شده و تغییر مسیر می دهد؛ نهر سابله به عنوان شاخه ی جدا شده از کرخه و نهر نیسان به عنوان شاخه اصلی، جدا شده از کرخه که ابتدا به نام مالکیه وارد سوسنگرد شده و از آن جا به بعد نهر نیسان نامیده می شود. عوارض مصنوعی منطقه به این شرح بود: جاده آسفالته سوسنگرد - پله سابله- بستان؛ جاده معروف به تعاون که دشمن ساخته بود و از حد فاصل بستان – سابله به پل نیسان و به سمت جفیر امتداد داشت؛ میدان های مین و مواضع احداثی دشمن. آبادی های این منطقه شامل دهلاویه، بردیه، دغاغله، سابله، چزابه و دیگر روستاها می باشد. وضعیت دشمن ارتش عراق پس از ناکامی در تصرف سوسنگرد و پیشروی به سمت اهواز، در خارج از شهر و غرب سوسنگرد مواضع پدافندی خود را با استفاده از موانع طبیعی و مصنوعی در محور جابر حمدان در شمال رودخانه کرخه و محورهای دهلاویه، سویدانی و هویزه در جنوب کرخه به گونه ای مناسب تحکیم و تثبیت کرد. عراقی ها پس از عملیات ثامن الائمه (ع) و تحمل ضربه مهلک ناشی از آن، تمام توان خود را برای شناسایی تحرکات و مقاصد نیروهای خودی بسیج کرد و تا 60 درصد موفق به کشف این اطلاعات شد. اما به دلیل نقص اطلاعات، همچنان در تردید به سر می برد و در تجزیه و تحلیل خود به این نتیجه رسیده بود که یکی از راه کارهای احتمالی نیروهای خودی، تمرکز تلاش اصلی برای ع Dalla pubertà alla menopausa, tutte le persone con le mestruazioni sperimentano cambiamenti ciclici. Ormoni, ovaie, utero sono in prima linea in quello che viene chiamato il ciclo mestruale. Se, a parte le mestruazioni, hai solo vaghi ricordi della lezione di scienze che spiegava cosa succede durante il ciclo mestruale, siamo qui per aiutarti a capire meglio la prima fase mestruale, chiamata fase follicolare. Cosa succede nel tuo corpo, nella tua testa, i rischi della gravidanza e come vivere bene il ciclo... saprai tutto dopo aver letto questo articolo. IL CICLO MESTRUALE E LA FASE FOLLICOLARE 1.Tutto sulla fase follicolare - Le diverse fasi del ciclo: focus sulla fase follicolare Il ciclo mestruale si divide in tre fasi, più o meno lunghe, che sono: - la fase follicolare - l'ovulazione - la fase luteale La fase follicolare è quella che determina l'inizio del ciclo mestruale. Questa fase inizia il primo giorno delle mestruazioni e termina con il rilascio dell'ovocita, cioè la fase dell'ovulazione. Pertanto, la fase follicolare corrisponde alla maturazione del follicolo ovarico, detta anche follicologenesi. È importante sapere che non tutte le donne che hanno le mestruazioni producono un ovulo durante la loro vita. In realtà gli ovociti sono già presenti nelle tue ovaie, dalla tua nascita. Da più di un milione alla
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to 66 percent, especially in Asia and Africa. The World Health Organisation (WHO) says that nearly a billion people live in urban slums, shantytowns, on sidewalks, under bridges and along railroad tracks. While women living in cities may have easier access to primary health care, including hospitals, many governments have been unable to keep up with this rapid urban growth. One-third of all urban residents – over 860 million people – live in slums where they face lack of clean water and sanitation, alongside rampant malnutrition. Miles said that despite the progress made on reducing urban under-five mortality around the world, the survival divide between rich and poor children in cities is growing even faster than that of poor children in rural areas. In most of the developing nations surveyed, children living at the bottom 20 percent of the socioeconomic ladder are twice as likely to die as children in the richest 20 percent, and in some cities, the disparity is much higher. Robert Clay, vice president of the health and nutrition at Save the Children, explained that urban poor are more transient, as they tend to have unsteady jobs and living situations. In rural areas, many people at least have land and food, and a stronger support system within the community. “In urban areas this doesn’t exist. Urban cities are overcrowded by many ethnic groups living side by side so it’s a bit harder to bond, communicate and build trust. It’s the hidden population that is more problematic to reach,” Clay told IPS. He said lack of data makes it harder for charities like Save the Children, or national and municipal governments, to access these marginalised communities. The 10 developing countries with the largest child survival divide are Bangladesh, Cambodia, Ghana, Kenya, India, Madagascar, Nigeria, Peru, Rwanda and Vietnam. Among the 10 worst wealthy capital cities for child survival, out of the 25 studied, Washington D.C. (U.S.) was number one, followed by Vienna (Austria), Bern (Switzerland), Warsaw (Poland), and Athens (Greece). By looking at the mother’s index rankings of 2015, based on five criteria – maternal health, children’s well-being, educational status, economic status and women political status, Save the Children says that conditions for mothers and their children in the 10 bottom-ranked countries – all but two of them in West and Central Africa – are dramatic, as nations struggle to provide the basic infrastructure for the health and wellness of their citizens. “On average, in these countries one woman out of 30 dies from pregnancy-related causes, and one child out of eight dies before his or her fifth birthday,” Miles said. Globally, under-five mortality rates have declined, from 90 to 46 deaths per 1,000 live births. However, these numbers, says the organisation, mask the fact that child survival is strictly linked to family wealth, and miss addressing the conditions of poverty and unhealthy life of slums. Positively, the report has also uncovered some successful solutions found by governments to reduce maternal and infant mortality, and close the inequality gap between rich and poor children in their own countries. The most successful countries are Ethiopia (Addis Ababa), Egypt (Cairo), Guatemala (Guatemala City), Uganda (Kampala), Philippines (Manila) and Cambodia (Phnom Penh). “Ethiopia, which recently had accelerated economic growth, managed to develop effective targeting policies, and provided accessible preventive and curative health care for poor mothers and children,” Clay said. “[Ethiopia] should be a blueprint for other countries, which should bring access to communities in slums so that local people are not left behind,” he underlined, adding that hiring urban outreach workers who can go into the communities, speak the language of the people living there and understand their conditions and needs is vital. Save the Children is calling on national governments worldwide to find new policies and plans to invest in a universal maternal and infant health care, develop cross-sectoral urban plans, and reduce urban disadvantages, and to increase the focus on the Sustainable Development Goals in the post-2015 development agenda, concluded Miles. Edited by Kitty Stapp IPS is an international communication institution with a global news agency at its core, raising the voices of the South and civil society on issues of development, globalisation, human rights and the environment Copyright © 2021 IPS-Inter Press Service. All rights reserved. - Terms & Conditions You have the Power to Make a Difference Would you consider a $20.00 contribution today that will help to keep the IPS news wire active? Your contribution will make a huge difference. 最近天气真的很热,睡觉会被热醒?坐着都会流汗?由于天气炎热,不少人都会开冷气睡觉吧?原来这样会导致电费增加! 国能雪兰零售主任依斯迈拉迪菲表示,当局已确定需用电的热温饮水机会造成电费增加,尤其在热浪袭击我国这段期间。 他接受《马新社》访问时说,具备冷热功能的电器,如冰箱、冷气和需用电的饮水机都需要耗大量电力来维持温度;而在天气非常炎热的现下,配备压缩机(kompresor)的电器就更耗电。 “这意味着,在此期间打开冰箱门和从饮水机取冷水的次数越多,相关电器就需要耗费更多的电能,来维持低温。” 他举例,若饮水机蓄水槽的冷水被用完并被重新加水,那有关电器的压缩机就必须重新启动制冷功能。 “加水次数越多,压缩机运作的频率就越高,继而也导致电力消耗增加。” 依斯迈拉迪菲呼吁用户将冷气温度设在24度至26度之间,同时也设定计时器,以达到省电作用。 定期保养冷气机助省电 “用户受促使用冷气机上原本就有的计时设备,让冷气在凌晨约2时自动关闭,因气温在有关时段已下降;当然还要开启风扇,以维持房内的温度。” 他也建议用户定期保养冷气机,确保机器操作更有效和省电。 “至于家中没有安装冷气者,别忘了其他电器也需要电力驱动。” 查看更多关于新冠肺炎疫情新闻,可以点击此链接。 Like Rojaklah Facebook!不出门也能知天下事～ March 1948 Radio-Craft Wax nostalgic about and learn from the history of early electronics. See articles from Radio-Craft, published 1929 - 1953. All copyrights are hereby acknowledged. Every time I see one of these articles on 'modern' medial electronics it makes me think of the Star Trek IV movie titled, "The Voyage Home," wherein Dr. McCoy (aka 'Bones') intervenes as a 20th century brain surgeon is about to operate on Chekov - "My God man, drilling holes in his head is not the answer!" The 1948-vintage electrocardiograph featured in this piece looks like it was built from parts salvaged from World War II field gear. Having a doctor attach wires to you is scary enough, but back when the probes were powered by instruments using circuits with 200-300 volts of plate bias in them would add an extra level of anxiety. BTW, have you ever wondered how 'star dates' in Star Trek were determined? As it turns out, the system has not been consistent throughout the series from television and the movies then back to television. It began as a random number to avoid needing to specify a particular century and ended with a system that included which season the TV season was. Now you know. Electronics in Medicine - The Electronic Cardiograph Part I - The electronic cardiograph, its fundamental theory and notes on application methods By Eugene Thompson Courtesy Sanborn Co., Cambridge, Mass. A direct-writing type of electrocardiograph. Fig. 1 - Heart, in radio-style block Fig. 2 - Hookup of early equipment with Einthoven string galvanometer. Fig. 3 - Audio amplifier designed for the electrocardiograph's very low-frequency output. Fig. 4 - Recorder with a D'Arsonval galvanometer. How the cardiograph is used. Third electrode is over the heart. Medical electronics embraces all these electronic devices and techniques which are employed in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Among these techniques are electrocardiography, bleed pressure and pulse recording, photoelectric plethysmography, and photoelectric colorimetry. Electrocardiography equipment serves as a basic component for a number of the techniques. Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic sketch of the heart and the flow of bleed through it. It is essentially a four-chambered mechanical force pump. Its function is to pump deoxygenated blood, which is returned to it from the body via the veins, through the lungs, where it picks up a fresh supply of oxygen, and thence back to the body by way of bleed vessels known as arteries. The chambers of the healthy heart contract in a definite, orderly, and rhythmic sequence known as the cardiac cycle. The blood circuit Referring to. Figure 1, the cycle starts as a quantity of deoxygenated bleed empties into the right auricle. At this time this chamber is in its resting phase, or diastole, which lasts for 0.7 second. At the end of this filling period the right auricle contracts (systole), which lasts 0.1 second and forces the blood into the right ventricle. After doing this the auricle returns to its diastolic phase (0.7 second) to collect some mere deoxygenated bleed. Immediately after it receives the bleed from the right auricle, the right ventricle which has been in diastole for the past 0.5 second, undergoes systole. Ventricular systole lasts for 0.3 second and propels the deoxygenated blood through the lungs, where it becomes oxygenated, and back to the left auricle. This chamber in turn squeezes the blood into the left ventricle from whence it is pumped back to the body again. The time relationships for diastole and systole of the left auricle and ventricle are the same as these given for the right auricle and ventricle. The halves of the heart work together. The two auricles contract simultaneously, and then the two ventricles do the same. Each of course is ejecting a different type of blood. By far the most striking thing about the cardiac cycle is its rhythmicity. We now knew that the contractions of the heart are timed and controlled by nerve impulses which arise within the heart itself. It has been demonstrated by cathode ray oscillography that nerve impulses are electrical in nature. Consequently, as these impulses stream through the heart they leave the tissue through which they pass momentarily electronegative with respect to the rest of the heart and body. The resultant shifting of this electronegative area with the passage of the nerve impulse constitutes a minute electrical current which can be detected with the aid of sufficiently sensitive recording apparatus. The first practical electrocardiographic recorder was the Einthoven string galvanometer. The basic arrangement of this device is shown in Fig. 2. Although this type of recorder is still widely used, the modern trend is away from this design and toward the more versatile electronic recording system. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a typical electrocardiograph amplifier. Although all such amplifiers are not of push-pull design, this type is capable of doing everything that non-push-pull amplifiers can do, and has several additional advantages. Among the more important of these are: push-pull can handle signals of greater amplitude than single-channel amplifiers under the same operating conditions; the power output is greater; extraneous noises, such as those produced by x-ray or diathermy apparatus, feed into the amplifier 180 degrees out of phase and hence are bucked out to a large extent; second and all even-number harmonic distortion is reduced. Because the amplitude of the action potentials produced by the heart are 1 millivolt or less under normal conditions, an electrocardiograph amplifier must have high gain. In the unit shown in Fig. 3 this is accomplished by the 2 stages of push-pull amplification. Employment of pentodes rather than triodes results in a much higher over-all gain per stage. Furthermore, using the 6SJ7 is an excellent pentode in that it is possible to obtain a gain in the neighborhood of 80 to. 100 with relatively low operating voltages (plate supply voltage Another important characteristic of the heart's action potentials is their low frequency. This imposes the necessity for a long time constant in the amplifier and accounts for the higher than usual values of the interstage coupling condensers and grid lead resisters. One further complication is added because of the amplifier's low pass characteristics. An a.c. power supply cannot be used, because of two reasons. First, the a.c. on the filaments would appear on the record. Second, the d.c. plate and screen voltage would produce the same effect, unless the power supply were of such exceptional design that the ripple content would be of very negligible proportions. These difficulties are easily solved by using batteries for the filament supply, grid bias, and the plate and screen voltages. Two additional components are necessary to adapt the amplifier in Fig. 3 to the recording of electrocardiograms. These are: a means for picking up the heart's action potentials and feeding them to the amplifier, and a device for making a visual record of the amplifier's The method by which the heart potentials are detected is simple. Flat metal electrodes about 1 1/2 inches wide and 2 1/4 inches long are attached at various places on the surface of the body. These points are: (1) the left wrist; (2) the right wrist; (3) the left leg just above the ankle, and (4) any other point on the body. To make an electrocardiogram it is necessary to use at least two of the first three electrodes. The fourth electrode is also usually required as a ground connection to bypass extraneous noises. Any combination of two electrodes is known as a lead. Thus, the combination consisting of the left and right wrists is called Lead 1. Lead II is composed of the right wrist and the left leg, and the left wrist and the left leg comprise Lead III. A number of other leads are sometimes used for special purposes, but the 3 described here are the ones most commonly used. Each lead requires a separate amplifier. All three leads must be recorded to permit accurate diagnosis of cardiac irregularities. In clinical practice this is accomplished in one of two ways. Either three amplifiers are employed, thus recording all three leads simultaneously, or only one amplifier is used together with a switching arrangement which permits the selection of any desired lead, and the three leads are recorded in succession. The former method, although more costly in terms of equipment required is preferable because the effect of a single given irregularity in the cardiac cycle can be observed in all three leads. The electrodes are attached to the body by first preparing the desired area of skin by rubbing it with a paste containing an abrasive and salt, to enhance the electrical contact. The abrasive breaks the tough outer non-conducting layer of skin, reducing the skin resistance and minimizing polarization and other undesirable effects. The salt increases conductivity at the contact. The electrode is placed on the treated area and held in place with a rubber strap. A wire connected to the electrode goes to one of the input grids or, in the case of the ground electrode, to the ground terminal on the amplifier. This arrangement is satisfactory for detecting the minute potential differences between any two electrodes. After these potential differences are passed through the amplifier, a suitable recording device must be placed at the output terminals of the amplifier to produce a visual record of them. Present-day equipment uses one of two techniques to obtain this recording of electrocardiograms, either photographic or direct writing. In the photographic method, a small moving coil galvanometer with a tiny circular focusing mirror cemented to the suspension is employed as the recording unit. As the output signal from the amplifier is applied to the moving coil, the latter oscillates from side to side causing the mirror to move in step with it. A beam of light may thus be projected on a moving photographic surface which travels past it, making a permanent record. This system is illustrated in Fig. 4. Although it is widely employed at present this method has one great disadvantage. The film must be developed before the cardiologist can analyze it. In some cases, such as surgical operations, it is desirable that a visual electrocardiographic record be always available at the moment the heart produces it. A recent innovation, the direct-recording electrocardiograph, makes this possible. In place of the moving coil galvanometer, a light-weight, electromagnetically actuated recording arm is used. This arm moves back and forth much like the voice coil in a radio loud speaker. At its end is a small self-feeding inkwriter which produces a record on moving paper tape. An even more recent improvement is a heated wiring stylus which records on a specially prepared plastic surface. The interpretation of electrocardiograms is a task for a highly trained expert, an exhaustive discussion of this subject is obviously beyond the scope of this article. However, the foregoing will give the reader some idea as to the equipment employed in cardiac diagnosis. Other electromedical equipment will be considered in later articles. Courtesy Sanborn Co., Cambridge, Mass. Posted March 22, 2015 - 卡租车为您提供临自驾游的相关介绍以及引导服务。 临古称阳,1947年,氏、临晋相继解放。1949年2月15日,氏、临晋属晋南行署管辖。中华人民共和国成立后,属于运城专员公署。1954年由临晋县和氏县合并而成。2001年运城撤地设市后,临县属运城市管辖。位居黄河中游秦晋豫金三角地带,西临黄河,东望太岳,北屏岭,南面中条山,具有四千年烂历史,是华夏文明的发祥地之一。 临县自古物华天宝,人杰地灵。平万、
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是恩膏,那么捕捉选民的天使就可以与一位执行确认的主教或牧师作比较。 口译员注意到神圣印记的另一个可能的意义。 先知以西结说: “以色列神的荣耀从房屋门口的天使下降。 他打电话给一个穿着麻布衣服的人,腰带上有一个抄写器。 耶和华对他说,经过城中,在耶路撒冷的中间,对男人的额头叹息和喊,所有被从中间符号做了可的事“(结9 :. 3-4)。 希伯来语“Tav”希伯来语“Tav” 在希伯来文中,人们写的不仅仅是“做一个标志”,而是“做一个标志”,而希伯来字母的最后一个字母“ta”(tav)在古代被描绘成一个十字。 也许基督徒敌基督的时间的印记将意味着上帝会帮助他们的信心和耐心,经过多年的迫害基督徒的诚和忠诚造物主的个人交叉进行。 “打印赋予生命的十字区别于忠实错了,neposramlenno他们面前大胆,穿着基督的符号” - 写凯撒利亚的圣安德鲁。 “十字 - 在未来救的原型......意味着结束:最后一个字母 - 最后的选择的一个标志” - 涉嫌的父亲丹尼尔·锡索维,说明这个地方。 还有其他可能的解释天使的忠实印记的图片。 “打印这是在顶部的地图和神的恩典基督教教会的成员其中,改变他们的灵魂的选举,并改变他们的外貌 - 眉”, - 在解释圣经Lopuchin说。 其他教会作家谈论难的印章。 也有人在这里看到选举,祝福和上帝的保护。 许多人认为,这是基督教信仰的印刷,这将获得在年底的时候,犹太人,根据使徒保罗的预言(罗:9 11 :.)。 在这一观点,即印在犹太人的信徒,也表明在以色列支派的转移7章随后的(见启:7 4 :. - 8)。 额头上的印记(神的名字)可能意味着永久的记忆主,与不断交往 如果你将Rev. 7:Open的2-3。 22:4,其中救恩说,“他们将看到他的脸,他的名字将在他们的额上”,那么,根据我们的额头上注释家,印刷(神的名称)可能意味着主,与他不断的关系,应急的永久记忆亲近造物主,对不可消除的爱。 所以,这就是我们对神圣印记圣经形象的不同理解。 看来,这首先是应该担心的信徒:上帝的印章是什么,如何接受和保存。 但是,可惜的是,我们有时候比基督更感兴趣的是敌基督的恐怖。 我记得在后期1990-X Kuraev父亲安德鲁说,在很多城市的问题:“基督啊,会说反基督者或” - 人民一致回答:“反基督者”,我认为,如果现在西装挂一个城市的两张海报的:“著名的神学家N值将给出一个关于基督讲座”和“反基督者的著名神学家NN讲座”从神学家NN会有很多倍的听众。 事实上,教会意识的这种疾病与缺乏对基督的爱有关。 从他的圣经,在礼仪中频繁参与,对于戒律的实施精神工作真正感兴趣的愈合,并仔细研究他们的信仰。 在启示录的解释教会,因为它是安全的可以列出书籍阅读需要为每一个正统的人。 而除了13章,其中讲述了兽的印记,你要尽可能多的注意力引向头部和7玉,讲述了全能打印的故事。 有这印记的人不会接受敌基督的印记,真正爱的基督永远不会改变他的爱。 The Niantic, or in their own language, the Nehântick or Nehantucket, were a tribe of New England Native Americans, who were living in Connecticut and Rhode Island during the early colonial period. Due to intrusions of the Pequot, the Niantic were divided into an eastern and western division. The Western Niantic were subject to the Pequot and lived just east of the mouth of the Connecticut River while the Eastern Niantic became very close allies to the Narragansett. The division of the Niantic became so great that the language of the eastern Niantic is classified as a dialect of Narragansett while the language of the western Niantic is classified as Pequot-Mohegan. The Niantic were an Algonquian speaking people, speaking an Algonquian Y-dialect, similar to their neighbours the Pequot, Montauk, Mohegan, and Narragansett. The tribe's name "Nehantic" (Nehântick) means "of long-necked waters" believed by local residents to refer to the "long neck" or peninsula of land now known as Black Point; located in the village of Niantic, Connecticut. The Nehântics spent their summers fishing and digging the shellfish which were once abundant there and for which the area is famous (see Millstone Nuclear Power Plant). They lived on corn, beans, and squash, supplemented by hunting, fishing, and collecting. Conflict broke out between the Niantic and their colonial neighbors, leading to punitive military expeditions that dealt out massive destruction in contrast to the rather limited incidents that had provoked the conflict. As the violence became more widespread it evolved into the Pequot War in 1637. This conflict resulted in almost total destruction of the Western Niantic, whose roughly 100 remaining members merged into the Mohegans and Pequots. There are members of these tribes who can trace their ancestry back to Nehântick members, especially in the vicinity of Lyme, Connecticut. Some of the Niantic who joined the Mohegan and Pequot fled west and joined the Brotherton Indians to escape further English harassment. Following King Philip's War (1675–76), surviving Narragansett fled to the Eastern Niantic in such great numbers that the tribe became known as the Narragansett, however, many modern-day Narragansett have significant Niantic blood. By 1870, the Nehantics were declared extinct by the state and their 300-acre (1.2 km2) reservation, the Black Point peninsula of East Lyme, was sold. In 1886, their burial ground was sold and desecrated, and the Crescent beach community filled over it. As recently as 1988, Nehantic skeletal remains were uncovered by new construction. The East Lyme Public Library has some information, mainly as small booklets that were researched and written by local historians and that reference Mercy Matthews and many other Nehantic Indians. In 1998, about 35 Connecticut families claiming Nehantic descent incorporated as a nonprofit association, the Nehantic Tribe and Nation, established a three-person governing board, researched their history more fully, and began the petition process of seeking recognition from the federal government as an Indian tribe. - Moseley, Christopher and R. E. Asher, ed. Atlas of the World's Languages. (New York: Routelege, 1994) Map 3 - Libby, Sam (2 August 1998). "Now the Nehantics Ask U.S. Recognition". The New York Times. p. 9. - Hodge, Frederick W. Handbook of North American Indians. Washington, DC.: Government Printing Press, 1910. - Sultzman, Lee (1997-07-15). "Niantic History". Retrieved 2012-11-04. - Swanton, John R. The Indian Tribes of North America. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 145. Washington DC.: Government Printing Office, 1952. On May 25, 1986, Chester Bowles, a Connecticut governor, Congressional representative, ambassador, and author, died in Essex, Connecticut. Bowles was elected the 61st governor of Connecticut in 1948, serving for one term. A liberal Democrat, he was able to end segregation in the State’s National Guard. He also made contributions to Connecticut in the areas of housing, childcare, and welfare as well as in improvements to workmen’s compensation benefits. Chester Bowles also served the country as undersecretary of state and was John F. Kennedy’s representative and adviser for Asian, African, and Latin American affairs. He was the US ambassador to India in the 1960s. The section of Route 9 from I-95 in Old Saybrook to I-91 in Cromwell was named the Chester Bowles Highway in his honor. 银河系中心黑洞的首张照片是这样做成的。EHT合作组织提供 继2019年人类历史首张黑洞照片发布后,又一张黑洞照来了!北京时间5月12日21时07分,银河系中心黑洞人马座A*(Sgr A*)的首张照片在中科院上海天文台揭开了面纱。 全球其他5个城市(比利时布鲁塞尔、智利圣地亚哥、中国台北、日本东京、美国华盛顿)也都与上海同步公布了这张令天文学家兴奋的照片。 《天体物理学杂志通信》于5月12日以特刊的形式,通过10篇论文发表了有关黑洞照片的这一重大结果。这个黑洞距离地球有二万七千光年之遥,质量超过了太阳质量的四百万倍。 Sgr A*是黑洞有了“实” 这张黑洞照片是由“事件视界望远镜(EHT)”项目组织实施获得的。EHT把地球上的8台射电望远镜组合起来,形成了一个口径如地球大小的“虚拟”望远镜,为科学家们提供了研究宇宙中最极端天体的新手段。 黑洞是一种密度极大的天体,具有非常强的引力,在它周围的一定区域内,连光也无法逃逸出去,这一区域的最大边界被称为“事件视界”。实际上,EHT观测的就是黑洞的“事件视界”。 科学家之前已观测到众多的恒星围绕着银河系中心一个不可见的、致密的且质量极大的天体运动。今天发布的照片就给出了该天体就是黑洞的实证,为理解这种被认为居于大多数星系中心的“巨兽”的行为提供了宝贵的线索。 因为距离地球实在太远,这个黑洞的大小看上去与从地球上看38万千米远月亮上的甜甜圈大小差不多。为了给它拍这张照片,EHT对Sgr A*开展了多次夜间的观测,每次连续采集好几个小时的数据,如同相机的长时间曝光。 这是EHT合作组织继2019年发布人类第一张黑洞照片,捕获了位于更遥远星系M87中央黑洞(M87*)之后的又一重大突破。 尽管M87*比我们银河系中心的黑洞大1500多倍,也重1500多倍,但两个黑洞看起来格外相似。 “它们来自两种不同类型的星系,且具有极不相同的黑洞质量,但当我们聚焦在这些黑洞的边缘时,它们看起来神奇地相似。”来自阿姆斯特丹大学的理论天体物理学家、EHT科学委员会联合主席Sera Markoff教授说,“这告诉我们靠近黑洞的物体完全受广义相对论支配,我们在远处所看到的不同表象是由黑洞周围物质的差异造成的。” 比人类首张黑洞照片更难“拍” 尽管Sgr A*离我们更近,这张照片“拍起来”要比人类首张黑洞照片艰难得多。 来自斯图尔德天文台、亚利桑那大学天文系和数据科学所的EHT科学家Chi-kwan Chan解释道:“黑洞周围的气体均以几乎接近光速绕着Sgr A*和M87*高速旋转。气体绕转M87*一周需要几天到数周时间,但对相对小很多的Sgr A*来说,几分钟内气体即可绕转一周。这意味着在EHT观测Sgr A*时,该超大质量黑洞周围绕转气体的亮度和图案也在时刻快速变化着,有点像给一只正在追逐自己尾巴的小狗拍张清晰照片。” 来自中科院上海天文台的EHT合作成员路如森说:“确实,对银河系中心黑洞首次成像观测的数据分析耗费了EHT合作团队的巨大心血。”另一位来自上海天文台的EHT合作成员江悟补充道:“研究团队遍历了极大的成像参数空间,才得以确定这张黑洞照片。” 科学家对最终获得两个不同大小黑洞的照片尤其兴奋,这为他们的对照研究提供了条件。他们已经开始用这些新的数据来检验超大质量黑洞周围气体行为的相关理论和模型。 未来EHT的观测研究的脚步不会停止,科学家的野心是在不久的将来拍摄一部黑洞“电影”。 “拍摄一部银河系中心黑洞的‘电影’,是下一代EHT的追求。”来自中科院上海天文台的EHT合作国内协调人沈志强说,“我们正在规划建设中国的亚毫米波VLBI望远镜,以期参与到对Sgr A*的24小时不间断的接力观测中。” In the very back of the American Writers Museum there is a corner where two walls meet, each filled from top to bottom with words, seemingly random. The light is low, and people gather as a projector illuminates these words to highlight quotes from famous authors and create shapes such as rolling waves and the distinct torch of the Statue of Liberty. Every eight minutes it refreshes itself and is mesmerizing to watch. It creates meaning out of disorder, ever-changing both in perspective and content. It is often said that as we further advance our culture we stand on the shoulders of giants. Carey Cranston (iSCHOOL ’05), president of the museum, might argue that it is not their shoulders we stand on, but their words. “The written word is what this country was founded on,” said Cranston. “It is a unique part of our culture and our history. From the Declaration of Independence on, the written word has moved this country.” It seems only fitting that writing, then, so powerful a force in our culture, has a museum dedicated to celebrating it. After nearly a decade of planning, the American Writers Museum opened on Michigan Avenue in 2017. The museum includes permanent exhibits that trace how, over time, an American voice has developed. All types of writing are represented — from novels to sportswriting, comedy to poetry. Interactive exhibits feature video from experts discussing common threads that tie this multitude of voices together, such as the exploration of identity, the notion of independence, and the promise of being American. There are also two temporary exhibit spaces where visitors can dive more deeply into an artist or genre. The curators have created immersive exhibits such as the one dedicated to the words of W.S. Merwin, a two-time Pulitzer Prize-winning poet who also cultivated one of the world’s largest and most diverse collections of palm trees on his land in Hawaii. The museum filled the space with palm trees and the ambient sound of rainfall, while visitors listened to Merwin’s poetry. Recently the museum also featured the powerful activism of Frederick Douglass, a man who escaped slavery to become one of the abolitionist movement’s most important leaders. He is best known for his enduring autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, as well as the hundreds of speeches he wrote and delivered advocating for equality. “One of the things [Douglass’] story tells us is that being able to read — and sometimes more importantly, being able to write — gives people power. Authorship leads to authority,” said Cranston. “If you can read, you can learn; if you can write, you can tell your story. And, if you can shape your own story, you can ultimately make decisions about who you want to be and what you want to do.” The next exhibit being planned will feature — and is curated by — modern immigrant and refugee writers. Cranston points out that it is important to have multiple curators for an exhibit in order to avoid having a singular voice. “These authors are writing the words that shape the narrative, like Frederick Douglass did, of who we are as a nation,” said Cranston. Cranston grew up in Homewood in a family that loved reading — dad read history, mom read mystery, and Cranston and his brother passed tattered comics back and forth between them. Cranston spent years working as a bookseller at Kroch’s and Brentano’s on Wabash before earning undergraduate and master’s degrees in literature from DePaul and the University of Illinois at Chicago and a master’s in library and information science from Illinois. He spent much of his career in higher education administration before returning to his original muse and taking the position at the museum. “We have exhibits that celebrate the past and its influence on us,” said Cranston. “We have programs that help promote the present. Those two things are really meant to help us inspire the future. I want people to leave the museum wanting to write, wanting to read — but most of all, I want them to think about how engaging with the written word is fundamental to our collective identity.”This story was published . Un'azienda high-tech della regione di Sverdlovsk ha assicurato l'accuratezza della misurazione dell'elettricità tra i sistemi energetici del Tagikistan e dell'Afghanistan AY-TOR, il campione regionale della regione di Sverdlovsk, in condizioni di alta montagna e terreno difficile, ha fornito un'accurata misurazione dell'elettricità ai valichi transfrontalieri utilizzando stazioni di misurazione commerciali autonome della serie i-TOR da 110 e 35 kV, sviluppate dagli ingegneri degli Urali . Nel novembre 2021 si
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scientific finds. During its first year on Mars, Curiosity succeeded in gathering evidence in the Gale Crater that showed how Mars once had conditions favorable to life. This included ample evidence of liquid water, all the chemical elements needed for life, and even a chemical source of energy. By scaling Mount Sharp and examining the layers that were deposited over the course of billions of years, Curiosity is able to examine a living geological record of how the planet has evolved since then. Luckily, the rover’s wheels seem to have more than enough life to make these and (most likely) other scientific finds. Further Reading: NASA – Mars Exploration A new study by a team of NASA scientists indicates that Venus could have been habitable for billions of years... It seems that comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko is not the stoic, unchanging Solar System traveller that it might seem to be. Scientists... JAXA recently released photos of their Hayabusa2 mission deploying target markers to the surface of the asteroid Ryugu. Radar evidence shows that geysers on Enceladus are ejecting water that turns to snow. The snow not only falls back... Elon Musk just released new images that showcase the progress being made on the Starship prototypes About 466 million years ago, there was an asteroid collision in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The collision... Boeing has patented a "fire-retarding artillery shell," in what could be, at the very least, a unique innovation in aerial firefighting. Currently, aerial firefighting makes use of helicopters and airplanes to transport firefighters and smokejumpers, provide reconnaissance on new fires, and to drop fire retardant. But as Boeing notes in its patent, which was filed in 2014 and only made public last month: In order to establish an aircraft-delivered firebreak for a relatively small 28-acre fire, it would take approximately 7.6 hours to deliver a required 6,469 gallons of fire-retarding material. During the 7.6 hour time period, the relatively small 28 acre fire has the potential to grow and burn an estimated 100 acres of land. If there's one technology that has been developed with a focus on speedy delivery, it's artillery. What we'd consider a modern exploding artillery shell was first developed in 1850 and has only increased in speed and efficiency ever since. A single artillery gun outfitted with fire-retardant shells might not be able to match the delivery size of a plane drop, but adding guns could speed up the firefighting effort faster than adding planes. Or the two could work in tandem: a large drop could be made initially, with fire-retardant shells coming in afterwards to smooth out all the missed edges. Better yet, it doesn't look like these firefighting shells would require a whole new delivery system. If Boeing is creating shells that could fit into current artillery guns, you can almost imagine some older models being put to work as firefighting tools. Artillery guns are already used to trigger avalanches on occasion. And as an added bonus, incoming shells should have no problem dealing with any pesky drones that might be at the scene. Salivary gland cancer & thyroid cancer are often grouped together as head & neck cancers. However, both cancers are different and affect different areas of the body. Salivary gland cancer is a rare cancer accounted for 0.5% of the reported cancers in Malaysia between years 2007-2011 (National Cancer Registry). Salivary glands help break down food with enzymes produced in the saliva. It also helps to prevent mouth and throat infections. There are a cluster of salivary glands located in the mouth and the throat. Most commonly referred to are these 3 major types of salivary glands, - Parotid glands are the largest salivary glands and are located at both sides of the face. In most cases, tumours found in these glands are benign. - Submandibular glands are located under the jawbone. - Sublingual glands are found underneath the tongue. Tumours found here are often malignant (cancerous). Thyroid cancers begin in the thyroid gland located in the front of the neck. This cancer occurs more commonly amongst women and in Malaysia, females are approximately 68% more likely to get thyroid cancer than males (National Cancer Registry). Thyroid gland produces hormones in the body that regulates a person’s metabolism. The most common types of thyroid cancer is papillary thyroid cancer and follicular thyroid cancer. Both types develops in the follicular cells of the thyroid gland and grows slowly. However, papillary thyroid cancer often spreads to the lymph nodes, while follicular thyroid cancer rarely spreads to the lymph nodes. In some case, salivary gland cancer patients do not experience any signs and symptoms but when they do, below are the following telltale signs of salivary gland cancer, - Pain or swelling in the face, chin, jawbone area or neck - A lump on the face, mouth or neck that is usually painless - Numbness on the face - Progressive facial muscle paralysis where the same area slowly swells up For people with thyroid cancer, it is common to have few or no symptoms at all until it is unintentionally found during routine health checkups through x-ray imaging scans. However, the following are common symptoms presented in thyroid cancer patients, - Swollen glands in the neck - A lump in the front of the neck near the Adam’s apple - Pain in the throat or neck - Hoarseness of the voice - Difficulty swallowing and/or breathing Staging of cancer is to describe the location of the cancer, where the cancer might have spread to and whether it is affecting other parts of the body. Below is a table that describes each stage. When detected early, salivary gland can often be cured. During the treatment planning process, the oncologist will have to consider the treatment impact on the patient’s quality of life, preferences and overall health. Surgery is the first recommended treatment option to completely remove the tumour. For salivary gland cancer, surgery to remove the parotid gland is an option, it is call parotidectomy. This type of surgery may include resecting the facial nerves if the cancer had spread there, if so a nerve graft will be necessary. If the cancer had spread to the lymph nodes, a neck dissection will be performed to remove the tumour entirely. Occasionally, but rarely, the tumour can be removed endoscopically which is less destructive to the healthy tissues. This option is used when the tumour begins in the paranasal are around the nose. Other treatment options are radiation therapy & chemotherapy. Surgery option for thyroid cancer is to consider removing the affected lobe. This surgery is call lobectomy. Depending on the advancement of the disease, a near-total thyroidectomy will be considered if the cancer had spread. This surgery type removes almost all but a small part of the thyroid gland. A total thyroidectomy is an option where the entire thyroid gland is removed. After the surgery, patients are required to undergo hormone treatment to replace the hormones the body needs. Radiation and chemotherapy are the next treatment option. What causes salivary gland cancer is still unknown. Demographics and data shows that in most cases, people who are above 60 are at higher risk of having salivary gland cancer. Environmental or occupational expose to chemicals, pesticides and/or radiation could also result in developing salivary cancer. As for thyroid cancer, gender, age, race and genetics are a risk factor. Diet low in iodine can also hamper the normal function of thyroid. Radiation exposure can put one at risk for developing cancer thyroid as well. Grace Brannen never thought she’d be student teaching from a pingpong table in her family’s basement, positioning herself against a wall so no one would walk behind her with a basket of laundry. She didn’t expect show-and-tell might include a student showing the inside of his fridge, or his mom sleeping after working all night. Young students had to be taught that if you whisper on Zoom, others can hear you. The special education major taught K-8 remotely at Clara Barton Elementary in Chicago. Before school began, she traveled with other teachers to students’ homes to help set up Wi-Fi. While still working at 11 p.m., one student asked them if they were going to sleep there, and asked if she wanted to play the video game Fortnite. This is the new world for student teachers, where they see into students’ lives, meeting families and pets, including bearded dragons. “I love my kids,” Brannen said. “They are so sweet. I’m happy every morning. I roll out of bed, go to the basement, log in, and start teaching. They motivate me.” The majority of her 12 students have autism. Even muting and unmuting the computer, without a parent nearby to help, has to be taught. Because it’s more difficult to tell if a student is understanding a lesson, she takes things slower. Students have a hard time sitting online all day and have sensory needs, so she gives them “slime breaks,” time to work with the stretchy goo to de-stress. Dr. Christy Borders is director of the Cecilia J. Lauby Teacher Education Center. Last summer she was closely following school districts as they struggled with what back to school was going to look like. It was critical that seniors get their student teaching in. And they did, teaching face-to-face, hybrid, and remote. “We had to figure out how do we not have this be a stopping point for our teachers,” she said. “It’s amazing; they’re all having different experiences but they’re learning from each other. It’s not that we didn’t know educational technology was important, but now it is a priority. There isn’t a program on campus that isn’t making sure that students are prepared for fully online instruction. We didn’t even know to ask that question this time last year. COVID is a horrible thing, but it really lit a fire under the ways we needed to change and we needed to change overnight.” Brad Smith ’10 is working on his master’s in neuroscience and physiology, with plans to teach high school. He co-teaches biology at Normal Community High School with as many as 30 students in remote and hybrid classes. “It’s a lot different but that doesn’t mean it’s a bad thing,” he said. “All of the teachers, even those nearing the end of their career, have really stepped up their technology game. It’s impressive.” It’s challenging to teach when you can’t read a student’s body language, he said, noting most of his students don’t have their cameras on during class. “That’s such a huge driving force behind how a lesson goes. You look out and if you see blank stares, you know you have to revisit something.” Instead, he relies on students who speak up or type in the chat function. He also mixes up his teaching methods, from pre-recorded micro lectures to interactive games. “If you use only one method, you’re not reaching all of them. This semester I’ve used the textbook maybe once or twice. It’s incredibly important they’re seeing science around them and understand science doesn’t just take place in the classroom.” And he approached the semester with what’s most important during a once-in-a-generation pandemic. “My thought going into this semester was to reduce their anxiety, make them feel accepted, have a little fun, and then teach them something. It’s really about making students feel safe and cared for.” Some students aren’t comfortable in an online environment and don’t want peers to see into their home lives. That’s why Smith provided a lot of flexibility with recorded lessons. Borders said knowing a little more about a student’s home life is a throwback to a time when teachers made home visits. “They’re getting to know students in a way teachers haven’t had access to in a really long time. They’re learning more of the social/emotional side. It’s going to make for better teachers because they’re reconnected with the emotional part of teaching, which typically is what carries us all through.” “ISU grads are highly sought after. And with this experience, the sky’s the limit.” — Dr. Christy Borders Only student teachers were sent into schools this fall. The other 2,000 education students doing clinicals joined classrooms online, watched videos of nationally board certified teachers, and tutored local K-12 students in a free e-tutoring program the College of Education created. December graduates are ready, she said. “Our fall student teachers are being hired and will have their own classrooms a month from now and they won’t be scared. They’re as prepared as teachers who have been teaching many many years and that’s a cool place for them to be. Every teacher was a first-year teacher this year because no one was prepared for this. Our field has really show that we can bend in the storm.” The job market is excellent, she added. Before the pandemic there was a nationwide teacher shortage, and she’s heard as many as 40 percent of eligible retires are expected to retire next spring. “ISU grads are highly sought after,” she said. “And with this experience, the sky’s the limit.” Apply now for fall 2021. IllinoisState.edu/Admissions. Nota: Stai modificando un prerequisito per la guida che stavi visualizzando. Tutte le modifiche avranno effetto su tutte le 5guide che includono questo passo. Traduzione in corso passo 4 - Using a Phillips #000 screwdriver, remove the ten 4 mm screws around the battery. - Slide a plastic opening tool under the bottom of the battery close to the speakers and lift up. 17.09.2010 "Evet, herşey bir oyundu" Başlıktaki sözler Casey Affleck'e ait. Söz konusu "oyun" ise Joaquin Phoenix'in sinemayı bırakıp hip-hop müzisyeni olmaya karar verişi. Tüm bu süreci bir belgesel filme dönüştüren Phoenix ve Casey Affleck geçen hafta sona eren Venedik Film Festivali'nde I'm Still Here adlı bu belgeseli görücüye çıkardılar. Festival sırasında kendisiyle yapılan röportajlarda belgeselin tamamen gerçek olduğunu iddia eden Affleck nihayet pes etti ve New York Times'a herşeyi itiraf ederek tüm olayın bir oyun olduğunu açıkladı. Hatta Phoenix'in "hayatının performansını" sunduğunu söyledi. Yani Phoenix'ten bir rap albümü bekliyorduysanız, hiç heveslenmeyin. Kaydol: Kayıt Yorumları (Atom) Hiç yorum yok: Yorum Gönder Traumatic Brain Injury Traumatic Brain Injury Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem, especially among male adolescents and young adults ages 15 to 24, and among elderly people of both sexes 75 years and older. Children aged 5 and younger are also at high risk for TBI. TBI costs the country more than $48 billion a year, and between 2.5 and 6.5 million Americans alive today have had a TBI. Survivors of TBI are often left with significant cognitive, behavioral, and communicative disabilities, and some patients develop long-term medical complications, such as epilepsy. Other statistics dramatically tell the story of head injury in the United States. Each year: - approximately 270,000 people experience a moderate or severe TBI, - approximately 70,000 people die from head injury, - approximately 1 million head-injured people are treated in hospital emergency rooms, - approximately 60,000 new cases of epilepsy occur as a result of head trauma, - approximately 230,000 people are hospitalized for TBI and survive, and - approximately 80,000 of these survivors live with significant disabilities as a result of the injury. What is a Traumatic Brain Injury? TBI, also called acquired brain injury or simply head injury, occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain. The damage can be focal - confined to one area of the brain - or diffuse - involving more than one area of the brain. TBI can result from a closed head injury* or a penetrating head injury. A closed injury occurs when the head suddenly and violently hits an object but the object does not break through the skull. A penetrating injury occurs when an object pierces the skull and enters brain tissue. *National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement, October 26-28, 1998. Rehabilitation of Persons with Traumatic Brain Injury. Bethesda, MD, September 1999. Signs and Symptoms Symptoms of a TBI can be mild, moderate, or severe, depending on the extent of the damage to the brain. Some symptoms are evident immediately, while others do not surface until several days or weeks after the injury. A person with a mild TBI may remain conscious or may experience a loss of consciousness for a few seconds or minutes. The person may also feel dazed or not like himself for several days or weeks after the initial injury. Other symptoms of mild TBI include headache, confusion, lightheadedness, dizziness, blurred vision or tired eyes, ringing in the ears, bad taste in the mouth, fatigue or lethargy, a change in sleep patterns, behavioral or mood changes, and trouble with memory, concentration, attention, or thinking. A person with a moderate or severe TBI may show these same symptoms, but may also have a headache that gets worse or does not go away, repeated vomiting or nausea, convulsions or seizures, inability to awaken from sleep, dilation of one or both pupils of the eyes, slurred speech, weakness or numbness in the extremities, loss of coordination, and/or increased confusion, restlessness, or agitation. Small children with moderate to severe TBI may show some of these signs as well as signs specific to young children, such as persistent crying, inability to be consoled, and/or refusal to nurse or eat. Anyone with signs of moderate or severe TBI should receive medical attention as soon as possible. Causes and Risk Factors Half of all TBIs are due to transportation accidents involving automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, and pedestrians. These accidents are the major cause of TBI in people under age 75. For those 75 and older, falls cause the majority of TBIs. Approximately 20 percent of TBIs are due to violence, such as firearm assaults and child abuse, and about 3 percent are due to sports
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pper Plus (ETM+) on the Landsat 7 satellite. The borders of the park—which stretches between Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho—are marked in yellow. The white box marks the Mammoth Hot Springs, which Lawrence and Montana State colleague Shannon Savage have been studying closely with satellite and airborne tools. The lower series of maps depicts the heat content they found in Earth's crust beneath Mammoth Springs, as observed by the heat-sensitive channels on ETM+ and on the Thematic Mapper on Landsat 5. The energy level broadly rises (becoming a deeper red) in the 1980s to late 1990s to a peak in 2000, followed by subsiding through the 2000s. Earth's crust radiates heat because it is warmed by the Sun—the ground absorbs solar energy, and then reemits some of it back into space at longer wavelengths. Landsat and other satellites can detect some of these emissions. But in Yellowstone, the total emissions include energy produced by the Earth itself, or geothermal energy. To estimate changes in the geothermal system, Lawrence and Savage selected one image per year from 1986 to 2007 (with a few gaps due to cloud cover) and subtracted the average solar heat reflected and emitted from the land surface over the study period. They were left a broad view of the energy coming from geothermal changes, which they compared to specific geothermal events from the time period. Minerva Terraces was one such event. In 1998, mineral-rich, near-boiling water bubbled over Minerva's broad steps, depositing calcite on the face of each terrace. Heat-loving organisms colored the white surface pink, yellow, and green. But a year later, the Terraces were abandoned. "There was no steam, no color, and the formation started crumbling away because it was very soft calcite," says Savage. Minerva’s colorful ecosystem—which lies within the wider Mammoth Basin area—collapsed because the hot water stopped flowing. The subsidence appears to be reflected in the changes shown in the maps above. The new research gives scientists clues as to how geothermal events may or may not be connected underground. If two wide areas change in similar patterns and time frames, they might share the same plumbing. For example, the Norris Geyser Basin and Mammoth Hot Springs were long thought to be connected. But Lawrence and Savage did not find any common trends in the two sites, suggesting that they may not be connected. Looking to the geothermal energy developments, scientists may be monitor whether there are connections between activities outside the park and the natural monuments inside the park. "Per diciassette anni, dopo quella notte, West si sarebbe guardato furtivamente alle spalle e sarebbe stato ossessionato da passi immaginari che risuonavano dietro di lui." Howard Phillips Lovecraft, da 'Dalle tenebre' RECENSIONE Nel 1922 la neonata rivista amatoriale Home Brew commissiona ad H.P. Lovecraft un piccolo serial horror, sei episodi indipendenti ma imperniati sullo stesso protagonista. É la prima volta che Lovecraft viene pagato per un suo scritto, circa cinque dollari a puntata, ed in lui prende forma fin da subito un sentimento a dir poco contradditorio. Se da una parte infatti, egli è estremamente felice in quanto inizia quasi a sentirsi uno scrittore "professionista", dall'altro insiste ad affermare convinto che è pressochè impossibile creare un'opera su ordinazione. Su queste basi decisamente schizoidi nasce quindi la storia di Herbert West, timido e riservato studente di medicina, che riesce ad inventare uno speciale siero in grado di riportare in vita i defunti. L'unica incognita è rappresentata dal fatto che gli esperimenti sono stati condotti esclusivamente su cavie non umane come ad esempio il gatto della fidanzata dell'aiutante di Herbert, o altri piccoli animali come i porcellini d'India. Ben presto però Herbert West passerà a testare la propria sensazionale scoperta anche su cadaveri di esseri umani e qui, come si può ben immaginare, inizieranno i problemi... Malgrado Lovecraft lo considerasse una sorta di "hack work", ossia una cosa che si fa solo per soldi, Herbert West, rianimatore è un considerevole esempio della grande abilità dell'autore di Providence di creare personaggi totalmente sconcertanti, come avviene in questo caso con il protagonista. Quella di Lovecraft è inoltre un'opera totalmente di rottura ed in un certo senso anche innovativa sul tema degli zombi, in quanto all'epoca tutte le storie incentrate su quest'argomento si basavano sulle credenze e sui rituali tipici del voodoo, mentre qui i morti vengono fatti risorgere attraverso un processo chimico. Scritto nel peculiare stile morboso ed ossessivo che hanno reso celebre il suo autore, Herbert West, rianimatore è un percorso allucinante di un uomo che, non rassegnandosi alla morte, cerca in ogni modo di superare le barriere imposte dalla natura. Vecchio clichè della letteratura di genere fin dai tempi di Mary Shelley questo, per carità, ma quello che sorprende in questi sei episodi è il modo del tutto straordinario in cui esso viene rielaborato. Quando poi, nella narrazione degli eventi, si giunge al punto in cui il protagonista decide di iniziare a sperimentare il siero su corpi umani ancora freschi, le vicende si fanno oltremodo spaventose ed agghiaccianti e si arriva a toccare con mano il vero terrore. Le sei puntate, tutte quante pubblicate nel 1922, sono caratterizzate da una progressiva discesa negli abissi dell'orrore e della follia e nel corso degli anni sono anche state fatte oggetto di vari adattamenti, dai film fino ai fumetti. Tutto ciò non fa altro che testimoniare la grande influenza culturale che questo racconto, nato quasi per scherzo ed inizialmente snobbato, ha avuto su tantissime altre forme d'arte. I sei episodi, in origine dati alle stampe separatamente, sono nell'ordine: I. Dalle tenebre (From the Dark) II. Il demone della pestilenza (The Plague Demon)III. Sei spari al chiaro di luna (Six Shots by Moonlight) IV. L'urlo del morto (The Scream of the Dead) V. L'orrore dalle ombre (The Horror from the Shadows) VI. Legioni della tomba (The Tomb-Legions) BF Nella nostra libreria: Howard Phillips Lovecraft Dalla raccolta "Tutti i racconti 1897-1922" Herbert West, rianimatore (Herbert West, Reanimator) ed. Oscar Mondadori 30 di 355 pag. traduzione di Giuseppe Lippi İnsanlar insanların kölesidir. Ben, ihtiyacımı giderecek olanın kölesiyim. Benim ihtiyacımın giderilmesi elinde olan kişi kendi ihtiyacını giderecek olanın kölesidir. Köleleri efendi, efendileri köledir insanların. Daha zalimi var mıdır bir köleden, efendi olduğu zaman, ve daha bayağısı var mıdır bir efendiden, insanları köleleştirmeye çalıştığı zaman? İhtiyaçlarının giderilmesi toprağın elinde olanlar ise; bunlar hürdürler, çünkü efendilik yapılmaz toprağa, toprak da köleleştirmeye çalışmaz, İŞTE ADL_İ İLAHİDİR BU. Sobre este cursoOmitir Sobre este curso In Promotion of Healthy Ageing, we will explore key lifestyle-related factors that are modifiable and influential in our well-being in old age, such as diet, physical activity, stress and sleep. By looking closely at the different aspects of lifestyle behaviours and their impact on our health as we get older, we can take action and promote healthy habits in ourselves and those we care for. In this course, we will learn how it is never too late to modify our lifestyle and engage in healthy behaviours, and we will address health promotion strategies for older adults. This is important to keep in mind, especially when caring for older adults who may need support in their everyday lives to reduce their risk for chronic and debilitating diseases, such as dementias, cardiovascular diseases and musculoskeletal conditions, and improve the quality of life. One does not need to be a carer for an older person to benefit from this course, the principles of healthy ageing can be applied to you, your family members, your friends, or any person who wants to commit to an active lifestyle. Lo que aprenderásOmitir Lo que aprenderás - How modifiable lifestyle-related factors influence healthy ageing. - How a multidomain approach is key for the prevention of diseases and disorders in old age. - Strategies to help adults implement lifestyle habits for the promotion of healthy ageing. Plan de estudiosOmitir Plan de estudios Introduction to key lifestyle-related factors influencing healthy ageing, and related concepts. Section 2: Lifestyle-related factors: first principles Learn more about how a healthy diet, regular physical activity and proper management of vascular and lifestyle-related factors relate to well-being in old age. Section 3: Lifestyle-related factors: cognitive and socioemotional aspects It is essential to know that the cognitive, emotional and social aspects about a person's lifestyle are important for healthy ageing too. Section 4: Long-term perspectives in healthy ageing After learning about key lifestyle-related factors, get familiar with the topics of behavioural change and trends in dementia prevention for the long-term support of healthy habits. Conoce a tus instructores Obtén un Certificado Verificado para destacar los conocimientos y las habilidades que adquieras$49 USD Oficial y verificado Obtén un certificado con la firma del instructor y el logotipo de la institución para demostrar tus logros y aumentar las posibilidades de conseguir trabajo Fácil de compartir Agrega el certificado a tu currículum o publícalo directamente en LinkedIn El certificado te da un motivo más para completar el curso Apoya nuestra labor edX, una organización sin fines de lucro, se sustenta con los certificados verificados para financiar la educación gratuita para todo el mundo Both projects are unique partnerships of academic institutions, industry partners and governmental agencies, and have been supported by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT Health), which promotes entrepreneurship and innovation in healthy living and active ageing, and improvements in healthcare. More information on the CARE Campus courses, work and resources can be found at https://care-campus.eu. 高一作文 《金石录》 李清照和赵明诚结婚后,两人沉醉于金石器物的搜藏、品鉴和研究。由于经济紧张,他们甚至当卖收拾衣物,来换取喜爱的文物。后来两人合作完成了学术著作《金石录》。 上一篇:高中生作文模板化愈发严重 “高考体”非改不可 下一篇:寒假写作素材:有关春节的好词、好句、好段、好诗,一篇就搞定! Manage episode 282732446 series 2514506 Creato da The Cutting Edge, autore scoperto da Player FM e dalla nostra community - Il copyright è detenuto dall'editore, non da Player FM, e l'audio viene riprodotto direttamente dal suo server. Clicca sul pulsante Iscriviti per rimanere aggiornato su Player FM, o incolla l'URL del feed in un altra app per i podcast. Baylor ha battuto in rapida sequenza Texas Tech e Kansas e ci siamo chiesti se è lei l'Anti-Gonzaga. Questo e altre riflessioni sulle ambizioni di Kansas, Virginia e Michigan nella nuova puntata di March Madness 2197 episodi Blood Blisters on Skin Collection of blood under the skin’s upper layer which is known as epidermis is known as blood blisters. Blood blisters on skin usually occur when the blood gets trapped between two layers of the skin. The blister can be in the size of a pin point or half inch. The symptoms of this condition mainly depend on the causes of this condition. A person suffering from this condition may experience itching, redness and pain. Read on to know more about this condition. Causes of Blood Blisters The following are a few important causes of blood blisters on skin. - Irritation caused physically to the skin due to the usage of uncomfortable footwear or tight clothes can cause this condition. - Irritation caused due to the usage of chemical irritants present in the skin creams, soaps, sprays, perfumes, detergents, etc. can result in this condition. - Autoimmune diseases such as pemphigus and dermatitis herpetiformis can cause blisters on the skin as it is the major symptom of such diseases. - Extreme hot and cold temperatures can also result in causing blood blisters. - Many people often experience blood blisters after a surgery as it is the natural way adopted by the body to heal the cuts after the procedure. - Allergens like poison oak, poison ivy, medicated soaps etc. that trigger the hypersensitive reaction in the body can lead to this condition. - Excess exposure of the skin to direct sunlight can also result in causing this condition. - Usage of certain medicines like nalidixic acid and furosemide can cause this condition. - The condition of blood blisters can also be caused as a side effect of certain medications as well. Bacterial and viral infections can lead to blood blisters. - Blood blisters on skin can be treated with the help of a proper diagnosis. A skin biopsy or a patch test is conducted for a person suffering from this condition. - Avoid wearing tight footwear and clothing in order to avoid physical irritation. - Make sure that you maintain good physical hygiene. - Wash the blistered area with the help of a mild soap and cold water at least twice in a day to prevent microbes and infections. - Aloe vera plays an important role in overcoming this condition. Apply the pulp of aloe vera on the blistered area every day for quick and best results. - For a natural speedy healing process apply fresh milk on the blistered area. - Make sure that you consult a doctor immediately if the symptoms of this condition remain for a longer period of time. 欧洲杯彩票胜平负局的头领们辩称可是皇家铸币,hn Bergdahl)计划的图像这一由艺术家约翰·贝里达尔(Jo,不是“基于史实的”只是“符号性的”而。 章》结八百周年为怀念英国《大宪,的新版两英硬币英国推出了新颖。2021欧杯八强投注专家称但有,)用不吻合史实的图案毁了这一计划皇家铸币局(Royal Mint。 通过署名来使文献生效“中世纪的国王不是,本人盖印而是通过,员替他们盖印或者让部属官。” 用中世纪品格的字体“硬币边缘的文字采,皇家印章上的刻字雷同像中世纪时代约翰王的。” 拿羽毛结《大宪章》的图样这枚硬币上显示的是约翰王手,Marc Morris)所言可是依据马克·莫里斯博士(,是很诞妄的云云的刻画,章......也有不妨会让奴替他盖印由于约翰王应该应用皇家印章盖。颁发的《大宪章》传扬(约翰王1215年,刚正审讯的权力每一面都有得回,人都无法超出于法令之上包含皇室成员正在内的任何。) 他为硬币所做的计划时贝里达尔先生正在说到,尼米德(《大宪章》的结地添补道:“我念要将那些正在兰,起了紧张功用的人物计划进去位于温莎)同意《大宪章》中。” storical Society)的探求员莫里斯博士是皇家史乘学欧洲杯免费直播会(Royal Hi,这一刻画实正在是一个初级的失误他说:“约翰王手拿羽羊毫的。” 原生简便的艺术影响“我受中世纪时代,映大宪章变成时代的修立相照应装点性的飞和玫瑰雕与反。” 发到推特上他将图片,兰尼米德爆发的事并配文道:“闭于,的版本得多这比皇家铸币局。” 简介 有一天公孙明正在一次意外下获得幻想系统,从此,他为了实现梦想开始在各个世界之间旅行。 和幽香进行调教与反调教,变身诺亚救世界,和路飞一起航行冒险。观看着索隆和山治,艾尼路与吉尔伽美什之间的日常生活。 幽幽子、路飞和阿尔托利亚为何死街头?博丽神社为何半夜传来杀猪的惨叫?灵梦的节操为何遭黑手?咲夜的PAD为何频频丢失?幽香接连受到调教究竟是何人所为?圣白莲的门夜夜被敲,究竟是人是鬼?数百条碳烤中华白豚背后又隐藏着什么?这一切的背后究竟是人格的扭曲?还是道德的丧?是性的无奈?还是变态的爆发? 接下来观看《天天有话说》 PS:新人写书,如有不足,请多多见,如有错误,请指明,谢谢。 正文 The combination of an aging population with increases in natural disasters has had deadly consequences for seniors. Quebec health authorities estimate that as many 70 people died as a result of the recent heat wave with a humidex of over 40 degrees. Most heat-related deaths in Montreal involved seniors with chronic conditions. And who can forget last year’s viral images of older adults in flooded Texas nursing homes? Or people fleeing Fort McMurray wildfires two years ago? Unfortunately, there are many recent disasters to draw from with a tragic pattern of outcomes. tap here to see other videos from our team. Research done after Hurricane Katrina, Hurricane Sandy and the 2003 European heat wave shows that the majority of deaths and injuries resulting from natural disasters involve older adults. This is particularly worrisome because our population is aging. One in four Canadians will be over 65 years of age within 20 years. Why are seniors most at risk? Older adults living in their own homes are more likely to be harmed in a disaster because of physical frailty, disability and social isolation. They often have needs that make them more vulnerable and less able to cope with the physical and mental challenges posed by disasters. They may be unable to walk, climb stairs or make decisions without help from others. Their vision and
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-Americans to register to vote in Dallas County. He brought a reputation as a veteran of the Freedom Rides, a reputation that caused many intimidated men and women to steer clear. Even the black principal of the high school threatened to call the sheriff if Lafayette tried to recruit school kids for the cause. But Lafayette kept a low profile. He met people one-on-one, then finally pulled together some small groups to talk about citizenship. He worked slowly and quietly, eventually building up a local movement that was strong enough to become one of the turning points in the civil rights struggle. Quiet organizing by Lafayette made the historic victory possible. Lafayette was born in Florida, but two years of living in Philadelphia exposed him to life in a racially integrated society. He enrolled in the American Baptist Theological Seminary in Nashville. There he met James Lawson and was recruited into the group of students Lawson was training to desegregate Nashville. He also took classes at the Highlander Folk School, learning Gandhian nonviolence. The success of the Nashville sit-ins was such a watershed that Lafayette and other young leaders moved from there into struggles nationwide. Lafayette joined student leaders from across the South to form the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), which became a leading group of civil rights activists. In 1961 Lafayette was part of the group from Nashville who continued the Freedom Ride to desegregate interstate transportation. The initial Freedom Riders had been beaten and arrested and their bus had been burned. As Lafayette considered his own decision to join the Freedom Ride, he talked things through with his friend and fellow student, Joe Carter, at American Baptist Theological Seminary. “Are you prepared to die?” Carter, who had already decided to go, asked Lafayette. “There’ll be no protection, we’ll be on our own.” Lafayette decided to take the risk. Like other riders, he signed a will before heading to Alabama. This second wave of riders, including John Lewis and James Lawson, picked up the buses in Birmingham, Alabama. In Montgomery the riders were attacked. The police gave the Ku Klux Klan 15 minutes between the arrival of the bus and the arrival of the police to severely beat the riders. In Jackson, Mississippi, all the riders were arrested when they tried to desegregate the bus station waiting room. They spent time in the Jackson Jail, and then were sent to the notorious Mississippi penitentiary known as Parcham Farm. It was one of 27 times Lafayette ended up in jail. After that harrowing experience, Lafayette’s skills as an organizer clearly emerged. He and James Bevel left Parchman and began organizing back in Jackson, where they were earlier arrested. They went street by street through the black community trying to recruit young people as activists. Lafayette would make the case for joining, while Bevel would give reasons not to get involved—a tactic that made the idea more appealing for young people eager to try their wings. After evening training sessions, they would require the young people to come back at 6 a.m. to see how serious they really were. Lafayette and Bevel organized a series of protests with 42 young recruits who joined them in an effort to desegregate the Jackson bus terminal. Lafayette said it was the cheapest way to take action because they didn’t need to buy bus tickets. They all ended up in jail, but now the young people of Jackson were mobilized for the movement. Lafayette then went to Selma, Alabama, as an SNCC organizer. It was the heart of the so-called “Black Belt,” an area controlled by the powerful White Citizens Council. Even before he and his wife moved into a local hotel, U.S. Justice Department officials were warning them to leave because of threatened violence. Lafayette stayed and studied the politics of the area and the history of lynching in that county. He then went into the small towns around Selma and into Selma’s black neighborhoods trying to mobilize voter registration. When people came to the meetings Lafayette organized, he encouraged them to share their own experiences. Soon, people were releasing emotions long bottled up by fear. When a local African-American leader who had supported their effort died, Lafayette called for a mass meeting to honor the man. Sheriff Jim Clark brought deputized white citizens to intimidate the crowd. Many of Clark’s men were armed with bats that had steel rods inserted in the middle for maximum damage. First, Clark’s men came into the meeting and listened to the eulogies, then they smashed cars with their bats on the way out. Lafayette knew that this violence would clarify the battle lines and challenge residents to take a stand. On June 12, 1963, the same night Medgar Evers of the NAACP was assassinated in Mississippi, a white thug severely beat Lafayette. As he was about to lose consciousness, a neighbor came out with a shotgun. Despite the peril he faced, Lafayette pleaded for the man not to shoot the attacker. The FBI later said that the attack was part of a three-state conspiracy to murder civil rights leaders. But Lafayette did not back down. The day after the beating, still wearing his bloody shirt and with his face bruised and swollen, Lafayette went downtown. A black lawyer encouraged him to go home, but Lafayette said, “This is the symbol we need.” He made himself visible in the community, shaming local leaders who had been timid to take greater risks themselves. Lafayette continued organizing and holding mass meetings. In 1965, he was among the civil rights leaders who decided to make Selma a focus for the struggle for voting rights. It was the toughest town in Alabama, but Lafayette’s organizing had laid a foundation in the African-American community. In early March, 1965, a march was launched from Selma to Montgomery, although that first march did not reach its goal. The crowd was halted at the Pettus Bridge, where police charged and beat marchers—an event later known as Bloody Sunday. Martin Luther King, Jr. came to Selma for a second march, which voluntarily stopped at the Pettus Bridge to avoid violence. A third march that same month finally reached its goal, riding on a wave of national revulsion at the violence unleashed by Southern whites. A political tide had turned. President Johnson presented what became the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to Congress between the second and third marches. With momentum from the protests, the bill passed and Johnson was able to sign it into law later that year. In 1966, the scene shifted to Chicago, where Lafayette agreed to help the American Friends Service Committee organize for open housing and to prevent lead poisoning, a campaign called “End Slums.” Lafayette also was invited by King to direct a national Poor People’s Campaign, which would culminate in a march on Washington in 1968. However, during their organizing efforts, Dr. King visited Memphis and was killed in April, 1968. Stunned and grieving, Lafayette continued his work on the Washington campaign, which ended when 50,000 people set up the Resurrection City shantytown on the Mall. This campaign had failed to achieve its goal: A Bill of Economic Rights. After the death of King and the dissolution of the Poor People’s Campaign, Lafayette left his life of full-time activism to focus on his education. He eventually earned a doctorate from Harvard University with a thesis on the teaching of nonviolence in a regular college curriculum. Lafayette then worked in various schools, including an appointment as principal of Tuskegee High School in Alabama. There, the soft-spoken, nonviolent Lafayette encountered a group of teens who had moved from a tough urban setting in the North and brought gang culture with them into the South. They expected this principal would be easy prey. Instead, Lafayette cleaned up the school’s culture. He didn’t break up the gangs, recognizing the legitimate need of young people to be together in groups. Instead, he transformed the gangs into social clubs. He gave them tasks like taking toys to hospitalized children and cleaning up yards for elderly widows and taught them how to repair windows—so the gangs began protecting property rather than vandalizing it. He even took students on a re-enactment of the Selma-to-Montgomery march. It was one of his favorite jobs. Lafayette returned to American Baptist Theological Seminary in Nashville as vice president in 1987 and then in 1992 was installed as president. He also became a Senior Fellow for the Center for Nonviolence and Peace Studies at the University of Rhode Island. There he taught the nonviolent principles and methods he’d hammered out in the civil rights movement. Lafayette then shifted to Emory University where he is the Distinguished Senior Scholar in Residence, but he has never lived in an ivory tower. He continues to work with students, most recently in the Chicago schools where he is seeking to build the beloved community that King envisioned. He helps older children develop mentoring relationships with younger ones, bringing out what is best in the students. He also has engaged in international peacemaking, especially in the delta region of Nigeria, where conflict flares over oil development. Lafayette works with a program that exchanges insurgents’ guns for jobs. The training begins with nonviolence, and then moves on to job training. Overall, this process brings some of the economic benefits from the oil companies to the local people, which is a key to ending insurgency. Lafayette trains people from the delta to become trainers themselves, which empowers the community, multiplies the impact, and spreads community transformation. What Bernard Lafayette learned years earlier in Nashville sit-ins, Mississippi bus stations and Selma voter registration drives, he has taught to new generations facing new challenges in new settings. As he links lives around the world, the beloved community becomes more of a reality. Meet more peacemakers like Bernard Lafayette This profile on Bernard Lafayette comes from the pages of my book, Blessed are the Peacemakers. Blessed are the Peacemakers is one of the three books that inspired this website. Learn more about Daniel Buttry’s series of books on global peacemakers. (Medical Xpress) -- New research by a University of California, Riverside psychologist raises serious questions about eyewitness identification procedures that are being adopted by police departments across the United States. These new procedures are designed to reduce the kinds of false identification errors that can lead to wrongful convictions of innocent people. While it has long been held that these changes reduce false identifications with little or no loss of correct identifications, UC Riverside psychology professor Steven E. Clark suggests that that is not the case. The loss of correct identifications can be significant, Clark says. Importantly, the new procedures may, under some circumstances, lead to identification evidence that is less accurate than the identification evidence from the procedures they are designed to replace. Policymakers need to look very carefully at the data from empirical studies as they consider adopting new procedures, he cautions. Clarks study, Costs and Benefits of Eyewitness Identification Reform: Psychological Science and public Policy, appears in the May issue of the peer-reviewed journal Perspectives on Psychological Science, published by the Association for Psychological Science. It can be viewed online. Clark has been involved in more than 200 criminal and civil cases, has consulted with prosecution and defense attorneys, and has testified as an expert in federal and state courts in six states, including California. Much of his research has been funded by the National Science Foundation. In the paper, the psychologist notes that the reforms are directed at fundamental aspects of the identification process: How lineups are constructed, what witnesses are told and how they are instructed prior to the lineup, the way that the lineup is presented, and what police officers should and should not say and do during the identification procedure. Whether policymakers decide to adopt or not adopt these new procedures is up to them, he says. In order to make those policy decisions, they need to know clearly what the benefits are and what the costs are. For some of the new procedures the cost-benefit trade-offs are clear. For other procedures, Clark suggests that the critical research has not been done. For example, one of the new procedures coming into use requires that the police officer who shows the lineup not know which person in the lineup is the suspect. In this blind procedure, the police officer would not know whether the suspect was second, third or sixth in the lineup. The blind procedure prevents police officers from deliberately or inadvertently cuing witnesses about who they should pick from the lineup. The principle behind blind lineup administration is solid, Clark says. If the criminal justice system is concerned that the police might inadvertently communicate their expectations to witnesses, then a good solution is for the police to not have expectations by not knowing which person in the lineup is the suspect. However, many ideas that seem right in principle dont actually work, or have unintended side effects. The principle behind the blind lineup may be solid, but solid data would be better. Clarks research examines the results from dozens of eyewitness identification studies that have been conducted and published over the last 32 years. The trade-off between false identifications avoided versus correct identifications lost is consistent, he says. This trade-off raises an important question: How many correct identifications is the justice system willing to lose in order to avoid a false identification? Clark explains that under some conditions that trade-off may be as high as 100 correct identifications lost for each false identification avoided. Is that a trade-off that the criminal justice system is willing to accept? It depends, Clark says. In our justice system there is a view that a false conviction is a far worse error than a false acquittal, he says. However, false identifications do not always lead to prosecution or false convictions, and false nonidentifications do not always lead to false acquittals. This raises a question about the justice systems ability to correct its mistakes. Whether the justice system prefers one eyewitness identification procedure over another depends on many factors, the nature of the trade-off for example, how many correct identifications are lost in exchange for each false identification that is avoided and what the consequences of those errors are. There are many other considerations as well, in terms of due process and procedural justice. Policymakers have a lot to chew on. Explore further: Understanding the science of eyewitness identifications وزارت راه و شهرسازی با توجه به اهمیت حفظ منابع ارزی کشور در شرایط کنونی به عنوان یکی از اولویت های دولت و وزارتخانه های مربوط و با هدف ایجاد تعادل در بازار، جلوگیری از هرگونه سوءاستفاده احتمالی از تفاوت نرخ ارز، حفظ و حتی بهبود وضعیت موجود شرکت های هواپیمایی خارجی در بازار و کاهش میزان تقاضای ارز از دولت برای سفر به خارج از کشور، پیشنهاد کرده تا شرکت های هواپیمایی خارجی از لیست دریافت کنندگان ارز نیمایی به نرخ حواله منتشره در سامانه بین بانکی ETS خارج و نرخ روز فروش ارز (اسکناس) در بازار ثانویه که توسط بانک مرکزی جمهوری اسلامی ایران تعیین می شود، ملاک محاسبه بهای ریالی بلیت مسافر و بارنامه هوایی شرکت های هواپیمایی خارجی قرار گیرد. گفتنی است پیشنهاد فوق هم اکنون در کمیسیون اقتصاد دولت در حال بررسی و تصمیم گیری است. Gaziantep'te iki adreste öldürülen 9 kişi, otopsi işlemlerinin ardından ailelerine teslim edildi. Düztepe Mahallesindeki silahlı saldırıda ölen Tuğba T, Şenel Çakmak ve Ahmet Çakmak'ın cenazeleri, Yeşilkent Mezarlığına götürüldü. Aynı adreste ölen Turan T'nin cenazesi ise Sam Mahallesi'nde sabah evde öldürülmüş halde bulunan amcası Mustafa (58) ile aynı yaştaki eşi Gülay ve çocukları Türkan Demir (22), Furkan ile Gül T'nin cenazeleriyle Asri Mezarlığa götürüldü. 5 cenazenin yarın Sam Mahallesi'nde, diğer 3 cenazenin ise Yeşilkent Mezarlığı'nda defnedileceği bildirildi. Bu arada her iki olayın da cinayet zanlısı olarak aranan Yusuf T'nin yakalanması için Asayiş Şube Müdürlüğünce özel ekip oluşturuldu. Polis, şüphelinin gidebileceği adreslerde arama yaptı, her iki ailenin fertlerinin ifadelerine başvurdu. Öte yandan, bir süredir İstanbul'da oturan Yusuf T'nin, 2 yıl önce evlendiği Tuba T. ile bir yıldır ayrı yaşadığı öğrenildi. Yusuf T'nin, Gaziantep'e dönerek teyzesinin yanına yerleşen eşi Tuğba T. ile amcasının oğlu olan Turan T'yle ilişkisinin olduğu gerekçesiyle, dün gece kuzeniyle telefonla görüştüğü, ardından da Düztepe Mahallesi'ndeki eşi ile kuzeninin de bulunduğu eve gelerek ateş açtığı öne sürüldü. شاوان هم که به عنوان یک تازه وارد در بازار محسوب می شود با قیمت 350 تومان وارد بازار فرابورس شد و هم اکنون در قیمت های 583 تومان به سر می برد و همچنان صف خرید خود را اب ابتدای عرضه تا کنون حفظ کرده است. میزان افزایش قیمت این سهم در حدود 45 درصد می باشد. قابل ذکر است که در صورت مالی این شرکت مقداری زیان انباشته وجود دارد که یکی از مسئولان مالی این شرکت در این مورد توضیح داده است. این مسئول می گورد: طی سال های 88 و 89 گاز مایع تولیدی شرکت بدون هیچ گونه ارزش افزوده ای در مشعل پالایشگاه سوخت می شد، از همین رو در سال 89 برای راه اندازی واحدهای تولیدی جدید جهت استفاده بهینه از این محصول تصمیم گیری شد که این امر موجب افزایش مصرف انرژی و ایجاد ضایعات گردید و در نهایت زیان انباشته “شاوان” را با رشد همراه کرد. اما در سال 90 با افزایش 70 درصدی ظرفیت تولیدی پالایشگاه و در مقابل کاهش نفت کوره تولیدی به عنوان محصولی زیان ده از 37 به 27 درصد، شرکت توانست بخش زیادی از زیان انباشته شرکت را جبران کنید. این روند در سال 91 نیز ادامه یافت تا جایی که با افزایش ظرفیت تولید میعانات گازی در سال جاری، شاهد افزایش تولید بنزین پایه و نفت گاز بودیم و طی یکی تا دو ماه آینده نیز با راه اندازی واحد بنزین سازی، ظرفیت تولیدی این محصول به دو میلیون و 800 هزار لیتر ارتقا می یابد. این مسئول خاطر نشان کرد شرکت پالایش نفت لاوان طی سال 92 دو محصول فرآورده های سوخت جت و گوگرد را به سبد محصولات تولیدی خود اضافه خواهد کرد که این امر نیز می تواند تأثیر چشم گیری در کاهش زیان انباشته و از بین رفتن آن ایفا نماید. این مقام مسئول عنوان کرده که شرکت توانایی رسیدن به مقدار سود پیش بینی شده ی خود را دارد و انتظار تعدیل با اهمیت در این شرکت وجود ندارد مگر در صورت نغییر نرخ ارز در بودجه مالی. Pregnancy Nausea Week – What To Expect
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la? AI: Birkaç tanesini saymak gerekirse: Akıl yürütme, çıkarım yapma, kendi kendinin farkında olma. Emre: Peki bilim kurgu sever misin? AI: Evet, tabii, özellikle Philip K. Dick'i çok severim. Emre: Philip K. Dick? AI: Evet, özellikle "VALIS", "Man in The Castle" ve "Blade Runner" adlı kitaplarını severim. Emre: Blade Runner? AI: Evet, şu meşhur filmin konusu o kitaba dayanmaktadır. Diyalogdan anlaşılabileceği gibi söz konusu bilgisayarla yazışırken onun bir bilgisayar olduğunu biliyordum peki ama bunun garantisini kim verebilir? Her durumda ve her yazışma seansı için? Belki de her şey Alan Turing'in adı ile anılan meşhur "Turing Testi" ile başladı, özetlemek gerekirse karşınızda iki bilgisayar ekranı olsa ya da iki canlı yazışma penceresi ve her ikisinde de birer kişi ile yazışıyor olsanız, bunlardan biri insan diğeri de bilgisayar olsa, hangisinin bilgisayar olduğunu anlayabilir misiniz? 1950'li yıllardan bugüne dek yapay zekâ ile ilgilenen araştırmacıların, bilgisayar programcılarının en çok üzerinde durdukları konulardan biri olageldi Turing Testi. Bir insanın diyalog kurabilme yetisini bilgisayarlara kazandırma eylemi son 50 yılda o kadar çok kişiyi cezbetti ki asıl konusu bu olan özel bir yarışma düzenlenmeye başladı. 1990 yılında, sosyolog ve aynı zamanda zengin bir girişimci olan Dr. Hugh Loebner Turing Test'ine dayanan ve her yıl düzenlenen bir yarışmanın sponsorluğunu üstlendi. Bu yarışmada "en insancıl" bilgisayarların yaratıcıları madalyalar ve nakit para ile ödüllendirilecekti. 2001 yılında sekiz yazılım birbirleri ile yarıştı ve kendileri ile yazışan hakemlerle olabildiğince "doğal" bir diyalog kurabilmek için mücadele etti. Gene Turing testi'ndeki kurallardan ötürü hakemler, aynı zamada insanlarla da yazışıyorlardı, hangi bilgisayar ekranının insanlardan gelen mesajları taşıdığını bilmeden tabii ki. Söz konusu yarışmanın galibi A.L.I.C.E. idi ve hakemlerden biri yazılımı, insanlarla gerçekleştirdiği diyalogdan daha doğal bulmuştu! A.L.I.C.E, AIML ve Özgür Yazılım ALICE A.I. Foundation http://alice.sunlitsurf.com/ isimli bilgisayar organizasyonu 3 ayrı ama birbiri ile ilişkili ürünü serbest olarak yapay zekâ meraklılarına sunmaktadır: 1) AIML (Artificial Intelligence Markup Language) isimli genişletilebilir YZ (yapay zeka) dil spesifikasyonu. 2) AIML dili ile geliştirilmiş kural dosyalarını yorumlayıp insanlarla web ya da IRC üzerinde yazışabilecek yazılımlar. 3) AIML formatında yazılmış A.L.I.C.E. "beyni"nin içeriği ve diğer (ro)bot kişilikleri. Bunu başka bir yazılım örneği ile kıyaslamak gerekirse HTML spesifikasyonu, örnek bir web sunucu uygulaması ve serbest olarak kullanılabilecek 40.000 HTML sayfası gibi düşünebiliriz. A.L.I.C.E.'in ilk versiyonu 1995 yılında pek bilinmeyen ve matematik lojik ile küme teorisi alanlarında çalışan araştırmacıların faydalandığı SETL dili ile geliştirilmiştir. İlk günden itibaren serbest olarak dağıtılan A.L.I.C.E. başlangıçta geniş bir kitleye ulaşamamıştır. Ancak 1998 yılında platform bağımsız Java dili ile yeniden yazıldığında birçok yapay zekâ meraklısının ilgisini çekmeye başlamıştır. A.L.I.C.E. AIML'nin ilk Java uygulamasına "Program A" ismi verilmiştir. 1999 yılında geliştirilmeye başlanan Program B ise A.L.I.C.E.'in özgür yazılım mantalitesi ile geliştirilmesi sürecinde bir çığır açmış ve 300'ün üzerinde yazılımcı Program B'ye katkıda bulunmuştur. AIML tamamen XML (eXtensible Markup Language) uyumlu gramere dönüştürülmüş ve böylece XML editörleri ile kolayca düzenlenebilme özelliğini kazanmıştır. Geniş kitlelere yayılabilen ilk AIML uygulaması olan Program B 2000 yılındaki Loebner Ödülü'nü kazanmıştır. Jacco Bikker 2000 yılında Program C ismi altında ilk C/C++ AIML uygulamasını geliştirmiş ve bu da CGI, IRC, WxWindows, AOL Instant Messenger gibi iletişim yazılımları ile entegre edilmiştir. Süreç içinde Java 2 dilinin gelişmesi ve yaygınlaşması ile bir sonraki aşamaya geçilmiş, grafik arabirim özellikleri güçlendirilmiş olan Program D ortaya çıkmıştır. Şu anda Program D, A.L.I.C.E AI organizasyonu tarafından desteklenmekte ve örnek uygulama olarak sunulmaktadır. 2000 yılının yaz aylarında AIML 1.01 standardı oluşturulmuş ve PHP programcılarını mutlu edecek bir gelişme olarak Program E ortaya çıkmıştır. Şu anda LISP dili ile bir AIML uygulaması geliştirilmektedir ve bittiğinde Program Z olarak dağıtılacaktır. A.L.I.C.E.'in yukarıdaki özet tarihçesi yapay zekâ gibi popüler ancak zor bir konuda da yazılımcıların Internet üzerinden güzel bir koordinasyon çerçevesinde bir araya gelerek kaynak kodu geliştirdikleri serbest yazılım modelinin neleri ortaya koyabileceğine dair güzel ve teşvik edici bir örnektir. A.L.I.C.E ve AIML İle Neler Yapılabilir? Yukarıdaki soruya cevaben: "Sadece hayalgücünüz ile sınırlısınız" diyebiliriz ancak bu biraz reklam ya da klişe bir slogan gibi gelebilir kulağınıza o yüzden süslü cümleleri bırakıp somut olarak ne yapabileceğimize bakalım. Önceki bölümde belirtildiği gibi A.L.I.C.E. sistemi AIML tabanlı bir sistem yani XML formatındaki dosyaları okuyup kendini ayarlıyor ve kullanıcının yazacağı cümlelere sahip olduğu kurallar çerçevesinden olabildiğince anlamlı ve "doğal" cevaplar vermeye çalışıyor. Sistem tamamen açık kodlu ve kural dosyaları da her programcının biraz kurcalayarak kendi sistemine göre genişletebileceği durumda. Kanımca konuya girmek için yapılabilecek en mantıklı iş http://alice.sunlitsurf.com/downloads/ adresini ziyaret ederek uygun gördüğünüz A.L.I.C.E. uygulamasını çekmek. Benim tavsiyem A.L.I.C.E AI Foundation tarafından resmi olarak desteklenen ve dağıtılan "Program D"yi çekip kurmanız. Sistem Java 2 programlama dili ile geliştirilmiş durumda ve kendi web sunucusunu da içeriyor. Bu da demek oluyor ki Java motoru (run-time engine) bulunan herhangi bir işletim sisteminde (GNU/Linux, MS Windows, Solaris, vs.) Program D'yi çalıştırabilirsiniz. Eğer özel bir takım analizler yapmayı düşünmüyorsanız veritabanına da ihtiyacınız yok. Yani Program D'yi standart olarak kurup çalıştırdığınızda Internet'e bağlı insanlar sizin makinanızı Internet tarayıcıları ile ziyaret edip A.L.I.C.E. ile güzel güzel yazışabilirler. Program aynı zamanda servlet olarak da ayarlandığı için eğer isterseniz Apache gibi güçlü bir web sunucusu üzerinde çalışabiliyor ve herhangi bir web sayfasının içine entegre edilebiliyor. Standart olarak kurup herhangi bir özel değişiklik yapmadığınız durumda dahi A.L.I.C.E. bünyesindeki binlerce kategori ile mantıklı diyaloglar kurabilmek konusunda başarılı. Ancak aklınızda bulundurmanız gereken şey mevcut kural dosyalarının İngilizce'ye göre hazırlanmış olduğu. Eğer gelen AIML formatlı dosyaları incelerseniz aşağıdaki gibi satırlarla karşılaşacaksınız: <code><category>(Yukarıda açılış ve kapanış <aiml> etiketleri gösterilmemiştir çünkü dokümanın ortasındaki bir yerden alıntı yapılmıştır.) <pattern>WHAT ARE YOU</pattern> <template> <think><set name="topic">Me</set></think> I am the latest result in artificial intelligence, which can reproduce the capabilities of the human brain with greater speed and accuracy. </template> </category></code> <category> ve </category> arasındaki her şey tahmin edebileceğiniz gibi bir kategoridir ve A.L.I.C.E. şu anda bünyesinde buna benzer 40.000'in üzerinde kategori barındırmaktadır! Bir kategorinin içinde bir kalıp ya da bir şablon bulunabilir. Bu kalıp sadece "what are you" ifadesi ile eşleşecektir (büyük küçük harf ayrımı yapılmamaktadır). Bir kategori başka bir kategori içinden <srai> etiketi ve indirgeme prensibi (principle of reductionism) ile çağrılabilir. Kullanıcı yukarıdaki kalıbı girdiğinde A.L.I.C.E. "I am the latest result in artificial intelligence..." cevabını üretecektir. Buna ek olarak ilginç bir şey daha yapacaktır: <think> etiketini kullanarak bu etiketin içindeki veriyi işleyecek ancak sonucu kullanıcıya yansıtmayacaktır, mesela mevcut örneğimizde Alicebot motoru hafızasındaki "topic"i "Me" olarak ayarlayacaktır. Böylece "topic" bölümü "Me" olarak ayarlanmış kategoriler özel olarak "topic" ayarı bulunmayan kategorilere kıyasla daha öncelikli olarak eşlenebilir hale geleceklerdir. Bu mekanizma programcının diyalog akışını hassas olarak ayarlayabildiği ve A.L.I.C.E.'in "düşünme" eylemini gerçekleştirdiği mekanizmalardan sadece bir tanesidir. Program D'yi inceleyerek A.L.I.C.E ve AIML ile ilgili tüm temel bilgileri öğrenebilir ve sistemin çalışması hakkında detaylı bir fikir sahibi olabilirsiniz ancak eğer Java programlama diline sıcak bakmıyorsanız ya da bu dili bilmiyorsanız alternatifsiz değilsiniz. A.L.I.C.E.'in bir başka uygulaması da Internet programcılarının en çok kullandıkları dillerden biri olan PHP ile yazılan Program E http://www.rydell.com/programe/index.html. Program E'yi kurup çalıştabilmek için sisteminizde PHP, MySQL veritabanı ve Apache web sunucusu bulunması yeterli. Sistemi sitenizdeki herhangi bir sayfaya entegre edebilirsiniz ve AIML dosyalarınızı ihtiyaçlarınıza göre ayarlayabilirsiniz. Peki tüm bu teknik bilgileri, yazılımları kullanarak ne yapabilirsiniz? Başlangıçta da belirttiğimiz gibi hayalgücünüzle sınırlı. Eğer Program D'yi ya da Program E'yi standart halde web sitenize entegre ederseniz, sitenizi ziyaret edenler A.L.I.C.E. ile İngilizce yazışabilir ve karşılarındakinin bir bilgisayar olup olmadığından şüphe edebilirler. Ancak eğer site ziyaretçilerinize daha farklı bir deneyim yaşatmak istiyorsanız AIML dilini öğrenip AIML dosyalarında değişikler yapabilir ya da kendi AIML dosyalarınızı oluşturabilirsiniz. Kendi sisteminizi oluşturmanın avantajları nedir? Mesela site ziyaretçilerini statik bir web sayfasına yönlendirmek veya bir o linke bir bu linke yollamak yerine aynı pencere içinde onlara etkileşimli bir diyalog ortamı sunabilir ve sitenin konusu her ne ise (bir şirket sitesi, bir ürün tanıtım sitesi, bir üniversite sitesi, vs.) kullanıcının o konuya dair bilgileri sanki o konuda gerçek bir uzmanla yazışıyormuş gibi doğal bir şekilde almasını sağlayabilirsiniz. Pek çok kullanıcı yüzlerce sorudan oluşan bir Sıkça Sorulan Sorular listesi veya yüzlerce sayfalık bir dokümantasyon yerine mümkünse bilgi edinmek istedikleri konu ile ilgili birisi ile canlı olarak yazışmayı tercih edecektir, yeter ki yazıştıkları "uzman" onlara bir miktar mantıklı cevap verip onları doğru yere yönlendirsin. Dikkati çekmek istediğim noktalardan biri de şu: A.L.I.C.E. sistemini kuracağınız bilgisayar Internet'e bağlı olmak zorunda değil. Eğer hedef kitleniz avuç içi bilgisayar kullanan insanlar ise PalmOS tabanlı PalmAlice http://savannah.gnu.org/download/bang/PalmAlice-rc2.zip ya da PocketPC uyumlu "ALICE for PocketPC" http://www.pocketmatrix.com/phantom/alice.htm tam size göre. ICQ, IRC ya da başka platformları düşünenler http://alice.sunlitsurf.com/downloads/ sayfasında diğer uygulamalara da erişebilirler. A.L.I.C.E. kullanarak geliştirilen ticari siteleri ya da eğlence sitelerini gezip ilham almak ve teknolojinin vardığı noktayı görmek isteyen meraklıların hemen http://alice.sunlitsurf.com/live.html adresine göz atmalarını tavsiye ediyorum. Burada farklı dillere uyarlanmış A.L.I.C.E. diyalog sistemlerini görebilirsiniz, bu sistemler arasında programlama, matematik gibi konularda uzman sistemlerin yanı sıra John Lennon gibi artık aramızda bulunmayan sanatçıların "kişiliklerini" (!) yansıtan sistemler de mevcut. (*) Avusturya'lı filozof (1889-1951) (1) Steven Spielberg'in AI adlı filminin http://aimovie.warnerbros.com/ sitesindeki A.L.I.C.E. yazılımı ile aramda geçen konuşmanın Türkçe çevirisi. Görüşler Neyse, dilerim bu durum yazının genel olarak anlaşılabilirliğini olumsuz olarak etkilemez ;-) < < ye dönüşüyor yani. yazım hatası oldu.. Buradan HTML ve XML taglerini yollamak ne zor işmiş yahu :) <category> <pattern>WHAT ARE YOU</pattern> <template> <think><set name=topic>Me</set></think> I am the latest result in artificial intelligence, which can reproduce the capabilities of the human brain with greater speed and accuracy. </template> </category> Ayrıca E'yi indirebilmenize sevindim. Hazır PHP ile ilgili güzel haberler gelmişken eğer vakit bulup da A.L.I.C.E.'in PHP sürümünü kurup deneyimlerinizi burada bizimle paylaşırsanız seviniriz. Not: Anonim yerine bir kullanıcı adı ile mesaj yazarsanız daha güzel olur ;-) Liat Lerner-Geva of Tel Aviv University's Sackler Faculty of Medicine and the Women and Children's Health Research Unit at The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research Ltd. and colleagues tracked the pregnancies of women from the Israeli town of Sderot. Sderot has been a constant target of rocket fire from the Gaza Strip since 2001. Rocket attacks are preceded by an alarm warning residents to take shelter. The alarms themselves are loud, sudden, and stress-inducing, the study said. Once they sound, Sderot residents have only seconds before a rocket hits, Lerner-Geva said. Between 2001 and 2008 more than 1,000 alarms were sounded in the vicinity of Sderot. Not every neighborhood in Sderot was subject to the same number of attacks, Lerner-Geva said. The researchers hypothesized women in higher stress areas would have a higher probability of miscarriage, but the results indicated women in both high-intensity and low-intensity areas were at the same risk. One explanation is the constant fear of attack is as stressful as the attacks themselves, Lerner-Geva suggested. The findings, published in the Psychosomatic Medicine Journal of Biobehavioural Medicine, found those living under rocket fire were at higher risk for adverse birth outcomes, including miscarriage and premature birth. Asian Women Migrants: Going the Distance, But Not Far Enough Asian Women Migrants: Going the Distance, But Not Far Enough In some parts of Asia, such as the Southeast, journeying was traditionally a male preserve. Those returning could expect not only a warm welcome but also an esteemed place in the community, as the completion of a journey gave them a badge of honor. In more recent times, particularly in the last 30 years, journeying in Asia has meant international labor migration, initially to the Gulf countries in the 1970s, and to the dragon economies in Asia from the 1980s. And men are not the only ones engaged in it. In the beginning, labor migration involved mostly men from South, East, and Southeast Asia availing themselves of job opportunities in the Gulf countries. The slowing down of infrastructure projects, the second oil crisis in 1979, and the changing labor needs of the Gulf countries resulted in a lower demand for male workers and an emerging need for female workers to fill the demand for medical personnel, maintenance workers, and domestic workers. At about the same time, the expanding economies of Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Malaysia, and Thailand became new destinations for migrant workers in the region. Since then, labor migration within the region has increased tremendously. The number has climbed from about a million migrant workers in the major receiving countries at the start of the 1980s to at least 6.5 million at this time, including both legal and unauthorized migrant workers. What unfolded in the Asian region is a gendered migration process: male migration in response to the requirements of industrialization (construction and manufacturing; plantation work in Malaysia), and female migration in response to the shortage of domestic and childcare workers (with Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, and Taiwan as major destinations in East and Southeast Asia). In the past 30 years, most female migrants have come from three countries: the Philippines, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka. In these three countries, women comprise some 60 to 80 percent of migrants legally deployed every year. Legal migration from Indonesia and Sri Lanka is dominated by women who take up domestic work in Middle Eastern countries, with Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taiwan as other secondary destinations. In the Philippines, female migrants began to outnumber male migrants after 1992; moreover, although the majority are in domestic services and a large number are in entertainment work, there are also women taking up professional, clerical, sales, and production work. Compared with their counterparts from Indonesia and Sri Lanka, Filipino women migrants are found in all the world's regions. Thailand and Burma are also major countries of origin of female migrants, but these are mostly unauthorized flows. Other countries of origin — Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan — do not allow or have very restrictive regulations concerning female emigration, which their governments consider fraught with danger. Nonetheless, female migration does occur, but through irregular channels (including trafficking), resulting in even greater dangers and risks to women and girls on the move. The participation of women in migration has raised both prospects and pains. The fact that women are migrating on their own rather than as part of family migration seems to suggest greater freedom and choice. However, their concentration in vulnerable sectors has generated much debate on how migration can have a positive impact on women's lives. Both domestic work and entertainment are not covered by labor laws in many countries, hence women's working and living conditions are very much dependent on the "charity" of their employers. In the case of entertainers, the dangers include being pushed into prostitution, violence, and run-ins with criminal elements. From the time female migration has become visible, the protection issues raised
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rà Dio a fare giustizia al momento che lui sa, e nel modo che lui sa (Cf. 1Pt 2,23). MOVIMENTO APOSTOLICO DI CATANZARO Da malvagi e violenti nessuno potrà mai liberare. Solo il Signore può. Al Signore si deve chiedere la liberazione con preghiera incessante. Vi sono persone che odiano la pace, odiano il bene, odiano amare, odiano pensare il bene, odiano essere pietosi e misericordiosi. Davide chiede al Signore che lo liberi da quelli che tramano cose malvage nel cuore. Da quelli che ogni giorno scatenano la guerra. Non si tratta di una male occasionale, accidentale, frutto della fragilità del cuore. È invece un male studiato, pensato, tramato, architettato, voluto. È questa la malvagità: studiare come fare del male al prossimo. Tramare come scatenare una guerra eterna. Il malvagio vive con il cuore di Satana. Dal cuore di Satana solo il Signore ci può liberare. Nessun uomo potrà mai vincere il cuore di Satana. Il Signore può. Al Signore si chiede. L’uomo potrà vincere un malvagio, mai la malvagità. Questa solo il Signore la potrà vincere. Al Signore si deve chiedere con preghiera incessante. Ora viene rivelata tutta la malvagità dei malvagi. La loro cattiveria è grande. Aguzzano la lingua come serpenti, veleno di vipera è sotto le loro labbra. La loro lingua è lingua di serpenti. Il loro veleno è di vipera sotto le loro labbra. Non vi è scampo per nessun uomo. Solo Dio potrà essere scudo di difesa. Non vi è salvezza se non dal Signore. Mentre noi facciamo fiaccolate per le strade per chiedere al vento che ci liberi dal malvagio. Solo il Signore può liberare. Solo a Lui si deve gridare. Non per le piazze. Ma nella sua casa. Nel suo tempio santo. Ci si umilia dinanzi a Lui. Lo si riconosce il solo Signore nelle cui mani è la vittoria. Si chiede a Lui il suo aiuto potente .Quello dei malvagi non è un male evidente. Il male che si vede si può sempre evitare. È invece un male nascosto, subdolo, invisibile .Quando le trappole sono ben visibili, si posson anche evitare. Quando esse sono invisibili, come si fa ad evitarle? Solo il Signore le conosce e solo Lui può farci deviare dal sentiero dell’uomo iniquo e malvagio. Lui ci farà deviare se noi lo invochiamo. La preghiera umile, ricca di fede, che confessa la grandezza di Dio, è la vera via di ogni salvezza nel tempo. Io dico al Signore: tu sei il mio Dio; ascolta, Signore, la voce della mia supplica. Quando ci si presenta dinanzi al Signore, non ci si presenta dinanzi al Signore. Ci si presenta dinanzi al “mio Signore”, al “mio Dio”.Non è però il mio Dio e il mio Signore solo per il momento della preghiera. È il mio Signore, il mio Dio sempre. È il mio Dio nel quale confido.È il mio Signore al quale resto per sempre fedele e nella cui Legge io abito. È il mio Dio nella cui volontà io sempre cammino.Il mio Dio è il mio Signore sempre e per sempre. Non è il mio Dio e il mio Signore per il momento del bisogno. Non si può essere senza Dio e senza il Signore sempre e poi nel momento del bisogno si ricorre a Lui. In questo si ricorre ad un Signore, non al mio Signore. Un Signore è un estraneo. Il mio Signore è il mio Signore. Io con Lui vivo e per Lui. Sono nella sua amicizia e per questo ascolta la mia voce. Ma il Signore al quale ci rivolgiamo è il “mio Signore”, il “mio Dio”? Se non lo è, è giusto che facciamo che diventi. Diventerà nella nostra conversione a Lui.Chi è il “suo Signore per Davide?Il suo Dio e il suo Signore è forza che lo salva. È per Lui muro di difesa. Roccia di protezione. Signore Dio, forza che mi salva, proteggi il mio capo nel giorno della lotta.Al suo Dio che è forza che lo salva, Davide chiede che protegga il suo capo nel giorno della lotta. La lotta è ogni giorno. Ogni giorno deve proteggerlo.Non vi è giorno in cui il suo Signore non debba proteggerlo. Non vi è giorno in cui Davide non lo debba invocare. La preghiera deve essere ininterrotta- Una verità però deve stare nel cuore di chi prega. Il Signore non vuole la morte del malvagio, ma che si converta e viva. Il nostro Dio non gode della morte del malvagio. Gode della sua conversione. Il nostro Dio sempre lavora per la conversione dei peccatori. Cristo Gesù non è forse venuto per chiamare i peccatori a penitenza? Non sono forse i malati che hanno bisogno del medico? Anche colui che ama il Signore deve desiderare ciò che il Signore desidera: la conversione dei malvagi e degli empi. Questo vuole il Signore. Questo deve volere ogni persona che ama il Signore. Ecco ora una stupenda professione di fede. Poveri e bisognosi non devono temere. Sempre il loro Dio difende la loro causa.So che il Signore difende la causa dei poveri, il diritto dei bisognosi. Poveri e bisognosi una cosa sola devono fare: rimanere sempre aggrappati al loro Dio e Signore. Di ogni altra cosa è Lui che si interesserà.Questa fede devono sempre vivere, in essa crescere, per essa morire. Ecco un’altra professione di fede. Dio mai abbandonerà i giusti, mai gli uomini retti. Questi saranno sempre oggetto di una particolare sua protezione e cura.Sì, i giusti loderanno il tuo nome, gli uomini retti abiteranno alla tua presenza.I giusti loderanno il nome del Signore e gli uomini retti abiteranno alla presenza del loro Dio, perché sarà Lui a salvarli, sempre.Gesù Signore, il Crocifisso, è il compimento perfetto di questa profezia di Davide. Lui è assiso alla destra del Padre nella gloria del suo corpo.Lui abita alla presenza del Signore per l’eternità come Giudice dei vivi e dei morti, come Signore del cielo e della terra.Il giusto in questa fede deve vivere e morire. Anche dalla morte il Signore lo strapperà e lo condurrà alla sua presenza. So che il Signore difende la causa dei poveri, il diritto dei bisognosi Dossologia Ogni vittima in lui ora canti: egli è il Risorto dai morti ora assiso alla destra del Padre, a lui grazia e potenza nei secoli. Preghiera Tu sei l'unica fonte del diritto dei poveri, Signore, poiché i poveri nei nostri codici non hanno diritti: ascolta la preghiera di questo povero senza nome, preghiera che noi deponiamo - irrorata dal sangue di tutte le vittime del mondo - nel costato sempre aperto del tuo Figlio, perché la santifichi con la sua pietà. Amen. The following forms of substitute decision-making can be made by a principal: General Power of Attorney Limits on powers can be specified. If not, an attorney can make any financial or legal decisions on the principal’s behalf until the power is changed, cancelled or the principal loses capacity or dies. Enduring Powers of Attorney, Financial and Personal (EPOA) Allows the attorney to continue to make both financial and personal decisions when the principal has lost capacity. The Enduring Power of Attorney form now includes provision for both financial and personal attorneys to be appointed. These need not be the same person. The attorney has legal obligations, such as to keep their property separate from the principal’s property. It is wise to provide prospective attorneys with printed information about their responsibilities and duties. Suitable Guidelines are available in “Take Control,” the Office of the Public Advocate’s publication on Power of Attorneys. The date the power is activated and the responsibilities given to the attorney/s can be specified. For example, the Enduring Power of Attorney powers can be drafted so that the power may only take effect when capacity is lost and this is verified by medical evidence. Care should be taken not to just insert the phrase “when I lose capacity” as there can be arguments about who assesses when capacity is lost. The attorney/s can have limits on how they can manage assets. If no limits are given then the attorney/s can make any financial or legal decisions from the date the Power begins until cancelled or changed. More than one attorney can be appointed to act at the same time and the appointment may be joint or several. If a joint appointment is to be made consideration should be given to the availability of possible attorneys, to avoid delay in responding to the principal’s needs. Ask who lives closest, is one attorney overseas or interstate and would having them act jointly be an issue in dealing with the often mundane issues of chemist’s accounts, and the payment of other daily expenses? Clients may ask for certified copies of their Power of Attorney at the time of signing. Unless it is clear that this is immediately necessary for health reasons, you should keep the original and explain a certified copy can be provided at any time in the future when needed. This avoids having copies that can be used immediately, when this may not be necessary or what the Principal intended. Having a valid Enduring Power of Attorney kept in safe storage ensures that if the principal loses capacity in the future the power is always available for use. Personal Powers (formerly Enduring Power of Guardianship (also known as appointment of Enduring Guardian) The personal powers, which are only activated when a principal is unable to make their own decisions, can be limited to particular powers specified. An alternative attorney can be listed in the case that the first attorney is unable to act (e.g. they die, lose capacity or are absent for a period of time). This power relates to lifestyle matters such as where a principal lives, who they interact with and their activities. Responsibilities include making decisions based on wishes expressed by the principal. Care should be taken to ensure the principal fully understands what this may mean for them in the future with regard to who they see and where they live, particularly when clients are contemplating assets for care arrangements and wish to appoint their potential carer. This form of power of attorney must be properly witnessed. One witness must be a person authorised to witness affidavits or a medical practitioner Who can witness affidavits? A list of people who can witness affidavits can be found at justice.vic.gov.au/affidavit Medical Treatment Powers The Medical Treatment Planning and Decisions Act 2016 comes into effect on March 12, 2018. The new Act replaces previous legislation under the Medical Treatment Act. The new Act does not revoke any previous documents which continue to be valid, however the Personal POA will no longer be applicable to health care issues. The purposes of this Act are: - a) To provide for the making of medical treatment decisions when a person has lost the capacity to make their own decisions. The appointed person is called the Medical Decision Maker. - b) To provide for a person to prepare an advance care directive that gives either binding instructions or, is an expression of their values in relation to any future medical treatment. Advance care directives can contain either legally binding instructional directives or expressions of your clients values in relation to treatment. Initially there were no regulations or prescribed forms for these documents except that: - they must be in writing and in English; - must have the full name, date of birth and address of the person making the advance care directive; - must be signed by the person; - must be properly witnessed; (i) For Advance Care directives at least one of the two witnesses must be a registered medical practitioner; (ii) For the appointment of a medical decision maker at least one of the two witnesses must be a registered medical practitioner or a person authorized to take affidavits. After March 12, 2018 check the Office of the Public Advocate for any current forms. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Gazetecilik Bölümü’nde okudu. 1996-2002 yılları arasında Yeni Şafak Gazetesi’nde muhabirlik yaptı. Bazı dergi ve gazetelerde çeşitli makaleleri yayınlandı. 2007-2014 yılları arasında aralıklarla Kaos GL Dergisi’nde yazdı. Kendisi tipik bir Kova burcu kadını ve aynı zamanda Çölyaklı, yani glutene hassasiyeti var. Bir hassasiyeti daha var. Bireysel hak ve özgürlüklerin baskı altına alınmasına ve aşka. In tempi di quarantena Covid in tanti, probabilmente, ci siamo chiesti se ci si può fidare della cosiddetta “saggezza della folla”. Ecco, io non mi fido per niente di tale presunta saggezza, anche se la teoria “sociologica” ha una storia piuttosto curiosa. Siamo nel 1907 a Plymouth in Inghilterra. In una tipica giornata di pioggia, da tutto il Paese una grande folla si era data appuntamento all’annuale Fat Stock and Poultry Exhibition, durante la quale si teneva una gara a chi fosse riuscito a indovinare il peso di un bue ben pasciuto. Parteciparono 800 persone, che avevano trascritto ciascuna la propria stima su un foglietto di carta. Poi il bue fu ucciso e pesato. Quando furono esaminate le previsioni, la media era di 1207 libbre, distante solo l’1 percento dal peso effettivo. Lo scienziato Francis Galton pubblicò quei risultati sulla prestigiosa rivista scientifica “Nature”, concludendone che la saggezza popolare era maggiore di quanto si pensasse. L’articolo di Galton ha cambiato il modo in cui prendiamo le decisioni. Un secolo più tardi, l’idea condivisa da molti è che, non importa se si debba scegliere una strategia di business o il menu di una cena, quanti più cervelli contribuiscono alla decisione, tanto meglio è. La saggezza della folla di James Surowiecki L’idea che la folla sia saggia è stata diffusa in anni recenti (2007) da un famoso libro di James Surowiecki, che si intitola appunto “La saggezza della folla”. Se leggi attentamente il libro, però, noterai che, sotto la superficie del titolo, Surowiecki avverte i suoi lettori che il gruppo è più saggio dell’individuo solo in condizioni molto specifiche. La risposta della folla non è attendibile, ad esempio, quando le persone si influenzano a vicenda e iniziano a pensare in maniera simile invece che sviluppare le proprie opinioni indipendentemente, o quando ci sono soggetti che hanno un accesso privilegiato alle informazioni e non condividono tali informazioni. Tuttavia i lettori di Surowiecki, i media e la maggior parte del mondo, sono rimasti della convinzione che, in linea di principio, due cervelli sono meglio di uno e mille cervelli sono ancora meglio. La verità, però, non è così semplice. Il gruppo può essere saggio, ma può anche comportarsi stupidamente. La saggezza della folla nello stimare il peso del bue Perché la folla di Plymouth nel suo insieme è stata in grado di stimare il peso del bue meglio di un tipico individuo da solo? La risposta ha ben poco a che vedere con la “saggezza”. Se si fa la media delle misure, gli errori possono compensarsi a vicenda, dando un valore migliore. Immagina la folla di Plymouth. Ogni persona calcola un valore del peso del bue, e ciascuna commette un determinato errore, che dipende dal suo punto di vista, dalla sua esperienza, dalla bontà della sua vista e così via. Le stime del peso del bue date dalle persone sono imprecise. La cosa fondamentale, però, è che finiscono per distribuirsi naturalmente intorno al peso reale dell’animale: “racchiudono” la verità. Quando succede, gli errori in eccesso e in difetto si annullano a vicenda, perciò l’ipotesi media di un gruppo finisce per essere vicina al valore vero. Non si tratta di magia, né di saggezza, ma di matematica. Quando la folla non è attendibile Il principio di saggezza della folla vale solo quando vengono rispettati 4 criteri: - 1. La diversità di opinione (ogni persona deve avere un’opinione differente) - 2. L’indipendenza (le opinioni delle persone non devono venire influenzate da quelle altrui) - 3. La decentralizzazione (nessuno deve essere in grado di pilotarla dall’alto) - 4. L’aggregazione (le opinioni devono poter essere aggregate in modo da ottenere un risultato finale). Quando vengono rispettati i 4 criteri? Attualmente, con tutte le connessioni digitali in cui siamo incastrati, credo sia quasi impossibile soddisfare tutti i criteri, ma è solo una mia opinione personale 🙂 La risposta della folla non è attendibile quando le persone si influenzano a vicenda e iniziano a pensare in maniera simile anziché sviluppare le proprie opinioni indipendentemente, o quando ci sono soggetti che hanno un accesso privilegiato alle informazioni e non condividono tali informazioni. Inoltre dobbiamo tenere in considerazione degli “errori” nei processi decisionali che determinano “persone non sagge in folle non attendibili”. #1. Il primo fenomeno è la tendenza del nostro cervello a produrre inconsapevoli distorsioni. Dai pregiudizi cognitivi agli errori nei processi decisionali e nelle previsioni, nel corso dell’evoluzione il cervello umano è diventato sempre più grande, ma ha conservato un’infinità di distorsioni. Ho parlato delle principali distorsioni del nostro cervello nell’articolo: 7 Bias cognitivi su cui fa leva il Neuromarketing #2. Il secondo fenomeno è l’inclinazione umana all’apprendimento sociale. Se per natura cerchiamo negli altri informazioni e indizi su ciò che è vero e, come tutti gli esseri umani, gli individui che consultiamo sono portatori di distorsioni ereditarie, è inevitabile che le falsità a volte crescano quando gli individui si uniscono, creando bolle che si espandono e alla fine scoppiano. Queste distorsioni che si amplificano a valanga anche nei mercati finanziari o le reti online. False convinzioni possono svilupparsi ed espandersi anche fra amici e familiari (falsi ricordi condivisi per anni da fratelli), partner commerciali (aspettative ottimistiche che arrivano alle stelle quando si incontrano due entusiasti) e gruppi culturali (l’idea che il nostro gruppo sia intrinsecamente superiore). Euristica dell’eguaglianza I nostri limiti cognitivi si prestano naturalmente a manipolazioni. Possono essere sfruttati per condizionare i nostri comportamenti, orientando per esempio le nostre scelte politiche o di consumatori. Anziché dare lo stesso peso all’opinione di tutti, prendi in considerazione le informazioni che possono aiutarti a stabilire chi è l’esperto. Tutto questo può sembrare molto antipatico, in particolare pensando alla frequenza con
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ProBlogger.net, Business.com, SocialMediaToday.com ve daha fazlasına katkıda bulundu. فاصله تهران تا آنکارا با هواپیما بهترین زمان برای خرید بلیط هواپیما آنکارا چه موقع است؟ فاصله تهران تا آنکارا با هواپیما پرواز تهران-آنکارا از فرودگاه امام خمینی تا فرودگاه اسنبوغا 2 ساعت و 50 دقیقه طول میکشد. ایرلاین های مسیر تهران آنکارا شرکت های هواپیمایی ایرانایر، بوتا ایرویز، لوفتهانزا، پگاسوس ایرویز، قطر ایرویز و ترکیش ایرلاینز شرکتهای هواپیمایی این مسیر هستند. فاصله تهران تا آنکارا با هواپیما چند کیلومتر است؟ فاصله هوایی تهران تا آنکارا با هواپیما 1697 کیلومتر است. تهران و آنکارا در فاصله هزاروششصد و نود وهفت کیلومتری از یکدیگر قرار دارند. پرواز تهران به آنکارا چه روز های انجام می شود؟ پرواز تهران به آنکارا در هفت روز هفته انجام می شود. پرواز تهران آنکارا از کدام فرودگاه انجام می شود؟ 八方体育官网DavidSprouls被任职为纽约市室内装饰设计学校(NYSID)的第七任校领导。Sprouls先生自2013年一月一日起出任vi版式设计大会。NYSID股东会现任主席兼现任主席兼总理寻找联合会委员会PatriciaM.Sovern博士研究生评价说:“vi版式设计是的优选。” 除开以往六个月出任代理商首席总裁外,Sprouls還是NYSID的长期性聘员。他是2000-2008年的招收主管和2008-二零一一年的招收管理方法高级副总裁。在添加NYSID的11年以前,David曾在奥尔布赖特学校和服装技术学校招收。 Sprouls表明:“vi版式设计是我机遇弘扬NYSID在室内装饰设计教育行业有着近百年老历史时间的非凡传统式,并深深地根植vi版式设计方案和装饰艺术设计的历史时间,对于vi版式设计我觉得十分有幸和激动。” “此项尤为重要的技术专业早已深层次到纽约的文化艺术和经济发展中,而且已经持续发展趋势和发展趋势。NYSID以及学员具备与众不同的vi版式设计优点,vi版式设计能够在住房和商业服务行业(包含兴盛和关键的可浏览性行业)开展领导干部和自主创新,可持续和保健医疗设计方案。我希望令人激动的将来。” Regression Analysis > Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey Test You might find it helpful to read this article first: What is heteroscedasticity? What is the Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey Test? The Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey Test (sometimes shorted to the Breusch-Pagan test) is a test for heteroscedasticity of errors in regression. Heteroscedasticity means “differently scattered”; this is opposite to homoscedastic, which means “same scatter.” Homoscedasticity in regression is an important assumption; if the assumption is violated, you won’t be able to use regression analysis. Running the Test - n = sample size - R2 = R2(Coefficient of Determination) of the regression of squared residuals from the original regression. - k = number of independent variables. The test statistic approximately follows a chi-square distribution. - The null hypothesis for this test is that the error variances are all equal. - The alternate hypothesis is that the error variances are not equal. More specifically, as Y increases, the variances increase (or decrease). A small chi-square value (along with an associated small p-value) indicates the null hypothesis is true (i.e. that the variances are all equal). Note that the Breush-Pagan test measures how errors increase across the explanatory variable, Y. The test assumes the error variances are due to a linear function of one or more explanatory variables in the model. That means heteroskedasticity could still be present in your regression model, but those errors (if present) are not correlated with the Y-values. If you suspect that a small subset of values is causing heteroskedasticity, you can run a modified Breusch-Pagan test on those values alone. Caution: Some authors (including Bickel(1978) and Koenker(1981) have suggested the Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey test statistic may not be accurate for non-normal data. Bickel, P.J., 1978, Using residuals robustly I: Test for heteroscedasticity and nonlinearity, Annals of Statistics 6, 266-291. Breusch, T.S. and A.R. Pagan, 1979, A simple test for heteroscedasticity and random coefficient variation, Econometrica 47, 1287- 1294. Koenker, R., 1981, A note on studentizing a test for heteroscedasticity, Journal of Econometrics 17, 107-l 12. Stephanie Glen. "Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey Test: Definition" From StatisticsHowTo.com: Elementary Statistics for the rest of us! https://www.statisticshowto.com/breusch-pagan-godfrey-test/ Need help with a homework or test question? With Chegg Study, you can get step-by-step solutions to your questions from an expert in the field. Your first 30 minutes with a Chegg tutor is free! Comments? Need to post a correction? Please Contact Us. All the Money in the World, Ridley Scott porta al cinema il rapimento Getty - Natalie Portman nel cast Ridley Scott a Roma per far rivviere il rapimento Getty. Natalie Portman sarà la mamma di John Paul III. Russell Crowe potrebbe tornare in vita con Il Gladiatore 2. Ridley Scott ha un'idea 'credibile'. Il Gladiatore 2, Ridley Scott ha un'idea per il sequel Russell Crowe potrebbe tornare in vita con Il Gladiatore 2. Ridley Scott ha un'idea 'credibile'. Persa Angelina Jolie, in passato avvicinata al progetto, e soprattutto Jack Nicholson, che avrebbe dovuto interpretare il vecchio Getty, il titolo Sony ha imbarcato il premio Oscar Natalie Portman, in trattative per indossare gli abiti di Gail Harris, madre di John Paul. Scott è ora intenzionato a far suo un altro nome da urlo per il ruolo del magnate. Il 10 luglio del 1973 John Paul Getty III, all'epoca 16enne, venne rapito a Roma a piazza Farnese dalla 'Ndrangheta calabrese, facente capo alle 'Ndrine dei Mammoliti, Piromalli e Femia, con la richiesta di un riscatto di diciassette milioni di dollari. Nel novembre dello stesso anno un suo orecchio ed alcune fotografie vennero fatte pervenire dai rapitori ai giornali per sollecitare ulteriori pagamenti, onde indurre l'inflessibile e ricchissimo nonno Paul Getty I a pagare il riscatto. Alla fine della fiera venne pagato un riscatto di un miliardo e settecento milioni di lire, con Getty III liberato sull'autostrada Salerno-Reggio Calabria dopo cinque mesi di segregazione. Getty III è poi diventato il padre dell'attore Balthazar Getty (Lost Highway, Twin Peaks, When We Rise). Sceneggiato da David Scarpa, il film verrà prodotto da Dan Friedkin e Bradley Thomas insieme allo stesso Scott e Mark Huffam e Kevin Walsh, Quentin Curtis e Chris Clark. Via alle riprese in Italia, nel mese di maggio. Fonte: Comingsoon.net نخست وزیر عراق خطاب به وزیر خارجه آمریکا: پایگاه خبری «میدل ایست آی» به نقل از یک مقام ارشد عراقی نوشت ؛ وزیر امور خارجه آمریکا در دیدار با عادل المهدی نخست وزیر عراق خواستار شکل گیری یک توافقنامه جدید با ایران شده بود اما المهدی به او گفته است که ایرانی ها پرونده توافق هسته ای را دوباره باز نمی کنند. Global 35th Anniversary Global 35th Anniversary Era il 1985 quando Yuzo Watanabe ha introdotto il coltello GLOBAL nel mercato giapponese. La visione di progettare un coltello in acciaio inossidabile monopezzo, venne a Watanabe nei primi anni ’80. La fabbrica di Yoshikin procude coltelli tradizionali giapponesi già dal 1954 e come abile produttore di coltelli tradizionali da cucina, sceglie di creare un coltello in acciaio inossidabile monopezzo. La progettazione piace agli esperti produttori della fabbrica, ma Watanabe ingaggia un famoso designer industriale, Komin Yamada, a cui piace l’idea innovativa di un coltello monopezzo in acciaio inossidabile. Nella mentalità dello shokunin (artigiano giapponese) il coltello giapponese tradizionale è la trasformazione dell’acciaio con tecniche perfezionate dalla lavorazione della spade samurai e creare un coltello innovativo come un coltello unipezzo, è fuori dagli standard di produzione dei coltelli giapponesi, non è immediatamente apprezzato e capito. Watanabe e Yamada riescono a sfidare gli artigiani in fabbrica e creano un coltello innovativo, stabilendo un nuovo standard per la produzione di coltelli giapponesi, che è stato perseguito e innovato fino ai giorni nostri. Il designer Komin Yamada cresciuto accanto alle storie del padre impiegato della fabbrica di automobili Nissan, trasferisce la sua maturazione personale di storie di design e aerodinamica automobili, nella progettazione di un coltello con design naturale e semplice, che riflette più di un semplice buon gusto. Senza il design di Komin Yamada i coltelli in Giappone non avrebbero subito una così importante trasformazione del design e non si sarebbe sviluppato il pensiero secondo cui il coltello è un'estensione del braccio dello chef. Yamada viene ispirato per il design dal semplice pesce rosso giapponese che si muove agilmente attraverso l'acqua. Ha immaginato come il nuovo coltello dovrebbe essere modellato, sbalzato ed equilibrato esattamente come il pesce rosso nell'acqua. I giapponesi lo chiamano fukinsei - il naturale equilibrio dell'asimmetria. Il design di qualsiasi coltello implica un'asimmetria naturale, il rapporto tra lama e impugnatura è cruciale per la buona esperienza con il coltello. Se il coltello è troppo pesante, i muscoli della mano e dell'avambraccio sono sovraccarichi. Se il coltello è troppo leggero, diventa non stabile e oscillerà da un lato all'altro. È naturale sentire il coltello come un'estensione del braccio. Il giusto equilibrio e la distribuzione del peso tra impugnatura e lama offrono questa esperienza unica. Con il coltello GLOBAL, i produttori di coltelli di Yoshikin sono riusciti a bilanciare alla perfezione le singole lame. Il segreto dell’eccellente bilanciamento del coltello GLOBAL è il riempiono con sabbia fine dell'impugnatura, esattamente al punto in cui si verifica il perfetto equilibrio. Il coltello Global è costruito con acciaio CROMOVA 18. L’acciaio inossidabile CROMOVA 18 è realizzato secondo le tradizioni giapponesi I coltelli tradizionali giapponesi sono realizzati in acciaio ad alto tenore di carbonio. Ciò contribuisce a una resistenza affidabile, in particolare la durezza e un bordo sottile con una nitidezza unica, ma i coltelli tradizionali giapponesi richiedono anche un'attenta cura sotto forma di pulizia accurata per evitare la ruggine. Yuzo Watanabe nella sua produzione di nuovi coltelli voleva qualcosa di nuovo. Voleva sviluppare una lega d'acciaio con le stesse caratteristiche dei coltelli tradizionali, ma allo stesso tempo, avrebbe avuto una lega che richiedeva meno manutenzione. Il risultato è l’acciaio inossidabile CROMOVA 18. I componenti di base di CROMOVA 18 sono ferro, carbonio e cromo, con il numero 18 che indica la proporzione di cromo. Il cromo conferisce alla lama una maggiore flessibilità, una maggiore resilienza, una migliore ritenzione dei bordi e resistenza alla corrosione. Inoltre, la lega contiene carbonio allo 0,99 percento. Questa quantità di carbonio, che sembra modesta, ha un enorme impatto sulla durezza e sul bordo del coltello. Oltre al carbonio, CROMOVA contiene 18 molibdeno (1,4 percento) e vanadio (0,2 percento), entrambi fattori che contribuiscono in modo significativo alla resistenza dell'acciaio. Ognuno degli artigiani presenti in fabbrica è specializzato solo in una delle tante fasi di produzione che insieme producono il coltello GLOBAL. Alcuni lavorano con lame da taglio, altri con goffratura dei coltelli, altri nella saldatura, mentre altri si concentrano sulla lucidatura o sulla levigatura. Ogni fase del processo produttivo è gestita da artigiani altamente specializzati che, combinando esperienza e manualità, producono i coltelli GLOBAL sulle robuste macchine della fabbrica. La lama del coltello e le due parti che compongono il manico del coltello sono perforate dall'acciaio CROMOVA 18. Le tre parti vengono saldate insieme, quindi i coltelli vengono induriti. Vengono riscaldati più volte a 1020 gradi e quindi raffreddati; questo trattamento aggiunge forza e durezza eccezionali. Prima che il manico venga trattata con biossido di cromo, per far apparire gli iconici punti neri, viene riempita con la giusta quantità di sabbia che conferisce al coltello un perfetto equilibrio. Le fasi finali della produzione riguardano la lucidatura e la molatura. Queste due fasi finali di produzione richiedono molto tempo. La levigatura e la lucidatura ovviamente avvengono a mano. Abili artigiani forniscono la massima nitidezza e assicurano che il coltello appaia completamente senza giunture visibili. Il coltello è affilato da tre diversi artigiani
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feature of cooperative social behaviour is reciprocity, and rough-and-tumble play encapsulates that,” he explains. Other researchers have seen comparable patterns in primates – research that Pellis believes is important for our understanding of humans. “Humans are at least as sophisticated as rats or monkeys,” he says. “Research indicates our not facilitating play is harmful for children. The world is getting more and more complicated, and these days, children are always at the mall or in structured situations. Are we doing them a disservice by not providing opportunities for unregimented and beneficial play?” Sergio and Vivien are collaborating on a book, Making a Playful Brain, that will highlight the significance of their findings in play research. Evolving SOCIETY Her Own Evolving Story Dr. Cynthia Chambers sees herself and her research as very much a product of her lived experience. Chambers grew up in northern communities, and much of her career’s work has centred on Aboriginal themes, particularly Aboriginal language and narrative. Dr. Cynthia Chambers Education Her PhD, for instance, focused on the storytelling quality of Indigenous people’s testimony in a federal inquiry. “Through their stories, I became interested in my own autobiography, and how growing up and living in the North influenced me,” says Chambers. “I started to share my own story with others.” Now as a member of the U of L’s Faculty of Education, Chambers encourages her students to write about their lives. She believes that students and teachers need to comprehend how their own experiences are crucial to understanding what they are studying and teaching. “Writing about life experiences is a way of making a connection between their world and the curriculum,” she says. “Now my mission as a teacher and a researcher is to elevate the story, particularly the life story. Through the use of narrative, I weave in theoretical discourse to help my students make sense of lived experience.” Fittingly, Chamber’s current Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC)-funded projects embody both sides of her story. One project involves working on life-writing with teachers. The other is an investigation of the literacies in an Arctic Aboriginal culture before the introduction of print. “One of the significant features of autobiography that also exists in Indigenous people’s storytelling is that we can begin to view the self in relationship – not only in relationship to self, but the self in relation to others and the land,” she says. “I believe I have a responsibility to pass that knowledge on to my students so that they can become the best teachers they can be.” Health and Welfare As a public health nurse for more than 20 years, U of L health sciences instructor Sharon Yanicki has seen it all. Because of her experiences, this compassionate health promoter and educator is dedicating the next phase of her career to changing some of the critical problems she has witnessed. “My focus is on social inclusion and how to influence social policy,” says Yanicki, who is currently working on her PhD. “There is an evolution in our thinking about health. We’re moving from a biomedical and behavioural focus to looking at broader social determinants of health like income, working conditions, employment, transportation, education and housing.” Yanicki has proven adept at making connections in both the wider and local communities to enable changes in the way people think about health. Among other accomplishments, she served as executive director of the Alberta Public Health Association (APHA) for three years, and last year, she led a provincial collaborative effort that resulted in the first Alberta Public Health Summer School focusing on the determinants of health. As part of her research, she has also been involved with Sharon Yanicki Health Sciences various anti-poverty organizations that have made inroads into engaging communities to take action. In addition, she is planning to undertake her doctoral research in a small rural community and bring together the municipality, schools, church groups, family support groups and health-care providers to go beyond, as Yanicki puts it, “band-aid solutions to address child poverty.” Yanicki does all this while she continues to supervise nursing students in practicum placements throughout southern Alberta. She will also be teaching in the U of L’s new public health degree program starting in the fall. “Nurses see poverty every day but they may or may not be supported when they want to address the root causes of health problems,” says Yanicki – one nurse who is committed to a better way. Birds, Genes, Dodgy Seals U of L zoologist Dr. Theresa Burg has (gently) tackled albatrosses, pried into their philandering behaviour and run a gauntlet of seals – all in her quest to find certain genetic markers in animals that could answer questions of origin and parentage. Dr. Theresa Burg Biological Sciences Burg holding an albatross Photo submitted In Antarctica, Burg dodged seals to gather blood samples from albatrosses and dispelled the common misconception that these endangered birds are faithful to their lifetime mates. She discovered that 25 per cent of the birds have different fathers than their mother’s current mates. More than just interesting bird gossip, this is good news for conservationists trying to save the albatross from extinction. Burg’s albatross research will also help conservation authorities deal with albatross deaths through fishing. By studying the genes of dead birds, she can inform authorities about where those birds came from. This knowledge could lead to closure of fishing lanes at specific times and prevent overfishing practices. Since joining the U of L in 2006, Burg’s fieldwork occurs in the warmer (but buggier) environs of North America and is focused on genetic markers in chickadees and woodpeckers. Her research shows evidence of the evolutionary changes in these birds since the last ice age. “There appears to be higher levels of variation in the species in areas that were unglaciated [not covered in ice] versus areas that were,” says Burg. “Understanding this phenomenon can help us to determine what process led to the creation of new species of birds.” U of L researchers and students explore evolutionary themes to answer a variety of questions ... The Evolution of Marketing A few decades ago, marketing strategies were focused purely on profit. Corporations today have evolved more towards an attitude of social responsibility, and current marketing reflects this evolution. University of Lethbridge management professor Roberto Bello conducts research on the concept of social responsibility as well as the impact that corporate activities have on consumer behaviour. According to Bello, practising social responsibility means that corporations should acknowledge and act upon their accountability to consumers, the government and the community. He explains that such actions involve advising consumers as to the proper use and disposal of products, replacing resources taken from communities and hiring local people with fair salaries and benefits. “It is, to a certain degree, easy for marketers to influence public opinion. I think that power should be used not only to increase profit, but also to benefit society,” says Bello, who strives to instill this philosophy of social responsibility in his students. Bello also emphasizes the role of the consumer in the marketing process. “The Internet and other communication tools provide consumers with the knowledge and power to pressure corporations to be socially responsible,” says Bello. “Corporations are increasingly realizing the importance of consumers’ opinions and are engaging in more open communication with them.” Unfortunately, true social responsibility has not yet permeated all industry sectors. Bello explains that some corporations use a strategy called green washing. “These corporations claim to be socially responsible, but they use social responsibility as a catch phrase and competitive advantage, rather than a corporate value,” he says. As consumer power grows, Bello predicts that marketing will evolve away from green washing and more towards true social responsibility – an evolution that will capture the attention of researchers like Bello as it unfolds. Roberto Bello Management research furthers innovation and teaching at the University of Lethbridge BEYOND Behaviour and Evolution Research Group examines everything from octopus behaviour to sexual preferences The subject of evolution typically brings to mind thoughts of apes and Charles Darwin, but it tells a larger story about how the world is organized, socially and biologically. The University of Lethbridge’s Behaviour and Evolution Research Group (BERG) is working to unravel the mysteries underlying human and animal behaviour of all kinds – from helping behaviour to mate selection – in evolutionary terms. “In all cases, basically you’re asking, ‘How did this behaviour evolve over the long term?’ Not only what is its functional or adaptive significance, but also the whole evolutionary history of the behaviour,” says BERG member Dr. Paul Vasey, a behavioural scientist in the Department of Psychology whose own work focuses on non-conceptive sexual behaviours in humans and Japanese monkeys. BERG has attracted a host of worldrenowned researchers from a number of different disciplines – including psychology, neurology and biology – who work together in an interdisciplinary fashion to answer research questions. “I really think that’s a strength because if you’re able to draw on the best of what different fields have to offer, that can be nothing but a good thing in terms of how you are able to conduct your research,” says Vasey. “Ultimately, we are trying to best characterize how the social or cognitive world organizes itself.” Vasey explains that, in addition to laboratory work, fieldwork is a major part of BERG research. Faculty and graduate students conduct research at sites across the world, including Independent Samoa, Belgium, Bonaire, France, Israel, Japan, South Africa, Panama and Texas. Both the fieldwork and the interdisciplinary nature of the research group are of enormous advantage to graduate students who receive mentorship from the entire research team, not solely their supervisors, says Vasey. Like BERG’s faculty, its graduate students are a diverse group and, like their mentors, many of these up-and-coming scholars seamlessly blend lab and fieldwork. Doctoral student Shannon Digweed is exploring the vocal calls of the red squirrel, a species known for being bossy and loud, but also for living independently. For several summers, she’s been tracking the squirrels in Alberta’s Sheep River Provincial Park, recording the alarm calls they make in the presence of predators to determine if their sounds are referential (acting as a ‘word’ referring to a particular situation). If the vocal calls are indeed referential, this could mean the squirrel isn’t only trying to deter predators, but is also alerting its peer species to danger (which would be surprising, since the species is solitary). This result would also suggest that referential sounds don’t require as much intelligence as previously thought (many assumed only largebrained mammals like monkeys were capable of this). “As humans, we bring so many biases to our research. Because we can do things this way, we automatically assume animals must be doing it this way too,” Digweed says. “In BERG, we try to take a bottom-up approach to things – start with the simple, and go from there.” She adds that what she learns about squirrel communication can be extrapolated to many other animals – including humans – to learn more about how and why language is created. Post-doctoral fellow Dr. Danny Krupp’s research focuses on human behaviour, namely cooperation and conflict and mating behaviour. The cooperation and conflict portion of his work focuses primarily on how human faces affect decision-making. “I’m interested in how we can manipulate the way that faces look – we call them facial phenotypes – to bring out more or less cooperative behaviour,” Krupp explains. “The classic example is if faces look more like you – self-resembling faces – your psychology Doctoral student Shannon Digweed Photo by Dr. Drew Rendall “In all cases, basically you’re asking, ‘How did this behaviour evolve over the long term?’” Dr. Paul Vasey should be set up to infer that those faces are, in fact, kin.” Krupp is exploring whether a number of other types of faces – including healthy or unhealthy faces – have any bearing on willingness to cooperate. His research involves using experimental games, in which subjects can choose to help other players – whose faces are manipulated – or choose their own financial gain. He’s also planning a mate selection experiment to measure subconscious preferences of all kinds using a process resembling an eye exam (this will be the world’s second study using the technique). When looking into an instrument, subjects will receive images of static in their dominant eye (of which they will be conscious) and images of men and women in the other (of which they won’t). A square or circle will appear suddenly in the place of one of the images; whether the subject recalls the shape will suggest a preference. “The whole idea is that people attend to the things that they like. If you’re interested in men, you’ll pay attention to men; if you’re interested in women, you’ll pay attention to women,” says Krupp. “Attention has almost certainly been designed by natural selection to help guide decision-making. People are expected to pay attention to the things that matter to them.” Because BERG’s graduate students study a wide range of research topics, they benefit from the expertise of a team of faculty members who are eager to help them. Vasey sums up BERG’s approach to mentorship with an old phrase: It takes a village to raise a child. “A graduate student doesn’t just come into the department and become isolated and only interact with their supervisor. That’s absolutely not the way it is,” says Vasey. “The students really do interact with everyone and benefit research furthers innovation and teaching at the University of Lethbridge Post-doctoral fellow Dr. Danny Krupp Dr. Paul Vasey (left) Photo submitted 自噪声监测系统(SNMS) 对于潜水艇和船而言,声波标记管理非常关键。Ask an Expert Brüel & Kjær自噪声监测系统(SNMS)是一种永久安装集成的潜水艇和其他船振动和噪音监测解决方案。 声波探测和识别技术变得越来越高级精密。随着这些技术的发展,声隐蔽性战略也必须随之发展进步。为保持声隐蔽性,必须考虑船的所有噪声源,包括船上人员、船载设备和气效应、以及船整体所辐射的噪声标记。 Brüel & Kjær有着水下声学和测试解决方案的广泛经验,可用于特殊应用任务,包括调查、分析、识别噪声源,验证高级设计。 系统建议 SNMS建立在Brüel & Kjær的商用现货产品PULSE平台基础之上,集成了LAN-XI数据采集硬件和PULSE软件应用,能提供噪声源监测和分析的完全集成解决方案。 系统由以下成分构成:永久安装的传感器(船体加速度计和外部水听器)、传感器电源、数据采集、数据分析、储存和显示、数据界面。系统增强包括便携式测振仪和便携系统,执行限时任务。 Sıfıra Çıkmak Matematiğin basit kuralları vardır. En temel hesaplamalara dört işlem deriz. Toplarsın, çıkarırsın, bölersin ve çarparsın. Bu işlemlerin de kendine göre kural ve kaideleri vardır. Mesela, sıfır sayısı toplamada etkisiz eleman diye adlandırılır. Hangi sayıya eklersen ekle sıfırı, etkisi yoktur. Anlamsızdır. Çıkarma da öyle. Bir sayıdan sıfırı çıkarırsan o sayıyı bulursun. Sıfır ha var ha yok, çünkü etkisi yoktur. Fakat konu çarpma ve bölmeye geldi mi, işin rengi değişir. Bir sayıyı sıfıra bölemezsiniz, bölmeyi denersiniz de, sonuç tanımsız çıkar. Asıl mevzu herhangi sayıyı sıfırla çarpma mevzusu. Hangi sayıyı sıfırla çarparsanız çarpın, ister 1 olsun bu, ister 1.000. veya 1 milyon, 1 trilyon, farketmez. Sıfırla çarpınca elinizde sıfır kalır. Bu kadar matematik girişini niye yaptık? Şundan; imtihan alanı olan dünya hayatında elde ettiğimiz manevî kazançları ahirete götüremeden sıfıra çıkartmayalım diye. Burada sıfır neyin sembolüdür? Amelleri, ibadetleri, iyilikleri, sadakaları, çalışmaları boşa çıkartan neyse onun sembolü...Ömür boyunca çalışıp çabalayan, kazanıp biriktiren akıllı bir tüccar servetini bir anda sıfıra çıkartmak ister mi? İstemez. Tam tersine servetini katlamak ister. Manevî kazanç meselesini de, biraz cahil cesaretiyle, buna benzetebiliriz. Amellerin de çarpanı vardır. Ya sıfıra çıkartır ya kazancı katlar. Bu çarpan maneviyattır. Muhabbettir. Allah dostlarına duyulan sevgidir. Onlarla birlikte bulunmak, onlara gönülden hizmet etmektir. Allah ́ın izniyle bu özelliklere sahip olan kişinin mükafatı kat be kat artar. Amellerini bir sayıya benzetirsek, kendisinden çok daha büyük bir sayıyla çarpılmış gibi bir kazanç ortaya çıkar. Kişinin kendisi bile bu duruma şaşırır. Eğer tam tersine kişide muhabbet yoksa, Allah dostlarına karşı hürmet yoksa, hizmet yoksa, amelleri çok büyük bir sayı gibi olsa bile, sıfırla çarpılmış sayının akıbetine uğrar; sıfıra çıkar. Osman Hulûsi Efendi (k.s.) 1988 yılında umre ziyaretinde, aslen Suriye ́li olup, Medine-i Münevvere ́de vaizlik görevinde bulunan Seyyid Ömer ile birlikte bir sohbette iken şöyle buyurur: “Ebu Zer Gıfarî (r.a.) Hazretleri ́nin bir kelamı var, ‘İbadet-i taatte belin yay gibi olsa (şehadet parmağını bükerek) Ehl-i Beyti sevip hizmet etmedikçe amelin makbul olmaz.” Burada zikredilen kişlerin günümüzde örnekleri çoğlamaya başladı, zaman zaman duyuyor, görüyor, karşılaşıyoruz. Daha tehlikeli bir durum ise İslâm âlimi kisvesi altında İslâm düşmanlığı yapanların arz-ı endam etmesi ve bir kısım cahilleri peşlerinden sürüklemesi. Bunlar, Ehl-i Sünnet akaidine ve Allah dostlarına, Ehl-i Beyt ́e karşı anlaşılmaz bir düşmanlık besleyen nasipsizler güruhu... Buhari ́nin, ‘Rikak ́ bölümünde zikredilen bir hadis-i kudside: “Allahu Teâlâ Hazretleri şöyle ferman buyurdu: ‘Kim benim veli kuluma düşmanlık ederse ben de ona harp
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kinds of noninvasive instruments and fine-tuned software to connect two human brains in real time. The process is fairly straightforward. One participant is hooked to an electroencephalography machine that reads brain activity and sends electrical pulses via the Web to the second participant, who is wearing a swim cap with a transcranial magnetic stimulation coil placed near the part of the brain that controls hand movements. Using this setup, one person can send a command to move the hand of the other by simply thinking about that hand movement. The UW study involved three pairs of participants. Each pair included a sender and a receiver with different roles and constraints. They sat in separate buildings on campus about a half mile apart and were unable to interact with each other in any way — except for the link between their brains. Each sender was in front of a computer game in which he or she had to defend a city by firing a cannon and intercepting rockets launched by a pirate ship. But because the senders could not physically interact with the game, the only way they could defend the city was by thinking about moving their hand to fire the cannon. Across campus, each receiver sat wearing headphones in a dark room — with no ability to see the computer game — with the right hand positioned over the only touchpad that could actually fire the cannon. If the brain-to-brain interface was successful, the receiver’s hand would twitch, pressing the touchpad and firing the cannon that was displayed on the sender’s computer screen across campus. Researchers found that accuracy varied among the pairs, ranging from 25 to 83 percent. Misses mostly were due to a sender failing to accurately execute the thought to send the “fire” command. The researchers also were able to quantify the exact amount of information that was transferred between the two brains. Another research team from the company Starlab in Barcelona, Spain, recently published results in the same journal showing direct communication between two human brains, but that study only tested one sender brain instead of different pairs of study participants and was conducted offline instead of in real time over the Web. Now, with a new $1 million grant from the W.M. Keck Foundation, the UW research team is taking the work a step further in an attempt to decode and transmit more complex brain processes. With the new funding, the research team will expand the types of information that can be transferred from brain to brain, including more complex visual and psychological phenomena such as concepts, thoughts and rules. They’re also exploring how to influence brain waves that correspond with alertness or sleepiness. Eventually, for example, the brain of a sleepy airplane pilot dozing off at the controls could stimulate the copilot’s brain to become more alert. The project could also eventually lead to “brain tutoring,” in which knowledge is transferred directly from the brain of a teacher to a student. “Imagine someone who’s a brilliant scientist but not a brilliant teacher. Complex knowledge is hard to explain — we’re limited by language,” said co-author Chantel Prat, a faculty member at the Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences and a UW assistant professor of psychology. Other UW co-authors are Joseph Wu of computer science and engineering; Devapratim Sarma and Tiffany Youngquist of bioengineering; and Matthew Bryan, formerly of the UW. The research published in PLOS ONE was initially funded by the U.S. Army Research Office and the UW, with additional support from the Keck Foundation. - Rajesh P. N. Rao, Andrea Stocco, Matthew Bryan, Devapratim Sarma, Tiffany M. Youngquist, Joseph Wu, Chantel S. Prat. A Direct Brain-to-Brain Interface in Humans. PLoS ONE, 2014; 9 (11): e111332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111332 Il supervisore degli effetti speciali di Il Trono di Spade conferma che il metalupo di Jon Snow sarà molto presente nella stagione finale Se siete anche voi dei fan di Ghost, il metalupo bianco di Jon Snow, allora gioite, poiché sarà un vero protagonista della prossima stagione di Il Trono di Spade! Il supervisore degli effetti speciali Joe Bauer ha confermato che Ghost ritornerà nella stagione 8. Il personaggio non è stato visto per tutta la stagione 7, ma è stato menzionato solo una volta. “Oh, lo rivedrai. Ha una discreta quantità di tempo sullo schermo nella Stagione 8”, ha detto Bauer riguardo a Ghost. “Si fa vedere... è molto presente e fa cose interessanti nella Stagione 8.” Lo sceneggiatore di Il Trono di Spade Bryan Cogman ha rivelato all’inizio di quest’anno che Ghost sarebbe dovuto apparire in una breve scena nella Stagione 7, ma il momento è stato tagliato dalle riprese. Secondo Bauer, la mancanza dei metalupi nella scorsa stagione era dovuta a una ragione completamente pratica. “I metalupi sono difficili perché non vuoi farli sbagliati, quindi finiamo sempre per girare con dei lupi veri e poi li modifichiamo, ma i veri lupi si comportano in un certo modo”, ha detto Bauer. “Penso che abbia qualcosa a che fare con il motivo per cui i metalupi sono nello show, ma non sono così presenti come nei libri”. Nella serie della HBO rimangono solo due metalupi: Ghost e Nymeria. Quest’ultima è apparsa nel secondo episodio della stagione 7, quando ha avuto una breve riunione con Arya nei boschi. La HBO rilascerà l’ultima stagione dello show il prossimo anno. La rete non ha ancora annunciato una data di rilascio ufficiale. 均线角度是一种表示市场趋势发展强度的度量,角度越大,说明市场越激烈。当均线沿原来方向运行的角度变大时,说明市场开始加速。在一个上升趋势中,如果短期均线从较小的角度开始变大,均线向上头,说明市场开始进入快速拉升时期,这也是短线买入的时机。 案例:银河磁体(300127) 图1是银河磁体(300127)的一段日K线走势图。图中显示的是一段下跌趋势的下跌、见底和反弹的市场变化过程。在这个过程中,需要关注的是市场到底见底没有?买入点在什么地方?适合短线还是中线波段?什么时候卖出?这四个问题其实就是波段操作中需要解决的根本问题。这几个问题解决了,波段操作就能够获得成功。 图1 假设当前市场是在图中的2011年7月12日,此时短期均线MA5已经上穿MA30和MA60,说明市场原有的下降趋势已经发生改变。MA30刚刚向上转向,说明市场中期向上趋势正在形成。这些分析说明市场已经见底,并有上涨的迹象。当天市场收出了一根中阳线,并且向上突破MA5,成交量明显放大,MA5向上运行的角度也明显增大。这说明市场确定了底部后,有向上短期拉升的预兆,因此7月12日这天就是短线波段买入的时机。随后股价向上大幅拉升。当市场连续出现带长上影线的K线,以及一根重要的顶部反转流星线时,说明市场短期见顶,MA5向下转向也证明了这一点,因此短线波段操作需执行卖出操作。 Copperheads prefer terrestrial to semi-aquatic habitats, which include rocky-forested hillsides and various wetlands. They have also been known to occupy abandoned and rotting slab or sawdust piles. Overall, the species inhabits the Florida panhandle north to Massachusetts and west to Nebraska. The Northern Copperhead (A. c. mokasen) inhabits northern Georgia and Alabama north to Massachusetts and west to Illinois. The Southern Copperhead (A. c. contortrix) inhabits the Florida panhandle north to Southern Delaware and west to SE Missouri, SE Oklahoma and E Texas. Georgia Wildlife Web Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America. A Peterson Field Guide. Roger Conant and Joseph Collins 3rd Edition. Houghton Mifflin, New York, NY. 1998. 【专利下载】【专利代理】【商标和版权申请】Tel:18215660330 ar眼镜 技术领域 1.本实用新型涉及虚拟现实技术领域,特别涉及一种ar眼镜。背景技术: 2.ar是augmented reality的简称,通常译为增强现实技术,是指一种将虚拟信息与真实世界巧妙融合的技术,用户可以通过佩戴ar眼镜进行ar体验。然而,相关技术中的ar通常不能收折,不便于携带。能收折的ar眼镜也只能是两个镜腿相向转动收折在镜片的一侧,收折后的ar眼镜厚度也比较大,在收纳在眼镜盒内时,眼镜盒需要制作得比较后,不便于携带和存放。技术实现要素: 3.本实用新型的主要目的是提供一种ar眼镜,旨在提高ar眼镜携带、存放的便利性。 4.为实现上述目的,本实用新型提出的ar眼镜包括镜架和镜片,所述镜架包括: 5.镜框,所述镜框设有安装孔,所述镜片安装于所述安装孔内,定义所述 ar眼镜具有平视方向,在垂直于平视方向的平面上,所述镜框具有长度方向和垂直于长度方向的宽度方向;和 6.镜腿,所述镜腿设有两个,两所述镜腿活动连接于所述镜框于长度方向上相对的两侧,所述ar眼镜具有使用状态和收折状态,所述ar眼镜处于使用状态时,两所述镜腿架设于所述镜框于长度方向上相对的两侧,所述ar 眼镜处于收折状态时,两所述镜腿收折于所述镜框于宽度方向上相对的两侧。 7.在本技术的一例实施例中,所述镜腿包括: 8.镜腿主体;和 9.转接轴,一所述镜腿的所述转接轴转动连接于所述镜框于长度方向上相对两侧的其中一侧,所述转接轴的轴向沿所述长度方向设置,所述镜腿主体连接于所述转接轴背离所述镜框的一端,并能够朝向或背离镜框方向转动。 10.在本技术的一例实施例中,所述镜腿主体与所述转接轴连接的一端凸设有两个连接片,两所述连接片间隔设置,所述镜腿还包括连接轴,所述连接轴连接于两所述连接片之间,所述转接轴背离所述镜框的一端套设于所述连接轴,所述连接轴的轴向垂直于所述长度方向。 11.在本技术的一例实施例中,所述转接轴的至少部分结构凸显于所述镜框背离所述安装孔一侧的表面,以间隔所述镜腿主体与所述镜框。 12.在本技术的一例实施例中,两所述镜腿相对的一侧设有卡接槽,所述ar 眼镜处于收折状态时,一所述镜腿的卡接槽扣合于所述镜框于宽度方向上相对两侧的其中一侧。 13.在本技术的一例实施例中,所述ar眼镜还包括摄像模组,所述摄像模组设于所述镜框。 14.在本技术的一例实施例中,所述摄像模组设于所述镜框于长度方向上的中部。 15.在本技术的一例实施例中,所述镜架设有散热孔,所述散热孔设于所述镜腿和/或所述镜框。 16.在本技术的一例实施例中,所述散热孔设于所述镜腿时,一所述镜腿的散热孔设于背离另一所述镜腿的一侧。 17.在本技术的一例实施例中,所述镜架还设有开关,所述开关设于所述镜腿背离另一所述镜腿的一侧; 18.和/或,所述镜腿连接于所述镜框于宽度方向上的中部; 19.和/或,所述镜片为一片式镜片。 20.本实用新型技术方案提供的ar眼镜包括镜架和镜片,其中镜架包括镜框和镜腿,ar眼镜具有使用状态和收折状态。当用户打开ar眼镜的镜腿使ar 眼镜处于使用状态时,即两个镜腿架设在镜框长度方向上的相对两侧时,用户可以佩戴该ar眼镜进行ar体验。当用户不使用ar眼镜时,可以将ar眼镜的镜腿收折起来使ar眼镜处于收折状态,此时ar眼镜的镜腿将被收折于镜框在宽度方向上的两侧。本技术提供的ar眼镜可在收折状态时,将镜腿收折在镜框宽度方向上相对的两侧,以减小ar眼镜收折后在平视方向上的厚度,从而使收折后的ar眼镜更薄,便于ar眼镜的携带和存放。 附图说明 21.为了更清楚地说明本实用新型实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本实用新型的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。 22.图1为本实用新型ar眼镜处于收折状态时的结构示意图; 23.图2为图1所示的ar眼镜处于收折/打开过程中的结构示意图; 24.图3为图1所示的ar眼镜处于使用状态时的结构示意图; 25.图4为图3所示的a处的局部放大图; 26.图5为图1所示的ar眼镜显示摄像模组的结构示意图。 27.附图标号说明: 28.标号名称标号名称100ar眼镜131镜腿主体10镜架133转接轴11镜框135连接片11a安装孔137连接轴13镜腿15摄像模组13a卡接槽17开关13b散热孔30镜片 29.本实用新型目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例,参照附图做进一步说明。 具体实施方式 30.下面将结合本实用新型实施例中的附图,对本实用新型实施例中的技术方案进行 清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本实用新型的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本实用新型中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本实用新型保护的范围。 31.需要说明,本实用新型实施例中所有方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后 ...... )仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等,如果该特定姿态发生改变时,则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。 32.另外,在本实用新型中涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外,全文中出现的“和/或”的含义为,包括三个并列的方案,以“a和/或b为例”,包括a方案,或b方案,或a和b同时满足的方案。另外,各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合,但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础,当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在,也不在本实用新型要求的保护范围之内。 33.ar眼镜100是一种应用虚拟现实技术的产品,ar眼镜100包括镜片30 和镜架10,模拟仿真处理后的虚拟物体可以与真实环境重叠,以使用户能够通过镜片30观看到在同一个画面以及空间中同时存在的真实环境和虚拟物体,从而让用户获得ar体验。 34.参照图1至图5,本实用新型提出一种ar眼镜100。参见图3,图3中a 所示的方向为平视方向,b所示的方向为长度方向,c所示的方向为宽度方向。 35.在本实用新型实施例中,该ar眼镜100包括镜架10和镜片30,镜架10 包括镜框11和镜腿13,镜框11设有安装孔11a,镜片30安装于安装孔11a 内,定义ar眼镜100具有平视方向,在垂直于平视方向的平面上,镜框11 具有长度方向和垂直于长度方向的宽度方向,镜腿13设有两个,两镜腿13 活动连接于镜框11于长度方向上相对的两侧,ar眼镜100具有使用状态和收折状态,ar眼镜100处于使用状态时,两镜腿13架设于镜框11于长度方向上相对的两侧,ar眼镜100处于收折状态时,两镜腿13收折于镜框11于宽度方向上相对的两侧。 36.其中,镜片30的形状可以根据实际需求进行设置,例如,镜片30可以为方形、圆形或者其他不规则形状,在此不作进一步限制。安装孔11a的形状对应镜片30的形状设置。平视方向即为用户两眼平着向前看的方向,在用户佩戴ar眼镜100时,长度方向可以理解为用户的头宽方向或者眼间距方向,宽度方向可以理解为用户的头长,即用户立正时头在身高方向上的长度。镜腿
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reason we shall give now an infallible mark of identification. Wherever there is a people, wherever we are dealing with real peoples, there we shall never find a trace of ideology. And with the same certainty it may be said that, wherever there is a mass, we shall also find an ideology. The mass needs an ideology, and needs it the more urgently, the closer technology approaches perfection. An ideology becomes indispensable because apparatus and organization are not enough, because they do not satisfy the human need for moral support and spiritual comfort without which a man cannot exist. There is no doubt that the efforts of the technician have intensified the spiritual vacuum, that feeling of emptiness, to the same degree that he has constricted the scope of human life. And so the horror vacui, the horror of the void, is part of the technician's world; in many forms this horror enters into human consciousness: as a feeling of depression, of boredom, of futility, lack of purpose, nervousness and mechanical restlessness. As soon as we concern ourselves with ideologies, we are touching also another related problem, that of the actor. Since this problem belongs in our analysis we must ask, whence comes the growing influence and importance of the actor in our modern world? The actor – of the cinema, for instance – is part and parcel of some huge organization which manufactures lifelike dreams with a highly technical apparatus. Since the technological impoverishment of life creates a popular craving for a dream-world and since these dreams are being mass-produced in dream factories, it follows that the influence of the actor grows in step with the progress of technology. This also becomes manifest in other realms of the make-believe, such as the growing influence of advertising and propaganda. Mass production of photographs is another correlated field. It is no accident that the actor is the most photographed man, the man whose picture meets one everywhere, so that the impression arises that to be photographed is the actor's main occupation, that he must constantly prostitute himself. For we are obviously dealing here with an act of prostitution. As long as the comedian was a member of a caste, a class, or an order, as long, that is, as there was a hierarchy of society, the actor was always looked upon with distrust. This distrust was nowhere stronger than among the peasant class; indeed, we might say that wherever there is a peasant class, there is also an insurmountable distrust of the comedian. But masses feel very different in this respect. Today, when no idea of class is associated with the comedian; when, moreover, we find the comedian in every walk of life, including politics, distrust has been replaced by acclaim and contempt has given room to worship. Just as substitute foods sneak into our nutrition, so do feelings insinuate themselves into our thinking. In a world largely dominated by machinery and organization, happiness can no longer find a niche. There is just as little room for happiness there as in a causal chain, or in the relation of means to ends. But to an individual, locked in his human misery, as in a tower, this is an unbearable condition. Where he has no longer any chance – and the strict organization puts an end to his chances – he must have at least the illusion of chance, some utopian dream of happiness. What makes every kind of socialism utopian is that it blueprints dream castles of happiness that cannot be realized. For since socialism aims to give to everybody his share, that is, since socialism distributes chances according to its own notions of justice, it equalizes and thereby nullifies them all. Nobody is so utterly lacking in imagination as the planner of utopias, who tries in vain to hide this lack behind his logic. If the Lord and Creator of this globe had made it so that everything were based on justice, there would be no happiness in this world. There would be neither a happy man nor even a lucky one. The world would be as hard and as rigid as those scales held by the goddess of justice on which merit is weighed. In the same way, no happiness would exist in a completely "just" social organization, if it were ever followed to its logical conclusion. There could only be promotions according to some point system of merit, and some well-earned pension upon retirement. Precisely because such a social organization is built completely upon duty and reward, love and grace and happiness would be excluded from it; they could find room only outside of it. That kind of life is wholly intolerable to human beings, even to those who have conformed to technical organization. Even though mechanized man is not happy, he is unwilling to give up the chance of at least a stroke of good luck, be it only in the sweepstakes. In fact, he clings to this chance the more strongly, the less his prospects of realizing it. And why not give him the chance? There is nothing in this world easier or cheaper than to hand out chances, since they are always distributed in exact proportion to the blanks. If one cannot make man happy, one can still make him a candidate for a hit of good fortune. Moreover, in a state of advanced technology, illusions can be mass-produced by industry. Thus, the movie industry holds out to the tired employee of mechanization the images of happiness in love, of wealth, and of imaginary worlds of gracious living. And is not the comedian the man of chances, the chance-dispenser, the chance-magician par excellence? And are not the spectators indebted to the comedian as he plays fortune's role for them? The spectators, moreover, identify themselves with the make-believe and the game of chances. The audience needs a symbol, an ideal, a hero, and the comedian who is none of these is at the same time the only one who can enact such roles. The idea of play-acting, which means change of role and character, implies that the comedian cannot have much character or stature of his own. Neither is the happy-go-lucky human type of any stature. But this human type, the average fan of the movies and the radio, is perfectly happy to watch his own role being played by those to whom "everything happens" on the silver screen. As was already mentioned, the meaning of publicity and propaganda is understood by only a very few people. The public by and large sees only their business aspects and explains them by the rules of competition, the economic struggle which is conceived as part of the struggle for survival. But why is it that advertising and propaganda are marching apace with technical progress? Why is it that they are becoming the foremost exploits of that progress and spread all over the earth? Why is it that publicity experts and professional propagandists begin to practice psychology in order to increase still more the penetrating, insinuating, enchanting power of their claims? Finally, what is the greatest obstacle which impedes the success of these endeavors? It is simply that the promises are not credible, and that it is not easy to hide the large portion of humbug they contain. Hence that pastedon, poster-like quality of these claims; hence also their invariable appearance as fillers of bare spots and empty places. In fact, it seems that the very volume of advertising and propaganda proffers an excellent yardstick for the extent to which our lives have become emptied, have become whited sepulchers, the bare facades of which can be pasted over with anything. How far are publicity and propaganda effective? What are their limits? As we have stated, they can capture only things which are technical products, preferably mass products, and they can influence only those who are susceptible to these things. Everything else remains outside their sphere. To mass production in manufacture there corresponds mass reproduction in the means of advertising. Advertising supplies only the picture of whatever it deals with, together with the promises and incantations it uses for a magic wand. The fact that people also are being advertised and published is by no means a contradiction to this formula. The comedian, for instance, is preeminently suitable for being published because he is playing a role, and only in so far as he plays a role has he that mass appeal which warrants mass reproduction of his future. We do not mean to say that the comedian is nothing outside his role, although the part his role plays in his life may well be so large that little else is left. But here we are not concerned with what the comedian may be outside his role. For even where publicity plays up an actor's "private life," it shows him in a role. Publicity is not concerned with anyone who does not "play a role." The role then is not only something put on, but also something that is repeatable. And being repeatable, it acquires that smoothness that life does not possess, that selfsame smoothness which we find in the comedian's face, a face both mobile and rigid, agile and tense, but role-conscious always, as long as it is on the stage. If we catch it off guard, however, and alone, we see it helpless and in agony, slack and empty. Is there a creature more miserable than the actor who plays no part? XXX - SELF-DECEPTION BY PHOTOGRAPHY In a world of pure being, that is, in a world in which there can be no change, propaganda could not exist, no more than a difference between being and appearance, truth and falsehood. No deception could enter such a world – there would be no openings, no crevices to admit it. There could not even be such shadows as Plato believed to be cast by thought, shadows which came between the things and the ideas of things. Wherever the ideas formed in the human mind begin to predominate, there a process of separation sets in: the prototypes vanish while the images we are forming of them multiply. Without this process of ideation no science could have developed. For only as we begin to form ideas of things, does our reason demand to have these things explained. Without this separation between things and ideas, there would be no explanations forthcoming from the human mind. In mythology, for instance, the myth has no need to explain itself. It is only in the later stages of antiquity that philosophers attempt to explain myths. Euhemerus of Cyrene, for one, declared the ancient myths to be apotheoses of outstanding human beings. Others explained them as symbols and allegories of events in nature or in history. For a modern example of this separation between actual things and the images we form of them, let us consider photography. When we ask: How is this photographic picture made? any expert or technical dictionary will explain the chemical processes on which photography is based. This explanation does not interest us at all here. What interests us is quite another question, namely, how photography has come into existence. Why is it that only as late as 1802, Wedgwood and Davy invented a method of exposing paper saturated with silver nitrate to the darkening influence of light, and in that way produced pictures? What is the significance of the use of the camera obscura, heliography, or the daguerreotype that first operated with sensitized glass plates and mercury developers? Superficially seen, all this but shows the stage-by-stage development of photo techniques, improvements which still continue. But the significant aspect of this development which goes unobserved is this: at first, it was impossible to make the picture lightproof, to fixate it. The white outline that had been caught kept on darkening when exposed to light, until it disappeared. Next, difficulties arose in the process of mechanical copying. Only by the use of numerous exposures and elaborate processes, Daguerre finally succeeded in making a copy. The problem of mechanical reproduction from the negative was not really solved before the invention of the collodion process. Looking at the old daguerreotypes, one has the feeling that these pictures were split off from the prototype with much greater difficulty than in modern photography and that consequently more of the prototype has entered into the picture. This is the reason why the old photographs seem to us somehow more significant, more faithful or even convincing. It is as if in those days man had been harder to photograph, and not just because the techniques had not yet been worked out. This impression is not deceptive. For obviously, the photographic process could be invented only after man had become psychologically ready to be photographed. The new invention, in other words, signifies a change of mind. It was in the degree that the human model adapted itself to portrayal by photography that the new techniques developed. The difficulty of making a lightproof picture was not merely a technical one. In order to bring the copying process to the automatic dependability it has today, it was necessary to overcome obstacles, not only of a technical nature, but also obstacles that lay in the human model itself. And, perhaps, it was just these human obstacles which challenged the inventors and made the improvements of technique worthwhile to them. For today, one often has the impression that photography is getting to be boresome. We can no longer escape the suspicion that the rising tide of copied reality contains an element of selfdeception. As they are reproduced in millions, the reality behind these pictures wears thin, turns vague and the old charm evaporates. The photographic techniques continue to function with undiminished excellence and mechanical dependability. But a man changes. It is quite conceivable that we may grow tired of the mere copies of things which alone photography is able to supply. XXXI - THE STAMPEDING OF THE MASSES Although this essay examines critically the rational efforts of technology, the methods of this study should make it plain that it is far from attacking human reason itself. Nothing is further from my mind than the romantic rejection of technology, a rejection that under present conditions would amount to a mere horse-and-buggy reverie. We do not live in a desert island, nor in a virgin forest. We live within the constant reach of technical machinery and organization. The pedestrian on the street is not the only one who must forever watch his step lest he should get mowed down by the wheels. Such watchfulness, but more comprehensive and more penetrating, must today be practiced by every man of spirit who wants to go on feeling that he is more than a mere cog in a gigantic machine. Likewise, there is nothing further from the purpose of this study than glorification of the irrational. The irrational can be praised only by those who are not aware of the dangers of our position. As we shall see directly, a close connection exists between technical progress and the efforts to turn our rational minds against rationalism itself. This essay is not concerned with these efforts and does not want to have anything to do with them. But the time has now come when we must ask: where does technical rationality lead us? That question is grave because, as we have shown, technical rationality implies a contempt of human reason as such. Everything rational is subject to inescapable limitations and restrictions. The rational can never be its own end. If there were such a thing as rationalizing for the sake of rationalizing, there would be no reason why the helpless, the sick, and the aged should not be killed off. In fact, such action would then even seem advisable. It would be equally expedient to slay those who have retired from business and likewise all pensioners of the state according to the brutal principle that he who does not work shall not eat. Such examples show where a philosophy of sheer expediency leads. Raskolnikov, who slays the old usurer because he deems her completely useless in the scheme of the world, and who sees in her nothing more than an evil-smelling bedbug or cockroach, becomes a murderer by his criminal and extreme arrogance. Had his mind not been so confused and so sick, he would have realized that the structure and scheme of the universe was beyond his ken, and that it was not for him to judge the role of an old woman in this world. The technical official, on the other hand, who clerks in one of those numberless bureaus and lords it over some card file whose purpose – a purpose perhaps unknown to the official himself – is the rationalization of consumption: such a man might quite easily get the notion that all is well with the world because his files are in order. The scribe tends to confuse the world with a bureau, since his card file is his world, the center of his life. To conceive of the universe as a huge bureau would be an excellent idea if only nature had intended us to live on red tape. Technical rationality has most peculiar consequences. The technician himself does not grasp these consequences and does not understand them. He claims to be a realist, that is, a man of "hard facts." But even at best he is a realist only within a restricted area; his knowledge is specialized. The appearance of "strict factualness" which he adopts is deceptive. It camouflages his unbounded ambition to gain power; it conceals the lopsided, eccentric nature of those plans and schemes that are the ultimate aim of his ambitions. True enough, the machinery he has developed is ingenious down to the last screw. But that last screw is where the technical genius ends; for what lies beyond he has no thought. The world of the technician is a mere apparatus, but an apparatus which, in a state of advanced centralization, makes it possible for its master to treat man himself as part and parcel of that apparatus. For the power that this machinery lends to its master is truly gigantic. Thus, an advanced stage of technology is accompanied by mechanical theories of the nature of man. Just as we speak of the "machinery" of the state, of political "machines," of the legal "apparatus," of the "driving power" of the economy, just so all things step by step assume the character of machinery, of a reality understood in terms of machinelike functionings. This kind of thinking, typically, has lost all respect for freedom. It is precisely these efforts to subject man completely to technical rationality, to a purposeful, all-embracing functionalism, which gradually undermines the resistance that man puts up as he tries to adhere to a more profound, a spiritual order of things. Far from taming or enlightening the instinctive side of man, his blind urges and his mental confusions, the mechanization of life, on the contrary, intensifies these dark sides of human nature. Technical organization, totalitarian in its aims, has no means whatever to master this dark underworld. All the rationality of the technician cannot prevent the growth of a blind elementarism
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to exercise religion. Sweet Chestnut is coppiced to provide material for barriers and fencing on the Forest; unused wood is used to heat the Forest Centre. Hazel is coppiced in Cackle Street. There is no reliable market for the small round wood but the reduction in Oak standards provides saw wood for use on the Forest. The Hazel coppice wood provides habitat for Dormouse and also supports a number of rare plants including Butchers Broom, Twayblade, Helleborine and early Purple Orchid. Alder coppicing is carried out at Newbridge; the wood produced has no saw value (it was once used for clog-making) but makes good firewood after seasoning. It also survives for a long time submerged and can be used as a base for trackways across wet areas. 事实与数据 就业率 - NOVA NSPH硕士的就业率高于85%。 - NOVA NSPH博士生就业率100%。 - 完成NOVA NSPH硕士课程一年后,学生经常成为“个体经营者”(与前一年相比增加 21%)。 创新创业 - 大约 1/3 的硕士和博士参与了某种类型的创新和创业活动。这些活动包括维护现有的家族企业和创建新公司。 - 参与创业计划的博士特别适合新产品和/或服务的创造。 国际学生 88 名来自24 个国家的外国学生 8% 的收入来自国际来源 此信息基于 OBIPNOVA - NOVA 里斯本大学毕业生专业插入观察站的数据,该数据跟踪 NOVA 国家公共卫生学院学生(毕业生、硕士和博士)在获得学位后 10 年内的数据。 Proverbs:- Birds of feather flock together. You will always notice that people who have the same interest, hobbies or preference are always found together. They like to participate in the same kind of activities or talk about their common pursuits and so you will always see them together. This is what is meant by the proverb ‘ Birds of a feather flock together ‘. If people like to play tennis, you will always find them on the tennis court every day. If they like reading you will find them in the library. If they like cricket you will find them on the cricket field. It is only natural that they will congregate at the place where they find their common activity or pursuit as part of their daily activity.They would like to discuss the adventures of their experiences. They naturally like to be in the company of people who have the same interest as they have. You will notice with birds too and therefore the proverb has been coined. To read more of my articles click on my name above or add me as your friends on triond join now Welcome to Authspot, the spot for creative writing. Read some stories and poems, and be sure to subscribe to our feed! On this page: This page outlines what you can do if you experience discrimination or victimisation. Discrimination is when you have been treated unfairly because of something about yourself; like being a certain ethnicity or cultural background. Discrimination includes the following situations if they are the cause of unfair treatment: - you are from a particular race or cultural background. - You are a particular gender There are many other situations. The following situations may be considered discrimination if you have been treated unfairly because; - you have a short-term illness like coronavirus - you are providing care to someone - you have previously had an illness - you have a disability There are laws to protect people from discrimination because of a disability, because they have parental or carer responsibilities, or because of their race. Workplace discrimination occurs when an employer takes adverse action against a person who is an employee or prospective employee because of the following attributes of the person including but not limited to: - sexual orientation - physical or mental disability Victimisation is when someone subjects, or threatens to subject, another person to some form of detriment or harm, because they have: - made a complaint of discrimination or sexual harassment; - provided evidence, information or documents in relation to a complaint of discrimination or sexual harassment; - refused to do something that would make them contravene anti-discrimination laws; - made an allegation that another person has acted unlawfully under anti-discrimination laws. Victimisation is prohibited under both Federal and State law. If you think you have been treated unfairly, VALS may be able to assist, call 1800 064 865. The 1900s Rotary Century Plazas is the largest of the three century plazas to teach about people/plant relationships during that time. The reason this plaza is so large is because so much happened during the 20th century. Mankind went from plowing with horses to the moon! In Cheyenne, we had the creation of the High Plains Horticulture Research Station. Many of the plants in this area are from the old research station. It also marked the time when the tractor was invented and we have a wonderful old historic tractor on display. This was also the century when the Cheyenne Botanic Gardens was founded (1977). This plaza area also features a collection of antique roses that were popular during the early 1900s. In the Armenian village of Aragatsavan, residents had struggled for more than two decades to secure clean drinking water. The community’s Soviet-era reservoir was contaminated, and leaked more than 70 tons of water a day. It was limiting access to water for 5,600 residents; 120 families had no water at all. During a town hall meeting facilitated by Counterpart International, the community agreed it had to take action. Residents came together and raised half the money. A grant from Counterpart’s Civil Society and Local Government Support Program, funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development, covered the rest. “After the town hall meeting, our water problem was transformed into a challenge for the entire community to prioritize and conquer,” said Aragatsavan’s accountant Manuk Khoyetyan. “Our municipal representatives, our community working group and active citizens young and old worked hard to ensure clean drinking water. Today, Aragatsavan is one step closer to becoming a truly wonderful place to live.” A problem that had lasted 22 years was solved in two and a half months. Today, all of Aragatsavan’s residents have access to clean drinking water. But the story didn’t end there. Motivated by their community’s commitment to clean water, young leaders from the Counterpart-supported Youth and Community Action Center joined a global environmental movement to learn how to protect their water resources and monitor the local water supply. They engaged with World Water Monitoring Challenge and got tool kits that allowed them to monitor the quality of their waterways and share their findings. They were ultimately joined by 400 youth from 21 other communities across Armenia in learning about the importance of clean water and their role as its protectors. And they are building the confidence to stand up for the environment when they find support lacking. Projects like these demonstrate the importance of water to communities—not just as a basic need but as a symbol of collective action and government support. On World Water Day, Counterpart is reflecting on how this vital resource can be a symbol of sustainable development and community empowerment. Advocating for clean water Around the world, Counterpart works with communities to identify their most pressing needs and help them advocate for getting them. Access to clean, safe water routinely tops the list of things people need the most. As in Armenia, the village of Labaabe Baala in Afghanistan’s Samangan province had struggled to secure a clean and safe water source, ever since its well had fallen into disrepair. The residents of Labaabe Baala brought up their water issues in regional policy dialogues sponsored by Counterpart’s Initiative to Promote Afghan Civil Society, an innovative program supported by USAID. A community dialogue officer traveled to Labaabe Baal to investigate. In addition to getting the well fixed, he helped the villagers create a cost-sharing maintenance plan to deal with future problems. “We are now trying our best to take care of the water,” says community member Raees Khaliq. “We have a specific time for people in the community to come and take the water and we even lock the manual pump when it is not being supervised.” Protecting the waterways, and profiting Beyond making sure people have access to water, Counterpart’s programs also make sure water resources are not being harmed in pursuit of development gains. Key to Counterpart’s approach is the knowledge that communities cannot be expected to protect the environment if it comes at an economic cost they cannot bear. In the Dominican Republic, rice farmers were poisoning the waterways that led into a protected national park. Counterpart worked with rice farmers to decrease their pesticide, fertilizer and water use while actually increasing the profitability of their crop. The delicate mangroves and lakes downstream are profiting too. In just a few years, communities near Montecristi national park have seen fish return to once-toxic ponds. Managing water responsibly Efforts like these to improve both farming and water are just as important in Ethiopia, where farmers and herders were seeing their land destroyed by flooding due to deforestation. Things started to turn around in Arsi Negele after Counterpart implemented its Ethiopian Sustainable Tourism Alliance program, which included a large-scale watershed management project. Planting seedlings and constructing low-budget rock structures called check-dams created a manageable water flow to corn and teff fields while preventing flooding and erosion. The landscape is transforming now as plants return, allowing crops to thrive and animals to graze again. Responsible water management is just as critical for Counterpart’s Multi-Year Assistance Program in Niger, where families must constantly guard against food insecurity and drought. As the wetlands became overexploited in a community called Issoufouri, more and more men were forced to emigrate in search of employment. Counterpart worked with Issoufouri and other Nigerien communities to plant native grasses and shrubs that stop erosion, and taught farmers to make better use of wetlands with new crop varieties, planting and harvesting methods and proper post-harvest handling and storage. Counterpart also provided irrigation equipment and technology, and organized community groups to manage it. Twenty-two years after he left Issoufouri, Fadjimi Boula returned this year to find a wetland transformed. “To my surprise, I found wells constructed in our wetland, with many women busy cultivating vegetables,” he says. By the end of the farming season, Boula had enough money to replace his roof and send his first child to school. More than 50 families are now cultivating the wetlands in Issoufouri. The water management and improved livelihoods have left them better nourished and more resilient to the droughts and shortages of their harsh environment. Bringing water into the future Counterpart’s work helping communities get clean, safe water and manage it well continues to be a key factor in new programs. In Guatemala, Counterpart’s Food for Progress program will work with farmers to instill water management practices as part of efforts to increase agricultural productivity and tackle entrenched rural malnutrition. In Bangladesh, the Leadership Development Program will bring youth and community leaders the skills they need to advocate for their communities’ most pressing needs. In a county so vulnerable to natural disasters and climate change, water accessibility and management will surely be a critical issue for the next generation. Counterpart will continue to work with communities every day to use water responsibly in a way that benefits both people and the planet. Human Movement Science, 21 5-6 , 621-639. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Furthermore, studies indicate that the head circumference of children exposed to cocaine is lower than those unexposed. For example, babies keep making sounds that get them attention they need. Development across the life span. This includes both the physical structure of the brain and the characteristics the person expresses because of it. For example, children must first learn to crawl and to pull up to a standing position before they are able to walk. Watson was able to explain the aspects of human psychology through the process of. Children ages 6—13 and young adults performed a serial response time task in which a response and a timing sequence were presented repeatedly in a phase-matched manner, allowing for. On the other hand, it has been found that when schools make an effort to increases family and school involvement, children perform better on state tests. A Dynamic systems approach to development applications. By three years the child begins to use complex sentences, including relative clauses, although still perfecting various systems. Each neuron can have multiple connections to other neurons. Motor development can be imapired by maternal cocaine abuse. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. However, the authors conclude that it may be that short term depression has no effect, where as long term depression could cause more serious problems. Language delay is usually more rigorous than other developmental delays in intellectually disabled children, and it is usually the first obvious symptom of intellectual disability. Freud believed that children progress through a series of psychosexual stages. For example, if a child has one tall parent and one short parent, the child may end up splitting the difference by being of average height. Environmental variables including parenting, culture, education and social relationships also play a vital role. Piaget's first interests were those that dealt with the ways in which animals adapt to their environments and his first scientific article about this subject was published when he was 10 years old. However, examination of environmental factors also shows that young human beings can survive within a fairly broad range of environmental experiences. Some of these theories are known as grand theories and attempt to explain almost every aspect of how people change and grow over the course of childhood. Reducing the prevalence of the parasite can be a benefit in child growth, development, and educational outcome. However, naturalistic research on language development has indicated that preschoolers' vocabularies are strongly associated with the number of words addressed to them by adults. It also incorporates the use of utterance to serve different functions and can be defined as the ability to communicate one's feelings and desires to others. Current Directions in Psychological Science. According to demographics 1 out of 5 children will learn to talk or use words later than other children their age. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. In his famous Bobo doll experiment, Bandura demonstrated that kids could learn aggression by watching the actions of an adult model. Increased knowledge of age-specific milestones allows parents and others to keep track of. Basic reading skills is the most common learning disability in children, which, like other disabilities, focuses on the difference between a child's academic achievement and his or her apparent capacity to learn. Not all infants go through the stages of belly crawling. The four systems are microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem. Researchers suggest that as many as half of all zygotes that form have more or less than 23 chromosomes, but most of these are spontaneously aborted and never develop into a full-term baby. The authors emphasize fundamental principles, enduring themes, and important recent studies, avoiding excessive detail and making typically difficult topics easier to grasp. Most children learn this skill or developmental milestone between the ages of 9 and 15 months. There are various definitions of periods in a child's development, since each period is a continuum with individual differences regarding start and ending. You will also learn a lot about your child's interests and skills. There are also several clinical specialists who are specifically trained in various areas of development who can be consulted. Defending Childhood: Keeping the Promise of Early Education. Drawing on their extensive experience as teachers and researchers, Robert Siegler, Judy DeLoache and Nancy Eisenberg emphasize the fundamental principles and enduring themes underlying children's development and focus on key research that is most reflective of the field in 2002. An Introduction to Child Development. Partial correlations between the same variables controlling for responsive parenting were also computed. There are some population differences in motor development, with girls showing some advantages in small muscle usage, including of sounds with lips and tongue. The National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities has recently launched a campaign to promote child development. Each stage of development is part of a continuum, building on the previous stage and affecting the next. Early skills rely heavily on word recognition. Older children continue the sequence by walking sideways or backward, galloping, hopping, skipping with one foot and walking with the other, and finally skipping. The difference is much more than a matter of social graces. There are also bigger genetic factors like the tendency to use the left or right side of the body more, predicting the dominant hand early. Plasticity may involve guidance by endogenous factors like hormones as well as by exogenous factors like infection. Experience plays a role in determining which people are familiar, which are obeyed, and how anger is expressed. Younger children depend on gestures for a direct statement of their message. However, the narrow focus on parental behaviour can be criticised for unnecessarily ruling out the possible effect of institutionalised neglect, e. The other factor that influences child development is the environment. This theory states that children acquire language because they want to communicate with others; this theory is heavily based on social-cognitive abilities that drive the language acquisition process. When electricity goes through a circuit, it powers a response. Developmental change may occur as a result of genetically-controlled processes known as , or as a result of environmental factors and learning, but most commonly involves an interaction between the two. Psychoanalytic theories of development : an integration. L'attimo rubato Lascia che sia questo vento che soffia che ci agita i capelli che ci trascina adagio dentro vortici di fuoco. Lascia che sia questa voce che parla questa frase sconnessa d'emozioni trattenute nelle mani tue, calde e sudate. Lascia che sia questa mano che scorre con dita tremanti tra palpiti agitati e rimorsi di coscienza. Lascia che siano queste labbra socchiuse in un bacio infuocato che ti dona l'ardore, e poi ne rubi un altro - l'ultimo istante da portare con te prima d'imboccare la strada maestra. Lascia che sia una parola sommessa affievolita dal tuo volto pallido e stanco che indugia sovente di fronte a quest'anima che corre, giocando - dentro inaccessibili sentieri. Lascia che sia quest'attimo rubato l'unico scopo delle giornate tue. Leggi un'altra Poesia Tutti gli Argomenti Finalmente un sorriso per Sebastian Vettel: il tedesco ha trionfato dopo aver passato il resto della stagione all’ombra di Charles Leclerc, che però non ha trionfato nel Gran Premio di Singapore. La strategia della Mercedes, invece, non si è rivelata vincente e il team non è arrivato a podio per la seconda volta in stagione. Come Vettel è riuscito a battere Lec
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ified church with the Moravians and Schwenkfelders, among others, but the groups preferred to meet on their own in private homes. On July 17 1732 the Austrian Empire requested information on the Schwenkfelds from the Count, and he was ordered to remove no one else from their empire. On April 4, 1733, the Count was advised by an official of the Saxon government that the Schwenkfelders could no longer be protected. They Saxon government gave them one year to prepare for departure. "Meanwhile, in 1730 and 1731, three sons of one of several Schultz families had ventured forth from Saxony to Holland to engage in the saffron trade. One went to the Dutch East Indies, one remained in Holland, and the third went to Pennsylvania. In 1733 the remaining members of the family also migrated to Pennsylvania. Accounts of their safe arrival and entire satisfaction came back to the group in Saxony. Pennsylvania now seemed to be their definite goal. Count Zinzendorf and the Moravians became interested in a colony in Georgia, and the Schwenkfelders were willing to consider Georgia as a possibility, but their conditions were not met and the project fell through. Having secured permission from the English government to settle in Pennsylvania, the Schwenkfelders started on their journey. . On April 20, 1734, the first family left Saxony on thetrek to the Elbe River, fifty or more miles westward. They had been advised not to travel in one body for fear of attracting attention. Emigration was looked upon with disfavor. Moreover, their former persecutors in Silesia might intercept them. Other family groups followed daily, at intervals, for eight days until forty families numbering 180 individuals had arrived at Pirna on the Elbe, above Dresden. When all had assembled there, they embarked on the same day on boats for Hamburg-Altona where Mennonite merchants, the Van der Smissen family, to whom the Schwenkfelders had been commended by their erstwhile Holland benefactors, provided food and lodging gratis for eleven days, engaged three sailing vessels, and paid for their passage to Holland. On the North Sea a violent storm separated the vessels. Each feared the others lost, but all arrived safely. In Haarlem another merchant family, van Buissant, entertained them for fifteen days, engaged an English sailing vessel (the St. Andrew, John Stedman, Captain) to convey them across the Atlantic. They also lavished upon them provisions for the voyage, gave them money for the poor when they reached Pennsylvania, and paid the passage thither for the whole group, in spite of the Schwenkfelders' grateful protest. On June 28, 1734, they sailed from Rotterdam. Palatines swelled the number of passengers on board to three hundred. A diary of the entire journey, written by Christopher Schultz, an orphan sixteen years of age, relates that at one point the vessel lay still for a long while in a great calm. At another time a violent storm dashed the waves over the side of the ship, drenching their bedding and baggage. Their books, still preserved, show the water stains. Death took nine of their number: six little children, a young man of twenty years, a young mother, and an aged grandmother. The bodies were weighted and committed to the sea. The St. Andrew docked at Philadelphia, September 22 (New Style), 1734. The captain's list of passengers is preserved in the Schwenkfelder Library, Pennsburg, Pennsylvania. On the 23rd all males sixteen years of age and over were required to promise allegiance to the King of Great Britain and to the Proprietor of the Province. This document with signatures appended is also preserved. On the following day, September 24, George Weiss, their spiritual leader, conducted an all-day Thanksgiving Service., This day of Remembrance and Thanksgiving has been observed by the Schwenkfelders in Pennsylvania annually to the present time, at first in their log-cabin homes and barns, or under the open sky, if weather permitted; later in their school and meeting houses; and latterly in their modern church edifices. This day has never been vulgarized by feasting. It is observed as a day of worship, thanksgiving, remembrance, spiritual edification, and new vision. The vast and intriguing panorama of the New World now lay stretched out before them. Like panting deer who have escaped the hunter's missiles, the little company separated and scattered into Penn's Woods. Unable to acquire a large tract of land whereon all of them could settle in close proximity to each other, the individual families settled in different localities, wherever smaller tracts were available, within a radius of about fifty miles northwestward of Philadelphia in what are now the counties of Montgomery, Bucks, Berks, and Lehigh; at Germantown, ChestnutHill, Towamencin, Skippack, Frederick, Goshenhoppen, Milford, Macungie, and Oley. In 1767, David Schultz, a surveyor, drafted two maps showing the location of the different families. These he sent to the friends and relatives who had remained in Silesia. The same maps were found in the parish house in old Harpersdorf and brought back in 1919 to the Schwenkfelder Library in Pennsburg, built on land originally owned by the surveyor." - from the Schwenkfelders in PA by Schultz The Schwenkfelders In Pennsylvania by Selena Schultz The Schwenkfelders, A Historical Sketch by Hedrick Schwenkfelder Marriages (Including Cake Recipe) The Schwenkdenfelders & Apple Butter The Schwenkfelder Library & History Center The Schwenkfelder Exile Society (Through Dan's Paternal Lines) The Brown/Truckenmiller Connection to the Schwenkfelders:Beyer Line to Thelma Clara (Brown) Truckenmiller Yeakel Line to Thelma Clara (Brown) Truckenmiller Kreibel Line to Thelma Clara (Brown) Truckenmiller Anders Line to Thelma Clara Brown David Yeakel 1762-1820 married Anna Kreibel 1766-1841Maria Yeakel 1791-1854 married Daniel HeinThelma Brown married Ward Welsh TruckenmillerCharles "Fred" Truckenmiller married Patsy Ann Smith " The Schwenkfelders endured years of oppression. Enslaved on ships, jailed, fined and put in stocks, they were not allowed freedom of worship sporadically for 150 years. Persecution sometimes came from Lutherans or Catholics, and often from government officials. The Schwenkfelders were subject to changes in the political climate, which were frequent and severe.By 1700, all Schwenkfelders were living the village of Harpersdorf and the surrounding area. Two Jesuit priests were sent to the region in 1719 to convert them to Roman Catholicism by order of the Emperor. At first, the priests imposed a few rules, but they soon found that the Schwenkfelder spirit was not easy to break and persecution intensified. Prohibition of Schwenkfelder burials on consecrated ground was among the sanctions exacted by the Jesuits. The Schwenkfelders instead were forced to bury their dead in potters' fields outside Harpersdorf. The Jesuits did not allow any of the Schwenkfelders to sell their property and leave town. In the early 1720s appeals were made in Vienna for toleration,but were rejected. By 1726, many of the families were desperate to escape. Their leaders secretly contacted Count Nicholas Ludwig von Zinzendorf in Berthelsdorf, Saxony, for shelter. Four years before, Zinzendorf had provided a home to the Moravians, another Protestant sect. Beginning in February 1726 and continuing into the following months, families quietly crept from their homes in Harpersdorf at night. Over 500 of the faithful would take this fateful path. They fled with only the clothes on their backs and a few hand carried items, across the border to Saxony and their unknown future. They decided to settle in Pennsylvania, already home to German immigrants and others seeking religious freedom. They arrived at the port of Philadelphia in six migrations from 1731 to 1737. The largest group of Schwenkfelders set sail on the St. Andrew from Haarlem, Holland in June, 1734. After a grueling and often tragic voyage, they landed at Philadelphia on September 22, 1734. On the following day, the Schwenkfelder men over age 16 took an oath of allegiance to the British crown, either by signing the oath or by a handshake. George Weiss, a self-educated Schwenkfelder pastor, held the first Day of Remembrance, or Gedächtnestag, on September 24. Each year on the Sunday closest to September 24, Schwenkfelders gather to honor their past. While sharing the simple meal of bread and butter, apple butter and water, today's Schwenkfelders remember what the immigrants endured for their faith. Gedächtnestag is the oldest continually celebrated day of thanksgiving in the United States." Schwenkfelder immigrationThe Schwenkfelders were a small, pietistic sect that emigrated from southern Germany and lower Silesia in the Austrian Empire beginning in 1731. After being persecuted for two centuries, and denied the right to Christian burial, they decided to follow like-minded German immigrants to the Pennsylvania colony where religious freedom was guaranteed. They arrived in Philadelphia in six migrations between 1731 to 1737, with the largest group of 200 sailing from Rotterdam in 1734. They settled farmsteads around Philadelphia, especially in modern Berks and Lehigh Counties. By 2003, almost all Schwenkfelders had joined more established Christian denominations, though many still claimed to be followers of the old doctrine. Schwenkfelders followed the teachings of Caspar Schwenckfeld von Ossig (1489–1561), a devout Catholic and member of the Silesian nobility. He was drawn to Martin Luther’s reform teachings but disagreed with him over the exact nature of the Lord’s Supper and the baptism of infants. Schwenckfeld believed that the Bible should not be literally interpreted or used as a “paper pope” but rather that believers should trust the Holy Spirit for insight into its meaning. Family was central to Schwenkfelder worship, with house churches the norm. As a result, the Society of Schwenkfelders was loosely organized, and its members freely associated with more established churches, where they could share their gifts of spiritual insight. In 2003, there was still an organized church, consisting of five congregations and about 2,600 members associated with the United Church of Christ, though many who claim Schwenkfelder roots are associated with the religious work of the Evangelical Lutherans, Presbyterians, American Baptists, the Christian Missionary Alliance, the Evangelical Association, and the Holiness Movement. گفته می شود هرکسی حداقل یک ایده عالی دارد؛ اما بیشتر مردم هرگز کاری برای عملی کردن آن انجام نمی دهند. ایده ها در یک لحظه به ذهن خطور می کنند اما برای عملی شدن به زمان، تلاش و سرمایه نیاز دارند. خوشبختانه با ظهور ICO ها، در حال حاضر حداقل یکی از این مشکلات حل شده است. در سال جاری میلادی، تقریبا نیمی از پروژه های رمزنگاری، ICO خود را با کمی بیش از یک ایده و یک وایت پیپر و تجمیع سرمایه در قالب عرضه توکن شروع کردند. ابتدا تامین مالی ICO (فروش توکن) و سپس کد نویسی بر کسی پوشیده نیست که ICO ها بدون داشتن کمینه محصول پذیرفتنی (MVP) راه اندازی می شوند یا این که بسیاری از آنها توسعه دهندگانی استخدام می کنند تا برای توکن آنها قرارداد هوشمند بسازند. استخدام توسعه دهندگان و پرداخت هزینه نوشتن کد ها بدون جمع آوری پول از ICO سخت است؛ بنابراین ابتدا تلاش می شود که تامین مالی صورت پذیرد و سپس کد ها نوشته می شوند. به گزارش کوین ایران و به نقل از ICORating، تحقیقات جدید رواج این شیوه را در میان پروژه های رمزنگاری نشان می دهد. گزارش تحقیقات بازار آنها نشان می دهد که ۴۶ از ICO های سه ماهه اول سال ۲۰۱۸ بدون هیچ توسعه ای راه اندازی شده اند. بیشتر بخوانید: چطور می توانیم یک توسعه دهنده اتریوم (Ethereum) شویم؟ تنها ۲۶ آنها کمینه محصول پذیرفتنی داشتند و ۱۵.۵ نسخه اولیه خود را در زمان برگزاری ICO ارائه دادند. این کار یک روش معمولی برای پروژه ها، مخصوصا آنهایی که بر بستر بلاکچین مشغول به کار هستند، شده است. راه اندازی با تنها یک نقشه راه (roadmap) و یک توکن ERC20 به عنوان وایت پیپر پیش از مبادله اولین توکن روی شبکه اصلی تقریبا چندین ماه است که اجرا می شود. کار سرمایه گذارانی که سعی می کنند این پروژه ها را بررسی کنند، به این خاطر که باید به ادعا های تولید و دیگر معیار های مبتنی بر کارایی اعتماد کنند، مشکل شده است؛ چرا که راهی برای تایید این ادعا ها وجود ندارد. بیشتر بخوانید: اپلیکیشن های غیر متمرکز ساخته شده بر بستر Ethereum یا Dapps سرمایه گذاران متوجه کاهش بازده شده اند داده های سه ماهه اول ICORating نشان می دهد که میانگین بازده توکن ها نسبت به سه ماهه آخر سال ۲۰۱۷ بیش از ۱۰ کاهش یافته است و در حال حاضر به ۴۹ رسیده است. به علاوه، تنها ۲۱ از توکن های این سال در لیست صرافی ها جای گرفته اند در حالی که در دوره مشابه قبلی این آمار ۳۳ بوده است. شاید این آمار می خواهد سختی سرمایه گذاری و کسب سود را یاد آوری کند؛ در واقع، ۸۳ از توکن هایی که در لیست سه ماهه نخست قرار گرفتند زیر قیمت ICO ی خودشان معامله شده اند. بیشتر بخوانید: ICO چیست و چگونه می توان در آنها سرمایه گذاری کرد؟ یافته های اخیر ICORating، جذب سرمایه برای رمزارز ها را با نگرانی همراه کرده است. این صندوق ها در ۱۸ ماه گذشته گسترش یافته اند و سرمایه گذاران بزرگ را از حوزه سرمایه گذاری خطرپذیر گرفته تا سرمایه گذاران سنتی به فضای رمزارز ها جذب کرده اند. این صندوق ها با هیاهوی زیاد وارد بازار شدند اما با شیون و ناله آن را ترک می کنند. ICORating یادآور می شود که تنها ۱۱۹ رمزارز از ۲۱۹ تایی که بررسی شده اند در حال فعالیت هستند و ۹ تا هم در همین سه ماهه نخست تعطیل شده اند که از جمله آنها می توان به Crowd Crypto Fund و Alpha Protocol اشاره کرد. آنها اظهار می کنند: «انتظار داریم صندوق های بیشتری در آینده، به دلایل عدم کارایی و مسائل قانونی تعطیل شوند». با این وجود، همچنان ۲۸ میلیارد دلار دارایی برای صندوق ها باقیست و جذب سرمایه ارز های رمزنگاری شده همچنان کسب و کار بزرگی محسوب می شود. توجه! دیدگاه هایی که در این مقاله ارائه شده اند، متعلق به نویسنده می باشند و لزوماً مربوط به Coiniran نمی باشد و نباید به آن نسبت داده شود. 回收活性炭带您了解室内空气对人体的危害。 与室外空气污染相比,室内环境污染对健康的危害更为直接,危害程度更大。因为室内接触要比室外接触高出许多倍,这是导致慢性病、癌症和急性呼吸道疾病的主要环境因素。20世纪70年代陆续出现了 "军团病"和 "病态建筑物综合症"等问题后,科学家发现这些病都与室内空气污染有关。 进一步的研究又发现室内空气污染与喘和肺癌的发病率升高有密切关系。 甚至还发现,新生儿形、发育迟缓、智力低下等问题的主要原因也是室内空气污染。这样的研究结果使得人们对室内环境问题越来越重视,并经过多个权威的评估机构对室内环境的污染状况以及对人类健康的影响程度进行严格的评估,评估结果令人震惊:我国每年由室内污染引起的超额死亡数已达11万人。人们应当充分了解室内空气污染物的种类及危害,采取相应 的对策来维护自己的健康。 These questions and answers are from the Student Catechism. 111. What are the three offices of Christ? The three offices of Christ are Prophet, Priest, and King. 112. Why did Jesus need to fulfill these offices? Jesus had to fulfill these offices to meet our needs. As Prophet He enlightens our darkened minds. He calls us to repentance. As Priest, He cleanses our corrupt hearts and reconciles us to God. As King, He delivers our wills from the bondage of the devil and will eventually “put all things under His feet.” 113. Why did Jesus have to die? Jesus had to die because the consequence of our sin was death. In order to reverse the curse of the Fall, Jesus took that consequence. Jesus identified with us even to the point of death to restore us. Jesus was able to destroy death and the devil by dying and then raising from the dead. We are saved when we identify with Christ, dying to sin as Jesus died for sin, and then by faith identifying with Christ in His resurrection. 114. Was Christ punished for our sins? Christ was only punished provisionally for our sins. It is most precise to say that Christ suffered for us so that we don’t have to be punished for our sins. The problem with saying that Christ took our punishment in an absolute sense is that one might conclude that no one for whom Christ died could be punished for his sins, since the punishment was already taken by Christ, and it would be unjust for punishment to be suffered twice for the same sins. 115. Do we believe that the atonement is objective? We do believe that the atonement is a once-for-all objective act, but we say that it is the basis for forgiveness; it doesn’t secure our forgiveness automatically. 116. Was Christ our Substitute? 117. How would you define the atonement? The atonement is that gracious act of God whereby Christ, the sinless God-man, demonstrating God’s love for man and hatred for sin, suffered in the place of all mankind, giving His life’s blood to fully satisfy the justice and holiness of God, propitiating for sin, then rising from the dead, destroying the power of sin and death, overcoming the devil, and thereby making it possible that all who repent and believe will be forgiven instead of being punished for their sins, sanctified and (ultimately) glorified. 118. How important is the resurrection to atonement? The resurrection confirms the atonement. It is evidence that Jesus has power over sin, death, and the devil, and that He can give spiritual and physical life to those who trust him. 119. Is there proof that Jesus really rose from the dead? There is overwhelming evidence that Jesus rose from the dead. This evidence includes the facts that people observed Him die, after which the tomb He
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日队伍为了保护国家的文物,攀连长等人将夏皇陵内所有文物转移,但就在他们揭开夏皇陵古墓时,却发现古墓是空的。然而就在渡边幸雄这一死,他的女儿渡边惠子要来宁县把父亲的木给带回日本的路上遭遇土抢劫银行,枪战中高彻躲过一枪,子弹却向渡边惠子飞去,乔文冲上来掩护,无奈为时已晚,渡边惠子不幸死去,攀连长得知情报后,并将抗日战士许燕云化装成已被击的渡边幸雄的女儿渡边惠子潜入宁县日军内部,打探有关文物的运送情报以及作战路线图,从而防止国宝流失。而就在日军查到洛神赋图下落时,晚日军准备前去抢夺,却被潜入敌军内部的许燕云暗中破坏,敌人的两次行动遭受失败,与此同时,日军也循着丝马迹已经开始察觉到有内奸通风报信,于是并开一系列的搜查。这时许燕云意识到了危险,也加快了行动的步伐。她注意到渡边幸雄曾经居住过的小楼已被封锁,渡边幸雄临死前绘制的路线图应该就藏在里面。隔天,日军抓到了两名抗日战士,正准备严刑打审问时,特务科科长江口义明心理想他们不可能从这里逃走?他们与其被日痛苦地折磨死,还不如......特务科科长江口义明直接拿起枪开枪打死后,不久许燕云决定而走险,她两次秘探小楼。第一次,她不小心惊动了日本巡逻兵,只好匆匆跳窗。第二次,她潜入小楼,刚找到路线图,却被义明发现,并在巡逻兵赶来之前,带她从地道脱险。随后,许燕云能否顺利拿到作战的路线图,将宁县的日军赶出城吗?最后江口义明在保护国家文物的战场上牲了。 刺锋1号电视剧全集在线观看和刺锋1号迅雷下载地址,一起体验刺锋1号西瓜影音、刺锋1号吉吉影音、QVOD快播、腾讯视频、搜狐、优酷、土豆网、乐视网、爱奇艺和百度云盘网盘等免费在线播放mp4以及720p 1080p高清版、国语版、粤语版、BD、HD资源种子thunder高清下载;刺锋1号什么时候上映播出,最新电影高清完整版、好看的电视剧全集尽在本站!查看更多 2013-11-10 14:24:01 Situata in Nord Europa, la Norvegia comprende la parte occidentale della Scandinavia. Le sue coste frastagliate sono rotte da enormi fiordi e migliaia di isole che si estendono per molti chilometri. La linea di confine è condivisa con la Svezia per 1619 km, con la Finlandia per 727 km e infine a est con la Russia per 196 km. La Norvegia è lo stato europeo più settentrionale, spingendosi alla latitudine di 71°11′ dove si trova il promontorio di Knivskjellodden, situato di poco più a nord rispetto al Capo Nord. Occupa anche la parte più occidentale della penisola scandinava, estendendosi per circa 1.700 km da nord a sud. È attraversata dal circolo polare artico; per questo nelle zone settentrionali si possono osservare fenomeni quali il sole di mezzanotte in estate e l’aurora boreale in inverno. Fa parte della Regione biogeografica boreale. Il territorio della Norvegia continentale si estende per 323.802 km2 ed è principalmente montuoso, essendo attraversato da nord a sud dalle Alpi Scandinave. Il punto più alto è rappresentato dal Galdhøpiggen (2.469 m), situato nel massiccio del Jotunheimen; le altre cime più alte sono il Glittertind (2.465 m), fino a poco tempo fa considerato come la vetta maggiore, e lo Store Skagastølstind (2.403 m). Nella parte meridionale ci sono molte zone costiere e pianeggianti. Legato geologicamente allo scudo baltico, il territorio norvegese ha una conformazione che di recente ha solo il sollevamento terziario e la creazione dei fiordi, avvenuta nell’ultima fase di erosione. La struttura di base, che risale ad ere molto antiche, è formata da un penepiano – ovvero una superficie di riempimento quasi piatta che può diventare pianura (se a livello del mare) o essere considerata altopiano – di rocce, su cui, durante l’orogenesi caledoniana, si innalzò violentemente la catena montuosa che oggi è la spina dorsale della penisola scandinava. La stessa catena montuosa è poi il luogo di nascita di molti fiumi (diretti sia verso l’Oceano Atlantico e che quindi attraversano la Norvegia sia verso il Golfo di Botnia e che quindi attraversano la Svezia), nonché confine naturale e politico tra i due stessi paesi. Inoltre, nel Quaternario ebbe anche inizio l’opera di erosione e di modellamento delle glaciazioni, che scavarono profonde valli, arrotondarono i rilievi e consolidarono la rete fluviale. In Norvegia sono frequentissimi gli altipiani, incisi dalle valli scavate dai ghiacciai; elemento dominante nel centro-sud del paese, l’altopiano è quasi assente nell’estremo nord. Nella zona più settentrionale (Finnmark) il rilievo comprende un unico vasto altopiano alto dai 300 ai 500 metri, il cui paesaggio è sporadicamente interrotto solo da alcuni gruppi collinari rari e non molto alti. Da qui si sviluppa lungo la costa la catena montuosa che corre verso sud-ovest e che attraversa tutto il paese. La parte centromeridionale è la più elevata e comprende anche alcuni ghiacciai oltre i 2000 m. In generale il versante occidentale è ripido e scavato da valli che terminano sul mare formando i fiordi. Il lato interno dei Monti Scandinavi ha invece un’inclinazione più dolce. Va poi detto che a tutte le latitudini sorgono porti e città ben riparati come Stavanger, Bergen (talmente protetta da essere una delle città norvegesi più piovose e meno nevose in assoluto), Trondheim, Bodø, Narvik e Tromsø. Infine, di fronte alle coste emergono ovunque, tranne che nell’estremo tratto sud-orientale, isole ed arcipelaghi come Senja e Kvaløya e gli arcipelaghi delle Vesterålen e delle Isole Lofoten. Caratteristica dei fiumi norvegesi è il loro corso, breve e impetuoso a causa dei rilievi. Il più lungo è il Glomma (570 km), che sfocia nell’Oslofjord, mentre altri importanti sono il Pasvikelva (145 km) e il Numedalslågen (351 km). I laghi invece sono molto numerosi, circa 450.000, di cui solo 400 però con area superiore a 5 km2. Il più grande di questi è il Mjøsa (365 km2), seguito dal Røssvatnet (210 km2) e dal Femund (204 km2). Esistono anche alcune cascate, di cui la più alta misura 840 m. Il ghiacciaio più grande è lo Jostedalsbreen, con una superficie di 487 km2. Il clima della Norvegia atlantica e artica, nonostante la latitudine, è relativamente mite: questo grazie alla Corrente del Golfo, che partendo dal Messico viene a riscaldare le acque marine delle coste atlantiche rendendo le temperature medie annuali superiori allo zero anche in zone molto più a nord del Circolo Polare Artico. Questo evita la formazione di ghiacci marini, favorendo le attività portuarie e di pesca. Le temperature medie annue delle coste vanno dai circa 7°/8° della città di Stavanger ai 3°/4° di Trondheim, fino ai 2°/3° di Vadsø. Il rovescio della medaglia, però, è dato dalle tempeste che si formano in mare aperto intorno all’Islanda, per contrasto tra l’aria fredda continentale (proveniente da Groenlandia e isole canadesi) e le tiepide acque dell’oceano: queste tempeste, foriere di precipitazioni abbondanti, sono comuni soprattutto durante l’autunno e all’inizio dell’inverno. Durante l’estate inoltre possono esserci periodi particolarmente freschi e piovosi, oltre che con caratteristiche di spiccata variabilità. La temperatura media del mese di luglio è comunque superiore ai 15° su tutta la fascia costiera centro-meridionale fino alla regione di Sogn og Fjordane. Diversa è la situazione ad Oslo, dove le estati sono tiepide: la temperatura media di luglio è di 17° e grazie alle molte ore di luce sono possibili temperature massime vicine ai 30° tra giugno e luglio. Per contro gli inverni sono freddi (circa -5° di media a gennaio) perché l’effetto mitigatore della Corrente del Golfo è bloccato dalle montagne: nei mesi più freddi si scende facilmente sotto i -20°, e non è raro avere minime intorno allo zero a maggio e settembre. Il vero “freddo” invernale si incontra nelle zone interne, soprattutto le contee di Oppland e Finnmark: in quest’ultima è stato registrato il record minimo di temperatura, -51° a Karasjok. Le precipitazioni sono piuttosto abbondanti sulle regioni atlantiche, specialmente nella zona montuosa sud-occidentale dove si scarica moltissima umidità (annualmente cadono da 1500 a 3000 mm di pioggia e neve). Sono meno abbondanti al nord, ancora meno nelle zone coltivate e vicine alla capitale, con circa 600 mm all’anno. Il picco massimo è estivo o tardo-estivo nelle regioni più continentali, Oslo compresa, mentre sulla costa atlantica sudoccidentale è situato in autunno e anticipa sempre di più man mano che si sale verso nord. Per quanto possa apparire strano, i luoghi comuni sul freddo clima norvegese non sono del tutto fondati: tuttavia è vero che la neve può impiegare parecchio tempo a sciogliersi e che ci si possono aspettare precipitazioni nevose anche ad aprile o maggio. Fonte: Wikipedia Eski SLIPKNOT davulcusu Jay Weinberg resmi olarak SUICIDAL TENDENCIES'e katıldı. Weinberg, sosyal medya hesabında şöyle yazdı; ""20 yıldır sevdiğim ve yaratıcı evimi düşündüğüm ağır müzik kültürünü ve topluluğunu düşündüğümde, SUICIDAL TENDENCIES'i düşünüyorum: punk, metal ve hardcore'a aşık olduğumdan beri temel bir sütun ve ilham kaynağı. SUICIDAL TENDENCIES ile çalmak mutlak bir onur ve ayrıcalık ve bu inanılmaz heyecan verici yeni bölüme sadece bir hafta içinde başlamak için sabırsızlanıyorum!" Weinberg, iki günlük bir Japon gösterisiyle (14 Mart'ta Osaka'da ve 16 Mart'ta Chiba'da) SUICIDAL TENDENCIES ile canlı çıkışını yapacak. Grubun ayrıca 8 Haziran'da Pomona, Kaliforniya'da No Values festivalinde sahne alması ve Haziran ve Temmuz aylarında bir dizi Avrupa festivali tarihi planlanacak. 点击右上角微信好友 朋友圈 请使用浏览器分享功能进行分享 这几天,在室温条件下实现超导的消息引发全球关注和热议。事情的起源是,3月8日,《自然》杂志刊登了美国罗彻斯特大学迪亚斯团队的一篇论文,讲的是该团队合成了一种“--”的三元化合物,能在近常压和室温条件下实现超导。2天的时间里,围绕这一成果的消息和解读在各大媒体和社交平台实现刷屏式“讨论”。 迪亚斯报告现场(图源网络) 图片来源:罗彻斯特大学官网 什么是超导? 超导是导体在某一温度下,电阻为零的状态。1911年,荷兰物理学家昂内斯发现,当温度降低至约-268°C时,的电阻降为了0。超导的大门由此被打开。成为人类发现的第一个超导体。 1933年,德国物理学家迈斯纳在对进入超导态的锡或金属球做磁场分布测量时发现,当材料进入超导态后,其内部的磁场会迅速被排出体外,磁场只在超导体外部存在,超导体展现出完全抗磁性。这就意味着,除了零电阻的特性,超导体还有完全抗磁性的特征。 此后100多年的时间里,数以千计的超导材料不断被发现,包括单质金属、合金、过渡金属族化物/族化物等。但这些材料实现超导的前提条件是极冷的温度或超高压力,这就意味着这些实验材料无法用于长期、常规的应用。所以,寻找近环境条件下(室温、常压)的超导材料一直是超导领域的梦想。 超导有哪些应用? 尽管超导材料有成千上万种,但真正实用化的超导材料并不多,主要分为低温超导、高温超导。 早期,超导体被广泛使用在强磁体、超导量子计算机、高灵敏探测器等诸多重要领域。如今,超导已经走进我们的生活,如高温超导滤波器已被应用于手机和卫星通讯,并明显改善了通信质量;超导量子干涉器件(SQUID)装备在医疗设备上使用,则加强了对人体心脑探测检查的精确度和灵敏度;世界上首个超导示范变电站也已在我国投入电网使用...... 不仅如此,超导技术的应用范围十分广阔,在输电、电机、交通运输、航天、微电子、电子计算机、通信、核物理、新能源、生物工程、医疗以及军事装备等领域,都已展现出烂夺目的前景。 学界怎么看? 中科院物理所研究员中科院物理所研究员罗会撰文表示,对物理学家而言,室温是有明确定义的,即300K,约相当于27°C。该论文的关键结果是碳--(C-S-H)三元体系在267GPa左右可以实现288K左右的超导电性,对应温度为15°C。超导材料的Tc(临界温度),被首次突破到0°C以上,尽管距离室温300K还有一步之遥,论文的题目已经大大方方用了“室温超导”字样。 上海市高温超导重点实验室主任、上海大学教授蔡传兵认为,迪亚斯这次的研究成果有两个亮点,第一是把原来所需的极端高压267GPa变成了一个相对低的压力1GPa。第二个亮点是,这次迪亚斯采用了一个新的元素组合,引入了稀土金属——元素(Lu,Lutetium),合成了三元化物(N-Lu-H),和他以前采用的碳化物不同。这次迪亚斯展示出的研究成果有一定可靠性,但室温超导所需的1GPa压力仍属于高压范,距离实际应用仍非常遥远。 上海交大教授洪智勇认为,迪亚斯教授最新的实验结果,即便数据验证为真实的,也不可能做成实用化导线。“虽然最新的实验把超高压强从200多万个大气压降到了1万个大气压,但在地表大范围、长距离地实现高温超导(-196°C以上),比实现1万倍大气压更容易、更便宜。” 中科院物理所在微信公众号文章中表示,从文章来看,这项工作无疑是突破性的,相关证据也很充足,如果能重复出来,搞不好未来能发诺奖。但物理学的研究终究不是一家之言,任何科学研究都应该经得起验证,这个也不例外,这项工作势必要经过行业内各个研究组的重复,如果经过多次重复之后,确定该结果的正确性,那将是划时代的工作。我们今年诺奖预测也就有底气了。 南京大学物理学教授刘俊明表示,目前,高压下超导温度提高的物理图像是很清楚的,因为BCS理论就在那里。只要其他课题组能够重复,就是巨大成果。这篇文章去年4月份就送审《自然》了,能够发表出来,说明作者、编辑和审稿人都有一定的信心。毕竟,Dias博士已经吃过一次亏,这一次不应该还是故态重来。但曾经质疑过Ranga Dias团队成果的Hirsch教授,也是国际知名的化物超导电性专家。他的质疑应该是定量意义上的,似乎也有可信度。且看这一次Dias和Hirsch谁对谁错。无论如何,这一事件应该会给物理学史添上不错的一笔,一定意义上呈现了自然科学的魅力所在。 伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校的材料化学家罗素·赫姆利说:“这是一项出色的研究。就超导性的证据而言,所提供的数据是非常有力的。” 国内超导研究进展如何? 罗会在接受媒体采访时表示,目前国内超导领域的研究,其中重要的一方面是对于新超导材料的探索,最早可追至1960-1970年代。 1980年代,在瑞士科学家发现铜氧化物高温超导现象后,在中科院物理所赵忠贤老师为代表的团队带领下,很快发现了90 K(-183摄氏度)以上铜氧化物高温超导现象。铜氧化合物的转变温度达到了92 K,打破了液77 K(-196摄氏度
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es culture and history. It is the ultimate story of tragic love for our culture & scores of literary, cinematic and artistic works refer to it. When you deprive someone of exposure to a quintessential work like this, they will never have a deep understanding or appreciation of literature : half of all literature will be a mystery to them, as if they were hearing the punchline without knowing the joke. When they start pulling works like these, that's what "education" becomes: a joke. 日本指南 在4900平方米的梅园中,赤山公园在中旬至中期之间盛开了281种25种李子树。 二月 中段 三月,红色,白色和粉红色的李子。 在周六和周日 梅花节,将在现场举办本地产品展览,您可以一边欣赏当地美丽的梅花并拍照,一边品尝当地美食。 日本外国人 爱知县丰川市市田町东cho 1-30 Rising temperature is changing the timing of seasonal events and disrupting the interactions between species. It is also affecting rainfall patterns and is likely to lead to an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events. We have approximately 20 LTMN sites with an Automatic Weather Station (AWS) on site. An additional 8 sites have a representative weather station nearby and in the same climate envelop as the LTMN site. The weather stations allow us to record wind speed and direction, rain fall, air temperature, relative humidity, ground temperature and solar radiation. On sites where we are not collecting weather data we are investigating the accuracy and use of representative or modelled data. We work in partnership with the Met Office for some of our sites and collect real time data polled hourly which can be found on the Met Office:Weather Observations Website. The methodology for this protocol can be found on the ECN website. 对于巴萨中后卫皮克来说,近些年没少同他人打嘴仗,在北京时间今天凌晨西班牙2-2战平哥伦比亚的热身赛的比赛结束之后,他又在混合采访区和记者上了。 北京时间今天凌晨,在西班牙2-2战平哥伦比亚的热身赛中,皮克一度戴上了球队的队长袖标,然而,他所收到的来自球迷的掌声还是远远少于嘘声。赛后,再次有记者问到关于被嘘的话题,皮克在混合采访区直接发。 比赛结束之后,皮克在混合采访区对记者们说道:“你们为什么这么关心这个,你们为什么不能把重心放在足球上呢?一年半以来,你们一直在纠缠这个问题,是你们让这成为一个问题。本来人们已经不嘘我了,但是你们又开始做调查,问皮克是否应该被嘘。” “在你们看来,球迷嘘我,是因为我支持加泰独立?我从没说过我支持加独。”很显然,对于这样的问题,皮克显得很不高兴。 “我很高兴能为国家队效力,我每天都在尝试证明这一点。能担任国家队的队长,我感到非常傲。”皮克表示。 斗战英魂BT 元尊传福利版 推理学院官网下载 در فاصله ۳ کیلومتری جنوب شهر قاین قرار گرفته است. این قلعه در دورههای مختلف کاربرد نظامی و دفاعی داشته است. قلعه این یکی از قلعههای به جا مانده از دوران ساسانیان است. طول این بنا ۴۰۰ متر است و در راستای غرب به شرق بر فراز ارتفاعات کوه قهقستان امتداد یافته است. این قلعه سالها مرکز حکومت ایالت قهقستان بوده است. در حالی که موضوع احتمال یا عدم احتمال مذاکره مستقیم میان ایران و آمریکا، همچنان یکی از موضوعات مورد توجه محافل رسانه ای و تحلیلی را تشکیل می دهد، یک شبکه تلویزیونی اسرائیلی روز گذشته گزارشی را پخش کرده که مدعی است اوباما راهبرد منحصر به فردی را برای این مذاکرات برگزیده است. مسکن مهر در دولت روحانی به کجا رسید؟ ایران/ دولت یازدهم از ابتدای شروع به کار به دلیل مکان یابی های اشتباه، ضعف پروژه ها از نظر شهرسازی و بی توجهی به پیوست های اجتماعی و فرهنگی انتقادهای جدی به طرح مسکن مهر وارد کرد اما باتوجه به تعهداتی که به هزاران نفر داده شده بود، دولت با اصلاح پروژه در جهت بهبود خدمات رسانی به متقاضیان و افزایش کیفیت ساخت و ساز؛ پروژه مسکن مهر را به اتمام رساند. طرح پابند الکترونیکی زندانیان در هرمزگان با حضور رئیس کل دادگستری، سرپرست زندان های استان و دادستان بندرعباس آغاز شد. سرپرست زندان های هرمزگان هدف از اجرای این طرح را کاهش آسیب های اجتماعی، حضور فرد زندانی در کانون خانواده و کاهش جمعیت کیفری زندان ها عنوان کرد. مقبلی گفت: مددجویان برای استفاده از این طرح باید ابتدا خود درخواست دهند و در صورت موافقت، می توانند از آن بهره مند شوند. سرپرست زندان های هرمزگان تصریح کرد: با اجرای این طرح محکومین به حبس در محدوده جغرافیایی مشخص تحت نظارت سامانه های الکترونیک قرار می گیرند و حضور مددجو در خارج از محدوده مشخص شده، موجب هشدار این سامانه می شود. مقبلی افزود: مددجویانی می توانند از این طرح استفاده کنند که دارای جرائم سبک هستند. برنی ساندرز برنده نیوهمپشایر ریاست جمهوری اولیه انتخابات سه شنبه شب به دقت لبه وزش رقیب پیت Buttigieg به ثمر رساند و برای اولین بار روشن پیروزی در حزب دموکرات را به هرج و مرج 2020 نامزدی مبارزه است. منچستر N. H. — برنی ساندرز برنده نیوهمپشایر ریاست جمهوری اولیه انتخابات سه شنبه شب به دقت لبه وزش رقیب پیت Buttigieg به ثمر رساند و برای اولین بار روشن پیروزی در حزب دموکرات را به هرج و مرج 2020 نامزدی مبارزه است. او در پیروزی 78 ساله ساندرز خود توصیف دموکراتیک سوسیالیستی, ضرب و شتم یک رقیب قوی از 38 ساله سابق شهردار میانه — دو نفر به نمایندگی از نسل های مختلف و بال خود را ، “این پیروزی در اینجا این است که این آغاز پایان دونالد مغلوب ساختن پیشی جستن” ساندرز اعلام کرد. به عنوان ساندرز و Buttigieg جشن گرفته می شود, به طور غیر منتظره ای قوی از عملکرد ctq به او یک مسیر از نیوهمپشایر به عنوان مسابقه حرکت می کند به این رشته از دولت توسط دولت اولیه مسابقات پیش رو ، جو بایدن و سناتور الیزابت وارن ارسال شده نتایج ناامید کننده بودند و در مسیر را به پایان برساند با صفر نمایندگان از دولت است. نیوهمپشایر رای روشن ساخته است که اوایل روز دموکراتیک مسابقه خواهد بود نبرد تا حد زیادی در بین چهار دهه از هم جدا در سن و ایدئولوژیک متضاد. ساندرز پیشرو مترقی صدای خواستار قابل توجهی مداخله دولت در بهداشت و درمان و دیگر بخش های اقتصاد. Buttigieg فشرده است برای بیشتر افزایشی تغییر دادن آمریکایی ها گزینه ای برای حفظ خود را بیمه درمانی خصوصی و ساخت یک نقطه جذاب برای جمهوری خواهان و مستقل است که ممکن است نسبت به مغلوب ساختن پیشی جستن. “با تشکر از شما یک کمپین است که برخی از گفت: نباید در اینجا در تمام نشان داده است که ما در اینجا به ماندن” Buttigieg گفت: تشویق هواداران. در عین حال ساندرز و Buttigieg وارد مرحله بعدی از کمپین های مختلف در مواضع سیاسی. در حالی که وارن روشن ساخته او باقی خواهد ماند در مسابقه ساندرز به خوبی تامین شده و با سرسخت ارتش از هواداران است که به سرعت تبدیل شدن به رهبر مترقی جناح و حزب. در ضمن Buttigieg هنوز نسیم رقبا به رقابت با جمله Klobuchar که standout بحث عملکرد منجر به اواخر افزایش, New Hampshire. بایدن وعده قدرت در آینده کارولینای جنوبی در حالی که سابق شهردار نیویورک مایک بلومبرگ نمی شد در روز سه شنبه رای گیری اما بافندگی در ماه آینده. پس از هرج و مرج شروع به رای گیری اولیه در هفته گذشته در آیووا دموکرات امیدوار نیوهمپشایر را ارائه وضوح در تلاش فوری برای انتخاب کسی را در مغلوب ساختن پیشی جستن در ماه نوامبر. حداقل دو نفر از نامزدها کاهش یافته است در پی ضعیف پس از اتمام سه شنبه شب: فقط-به-آمار متوسط کلرادو بهداشت ، مایکل بنت و سیاسی تازه وارد اندرو یانگ که جذب کوچک اما زیر وفادار بیش از سال گذشته بود و یکی از سه نامزد از رنگ در سمت چپ در مسابقه. در حالی که تلاش نامزدها به دنبال به حداقل رساندن آخرین نتایج تاریخ نشان می دهد که برای اولین بار-در-این-ملت اولیه خواهد شد که تاثیر زیادی در شکل دادن 2020 مسابقه. در دوران مدرن هیچ حزب دموکرات تا به حال تبدیل شدن به حزب را در انتخابات نامزد بدون پایان اول یا دوم در نیوهمپشایر. این اقدام در سمت دموکراتیک اما مغلوب ساختن پیشی جستن به راحتی برنده نیوهمپشایر جمهوری خواه اولیه. او رو به نشانه مخالفت از سابق ماساچوست رژیم صهیونیستی. لایحه جوش. وارن میان جلو دونده برای ارائه یک چشم انداز خوش بینانه به او رو تشویق حامیان “کمپین ما ساخته شده است برای مسافت های طولانی است و ما فقط گرفتن آغاز شده است.” با وجود یک شکست شرم آور است که مطرح شده سوال در مورد مسیر خود را رو به جلو وارن قول داد به حرکت در trudge. “کمپین ما ساخته شده است برای مسافت های طولانی است و ما فقط شروع کار” او اعلام کرد. در حال حاضر پیش بینی او “آمار” در نیوهمپشایر پس از دور چهارم-پایان محل در آیووا بایدن اساسا واگذار دولت است. او سفر به کارولینای جنوبی روز سه شنبه به او شرط نامزدی خود را قوی نشان دادن وجود دارد بعد از این ماه افزایش حمایت از رای دهندگان. او در انتخابات اما بلومبرگ نیویورک میلیاردر loomed بیش از نیوهمپشایر مسابقه به عنوان میانه های شکست خورده را به آغوش یک جایگزین برای Sanders. سابق شهر نیویورک شهردار پرش شد هر چهار متحده است که رای دادن در این ماه در حمایت از ده ها تن از نماینده غنی از مسابقات در ماه مارس است. او در حال حاضر اختصاص داده شده صدها میلیون دلار برای این تلاش است. بلومبرگ بازگشت به مبارزات انتخاباتی چهارشنبه با توقف در تنسی اما به صورت تازه پس از بررسی های صوتی پدید آمده در روز سه شنبه بالا بردن سوال جدید در مورد حمایت خود را برای نیویورک بحث توقف-و-frisk سیاست در بر داشت به طور نامتناسبی هدف مردم از رنگ. ساندرز و Buttigieg بودند در مسیر را به نفع خود به همان تعداد از نیوهمپشایر نمایندگان با اکثر آرا شمارش و Klobuchar چند پشت سر گذاشت. وارن بایدن و بقیه زمینه بسته شدند از ناکامی در رسیدن به 15% آستانه مورد نیاز برای نمایندگان. AP اختصاص داده است شش نمایندگان هر یک به سندرز و Buttigieg و چهار به Klobuchar با هشت هنوز هم به آن می شود. پس از آیووا و نیوهمشایر Buttigieg برگزار شد یک نماینده رهبری بیش از ساندرز با یک آیووا نماینده در عین حال به خود اختصاص داده و Buttigieg پیشرو همیشه تا کمی در این رقابت تعداد. Klobuchar در حال حاضر می پیوندد یک گره در یک ردیف دوم با وارن و بایدن در مورد ده نمایندگان در پشت رهبران دو کشور. دموکرات ها بودند که از نزدیک نظارت بر چگونه بسیاری از مردم نشان داد تا برای روز مسابقه. نیوهمپشایر وزیر امور خارجه منتج رکورد-میزان مشارکت بالا اما در صورتی که موفق به تحقق دموکرات ها خواهد مقابله با چشم انداز پایانی شور و شوق پس از یک نسبتا ضعیف نشان دادن در آیووا در هفته گذشته و مغلوب ساختن پیشی جستن را افزایش نظرسنجی شماره. سیاسی کانون توجه به سرعت تغییرات به نوادا که در آن دموکرات ها را نگه قفقاز در فوریه. 22. اما چندین نامزد از جمله وارن و Sanders, برنامه ریزی برای دیدار متحده در روزهای آینده رای گیری در روز سه شنبه نشان می دهد آنها در مسابقه برای مسافت های طولانی. ABD'de yeni tip koronavirüs (Kovid-19) nedeniyle sanal olarak gerçekleştirilen Demokrat Parti Kurultayında parti delegeleri Joe Biden'ı resmen partinin başkan adayı olarak gösterdi. Biden'ın perşembe günü yapacağı konuşmanın ardından Demokrat Partinin başkan adaylığını kabul etmesi bekleniyor ABD'de Demokrat Parti Kurultayında parti delegeleri Joe Biden'ı resmen partinin başkan adayı olarak gösterdi. 3 Kasım'da yapılacak 59. başkanlık seçimleri öncesinde 4 günlük Demokrat Parti Kurultayının ikinci gününde, ülke genelindeki delegeler online olarak oy kullandı. Söz konusu oylamayla birlikte Demokrat Partinin başkan adaylığı resmi olarak Biden'a sunulmuş oldu. Biden'ın perşembe günü memleketi Delaware'deki evinden yapacağı konuşmayla başkan adaylığını kabul etmesi bekleniyor. New research unveils an 80% reduction in atmospheric carbon monoxide as a result of car emissions policies New research published in Scientific Reports has highlighted the success of automotive technologies and policies in cutting atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) by 80% within south-east England over the last 18 years. High levels of atmospheric pollutants including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides are harmful to human health and are responsible for an estimated 9,500 deaths per year in London (according to a study carried out by King’s College, London last year). Scientists from the Department of Earth Sciences at Royal Holloway, University of London found that the reduction could be attributed to initiatives introduced in the 1990s to lower petrol emissions. The successful reduction of carbon monoxide in the UK is also matched by high percentage reductions across Europe over the same time period. This suggests that recent rises of carbon monoxide in newly developed countries can be reversed in a 20-year time frame with similar technological and policy implementations. Dr David Lowry, said: “CO in very high concentrations means there is a reduced supply of oxygen in the blood and to the brain, resulting in sleepiness and headaches. This can kill people, for example in rooms with poorly maintained heating systems. Outside, CO is only present in parts per billion of the open air, but it is very important in many chemical reactions that create urban air pollution, that is so harmful to health. Reducing CO helps significantly in the battle against air pollution.” He continued, “Our research shows that with focus on specific policies and technologies, particular emissions can be curbed and this has seemed to work in the case of Carbon Monoxide. The challenge now is to translate this success into steps to reduce other harmful pollutants. While our air can be said to be cleaner in terms of CO, Nitrogen oxides and black carbon emissions have soared.” The team used high-precision measurement equipment based at Royal Holloway College in Egham, but also found similar declines in even the most traffic-populated regions of London, including Marylebone Road, show. The authors argue that the clean-up of petrol cars was effective, but recognise the challenge facing diesel vehicles. “It may be another ten years before we see the same kind of positive impact on diesel emissions,” continued Dr Lowry. “Recent events in emissions measurement, with companies such as VW being caught out for inaccurate measurement have brought this issue to the forefront of consumer and policy-maker thinking which we hope will translate into positive action.” Article: Marked long-term decline in ambient CO mixing ratio in SE England, 1997-2014: evidence of policy success in improving air quality, Lowry, D. et al., Scientific Reports, doi: 10.1038/srep25661, published online 23 May 2016. فارغ التحصیلان رشته های کامپیوتر و یا کسانی که در زمینه طراحی سایت فعالیت داشته اند می توانند با پر کردن فرم زیر درخواست استخدام خود را برای ما ارسال نمایند. در صورتی که یکی از شرایط بالا را دارید می توانید فرم زیر را تکمیل نمایید. در صورتی که می خواهید به عنوان کارآموز مراجعه نمایید می توانید از طریق صفحه کارآموزی با ما در ارتباط باشید. Taliban, iktidarda olduğu dönemdeki ismiyle "Afganistan İslam Emirliği", 2001 yılının Mart ayı başında Bamyan ilindeki Buda heykellerinin yıkılmasına karar verdi. Mart ayının 2'sinde başlayan yıkım işlemi günler sürdü. Heykeller, top atışları ve heykel içlerine yerleştirilen patlayıcıların infilak ettirilmesi suretiyle yıkıldı. Bamyan Buda heykellerinin yıkılması, Afganistan'da olduğu gibi dünyanın geri kalanında da gündeme oturdu. Buda heykelleri ve tarihi süreç Milattan sonra 3-5 yüzyıllar arasında kayalıklara oyularak inşa edildiği tahmin edilen Buda heykellerinden büyüğü 55, küçüğü ise 38 metre uzunluğundaydı. İslamiyet Afganistan'da yayılmadan önce Budistler için önemli bir dini merkez olan bölge, İslam'ın Afganistan coğrafyasında yayılmaya başladığı 7'inci yüzyıldan sonra, 9'uncu yüzyılı takiben büyük ölçüde Budistlerce terk edildi. Buda Heykelleri, 1832 yılı, Alexander Burnes Bölgeye hükmeden birçok Müslüman hükümdar heykelleri yıkma girişiminde bulunduysa da, kayalara oyulmuş bu heykellere zarar vermek mümkün olmadı, ancak heykellerin bazı kısımları tahrip edildi. Afganistan'da egemenlik sahibi olan Babür, Evrengzib (Alemgir Şah) ve Abdurrahman Han gibi hükümdarların Buda heykellerini yıkma girişimlerinde bulunduğu bilinmektedir. Taliban dönemi ve Buda Heykelleri'nin yıkılması Afganistan'da 1996 yılında başlayan Taliban yönetimi dönemi, Bamyan'daki Buda heykellerinin yıkıldığı dönem olacaktı. 2001 yılı Şubat ayı sonlarında Taliban Buda heykellerini yıkacağını ilan ederken, bu durum dünyadan büyük tepki topladı. Açlık ve kısıtlı imkanlarla boğuşan ve dünya kamuoyundan destek görmeyen ülke, bir anda yeniden gündeme oturmuştu. Ancak sorun insani krizler değil, Buda heykelleriydi. Yıkılmadan önce ve sonra Bamyan Buda heykeli Taliban'ın "Afganistan İslam Emirliği"ni tanıyan ender devletlerden olan Pakistan, Suudi Arabistan ve Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri de kararı kınayarak Taliban'a olan tepkilerini dile getirdi. Harekete, heykelin yıkılmaması karşılığında maddi tekliflerde de bulunuldu. Bu tekliflerde başı çeken özellikle Japonya'ydı. Ancak Taliban teklifleri reddetti. Heykellerin yıkımı 2 Mart'ta başlayan yıkım işlemleri uzun süre devam etti ve Buda heykelleri yıkılmış oldu. Taliban'ın birçok lider ismi Buda heykellerinin yıkılmasında oynadıkları rol nedeniyle yaptırımlara maruz kaldı. Bunlardan biri de halen Taliban'ın siyasi heyetinin önde gelen isimlerinden olan Mevlevi Şahabeddin Dilaver'di. Taliban kaynakları kararın hareket içerisinde İslami ve siyasi istişareler sonucu alındığını ifade etti. Taliban'ın kurucu lideri Molla Muhammed Ömer'in, Buda heykellerinin yıkılmasına dair "Müslümanlar putların yıkılmasından gurur duymalı. Bize onları yıktıran Allah'a şükürler olsun" ifadelerini kullandığı aktarılmaktadır. Kaynak: Me
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特斯拉车主将能够从对面的大洋海岸召唤他们的车,尽管大家对特斯拉车每行驶200英里或者更多英里之后是如何实现充电的还未从得知。 但是可能Musk并不是第一个,当我与Ursmon讨论这个的时候,它假设在大多数州,加利福尼亚不包括在内,在公众街道行驶无人驾驶汽车是不违法的。我问他谷歌是否在奥斯发放车辆,并且车里无人的情况下,自动驾驶去接人。他没有回答我的问题。 当谷歌向加利福尼亚的车管局提交了大量关于司机分离设计的报告后,特别是那些能够避免与其他对象发生碰撞的报告,最近,谷歌才得以迎来了和加利福尼亚车管局的洽谈。很明显,将车与司机分离开后能够阻止这些潜在灾害的发生。在模拟了无人车在自动驾驶时可能会发生什么之后,谷歌称,仅仅有13件事故能够导致Google SDC碰触其它对象,2项是交通引起的,10项是由于其它交通工具引起的,还有一项是人们在一个十字路口穿越街道引起的。谷歌同时也表示,大多数无人驾驶车事故是在2014年的早些时候发生的,并且,最近谷歌的工程师已经修正了原来能够导致事故发生的缺陷,从而使得在两个事故发生之间,无人驾驶车能够行驶更长的路程。(尽管平均驶行驶的路程里,无人车发生事故的比例仍然高于人类驾驶车时事故发生的比例。) 由于真正因为Google SDCs造成的碰撞冲突的数量为零,所以报告证明了两件事:谷歌自己也认可,无人驾驶车上路还没有达到谷歌想要的安全标准,并且期望他们将来能够将无人驾驶车的安全性提高,并且谷歌的训练程序是非常有效的,他们完全阻止了无人驾驶车碰撞事件的发生。当被继续的这些脱离开,司机仅需0.84秒的时间就能够控制车辆。 想要知道谷歌的无人车在真实的街道上是怎样工作的,我以一名乘客的形式,驾驶无人车在山景域的街道上穿行(他们不会让我坐在车论后面的),我的司机是之前提到的从一开始就从事无人车项目开发的两个主要工程师Dmitri Dolgov和 NathanielFairfield。 他们坚持那个“不是所谓的街道”的路线的原因是谷歌之前已经很小心地规划好了这个路线。对于自动驾驶车来说,绘制出来的街道路线相比收集到的街道视图数据行驶起来更加复杂。在道路上来回行驶数次,这样车中的激光和雷达才能收集齐路边的特征和奇特点。谷歌这种操纵车的方式,很容易被简单地认为:如果这些无人驾驶车在没有在事先规划好的位置,他们就不能实现自动驾驶。 我们后来朝着谷歌新设立的Google X总部(GoogleX 1996年是一个商业区)方向行驶。不一会儿,我们立刻陷入了一个比较刺激的局面:在车将要右转的地方,看见了停车的标志,我们停了下来,此时围绕在我们车周围的是在繁忙的道路上川流不息的车辆。这个车开始一点点向前推进,但是不会做任何有经验的司机将要做的事情。很积极地挤进了一个开口,即使这意味着北行的车辆不得不减速或者缓慢刹车点。之后,令人惊的是这辆车好像是了,你几乎能闻到它的恐惧和困惑。Dolgov 担心有事情发生,赶紧与车脱离。Fairfield 适时地解释说,车最终会自己找到一个开口。 从这里开始,是一个相当完整的额路线,吸引眼球的仅仅是无人驾驶车与人非常相似的驾驶能力。一个区别是,当遇到第一个停车标志时,面对本应该积极进取的情况,无人驾驶车却表现地很胆。Urmson后来解释到:在当前开发的软件中,谷歌无人车项目团队正在对无人车的进取行为进行实验。并且实验可能说明了无人车系统很早之前就掌握了着这种积极进取行为。 它证实了我没有意识到我们短途旅行的最大事件。例如从者一点来说,汽车驶过吹进它车道的树叶,这些树叶一点也没有扰乱无人驾驶车行驶的速度。结束我们的短途行驶后,Dolger and Fairfield 告诉我说无人车行驶的每一个瞬间都代表了他们背后大量的工作。有很长一段时间,SDCs将这样的无害生物质作为要避免的障碍物,并且以平常的速度驶过落叶是最近最成功的技术。 最后到了我的试驾时间。Greg Hanabusa 是我的副驾驶,后座是 Stephanie Villegas、Google 的公关和我的摄影师。两个操作人员监控新手开车,这很常见。我开始把无人驾驶车“开”出停车位,相比起来我亲自开的时候紧张多了。毕竟哪怕出来什么问题,谁又能责怪我呢?我是完全没有过错的。 汽车开始自动行驶了,而且和我的开车方式很像:如果我相信违反最高时速是一种罪过。我遵照了建议,用“九三”的姿势放着手,僵硬的把脚倾斜放在刹车踏板上,并且对方向盘能自动转动,以及车辆自动停止在 Stop 标志上感到非常神奇。当车辆进入十字路口时,我不禁给它加分:因为它遇到黄色灯是会给车辆一个小小的加速度。由于车辆被编程为遵循预定的行车路线通过城堡,我真的感觉到无人车有自己的想法。(当然我也觉得我的第一辆车,老式甲壳虫汽车在转弯的时候容易冲动) 最令人印象深刻的时刻来了。当车辆弯后,它开始加速了,尤其是它稍微过开放道路的隔离带以走捷径。它走得信心十足,但又不鲁。我从它身上得到的信息是:“我知道自己在做什么。”我把手放在里方向一英寸的地方,以确保控制。但在其他时候,你可以告诉 SDC 编程模仿弗罗里达州的车牌。当道路灯变绿的时候,它会在开始启动前等待几秒钟(确切的说,是 1.7 秒),以避免有人闯红灯。 我测试了各种各样的方法,尝试各种事情以造成意外。我试了方向盘上的 OFF 按,油门,刹车和方向盘(不过最手的是,转动方向盘意味着改变最佳行驶方向)。不过车辆似乎还能运行不错,在副驾驶的建议下,我没有测试大个的红色按。 我能感觉到,作为一个测试司机可能是乏味的。车辆的运动是完全可知的,在 Google 无人驾驶汽车里面,也几乎没什么可操心的。不过因为我对如何造成意外有吹毛求的兴趣,所以我必须比实际驾驶车辆付出更多的精力。而且新奇劲过去后,我也觉得有些无聊。在车辆开始运动前,我觉得就像来到了一个娱乐活动。 在我的乘坐过程中,最冒险的一段是在建筑工地,里面有很多交通“陷”。汽车慢到像爬行一样,艰难的移动。这显然让人很不高兴,我也被告知需要下车。我的副驾驶和我充分解释了这件事,一会之后终于可以放行了,我也准备上车。这时候一段合成的语音说道:“自动汽车还不能处理这个情况。” 最后来到了下车的时候。我点击了方向盘右边的 OFF 按,然后在自动停在车位之前,自己开了一会。无人驾驶汽车停好了,我完全不知道下一次坐在它的座位上,是什么时候。 这次经历带来了两个后果。 第一个后果是,我调整了自己关于无人驾驶汽车会多久到来的看法,相比于过去的观点我倾向于它会来的更晚一些。从 Google 乐观的报告中我们看到,无人驾驶汽车已经安全走过了很多公里,只有很少的事故,而且这些事故几乎来自于该死的人类的责任。但坐在雷克萨斯的车辆里,遵循规定的“九三”放置姿势,极度感觉到在任何时刻,我都没多少可能性自行从车里出来。我还得相信使用笔记本的乘客,确认在哪些场景中无人车的假定不符合现实情况,而且我也知道 Google 并不敢让无人车在没有完全标记的道路上形式。我很难相信,无人驾驶汽车的大规模使用会在近期到来。我们现在也许到了 95%,但最后的 5% 将会是漫长的路途。另一件事我们也需要考虑,到目前为止无人驾驶汽车还不能真正在大城市行驶,如果在波士顿行驶的无人驾驶汽车司机遇到鲁的汽车司机,你基本没有反应的时间。 当我把自己悲观的想法和 Chris Urmson 说的时候,他表示我是错的。他说我在山景城看到的东西,很大程度是 Google 在测试过程中出于安全性的考虑。它的谨慎性来自于不断的探索并暴露出弱点,避免把风险留到一般消费者可以把驾驶交给 Google 的时候。当我问他这什么时候会发生,他说:“在我儿子 16 岁之前。” Chris Urmson 的儿子今年 12 岁。 这次冒险的第二个后果,是改变了我真实开车的方式。第二天我坐进了租来的汽车,对周围每一个可能的困难和危险,都变得超级敏感。我对周围环境进行了 X 射线般的扫描,评估危险来自何方。通过模仿 Google 无人车,模仿它的视野和谨慎,避免人类的缺陷,我相信我是更好的一名司机了。 但无论我怎么好,我也经常会无法集中注意力,而且作为有血有肉的司机也有感知上的限制。Google 无人驾驶汽车由自己的优势,而且这个优势还会增长。但是,我会更加自然的进入到交通环境中,而且也不会把油门踩成刹车。【本文来自Medium,作者Steven Levy,由新智元小组原创翻译】 最新关于冠亚国际平台: 根据叶剑英、李克农发给中共中央的电报《中央到平沿途交通警戒布置》,从州到清华园,共十二个站,六十余公里。每站派负责人员两名,一守电话,一盯铁道,并监督车辆通过。专列编排三辆列车,每列车八个车。第一列车载警卫部队、少数干部及保卫人员,在西直门车站下车,然后用卡车将他们直送香山。第二列车为主车,开至清华园车站,极少数欢迎人员在该站迎接。第三列车则开到前门外东车站,后乘汽车巡城一周,一面可以转移目标,一面请初到北平的高级干部视察了解北平的相关情况。 1:No.102|一位美术生的三次选择 2:北京丰台区现阳性病例 呼和浩特累计确诊161例 3:芬兰出土石器时代蛇形木雕 冠亚国际平台所谓“古镇”,一般是指有着百年以上历史,现在仍然保存完好的较大规模古代居住性建筑的商业集镇。由于我国历史悠久,现存古镇数量可观,通过保护与开发,古镇成为各地知名旅游景区,既为地方带来了旅游收入,也满足了游客对“诗与远方”的需求。不过,当游客游览多个古镇就会发现,有独特个性的古镇很少,多数古镇几乎是“一个模子刻出来的”。 Some of the elements of fall color come in the shape of berries, which dot several plants in the late season landscape. Dogwood, holly, chokeberry and beautyberry are just a few of the plants adorned with showy fruit this time of year. A lovely, but under used shrub is the beautyberry, which has clusters of amethyst or white berries along its branches through fall and into winter. The American beautyberry (Callicarpa americana) gets 4 to 6 feet tall and wide and has a loose, open, growth habit with arching branches. The tiny, white or pinkish-white flowers in early to mid-summer are barely noticeable, but the berries that follow are quite showy. The white berry blooming shrub is Callicarpa americana lactea. The native beautyberry’s natural range is from Maryland south to the West Indies and west to Arkansas and southern Mexico. It is rated hardy to USDA Zone 6, which is southern Indiana. Although the American beautyberry’s survival may be marginal in cooler climates, there are two Asian species that do just fine in Zone 5, which includes central and northern Indiana. The Japanese beautyberry (Callicarpa japonica) also is 4 to 6 feet tall and wide. It may have a slightly better form than the native, but the berries are not as plentiful. The cultivar ‘Leucocarpa’ has white berries. Another Asian species with purple berries is (C. dichotoma). This one is in the 3 to 4 foot tall and wide range. The form is much less rangy and the fruiting much more prolific. Two popular cultivars are ‘Early Amethyst’ and ‘Issai.’ Of the two, ‘Issai’ seems the better one for central Indiana, reliably producing flowers and berries year after year. ‘Profusion’ (C. bodinieri) also is a wonderful plant, absolutely loaded with berries, but is in the 6-foot tall and wide range. For beautyberry, hardiness relates more to the branches of the plant than the roots. Even the hardiest may have their branches killed by winter, but the roots will survive. Fortunately, beautyberry blooms and sets fruit on current season’s growth, so winter damaged branches can be cut back to the base of the plant in early spring. New branches will sprout, leaf out, bloom and set fruit for another year of beauty. The reason to wait before cutting them back is so you can enjoy the berries in the late season landscape. Also, birds and small mammals eat the berries. The branches also can be cut for indoor arrangements. Beautyberries do best in part shade to full sun in well-drained soil. A mass plantings of three or more plants gives the best show, especially when sited with evergreens in the background. Because of its size, ‘Issai’ works well in the perennial bed, where it can anchor a corner or take center stage as a specimen plant for a beautiful show in fall. Blue-blooming asters (Aster), the gold foliage of Arkansas blue star (Amsonia hubrichtii), the fall colors of oakleaf hydrangea (H. quercifolia) or peegee hydrangeas (H. paniculata), and ornamental grasses are good companion plants. Beautyberry does best when watered during dry spells; however, it can tolerate slightly drought conditions once established. Fertilizer isn’t usually necessary. Çocuk Bakım Görevlisi mi olmak istiyorsunuz? Öyleyse, deneyiminizi ve niteliklerinizi gösteren bir özgeçmişe ihtiyacınız olacak. Çocuk Bakım Görevlisi Özgeçmiş Örneğimiz, kendi belgenizi oluşturmanız için size harika bir başlangıç noktası sağlayacaktır. En alakalı becerilerinizi, eğitiminizi ve iş geçmişinizi nasıl vurgulayacağınızı öğreneceksiniz. Sonunda, işverenlerin dikkatini çekecek harika bir özgeçmişe sahip olacaksınız. Biz ele alacağız: - Sektörünüz veya iş unvanınız ne olursa olsun özgeçmişnasıl yazılır. - Öne çıkmak için özgeçmişe ne koymalı. - Her sektörden işverenlerin görmek istediği en önemli beceriler. - Profesyonel Özgeçmiş Oluşturucumuz ile nasıl hızlı özgeçmiş oluşturulur. - Özgeçmiş şablonunun ne olduğu ve neden kullanmanız gerektiği. Bir Çocuk Bakım Görevlisi ne yapar? Bir Çocuk Bakım Görevlisi, bir çocuk bakım ortamında çocuklara bakım ve gözetim sağlamaktan sorumludur. Bu, faaliyetleri denetlemeyi, yemek zamanlarına yardımcı olmayı, alt değiştirmeyi, duygusal ve sosyal destek sağlamayı ve temel eğitim faaliyetlerine yardımcı olmayı içerebilir. Çocuk Bakım Görevlisi ayrıca öğrenme ortamının tüm çocuklar için güvenli ve emniyetli olmasını sağlamaktan da sorumludur. - Berber Özgeçmiş Örneği - Bakıcı Özgeçmiş Örneği - Çocuk Bakım Görevlisi Özgeçmiş Örneği - Çocuk Psikoloğu Özgeçmiş Örneği - Kuaför Özgeçmiş Örneği - Ev Temizleyicisi Özgeçmiş Örneği - Deneyimli Laktasyon Danışmanı Özgeçmiş Örneği - Kişisel Bakıcı Özgeçmiş Örneği - Okul Öncesi Müdürü Özgeçmiş Örneği - Usher Özgeçmiş Örneği Bir Çocuk Bakım Görevlisinin bazı sorumlulukları nelerdir? - Çocuklar için güvenli ve besleyici bir ortam sağlamak - Bakımları altındaki çocukların güvenliğini denetlemek ve izlemek - Oyunlar, sanat ve el sanatları, müzik ve hikaye anlatımı gibi rekreasyonel etkinlikler düzenlemek ve bunlara katılmak - Çocukları yemek yeme, dinlenme ve tuvalet alışkanlıkları gibi sağlık ve kişisel alışkanlıklar konusunda eğitmek - Çocukları ebeveynleri tarafından talep edilen yöntemlere göre disipline etmek - Temiz ve düzenli bir ortam sağlamak - Çocukların gelişimini takip edin ve ebeveynlerle iletişim kurun İlham Almak İçin Örnek Çocuk Bakım Görevlisi Özgeçmişi Kişisel Bilgiler: İsim: Amy Smith Adres: 123 Main Street, Anytown, CA 90210 Telefon: (123) 456-7890 E-posta: [email protected] Özet: Amy Smith, ailelere çocuk bakımı hizmetleri sağlama konusunda beş yıllık deneyime sahip, güvenilir ve kendini işine adamış bir Çocuk Bakım Görevlisidir. Çocukların büyümesi ve gelişmesi için güvenli ve besleyici bir ortam sağlamaya kendini adamıştır. Amy ilk yardım ve CPR eğitimi almıştır ve mükemmel iletişim ve organizasyon becerilerine sahiptir. İş
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Therefore, if researchers take an infrared spectrum of an unknown material and see the peaks shown in spectrum B, they know that the material consists of carbon nanotubes functionalized by adding oxygen atoms. Yönetici Yönetici - Mesajlar - 1,941 Ali Abdurrazık 1888-1966 yılları arasında yaşamış Mısırlı bir İslam modernisti ve reformcusudur. Kuzey Mısır'da Minya'da doğmuş olan Abdürrazık, 1912 yılında Kahire'deki EI-Ezher Üniversitesi'nden mezun olmuş, 1913-14 yılları arasında da Oxford Üniversitesinde hukuk tahsil etmiştir. Ülkesine döndükten sonra hakimlik görevine getirilmiş, fakat cesur ve reformist düşünceleri nedeniyle kısa bir süre sonra görevinden uzaklaştırılmış, EI-Ezher uleması tarafından mahkûm edilince de unvanları elinden alınmıştır. O uzun yıllar boyunca yurtdışında kalmış, bir ara itibari kısmen de olsa iade edilince, 1947 yılında Arap Birliği Akademisi'ne üye yapılmıştır. Abdürrazık'ın İslam ve İktidarın Kaynakları konulu olan 1933-34 yılında Fransızcaya tercüme edilmiş olan iki eseri bulunmaktadır. Onun düşüncesinin merkezinde halifelik problemi bulunur. İşe hukuk ile politika arasındaki bağa ilişkin bir incelemeyle başlayan Abdürrazık'a göre, hem İslamm geçmişinde ve hem de mevcut İslamda iktidar ve egemenliğin hukukî temelini doğru anlamak için halifeliği anlamak zorunlu gibi görünmektedir. İnsanî gerçekliğin daha iyi ve doğru algılanabilmesi için Arapların politika bilmine ilişkin araştırmaya duydukları ihtiyaca işaret eden Abdürrazık, halifeliğin Mustafa Kemal tarafından ilgası (1924) hareketini gördükten sonra, halifeliğin Kuran'da da cemaatin mutabakatında da bir temeli bulunmadığını savunmuştur. Bu iki düşünceden, yani sırasıyla halifeliğin İslamiyetin zorunlu bir parçası olmadığı ve peygamberin misyonunun salt tinsel bir misyon olduğu düşüncelerinden hareketle de, dinin hükümet ve politikayla hemen hiçbir ilişkisinin olmadığını öne sürer. Onun bu seküler yaklaşımına İslam hukukunun geleneksel hocaları tarafından şiddetle karşı çıkılmış ve ayni yaklaşım onun marjinalleştirilmesine, etkisinin çok sınırlı kalmasına yol açmıştır. C. Adams, İslam and Modernism in Egypt, London, 1933. M. Colombe, l.'Evoltıtion de l'Egypte, Paris Maison neuve, 1951. A. Hourani, Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age, London, Oxford University Press, 1970. E. Rosenthal, Islam in the Modern National State, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965. Ayrıca bkz., ÇAĞDAŞ İSLAM DÜŞÜNCESİ, İSLAM FELSEFESİ, İSLAM GELENEKÇİLİĞİ, İSLAM MODERNİZMİ. Kaynak: Felsefe Ansiklopedisi / Etik Yayınları ...I can tell by the blank stare on your face that you've probably never heard of it. And that's ok, because now I can tell you about it! So a quick history and geography lesson, then.... Estonia is located on the Baltic Sea. It is one of the three Baltic States, alongside Latvia and Lithuania. All three were once part of the U.S.S.R. Today, though, Estonia and its Baltic brethren are members of the European Union, but just Estonia uses the Euro (since January of this year). Estonia has only about 1.3 million people living within its borders and the official language is (You guessed it!) Estonian. Estonian is in the Finno-Ugric language group--meaning it is similar to Finnish and distantly related to Hungarian. Apparently, it is one of the most difficult languages to learn (14 grammatical cases). It shares its terrestrial borders with Russia and Latvia, and its maritime border with Finland. It is a relatively flat country about the size of New Hampshire and Vermont combined, with numerous marshes, islands, and forests. In fact, more than 50% of Estonia is forested. It's got a large amount of wildlife due to its intact environments and it, along with Finland, is one of the most wildlife-populated places in Europe. After regaining its independence in the early 1990s through the famous Singing Revolution, its stunted economy grew quite rapidly. So rapidly that, until recently, Estonia was known as the "Baltic Tiger" because of its fierce economic growth. So that's Estonia, basically. ب: شرایط عمومی داوطلبان ۱- تابعیت نظام مقدس جمهوری اسلامی ایران. ۲- التزام به قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران. ۳- متدین به دین مبین اسلام و یا یکی از ادیان رسمی کشور، مصرح در قانون اساسی. ۴- داشتن تندرستی و توانایی کامل جسمانی و روانشناختی با تأیید طب کار بهداشت و درمان. ۵- عدم تعهد خدمت در دستگاه های دولتی و غیر دولتی. ۶- عدم اشتغال به کار به صورت رسمی، پیمانی و یا آزمایشی در واحدهای تابعه صنعت نفت، گاز و پتروشیمی. ۷- دارا بودن کارت پایان خدمت نظام وظیفه و یا کارت معافیت دائم غیر پزشکی. ۸- نداشتن سوء پیشینه کیفری به تأیید مراجع ذیصلاح و عدم اشتهار به فساد اخلاقی. ۹- کلیه پذیرفته شدگان نهائی (آزمون کتبی - مصاحبه – معاینات پزشکی) می بایست ساکن منطقه عسلویه گردند. ۱۰- با عنایت به اینکه امکانات اسکان شرکت در منطقه بسیار محدود می باشد، تأمین مسکن پذیرفته شدگان نهایی بومی که می بایست در منطقه عسلویه ساکن گردند، به عهده خودشان خواهد بود. تعریف بومی: به متقاضیانی بومی اتلاق می شود که یکی از شرایط ذیل را دارا باشند. * متقاضیانی که محل تولد و یا صدور شناسنامه آنان، شهرهای استان بوشهر و یا شهرستان های مهر، لامرد و پارسیان باشد. * متقاضیانی که محل تولد و یا صدور شناسنامه یکی از والدین آنان، شهرهای استان بوشهر و یا شهرستان های مهر، لامرد و پارسیان باشد و خود متقاضی به مدت حداقل ۱۰ سال ساکن شهر های استان بوشهر و یا شهرستان های مهر، لامرد و پارسیان باشد. * دریافت کنندگان مدرک تحصیلی دیپلم از یکی از شهرهای استان بوشهر یا شهرستان های مهر، لامرد و یا پارسیان * متقاضیانی که مدت ده سال در یکی از شهرستان های استان بوشهر و یا شهرستان های مهر، لامرد و پارسیان طبق تائید و گواهی کتبی مدیریت کار و خدمات اشتغال منطقه ویژه اقتصادی انرژی پارس سکونت یا اشتغال داشته باشند. ج: شرایط اختصاصی داوطلبان ۱- متقاضیان شرکت در آزمون می بایست محل تولد یا محل صدور یا محل اخذ دیپلم آنها یکی از استان های بوشهر یا فارس یا خوزستان باشد. ۲- دارا بودن کارت پایان خدمت سربازی تا قبل از تاریخ برگزاری آزمون کتبی در خصوص آقایان • برای متقاضیان مرد، که خدمت سربازی را انجام داده اند، تاریخ اتمام سربازی درج شده بر روی کارت، معیار مقایسه با تاریخ آزمون کتبی خواهد بود • برای متقاضیان مرد، دارای کارت معافیت از خدمت سربازی، تاریخ صدور کارت معافیت، معیار مقایسه با تاریخ آزمون کتبی خواهد بود. • متقاضیان مرد دارای کسر خدمت سربازی می بایست هنگام ورود اطلاعات، مدت خدمت سربازی را بدون در نظر گرفتن مدت هر گونه کسر خدمت درج نمایند. ۳- حداقل معدل برای کلیه داوطلبان مقاطع تحصیلی مختلف، مطابق جدول نیازها می باشد. تبصره ۱: دارندگان مدارک تحصیلی دانشگاهی از دانشگاه های تهران، صنعتی شریف، صنعتی امیرکبیر، صنعتی شیراز، دانشگاه شیراز، صنعتی اصفهان، دانشگاه اصفهان، علم و صنعت ایران، خواجه نصیر الدین طوسی، علامه طباطبائی، فردوسی مشهد، صنعتی سهند تبریز، چمران اهواز و صنعت نفت آبادان دارای الویت بوده و یک نمره تقلیل در حداقل معدل کل برای آنها منظور خواهد شد. ۴- حداکثر سن برای داوطلبان با مقطع تحصیلی فوق لیسانس ۳۲ سال، لیسانس ۳۰ سال، فوق دیپلم ۲۸ سال و دیپلم ۲۶ سال در تاریخ برگزاری آزمون کتبی میباشد. تبصره ۱: مدت زمان خدمت نظام وظیفه به حداکثر سن داوطلبان افزوده می شود. تبصره ۲: مدت سابقه کار قبلی مرتبط با شغل، با ارائه گواهی معتبر از محل خدمت قبلی و گواهی پرداخت حق بیمه مربوطه، تا سقف سه سال به حداکثر سن اعلام شده اضافه خواهد شد. ۵- متقاضیان در مقطع تحصیلی دیپلم صرفاً می بایست بومی شهرستان عسلویه، جم، کنگان و دیر، طبق شرایط مندرج در شرایط اختصاصی آزمون (تعریف بومی) باشند. ۶- در مقاطع تحصیلی بالاتر از دیپلم، پنجاه درصد جذب پذیرفته شدگان، از بین متقاضیان واجد شرایط بومی (طبق تعریف بومی مندرج در آگهی) خواهد بود و در صورت عدم امکان تأمین، بر اساس امتیاز مکتسبه در مجموع آزمون کتبی و مصاحبه و در غیر اینصورت از پذیرفته شدگان سایر مناطق جغرافیایی که امتیاز بالاتری کسب نموده باشند تأمین خواهد شد. ۷- مدرک تحصیلی افرادی قابل قبول برای شرکت در آزمون استخدامی خواهد بود که در مقطع تحصیلی دیپلم مورد تأیید وزارت آموزش و پرورش و در مقاطع تحصیلی دانشگاهی که از طریق آزمون های سراسری دانشگاهها و دانشگاه آزاد موفق به ورود به مراکز آموزش عالی برای دریافت مدرک رسمی شده و مدارک یاد شده، مورد تأیید وزارت علوم قرار گرفته باشد. و: مدارک موردنیاز ۱- تکمیل فرم الکترونیکی تقاضای ثبت نام در سایت ۲- اسکن و بارگذاری عکس ۴*۳ جدید ( طبق مشخصات ذکر شده در سایت) ۳- پرداخت الکترونیکی مبلغ ۱۵۰٫۰۰۰ ریال (یکصد و پنجاه هزار ریال) بابت ثبت نام و شرکت در آزمون از طریق سامانه ثبت نام. لازم به ذکر است هزینه ثبت نام به هیچ عنوان مسترد نخواهد داشت. ز : تذکرهای بسیار مهم: ۱- داوطلبان گرامی میبایست برای آگاهی از تمام مراحل جذب و آزمون، بصورت مستمر به سایت bakhtarpc.iran-azmoon.ir مراجعه نمایند. ۲- مسئولیت صحت ثبت اطلاعات در سایت اینترنتی به عهده خود شخص متقاضی میباشد و در هر مرحله از جذب چنانچه محرز گردد، داوطلب اطلاعات نادرست داده یا فاقد شرایط مندرج در آگهی باشد از انجام مراحل بعدی محروم خواهد شد. ۳- فارغ التحصیلان و دانشجویان مقاطع تحصیلی بالاتر از مقاطع اعلام شده، مجاز به ثبت نام و شرکت در آزمون استخدامی برای مقاطع تحصیلی پایین تر، نخواهند بود و در صورت مشاهده، به عنوان کتمان حقیقت تلقی خواهد شد و از ادامه روند استخدام آنان جلوگیری بعمل خواهد آمد. تذکر: مدارک داوطلبانی که فراغت از تحصیل یا تاریخ پایان خدمت نظام وظیفه و یا تاریخ صدور معافیت دائم آنان بعد از تاریخ برگزاری آزمون استخدامی باشد، مورد پذیرش قرار نخواهند گرفت. ۴- به تقاضای ثبت نام اینترنتی متقاضیانی که پس از مهلت مقرر( ۹۸/۰۳/۲۴ )اقدام نمایند، ترتیب اثر داده نخواهد شد. ۵- ثبت نام زمانی تکمیل میباشد که شماره رهگیری از طریق سیستم به متقاضی اعلام گردد. ۶- لازم به توضیح است که افراد بر اساس بیشترین نمره آزمون کتبی و تا تکمیل ظرفیت مورد نیاز در هر گرایش جهت طی انجام سایر مراحل استخدامی دعوت خواهند شد. جذب نیروی انسانی در شرکت بر اساس موفقیت متقاضیان در تمامی مراحل استخدامی (مشتمل بر آزمون کتبی- مصاحبه تخصصی و روان شناختی و معاینات پزشکی) خواهد بود و چنانچه متقاضیان در هر یک از مراحل فوق موفقیت لازم را کسب ننمایند، موضوع ادامه مراحل استخدامی آنان منتفی خواهد گردید. ۷- همراه داشتن کارت ورود به جلسه و کارت ملی در روز برگزاری آزمون کتبی ضروری خواهد بود. ۸- آزمون کتبی در تاریخ ۳۰ یا ۳۱ خرداد ۹۸، در شهرستان های بوشهر، شیراز و اهواز برگزار خواهد گردید. ساعت و آدرس محل برگزاری آزمون در زمان توزیع کارت ورود به جلسه آزمون، اعلام میگردد. ۹- جذب نیروها صرفاً جهت بکارگیری در کارخانه شرکت واقع در منطقه عسلویه میباشد. ۱۰- از پذیرفته شدگان نهایی تعهد محضری خدمت به میزان ۵ سال اخذ خواهد شد. سلام من ازشهر پارسیانم و بومی محسوب میشم.من موقع ثیت نام به مشکل میخورم.مشخصاتمو وارد میکنم به (محل تولد-صدور شناسنامه-محل اخذ دیپلم)هرشهر استان هرمزگان میزنم به مرحله بعد نمیره و میگه شما واجد شرایط نیستی.یعنی اصلا استان هرمزگان تایید نمیکنه.ولی یکی استان سه موارد بالارو تغییر میدم به مرحله بعد میره.کسی مشکلو میدونه راهنمایی کنه لطفا؟ سلام آبجی شما چون ارشد هستی تا ۳۲سالگی مجازید ولی اگه سابقه داشته باشی ک مرتبط رشته باشه میتونی شرکت کنی در غیر این صورت ی راه حل دیگه هم دارید.ببین اگ مواردی گفتم نداشتی ی پیام بزار خطاب به سیا تا بگم چکار کنی. سلام سریع میرم سر اصل مطلب من اهل استان چهارمحال و بختیاری هستم وقتی صحبت از آب میشه و اینکه باید به بقیه مناطق کشورم آب برسه و صنعت ومردم ازش استفاده کن بحث ملیه و نباید اعتراض کرد ولی موقع ثبت نام واسه شرکت های این استان ها بومی گزینی انجام میشه .... فولاد و ذوب آهن خورستان و اصفهان و آب مورد نیاز شرکت های بزرگ این استان ها از کانون های آبی استان من سرچشمه میگیره و ما می مونیم و زمین هایی که حق آبیاری آنها را نداریم . یک بار بیایید و ببینید تا باور کنید.یا علی عسلویه گاز کل ایران و خارج از ایران و سوخت پتروشیمی ها و بخاری منزل شما رو میده پس باید تو کل آرمون های سراسر کشور امتیاز براش بزارن مگه میزارن؟ اراک و بیدبلند و... ثد در صد بومی گرفتن برای عسلویه میشه کل ایران؟؟؟؟؟؟ با سلام در پاسخ به نظر شما دوست عزیز،من اهل بوشهرم شما میگویید که آب مناطق جنوب کشور بویژه استان هایی که نام بردید از استان های همجوار(چهارمحال و کهکیلویه) تهیه میشود و از طرفی بدانید که اگر استان بوشهر که داره گاز به سراسر کشور و حتی به کشور های همسایه و اروپایی ارسال میکنه بخواد گاز خروجی خودش رو قطع کنه استانی مثل استان شما هم نمیتونه در فصل زمستان که دما تا منفی۲۰ درجه هم میرسه از گاز استفاده کنه پس نتیجه میگیریم که استان ها به هم وابسته هستند. چند سالی هست که دارن بومی سازی میکنن یعنی هر استانی بومی سازی خاص خودش رو در زمینه های مختلف داره.در این دو استان(خوزستان و بوشهر) که حداکثردما(۶۰درجه) و رطوبت(۱۰۰درصد) و گرد و خاک بیداد میکنه میخوان تا اونجایی که جا داره از نیرو و تکنسین های داخلی برای پیشرفت استان خودش استفاده کنه نه اینکه بیاد از نیرو های غیر بومی استفاده کنه و این نیرو ها از دارایی هایی که در این استان بدست می آورند در استان های خود استفاده کنند که متاسفانه همین طورم هست و بالای ۸۰ درصد این نیروها غیر بومی هستند. خودتون دارید میبینید که پول هایی که در این استان بدست میاد خرج کلان شهر ها و... میشود مشخص هم هست الان یه نگاه به پیشرفت شهر های عربی که اونا هم دارن از چاه مشترک خلیج فارس استفاده میکنن بینداز و یه نگاه هم به بوشهر کنگان جم عسلویه. و در آخر یه سوال میپرسم آیا خود شما حاضرید بیایید در این استان مشغول به کار شوید با بالا ترین حقوق و مزایا شرکت نفت بعد حاضرید این پولی که در میارید در همون استان خرج کنید(ماشین، خونه و...) و بیایید در همون استان زندگی کنید؟؟؟؟؟اینم در نظر بگیرید که من نمیگم که نباید از نیرو های غیربومی استفاده کنه منظورم اینه که باید یه فرقی بین اینها باشه و اولویت با بومی باشه چرا چرت میگی !!!؟؟؟ انگار مردم اون استان ها همگی صبح تا شب چوب برداشتین و بالا سر همه پلانکتونها ها وایستادین و مجبورشون کردین که نفت و گاز شن !!!!؟؟؟؟ بدون نفت و گاز زنده میمونم ، اما آب رو رو استان شما قطع کنیم ، چند روز بیشتر دووم نمیارید. سرمایه ملی یک کشور رو با سرمایه شخصی خودت اشتباه گرفتی ، سرت گیج نره یه موقع !!؟؟ بحث اینکه پول فروش و درآمد نفت و گاز صرف آبادانی اونجا نمیشه ، درسته و من هم قبول دارم . اما ربطی ب استخدامی ملی نداره ، الان کسی که نفت گاز پتروشیمی خونده و نخبه هستش ولی استان دیگه هستش باید چیکار کنه ؟ ؟؟ باید موقع انتخاب رشته بزنن که رشته های مربوط به نفت گاز پتروشیمی رو فقط بچه های اون استان ها میتونن بخونن..سیاست گذاری ها ، تصمیمات دقیقا گند زدن ب این کشور و این روند ادامه داره خداییش این چه کاریه که فقط واسه سه تا استان آزمون گرفته میشه.یعنی بقیه ایرانی نیستند.ما هم زحمت کشیدیم پس ماباید کجا بریم سرکار. تا الان همه آزمونا سراسری بود پس چرا یهو این یکی اینجوری باید باشه. خدا میدونه ما هم یه حقی داریم سلام،به نظرم واقعآ افرادی که برای این آزمون وقت گذاشتند وزحمت کشیدن حقشون ضایع شد،اولآ نحوه ی برگزاری امتحان بسیارضعیف بود (اهواز)،دوم اینکه تعداد زیادی از سوالات اشتباه بودن(نداشتن مقدار ،اشتباهات چاپی،تکرار مکرر یک سوال دردفترچه و...)،سوم اینکه سوالات یا غیرقابل حل،ویا خیلی خیلی ساده بودن،به هرحال امیدوارم این اتفاقات ناخوشایند باعث نشه که افرادی که حقشون نیست ، روی کرسی مصاحبه بشینن وافرادی مثل بنده که واسه این آزمون هفته ها درس خوندندو تعدادشون کم هم نیست،بتونن خانواده هاشونو خوشحال کنن (امیدگراوندیان مهندسی برق) Chu Shong Tin Sticking hands is the necessary step in learning the fighting principles of Wing Chun. The purpose is to train the application of the movements and the ingenious responses in fighting so one can foster the natural reflexes of the movements. In order to develop the superior, natural and habitual reflexes, one needs to have a rigorous basis in sticking hands training. Because of this reason, the practise of sticking hands is divided into the following stages: single sticking hand, rolling hands, practising the defencing and attacking techniques and free sparring and requires to be learnt step by step. When some of the people discuss the sticking hands of Wing Chun, they consider that the techniques in sticking hands are effective only when there is arm(s) contact with the opponent. The Wing Chun practitioner can then feel what the opponents are doing and respond to the action and fight back. In fighting, if the opponents can avoid arm(s) contact with the Wing Chun practitioner then they think the function of sticking hands cannot be used. This idea is due to the lack of their understanding of Wing Chun. Sticking hands does not need to have arm(s) contact in its reponses to the action of the opponent. The purpose of sticking hands are diverse and need to be coordinated together in order to achieve the best fighting result. The procedures and purposes of sticking hands, generally, can be divided as follow:
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and his brother Peter revived the society in 1966. The PRS continued their experiments and now flew rocket mail to raise funds for charities. Thanks to a busybody notifying their activities to the Home Office in 1969, the PRS had to stop flying pyrotechnic rockets (officially at least!), but with great ingenuity turned to the development of ‘aquajet’ rockets, propelled by compressed air and water, as an unobjectionable alternative. The authorities still objected! Shown below is John Stewart with his double-chamber aquajet launched in the mid 1980’s at the site of what is now the Paisley’s University sports ground on the road to Barrhead. In response to the word from officialdom, the PRS also ran a campaign under the ‘Fund for the Freedom to Fly Model Rockets’. The Home Office Ban on model rocketry, even with factory produced motors, prevailed until 1985, but the PRS ignored it and quietly kept on flying pyrotechnic rockets up the Gleniffer Braes! This photo shows John setting up a rocket launch at Walls Hill south-east of Howwood in 1983. The society remained active until the death of John Stewart in March 2005, when it was decided to end the society. Glasgow Airport’s immoderate and insatiable demand for ever more controlled airspace now makes rocket flight in and around Paisley impossible. However, rocketry inspired by the Paisley Rocketeers Society continues today in Ayrshire with old and new rocketeers, including some of the former PRS such as John’s brother, Peter Stewart. With reliable and affordable model rocket motors and kits now available in most good model shops, and higher power motors for more experienced rocketeers also now available through licensed importers and suppliers, what might be termed “popular and public rocketry” is a growing activity in Scotland. Today, the Scottish Aeronautics and Rocketry Association (SARA) rocket club fires small to large rockets at the Fairlie Moor south of Largs in a safe and legal manner. All are welcome to join. And every August, rocketeers convene from all over the world at the International Rocket Week which is currently sited at the Lapwing Lodge (‘Peesweep’) scout camp south of Paisley. (The launches take place at the Fairlie Moor). At this event, the John Stewart annual trophy is awarded to an innovative or meritorious rocketeer in recognition of the sterling research efforts of the Paisley Rocketeer’s Society. Rick Newlands, former PRS member. (All pictures courtesy of Peter Stewart, Paisley Rocketeers’ Society.) اینستاگرام به لطف ماهیت بصری خود هنوز هم می تواند شادی را برای زندگی شما به ارمغان بیاورد. برخلاف اضطراب و عصبانیتی که برخی افراد هنگام استفاده از فیس بوک و توییتر احساس می کنند. با این حال، اگر در اینستاگرام تازه وارد هستید، ممکن است برخی از اصطلاحات نانوشته در آن را ندانید. در این مقاله، ما زبان اینستاگرام و تعدادی از اصطلاحات اینستاگرام را به شما توضیح می دهیم. اصطلاحات پرکاربرد اینستاگرام ۱.بیو این اصطلاح اینستاگرام مربوط به بیوگرافی پروفایل شما در اینستاگرام است. این مکان متعلق به شماست تا کمی در مورد خودتان به بقیه بگویید. شما می توانید از متن، ایموجی ها، هشتگ ها و حتی منشن افراد دیگر در بیو خود استفاده کنید. آیا می خواهید متن را با خطوط خالی قالب بندی کنید؟ ابتدا توضیحات را در یک برنامه یادداشت بنویسید و سپس آن را در قسمت Bio قرار دهید. ۲.استوری استوری اینستاگرام قابلیتی است که اینستاگرام از Snapchat الهام گرفته است و احتمالاً این بخش بزرگترین دلیل محبوبیت اینستاگرام در حال حاضر است. با استفاده از استوری، می توانید یک عکس یا فیلم ۱۵ ثانیه ای منتشر کنید که به طور خودکار پس از ۲۴ ساعت از فید شما ناپدید می شود. استفاده از استوری اینستاگرام سرگرم کننده است.می توانید متن، ایموجی ها، برچسب ها، GIF ها، هشتگ ها، منشن و حتی doodle را بر روی تصویر اضافه کنید. استوری های اینستاگرام ممکن است احمقانه به نظر برسند اما یک بستر شگفت انگیز برای به اشتراک گذاشتن کمی از خلاقیت شما با جهان اطراف شما است. ۳.منشن با کمک منشن می توانید توجه شخصی را در اینستاگرام جلب کنید. با نماد @ شروع کنید و به دنبال آن نام کاربری طرف مقابل را بنویسید. اگر آنها را دنبال می کنید، وقتی اسم آن ها را می نویسید، اولین گزینه ها احتمالا شخصیت موردنظر شما خواهند بود. می توانید از شخصی در مکانهای مختلف اینستاگرام، از جمله در بیوگرافی، نظرات یا حتی در استوری های اینستاگرام خود نام ببرید. ۴.تگ تگ متفاوت با منشن است. تگ به این معناست که شخصی را روی یک ویدیو یا عکس برچسب گذاری کنید. وقتی کسی را تگ می کنید، در نمایه آن ها (در بخش برچسب خورده ها در کنار گالری) نشان داده می شود. ۵.لایو لایو اینستاگرام ویژگی پخش مستقیم اینستاگرام است. این کار شبیه به Facebook Live یا Periscope است. لایو اینستاگرام از زیرمجموعه های بخش استوری اینستاگرام است. هنگامی که لایو می گیرید، می توانید پیام ها را در چت پین کنید، به نظرات پاسخ دهید و حتی از کسی دعوت کنید تا به جریان لایو شما (با استفاده از یک نمای صفحه) بپیوندد. ۶.IGTV IGTV آخرین تلاش اینستاگرام برای فیلم های طولانی و رقابت با یوتیوب است. برای اینستاگرام، هر چیزی که بیشتر از یک دقیقه زمان ببرد، مربوط به IGTV است. IGTV یک برنامه مستقل نیز دارد و هم یک بخش در برنامه اصلی اینستاگرام. اگر می خواهید فیلم های عمودی و طولانی را از اینستاگرامر مورد علاقه خود مشاهده کنید، می توانید با استفاده از نماد تلویزیون در گوشه بالا سمت راست این کار را انجام دهید. ۷.هایلایت ها هایلایت ها روش اینستاگرام برای کمک به شما در جلوه دادن بهترین استوری های اینستاگرام شماست. همانطور که گفته شد، استوری هایی که ارسال می کنید پس از ۲۴ ساعت ناپدید می شوند. اما جالب است که بیدانید آن ها هنوز در بایگانی شما باقی می مانند. ۸.دایرکت دایرکت اینستاگرام، بستر پیام رسان داخلی اینستاگرام است. نماد هواپیمای کاغذی کج شده را در همه جای برنامه پیدا خواهید کرد. می توانید برای ارسال پیام به یک دوست، از دایرکت اینستاگرام استفاده کنید، تصویری را از گالری خود به اشتراک بگذارید، یک تصویر ناپدید شونده ارسال کنید و یا حتی یک تماس ویدیویی گروهی برقرار کنید. ۹.الگوریتم اینستاگرام طی یک سال گذشته، الگوریتم اینستاگرام همانند شهری وسیع شده است. این سحر و جادو پنهان علوم کامپیوتر است که اینستاگرام از آن استفاده می کند تا همه چیزهایی که کاربران روی سیستم عامل مشاهده و تعامل دارند را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد. دفعه بعد که می شنوید کاربران اینستاگرام درباره الگوریتم مشاجره می کنند این سؤالات را امتحان کنید. آیا می دانستید که اینستاگرام فقط پست های شما را به حدود ۱۰ درصد از مخاطبان شما به صورت ارگانیک نشان می دهد؟ آیا می دانستید که هرچه با کاربران تعامل بیشتری داشته باشید (درمورد نظرات یا در دایرکت) احتمالاً احتمال بیشتری برای دیدن پستهای شما در فید آنها وجود دارد؟ ۱۰.هشتگ هشتگ ها خون اینستاگرام هستند. شما می توانید حداکثر ۳۰ مورد از آنها را در یک پست استفاده کنید، اما باید از آن ها هدفمند استفاده کنید. هشتگ مناسب، تعامل مناسب را برای شما به ارمغان می آورد. ۱۱.سیو اکنون اینستاگرام به شما امکان می دهد تا پست ها را برای استفاده شخصی خود ذخیره کنید. این کار همانند دانلوذ یک تصویر یا فیلم در گالری تلفن شما نیست. درعوض، بیشتر شبیه به نشانک است. این ویژگی جدید به شما امکان می دهد بیشتر از Pinterest از اینستاگرام استفاده کنید. وقتی پستی را مشاهده می کنید که می خواهید بعداً ذخیره کنید، روی نماد نشانک در گوشه پایین سمت راست پست ضربه بزنید. ذخیره خواهد شد می توانید روی گزینه Save to Collection ضربه بزنید تا آن را در یک مجموعه متفاوت ذخیره کنید. Mute.12 آیا نمی خواهید عکسهای مسافرتی کاملاً ویرایش شده از آخرین تعطیلات همکارتان را ببینید؟فکر می کنید که آنفالو کردن یا بلاک کردن باعث دردسر خواهد شد؟ به جای این کار ها، دکمه Mute را امتحان کنید. ۱۳.بلاک این گزینه هسته ای است. وقتی شخصی را در اینستاگرام بلاک می کنید، آنها دیگر نمی توانند پست های شما، استوری ها یا فعالیت شما را مشاهده کنند. وقتی آنها از نمایه شما بازدید می کنند، می توانند دکمه فالو را مشاهده کنند، اما ضربه زدن به آن هیچ کاری انجام نخواهد داد. شما همچنین می توانید شخصی را به طور خاص از کامنت گذاری مسدود کنید. به Settings > Comment Controls & Block Comments بروید. ۱۴.مخفی کردن استوری Mute مربوط به پنهان کردن پست های شخص موردنظر است. اما اگر نمی خواهید شخصی استوری های اینستاگرام شما را ببیند، چه باید کرد؟ وقتی در صفحه ویرایش استوری هستید، روی آیکون چرخ کلیک کنید. از اینجا، به قسمت مخفی کردن استوری بروید و افرادی را که نمی خواهید استوری خود را به آنها نشان دهید اضافه کنید. ۱۵.ریپورت هر وقت چیزی نامناسب در اینستاگرام دیدید، همیشه آن را گزارش کنید (ریپورت). هر چیز نامناسب می تواند یک نظر تهدیدآمیز یا صفحه ای باشد که به کلاهبرداری افراد اختصاص داده شده است. بر روی دکمه منو ضربه بزنید و Report را انتخاب کنید. اینستاگرام گزارش شما را بررسی کرده و اقدامات مناسب را انجام می دهد.با اینکار شما وظیفه خود را در قبال ساخت اینستاگرام به مکانی بهتر برای همه انجام داده اید. ۱۶.پروفایل تجاری اینستاگرام روشی ساده برای جابجایی از نمایه شخصی به نمایه تجاری ارائه می دهد. برای استفاده از نمایه کسب و کار لازم نیست شرکت به ثبت برسانید. تبدیل شدن به یک نمایه تجاری، مزایای بسیاری وجود دارد. شما به دکمه های عمل در بیو دسترسی پیدا می کنید و آمار های جالبی نیز از پیج خود دریافت خواهید کرد. بعلاوه، استفاده از نمایه تجاری تنها راه برای باز کردن ویژگی هایی مانند تعبیه لینک در استوری و اضافه کردن دکمه های خرید به پست های شما است. Insights.17 پس از تبدیل شدن به یک نمایه تجاری، یک دکمه Insights را در نوار ابزار بالای نمایه خود مشاهده خواهید کرد. روی آن ضربه بزنید و دریایی از اطلاعات مفید را پیدا خواهید کرد. خواهید فهمید که سن و جنسیت فالوور های شما چقدر است و همچنین بهترین زمان برای ارسال حداکثری در اینستاگرام چه زمانی از روز است. ۱۸.اکسپلور از نوار ابزار پایین روی دکمه جستجو ضربه بزنید و به همین راحتی در برگه اکسپلور قرار خواهید گرفت. این صفحه همه پست های جدیدی که در اینستاگرام به آن ها گرایش دارید را به شما نشان خواهد داد. در بالا، مباحث را پیدا خواهید کرد و در زیر، فید عکس ها و فیلم های محبوب به شما نشان داده می شود. Home.19 هوم در واقع همان صفحه فید شماست. در هوم شما می توانید استوری های جدید افرادی که فالو کرده اید و همچنین پست های جدید را مشاهده کنید. ۲۰.نرخ تعامل نرخ تعامل اینستاگرام چیست؟ به عبارت ساده، میزان درگیری فالوور هایتان با محتوای شما است. میزان نرخ تعامل اینستاگرام شما تقسیم مجموع لایک ها و کامنت هایی که در هر پست دریافت می کنید، با تعداد دنبال کننده های شما است. پایان خوب این تمام اصطلاحات اینستاگرام بود که ما سعی کردیم برای شما تدارک ببینیم! امیدواریم این مقاله ما برای شما مفید واقع شده باشد. مانند همیشه ما پذیرا و منتظر نظرات شما در بخش نظرات سایت هستیم. به امید اینکه بتوانیم بار دیگر پذیرای نظرات شما باشیم. La pubblicazione raccoglie gli atti del Convegno in memoria di Simone Veil promosso dalla Commissione Affari esteri del Senato e svoltosi a Palazzo Carpegna il 27 luglio 2017. Magistrato, ministro, Presidente del primo Parlamento europeo eletto a suffragio universale diretto, componente del Conseil constitutionnel e dell'Académie Française, per tutta la sua lunga vita Simone Veil ha combattuto con profonda e appassionata determinazione per realizzare i propri ideali: la libertà, la tutela dei diritti umani, l'Europa unita, la parità tra donne e uomini. 施工合同无效时工程价款的确定 来源: 点击量:82次 发布于:2020-11-12 15:41 合同法第五十八条规定“合同无效或者被撤销后,因该合同取得的财产,应当予以返还;不能返还或者没有必要返还的,应当折价补偿”。对于建设工程施工合同而言,其特殊性在于合同履行的过程,就是承包人将劳动及建筑材料物化到建设工程的过程,即承包人付出了劳动,投入了资金,如施工企业垫付的资金、机械设备使用费、人工费等。在施工过程中,上述财产只是从一种形态转化为另一种形态,其价值并未改变,并已全部转移到新的建筑工程之中。基于这一特殊性,合同被确认无效后,发包人取得的财产形式上是承包人建设的工程,实际上是承包人对工程建设投入的劳务及建筑材料(工程价款),故承包人理应得到合理补偿。但因无法适用返还财产的方式使合同恢复到签约前的状态,故只能按照折价补偿的方式对无效合同予以处理。折价补偿首先应确定建造的建筑产品是否有价值,没有价值就不补偿,只能按过错赔偿损失。工程是否经工验收合格是衡量建筑物是否有价值的标准。验收合格一般应以建设行政主管部门的质量评定机构作出的认定为准。对其认定,当事人可以提出异议,如果提出的异议理由充分,应当支持当事人重新评定的申请,并依据重新评定的结果,作为认定建设工程质量是否合格的参考。经验收合格的工程包括工程工后验收合格和正在建设中的工程经阶段性验收合格的工程。 1、合同无效但工程工验收合格的处理。根据建设工程司法解释》第二条的规定:“建设工程施工合同无效,但建设工程经工验收合格,承包人请求按照合同约定支付工程价款的,应予支持”。该司法解释并没有规定建设工程验收合格的,可以按照有效处理,而是确定建设工程施工合同无效,但验收合格的,对结算等条款可以比照有效处理,发包人应参照合同约定支付工程价款。在合同无效的情形下,参照合同约定支付工程款,这虽然与法理和现行法律有关无效合同的处理原则不尽一致,但这种处理方式符合签约当事人的真实意思,有利于保障工程质量,也有利于案件的审理,平衡当事人之间的利益关系,有助于取得良好的社会效果,也便于法院把握裁量标准,减少当事人诉累。因此,在有约定工程验收合格的情况下,合同无效不影响结算条款的效力,当事人不得以合同无效为由申请鉴定。 虽然参照合同约定支付价款是处理合同无效,工程经工验收合格时发包人支付价款的一项基本原则,但在合同未约定工程价款或按照合同约定无法计算工程款时,如未完的工程,或者工程大规模改变设计的情况下往往发生这种情况。发包人和承包人就工程价款达不成协议的,经当事人申请,可以根据承包人的资质参照合同有效的标准通过鉴定来确定工程款的数额。 2、合同无效且工程经验收不合格的处理。 建设工程司法解释第三条规定:“建设工程施工合同无效,且建设工程经工验收不合格的,按照以下情形分别处理: 修复后的建设工程经工验收合格,发包人请求承包人承担修复费用的,应予支持; 修复后的建设工程经工验收不合格,承包人请求支付工程价款的,不予支持“,这一规定是以修复后的建设工程经工验收是否合格作为分界点,明确了折价补偿原则在合同无效、建设工程经工验收不合格案件中的适用: (1)合同无效,验收不合格但可以修复的工程,工程价款可以合同约定的价款为基数,在此基础上,承包人应承担返修义务,发包人可以请求减少价款,但减少的价款应当以建设工程的修复费用为尺度,或者也可以要求承包人承担修复的费用,这种做法可以避免社会资源的浪费,平衡当事人之间的利益。 (2)对于经验收不合格,经过专业部门鉴定建设工程的质量缺陷无法通过修复予以弥补的,建设工程已经失去价值,只能掉重新建设,承包人要求支付工程款的,不予支持。这样可以严格制裁违法行为,保证工程质量,促进建筑市场健康有序发展。 至于建设工程是否有利用价值,能否予以修复,一般应由专业技术部门,如工程质量验收部门或者符合国家规定条件的质量评定部门作出认定。发包人在提出请求减少工程价款或者承包人承担修复费用的主张后,并不妨碍和影响发包人向承包人主张合同无效其受到损失的赔偿责任及约过失责任。如果发包人对工程质量缺陷具有过错,承包人可以就合同无效,请求发包人承担损失。但这一责任的承担应当在认定发包人过错程度的基础上做出判断。在法律有明确规定某方面的责任是承包人主要责任的情况下,发包人只能负次要责任。对于其承担责任的多少,应依据案件的具体情况及相关法律规定予以确定。 标签: • It's not what you eat. It's when and what you eat. • It's not how well you exercise. It's when and how well you exercise. Description of the Problem So-called "sleep disorders" such as jet lag and narcolepsy destroy the circadian rhythms. For normal people, the disturbance is temporary. If you take care, the body's natural clock eventually gets back on track. Unfortunately for narcoleptics, the disturbance can be chronic. Hypothalamus. Narcoleptics don't have the normal regulatory functions of the hypothalamus.1 This structure resides above the brain stem, at the base of the brain.2 The hypothalamus controls time-related body functions such as body temperature, thirst,
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la gastrite, perché le complicanze della gastrite non sono qualcosa che vorresti. Ecco perché è importante cercare un trattamento della gastrite che abbia effettivamente dimostrato di funzionare. Queste sono alcune opzioni diverse che potresti voler considerare per il sollievo dalla gastrite. Dieta anti-infiammatoriaÈ molto probabile che le complicazioni della gastrite siano dovute alla tua dieta. Ecco perché è importante scoprire che il cibo esatto che sta causando i tuoi problemi di gastrite. Questo dovrebbe offrirti una qualche forma di sollievo dalla gastrite. Questo ti aiuterà a evitare del tutto il cibo o ti aiuterà a ridurre l'assunzione. Mentre questo sicuramente aiuterà, ci vuole molto tempo per determinare cosa potrebbe causare i tuoi problemi e in alcuni casi potrebbe non essere del tutto possibile restringere ciò che sta causando il problema. Soprattutto in combinazione con un trattamento naturale per la gastrite, questa potrebbe essere una buona opzione. Farmaci che bloccano la produzione di acidoSe vuoi essere sicuro che il tuo corpo non stia producendo un eccesso di acido, puoi prendere questi diversi farmaci per offrire un certo sollievo in relazione ai sintomi della gastrite. Tuttavia, devi capire che non stai affrontando attivamente il problema, stai solo (temporaneamente) medicando i sintomi. U.S. Food and Drug Administration: I farmaci che bloccano la produzione di acido, se assunti in dosi elevate, sono stati trovati per aumentare il rischio di fratture della colonna vertebrale, del polso e dell'anca. Questa non è una soluzione a lungo termine per le persone che vogliono sapere come curare la gastrite, ma offrirà un sollievo temporaneo. I farmaci che bloccano la produzione di acido, se assunti in dosi elevate, sono stati trovati per aumentare il rischio di fratture della colonna vertebrale, del polso e dell'anca. Questa non è una soluzione a lungo termine per le persone che vogliono sapere come curare la gastrite, ma offrirà un sollievo temporaneo. Farmaci antibioticiPotrebbe essere possibile offrire un certo sollievo quando si tratta dei batteri che attualmente causano problemi allo stomaco. Questi farmaci antibiotici assicurano che i batteri non possano più crescere o moltiplicarsi o uccidere del tutto i batteri. Il primo problema è che questo non sarà necessariamente sufficiente per il sollievo dalla gastrite a lungo termine. Un altro problema è che ci sono molti effetti collaterali diversi per l'uso di antibiotici, soprattutto se avete intenzione di usarli a lungo termine. Questa è un'altra soluzione temporanea che dovrebbe offrire un certo sollievo, ma non è destinata ad essere una cura. Trattamento naturale per la gastriteIl vantaggio di un trattamento naturale per la gastrite è il fatto che stai attivamente prendendo di mira la causa sottostante della gastrite. Questo è il motivo per cui offre una cura per la gastrite. La cosa importante da ricordare quando si guarda a come curare la gastrite è il fatto che è necessario conoscere le cause della gastrite. Senza di esso, stai solo facendo la stessa cosa che stai facendo con antibiotici o farmaci che bloccano la produzione di acido - mascherando il problema di fondo. Un trattamento naturale per la gastrite dovrebbe funzionare per riequilibrare il rivestimento dello stomaco, che a sua volta offrirà sollievo dalla gastrite a lungo termine. Questo è anche il modo per prevenire la gastrite in futuro. Ci sono molti diversi trattamenti di gastrite naturale che stanno per lenire il sistema digestivo e contemporaneamente alleviare problemi temporanei. Questo ti darà la possibilità di stimolare il tuo sistema immunitario. Ciò significa che alla fine stai dando al tuo corpo la forza necessaria per riprendersi dai sintomi. Offrendo un trattamento naturale per la gastrite ti stai assicurando di affrontare le complicanze della gastrite se prendi ingredienti che offrono un forte effetto immunostimolante. È importante trovare una formula efficace che ti avvantaggerà e, come sempre, attenersi al trattamento se si desidera vedere risultati a lungo termine. Come curare la gastrite? Possiamo consigliare i migliori prodotti per il trattamento della gastrite: - Biogetica HoloramDigest — 97 punti - CatsClaw — 82 punti Biogetica HoloramDigest contiene Fiore di camomilla biologico certificato, erba da fiore biologica certificata, corteccia di olmo scivoloso artigianale selvatico e erba Kankerbossie importata. Garanzia di rimborso: Se non sei completamente soddisfatto - per qualsiasi motivo - restituisci loro il prodotto entro 1 anno per un rimborso completo meno le spese di spedizione. Perché #1? Biogetica HoloramDigest è un integratore alimentare progettato per curare la gastrite, supportato dall'American Dietetic Association. Ogni bottiglia è prodotta in stretta conformità con le Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) della Food and Drug Administration degli Stati Uniti. Il tuo ordine è protetto con una garanzia di soddisfazione per 1 anno una volta iniziato il trattamento della gastrite. Ordina Biogetica HoloramDigest #2 - CatsClaw, 82 punti su 100. CatsClaw è un'erba che si trova negli altopiani della foresta pluviale amazzonica in Perù. Può essere utile in vari disturbi dell'apparato digerente tra cui gonfiore e dolore (infiammazione) dell'intestino crasso (diverticolite), infiammazione dell'intestino inferiore (colite), infiammazione del rivestimento dello stomaco (gastrite), ulcere gastriche, emorroidi e sindrome dell'intestino permeabile. Ogni pillola CatsClaw contiene 500 mg di Artiglio di Gatto (Uncaria tomentosa, corteccia). Garanzia di rimborso: I resi saranno accettati solo entro 30 giorni dal ricevimento da parte del cliente. I prodotti non aperti restituiti in confezioni originali e sigillate riceveranno un credito del 100%. I prodotti aperti (o eventuali prodotti danneggiati o con sigilli danneggiati) riceveranno un credito del 50%, fino ad un massimo di 1 flacone aperto per prodotto sku. Perché non #1? CatsClaw non è formulato per trattare specificamente la gastrite, ma può essere usato per migliorare la salute generale dell'apparato digerente. La garanzia di rimborso è di soli 30 giorni. Solo i prodotti non aperti ricevono un rimborso completo. Ordina CatsClaw Come prevenire la gastriteSe soffri di gastrite e vuoi assicurarti di essere attivamente impegnato in un trattamento della gastrite, ci sono diverse cose che puoi fare. Puoi iniziare scoprendo quali alimenti scatenano la tua gastrite ed evitarli. Questo aiuterà il recupero del rivestimento dello stomaco. Se sei un fumatore attivo, è una buona idea smettere di fumare perché ti darà una possibilità molto migliore di affrontare attivamente i problemi nel rivestimento dello stomaco. In alternativa, le persone che si espongono allo stress sono impegnate in uno dei fattori di rischio della gastrite. Se consumi troppo alcol o sei in sovrappeso, non consumare così tanto alcol e / o perdere peso dovrebbe aiutarti a rimuovere alcune delle diverse cause di gastrite. Infine, se stai abusando di farmaci da banco, dovresti fermarti e vedere se fa la differenza. La cosa importante da ricordare è che il trattamento della gastrite è possibile con un trattamento naturale per la gastrite. Devi solo assicurarti di prendere attivamente provvedimenti per migliorare la tua salute generale! Ultimo aggiornamento: 2021-12-14 Botanical name: Beaucarnea Recurvata Plant type: Houseplant Ponytail Palms are a great, long-lived indoor plant. (Despite it's name and palm-like appearance, it's not a true "palm.") This plant has long green leathery stems that develop as the plant ages. Indoors, they can reach up to 3 feet high. The only thing that is difficult about this plant is adapting to its watering needs. - Use a fast draining soil, such as cactus potting soil. - Normal room temperature is good for most of the year, but keep it cooler in the winter (50 to 55° F). - Find a location with bright light. - Keep soil fairly dry. Water from spring through fall allowing soil to dry on the surface before re-watering. During the winter only water occasionally. - Fertilize in the spring and bring into brighter room for the summer months. - Re-potting every other year at the most is all the Ponytail Palm needs. - Overwatering can contribute to stem rot. If you withhold watering, the plant may be able to internally cure the problem. - Spider mites occur on the leaves, but can be fixed by rubbing a cloth of soap and water on the stems. Wit & Wisdom Another name for Ponytail Palm is Elephant Foot Palm. اگر به یاد داشته باشید سه ماه پیش بود که برای شما نوشتیم شاهین کراس به عنوان شاسی بلند سایپا رسما معرفی شد. در زمان رونمایی از این خودرو به دلیل مشخص نبودن نام رسمی و شباهت بی چون و چرا به سایپا شاهین، نام شاهین کراس در بین رسانه ها شایع شد. امروز اما به نظر می رسد نام این شاسی بلند سایپا مشخص شده است. سایپا آریا نام شاسی بلند این شرکت است که پیش از این به نام شاهین کراس شناخته می شد. گروه خودروسازی سایپا با هماهنگی نهاد ریاست جمهوری و فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی نام خودروی جدید خود که نخستین کراس اوور ایرانی از مگاپلتفرم ملی SP100 است را «آریا» نامگذاری کرد تا پس از «شاهین» دومین نام تجاری خانواده محصولات جدید SP100 باشد. بنابراین گزارش، گروه خودروسازی سایپا برای نامگذاری محصول جدید خود، تعدادی اسم را به فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی پیشنهاد کرد که این فرهنگستان، ۵ نام مورد تائید خود را مشخص و به سایپا اعلام کرد. با توجه به اینکه این خودرو نخستین کراس اورر ایرانی از یک مگاپلتفرم ملی است و چندی پیش با حضور رئیس دفتر ریاست جمهوری و رسانه های گروهی رونمایی شد، نامهای تایید شده برای دفتر ریاست محترم جمهوری نیز ارسال و از بین آنها، نام «آریا» برای کراس اوور جدید سایپا انتخاب شد. گفتنی است این خودرو مدرن و دارای طراحی زیبا و بهروز در سال ۱۴۰۰ وارد بازار ایران خواهد شود. ما چندی پیش درباره شاسی بلند آفرودی سایپا هم صحبت کردیم. آن محصول هنوز خیلی ناشناخته است و نام رسمی آن مشخص نیست. نظر شما چیست؟ نام آریا برای این شاسی بلند مناسب است؟ پیش از سایپا خودرویی با نام “آریو” هم داشت که یک سدان است. شاید بهتر بود برای عدم اشتباه بین این ۲ مدل نام دیگری برای شاسی بلند ایرانی سایپا استفاده می شد. به هر حال، بد نیست که منتظر بمانیم تا سال آینده به بازار برسد و ببینیم چطور عمل می کند. Bu konuda gerçekten ileri geri gittim, ancak birden fazla silahlı saldırı ışığında, bu konuda pek çok farklı görüş gördüğüm için bazı uzun vadeli komplo üyelerine ve daha akıllı insanlara ihtiyacım var. “Birincisi, silah kontrolü savunucuları, doğru bir şekilde, silahları sokaklardan indirmenin ve onları satın alabilecekleri sınırlandırmanın hayat kurtaracağını belirtiyorlar. O zaman silah kontrolünün muhalifleri, kararlı bir atıcıyı durdurabilecek hiçbir düzenleme olmadığını ve gerçekten ne yaptığımızı savunuyorlar. ihtiyaç ruh sağlığına hitap etmektir. “ Silah kontrolü savunucularının yanlış olduğu ve silah kontrolü karşıtlarının haklı olduğu yer burasıdır. Tüm önlemleri almış olsalar bile, birisi her zaman bir silah yapmanın, bir silah dükkanına ya da birinin evine girip bir silah çalmanın ya da bir şekilde, ellerini tutmanın bir yolunu bulmanın bir yolunu bulacaktır. Bir silah. Yalan gibi göründüğü bir sorun, akıl sağlığı ve silah kontrolü konusunda geri ve dördüncü. Zihinsel bir sorun mu yoksa silah sorunu mu? Oldukça açık fikirliyim ama silahı asla suçlayamazsınız çünkü bu her zaman kişinin hatasıdır. “Silahlı şiddeti akıl hastalarını suçlamak Amerika’nın kendine özgü silahlı şiddet sorununu çözmesini engelliyor ve teşhis konulanları damgalıyor, psikologlar ve psikiyatristler uyardı.” Ama bunun sayfa olduğunu bildiğimden, çoğu insanın kendilerine güvenmediğini biliyorum, bu yüzden burada gerçekten sorun nedir? Bunların çoğunun akıl hastası olduğu veya bu insanların akıl hastalığı olduğu varsayıldığı yönünde haberler çıkıyor, ancak WebMD’ye göre, “Brucato ve meslektaşları, dünya çapında meydana gelen her türden 1.315 toplu cinayeti analiz etti ve tüm toplu katillerin yalnızca% 11’inin ( atıcılar dahil) ve toplu atıcıların yalnızca% 8’inde ciddi akıl hastalığı vardı. “ Uzun zamandır bu ülkenin sadece sorunlarını gerçekten çözmeye çalışmadığını, aynı zamanda yetersiz fon sağladığını ve akıl sağlığını küçümsediğini biliyorum. Makalede tarihi görmedim, ancak akıl hastalığı ile yaşayan tüm insanların yalnızca yüzde 43’ünün durumları için tedavi gördüğünü belirtti – ancak ciddi akıl hastalıkları için sayılar yüzde 67’ye kadar çıkıyor. Açıkçası bizim de bir zihinsel sağlık sorunumuz var ama aslında hiçbir zaman doğru bir şekilde ele alınmamış gibi görünüyor. Son tedbirlerin uygulamaya konulmaya başlanması ve uygulamaya konulmaya başlanması nedeniyle silahlar ve silah hakları hakkında çok fazla konuşma gördüm ama gerçekten her iki tarafı da değerlendirirken insanların nerede durduğunu görmek istedim. Nasıl covid’in oynandığını gördükten sonra ve hatta daha önce, çoğu insanın yukarıda alıntı yaptığım makaleleri bir doktor veya akademisyen tarafından yayınlamasını umursamadığını biliyorum, bu yüzden sizler bu konuyu nerede görüyorsunuz? 中国时间: 14:30 2016年10月28日星期五 美国徒步旅行者舒尔德星期五在纽约与伊朗总统艾哈迈迪内贾德会面,请求他释放仍然被关在伊朗监狱中的她的未婚夫和朋友。舒尔德获释前在伊朗监狱中被扣押了400多天。 舒尔德对美国广播公司新闻节目说,她在监狱中的时候一直祈同这位伊朗领导人直接对话的机会。现年32岁的舒尔德自2009年7月在伊朗被扣押后,上个星期获释,但她的未婚夫尔和朋友法塔尔还被关押在监狱中。舒尔德没有透露其它同艾哈迈迪内贾德见面情况的细节。 星期五一早,舒尔德对美国广播公司说,她在被关押期间,大多数时候都是在自己的小房间内步,紧握双手,等待每天能被允许与另外两人相聚的短暂时刻。 伊朗当局去年在这三人从伊拉克境内从未标记的边境闯入伊朗领土后将他们拘留,指控他们从事间活动。伊朗当局上星期释放了舒尔德,但尔和法塔尔仍被扣押。 舒尔德说,她愿意重返伊朗参加庭审,如果通过这种方法能够证明他们三人无罪,而且证明他们的行为不会对伊朗造成任何危害。但她补充道,此时此刻,她不排除有“发生任何情况的可能性”。 Dev köpek balığı sörfçüye saldırdı Meksika'da yaşanan ilginç olay akıllara durgunluk verdi. Sörf şampiyonası için Meksika'da bulunan Mick Farming'e dev bir köpek balığının saldırısı saniye saniye görüntülendi. Mucize eseri saldırıdan yara almadan kurtulan Farming, "Ben de ona yumruk attım, bu yüzden vazgeçti" dedi. Deniz Yaylacı dünya ikincisi Kolombiya'nın Cali kentinde devam eden Dünya Yıldızlar Atletizm Şampiyonası'nda milli atlet Deniz Yaylacı, kadınlar çekiç atma finalinde 67.01 metrelik derecesiyle yıldızlarda dünya ikincisi olarak gümüş madalya kazandı. Deniz, böylece organizasyonda Türkiye'ye ilk madalyasını kazandırmış oldu. Antalya'dan Totti'ye 10 milyon Euro(!) Eto'o transferi sonrası dünya basınının gözünü çevirdiği Antalyaspor hakkında yeni bir iddia İtalya'dan geldi. Sky Sport Italia, Akdeniz temsilcisinin, Roma'nın 38 yaşındaki emektar ve efsane kaptanı Francesco Totti'ye teklif yaptığını duyurdu. Haberin en ilginç detayı ise Totti'ye önerilen ücretin 10 milyon Euro olması. Pistten 13'üncü vizeyi Halil Akkaş aldı Atletizmde 2016 Rio Olimpiyatları'na katılmaya hak kazanan milli sporcu sayımız 13'e yükseldi. Belçika'nın Heusden kentinde düzenlenen yarışlarda Halil Akkaş, 3 bin metre engellide 8.22.49'luk derecesiyle olimpiyat barajını geçmeyi başardı. کاردار اوکراین در کشورمان در پی انتشار موضع عجیب و مغرضانه مشاور دفتر ریاست جمهوری این کشور درباره اقدام تروریستی در اصفهان به وزارت امور خارجه ایران احضار شد. به گزارش خبرگزاری مهر، در پی انتشار موضع عجیب و مغرضانه از سوی مشاور دفتر ریاست جمهوری اوکراین در رابطه با اقدام تروریستی علیه تأسیساتی در اصفهان، کاردار سفارت این کشور توسط رئیس اداره سیاسی در حوزه اورآسیا به وزارت امور خارجه احضار شد. مسئول ایرانی ضمن تسلیم یادداشت رسمی به کاردار سفارت اوکراین، خواستار توضیح رسمی و فوری از سوی دولت اوکراین در این رابطه شد. کاردار اوکراین ضمن ابراز امیدواری از عدم تکرار چنین مواضعی، اظهار داشت: مراتب را فوراً به دولت متبوع خود منعکس و پاسخ دریافتی را به وزارت امورخارجه ارائه خواهد کرد. Today, urban transportation has attracted urban planners’ and researchers' attention because of air and noise pollution problems associated with it. In Shahrkord city in Iran, no plans have been made for sustainable transportation, and the available poor transportation infrastructure is not responsive to the growing population of the city. This issue has inflicted the city with serious problems, including environmental pollution, traffic jams, and car accidents. Therefore, it is necessary for urban managers and planners to conduct necessary planning and analysis for the development of urban transportation system through a strategic perspective. In this study, the strengths and weaknesses as well as the opportunities and threats of Shahrkord transportation system are identified using strength, weakness, opportunity, threat (SWOT) analysis. Status of the city's transportation system is determined through evaluation of internal and external factors. The results of SWOT analysis and the matrix of internal and external factors indicate that the internal and external evaluation factors are equal to 2.330 and 3.367, respectively, which means that Shahrekord transportation system holds a conservative situation. Considering the identified status, several strategies are proposed to improve the status quo. Finally, the proposed strategies are evaluated based on sustainable development indices, namely economic, environmental, and social indices, by using the fuzzy complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) method. The results show
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and, especially in the case of bitumen from oil sands, the higher greenhouse gas emissions required to extract the oil. This makes it all the more surprising that British Columbia objects to the transit of such oil across its territory. After all, the number one export from BC in terms of value is coal! In 2010, BC exported 25 million metric tons of coal from Roberts Bank, which is part of the Port of Metro Vancouver, but one-fifth came from U.S. sources. Coal exports in 2010 amounted to $5.1 billion, and are set to increase significantly as ten additional coal mines are to come into production in the province in the next several years. The reason for this increase in exports is increasing demand in Asia to use coal to generate electricity and produce steel. The provincial government has mandated against the use of coal for generating electricity in BC because of its high CO2 emissions, but sees nothing wrong with exporting coal for the same purpose elsewhere. The rents earned from coal are simply too good to pass up; after all, unless a jurisdiction is able to produce something of value to others, it cannot generate wealth required to fund hospitals, schools and the other services citizens demand of government. As noted, Alberta collects but a small portion of the resource rents available from oil. Suppose that is costs an average of $65/bbl to produce the oil, another $20/bbl to transport it to market, and that the price at market is $100/bbl. Given that Alberta collects $6.50/bbl in rents, this leaves about $8/bbl in uncollected rents; this amounts to some $1.6 billion annually for Northern Gateway proposal and about the same for the proposed Trans Mountain expansion. If 10,000 First Nations people are directly impacted by the proposed projects and each person is paid $25,000 annually, I am sure that opposition from that corner would disappear, at a cost of $250 million annually. The provincial government could collect some of the resource rents by charging a transit fee. Shipping firms and pipeline companies could be required to provide a deposit or guarantee to ensure payouts should an environmental situation arise. The point is simply this: rather than attempting to oppose pipelines and other means of shipping oil from Alberta, or Saskatchewan or even elsewhere in BC, there is room to negotiate collection of resource rents. The surprise is not that environmental groups oppose transit of oil, but that they are so late in the game in negotiating a settlement. Save the Children, un'organizzazione internazionale non governativa, ha lanciato un severo avvertimento sul futuro del Dieta mediterranea e stile di vita, citando la disuguaglianza socioeconomica e il Pandemia di covid-19 come fattori trainanti significativi del suo declino. "I paesi mediterranei sono passati dall'avere una delle diete più sane al mondo a una in cui dolci, fast food e bevande zuccherate hanno sostituito frutta, verdura, olio d'oliva e pesce ", secondo una pagina di 64 rapporto pubblicato il mese scorso. Gli autori del rapporto hanno calcolato che la Spagna ha ora uno dei più alti tassi di obesità infantile in Europa, superato solo da Cipro, con quasi il 20% dei suoi bambini di età compresa tra i sette e gli otto anni clinicamente obesi. Questo è notevolmente superiore alla media europea di circa il 12.5%.Vedi anche:Nuova Legge in Sicilia Tutela e Promuove la Dieta Mediterranea Come parte importante della sua ricerca, l'organizzazione ha condotto una nuova indagine utilizzando i criteri del National Health Survey of Spain (ENSE) 2017 per determinare la portata dell'impatto della pandemia di Covid-19 in quest'area. La loro analisi dei risultati ha indicato che prima della pandemia, i livelli di sovrappeso nei bambini spagnoli avevano iniziato lentamente a diminuire in linea con quelli di altri paesi mediterranei come Grecia e Portogallo. Tuttavia, la pandemia, con le conseguenti restrizioni alla circolazione in concomitanza con la chiusura di scuole e impianti sportivi, ha visto invertire quella tendenza positiva con un aumento dello 0.9 per cento del sovrappeso tra i minori di 18 anni entro settembre 2021. Gli autori hanno avvertito che questo aumento potrebbe anche essere una sottovalutazione, dato che le restrizioni pandemiche hanno visto anche una drastica riduzione del numero di visite pediatriche di routine durante le quali vengono registrate informazioni più dettagliate e accurate. Sebbene la pandemia abbia chiaramente influenzato l'attività, la dieta e le finanze della popolazione in generale, rappresenta solo una parte isolata del problema. Lo stile di vita e le abitudini alimentari delle regioni olivicole mediterranee hanno visto cambiamenti estremamente significativi nei decenni successivi alla seconda guerra mondiale, con l'introduzione dei fast food, il consumo di grandi quantità di carni rosse e altre abitudini dannose. Negli ultimi anni la tendenza ha subito un'accelerazione. Ad esempio, il consumo medio di pesce e frutti di mare in Spagna è diminuito di circa il 30% tra il 2000 e il 2019. La crescente popolarità delle bevande gassate ha anche alterato il profilo nutrizionale della popolazione. Secondo 2019 Studio ANIBES, il consumo energetico medio della popolazione spagnola è stato di 1,810 chilocalorie al giorno, di cui il 12% è stato fornito dalle bevande. Tuttavia, altri gruppi di popolazione provenienti da Francia e Italia hanno mostrato una percentuale inferiore di energia fornita dalle bevande (8% e 6% rispettivamente). Inoltre, un significativo spostamento tra gli adulti verso l'alto consumo di birra al posto del più tradizionale vino rosso ha avuto luogo.Vedi anche:Health News Lo ha affermato Catalina Perazzo, direttrice dell'advocacy sociale e politica di Save the Children "i bambini in Svezia sono [ora] i più vicini a seguire una dieta mediterranea in Europa”. Sebbene questo fenomeno sia diffuso, è particolarmente diffuso tra le famiglie a basso reddito. I dati ENSE 2017 hanno rivelato che i figli di lavoratori non qualificati avevano una probabilità tre volte maggiore di soffrire di obesità rispetto a quelli dei genitori in posizioni dirigenziali. Quest'ultimo rapporto ha fornito approfondimenti più significativi sulle cause profonde di questa disparità analizzando la qualità della dieta, l'attività fisica, il sonno e il tempo trascorso davanti allo schermo. I ricercatori hanno scoperto che lo stato socioeconomico è il fattore più significativo in tutte queste aree, in particolare quelle legate all'attività fisica. È stato riferito che oltre il 71% delle famiglie ad alto reddito pratica regolarmente attività fisica o sport rispetto al 41% delle famiglie a basso reddito. Al contrario, mentre è stato riferito che il 46% dei bambini nelle famiglie a basso reddito trascorre più di cinque ore al giorno davanti a uno schermo, i dati per le famiglie ad alto reddito mostrano che quasi l'80% dei bambini trascorre meno di un'ora al giorno in questo strada. Una relazione simile è stata trovata nelle abitudini alimentari, con il 18% dei bambini provenienti da famiglie a basso reddito che consumano dolciumi ogni giorno, il 5% consuma bevande gassate ogni giorno e il 2% consuma fast food ogni giorno. Le cifre corrispondenti delle famiglie ad alto reddito erano rispettivamente del 10 per cento, dello 0 per cento e dello 0 per cento. Gli autori hanno concluso che "nelle famiglie a reddito più basso si riducono le possibilità di accedere al cibo necessario per una dieta equilibrata [e] di pagare per attività ricreative extracurriculari o non sedentarie”. Di conseguenza, hanno affermato che è necessaria un'azione urgente del governo a livello nazionale e regionale per invertire queste tendenze e salvaguardare la salute e la prosperità dei bambini in tutto il paese. به گزارش بولتن نیوز، فدراسیون جهانی ژیمناستیک (FIG) سیستم اصلاح شده کسب سهمیه را برای بازیهای المپیک توکیو از جمله تمدید دوره مقدماتی تا 29 ژوئن (8 تیر1400) سال آینده منتشر کرده است. سیستم اصلاح شده برای رویدادهای ژیمناستیک هنری، ریتمیک و ترامپولین اعمال میشود. فدراسیون جهانی گفت نسخه جدید توسط کمیته بین المللی المپیک (IOC) به تصویب رسیده و برخی از معیارها با توجه به آخرین رقابتهای مقدماتی که قرار بود بین مارس و می سال جاری برگزار شود، تعدیل شده است. فدراسیون جهانی میگوید این تمدید، امکان برگزاری مسابقات جام جهانی و مسابقات قهرمانی قارهای را که در نیمه اول سال 2020 به دلیل شیوع ویروس انجام نشد، فراهم میکند. همچنین اصلاحاتی انجام شده است تا ژیمناستهای متولد سال 2005 بتوانند در مسابقات انتخابی واجد شرایط باشند. طبق قوانین فدراسیون جهانی، ژیمناستها باید حداقل 16 سال سن داشته باشند یا 16 سال را در طول سال تقویم رقابتها بدست آورند تا در مسابقات مهم از جمله المپیک شرکت کنند. فدراسیون جهانی ژیمناستیک اعلام کرد اکثریت زیادی از 324 سهمیه المپیک ژیمناستیک در سال 2019 اختصاص یافته و فقط تعداد محدودی از سهمیه ها در دسترس است که می توان مستقیم از طریق سری مسابقات جام جهانی یا مسابقات قاره ای کسب کرد. فدراسیون جهانی ژیمناستیک همکاری لازم را با اتحادیه های قاره ای و کشورهای میزبان برای برگزاری مسابقات جام جهانی دارد. ژیمناستیک اروپا دو تاریخ برای مسابقات کسب سهمیه المپیک اعلام کرد. مسابقات ژیمناستیک هنری به میزبانی باکو روزهای 9 تا 13 دسامبر (19 تا 23 آذر) در باکو برگزار می شود. مسابقات ریتمیک روزهای 26 تا 29 نوامبر (6 تا 9 آذر) در اوکراین پیگیری خواهد شد. انتهای پیام/ شما می توانید مطالب و تصاویر خود را به آدرس زیر ارسال فرمایید. [email protected] 凯尔特前锋米奇约翰斯顿昨天为尼尔列的球队两次得分。 凯尔特人前锋Mikey Johnston告诉“每日记录”,他近年来一直被阻止离开Parkhead。 约翰斯顿被认为是凯尔特人中最聪明的年轻天才之一,但他还没有在Bhoys的一线队中获得一致的比赛。 本赛季前景已经为凯尔特人队出场12次,一些支持者表示他最好还是可以通过贷款获得定期行动。 然而,约翰斯顿表示凯尔特人近年来已经阻止他暂时离开帕克海德。 他说:“人们已经多次谈到过贷款问题 – 俱乐部已经阻止我这样做了。” 约翰斯顿下赛季可能会为凯尔特人队发挥重要作用。 昨天苏格兰青年国际队为Bhoys队打进两球,他们击败了Heart 2-1。 凯尔特人选择了一个年轻的球队来对阵红心队,而约翰斯顿则真的在帕克海德的Bhoys球迷面前挺身而出。 凯尔特人本赛季只剩下一场比赛,当时他们在苏格兰杯决赛中夺冠 吉祥坊手机APP。 根据Voetbal International的说法,荷兰俱乐部MVV Maastricht的Xavier Mbuyamba正吸引着欧洲各方的兴趣。 凯尔特人队,利物浦队,波尔图队和拜仁慕尼黑队的目光都集中在这位17岁的球员身上,而其他两家荷兰俱乐部也在追随他。到目前为止,苏格兰超级联赛球队,红人队和其他俱乐部的兴趣并未具体。 切尔西也热衷于签下防守球员,因为布鲁斯队对这位年轻人非常感兴趣,所以他准备前往斯坦福桥。 这位少年没有签订专业合同,他的想法是继续MVV,他本赛季享受了第一支球队的足球。然而,Eerste Divisie方面需要很长时间才能提出要约,一旦他们提交了提案,中后卫就会在他没有立即签名后坐在替补席上。 很明显,如果Mbuyamba决定加入任何一家大俱乐部,他不太可能有机会参加第一支球队,这就是为什么他的经纪人卡洛斯巴罗斯认为他想找到一个有助于客户发展的俱乐部。 “职业足球的转变非常大。而且他已经十七岁了,如果他能在年轻人中发展最好,那就是最重要的事情,“巴罗斯告诉Voetbal International。 “他宁愿在第一个[球队]的某个地方打球,但是在荷兰他的年龄并没有那么多的中后卫得到机会。所以,这是一个他可以在青年时期最好地发展的选择。“ “就在这时,切尔西拥有最好的资历。我们现在必须等待,看看他对俱乐部的感受。我们还不确定我们将要做什么,他的发展对于这一选择至关重要。“ 如果他更喜欢一些一线队足球的现实机会,那么凯尔特人对于球员看起来会更好。 很大程度上取决于切尔西的转会禁令会发生什么,这可能会让凯尔特人队和利物浦队等其他人更加认真地转会。 他的经纪人解释说:“即使对我们来说,这还有待观察。切尔西的人们看看有什么可能。不排除Mbuyamba甚至可能不被转让禁令所涵盖,因为他仍然是业余爱好者。但那是在猜测。“ 吉祥坊手机 昨晚 18岁以下的球队在汉普顿击败凯尔特人3-2击败苏格兰青年杯后获胜。来自Ciaran Dickson,Dapo Mebude和Nathan Young-Coombes的进球为David McCallum赢得了胜利。 麦卡勒姆在全职响后称赞了他的球员,但警告说,如果他们想要进入Ibrox的第一支球队,他们仍然需要做很多工作。麦卡勒姆表示:“最终,每个级别从18岁升级到预备队,强度,质量和比赛速度都会发生变化。” “当你去第一支队伍时,情况会再次发生变化。” 与此同时,凯尔特人 18岁以下教练斯蒂芬麦克马纳斯坚持认为,尽管最终失利,他的球员的未来仍然光明。麦克马纳斯说:“这个国家充满了非常优秀的年轻球员。作为一个国家,我们一直非常批评我们在一切事物上的糟糕程度 – 我们是世界上最好的人之一。“ 在今年夏天的转会窗口之前,克里斯杰克已经看过目前的游骑兵队,看看谁可能留在俱乐部,谁能在赛季结束后继续前进。 警方正在调查针对Rangers队长James Tavernier的种族主义虐待行为,右后卫分享了他在Instagram上收到的种族攻击性消息,并在上面添加了一个肩膀肩表情符号。苏格兰警方发言人说:“我们已收到投诉,正在进行调查。” 凯尔特人经理尼尔列透露,当他听到比利麦克尼尔去世的消息后,他流下了眼泪。“当我周二早上听到这个消息时,我被一股真正的情感和怀旧情绪击中了,”列说。“这太棒了,因为我觉得它不会像我那样努力地击中我。我哭了。” 而且列认为退役比利麦克尼尔在他漫长而杰出的职业生涯中所穿的第5号将是凯尔特人纪念他的记忆的合适方式。列说:“为什么不呢?我只会有一个比利麦克尼尔。所以我认为这根本不是一个坏主意,并把它挂在那里,所以每个人都可以看到它。“ 在他的最新专栏中,Davie Hay承认与麦克尼尔并肩作战是他职业生涯中最伟大的荣誉之一。Hay写道:“作为凯尔特人的成长支持者,他是我崇拜的球员。你怎么没有?他是你想成为一名有抱负的球员的一切。“ 格雷姆麦加里认为,约翰格雷格和麦克尼尔之间的友谊 – 分别是流浪者和凯尔特人的传奇队长 – 是我们所有人的榜样。 阿伯丁的商业总监罗布威克斯认为,苏格兰足球正在接近这个体育与赌博公司关系的“分水岭时刻”。“实际情况是,剩下的时间越长,它就会和烟草一样,”威克斯说。“如果不进行自我监管并且该部门本身或足球本身没有实施限制,那么政府和更广泛的当局将会介入。” 而Aberdeen主席斯图尔特米尔恩希望俱乐部新的1200万英的训练场将帮助经理德里克麦金尼斯成为俱乐部。米尔恩说:“我知道德里克在过去几年一直非常不耐烦,我们都明白这一点。这里已经有许多培训设施的承诺,我们已经有了一些虚假的光。“ 前苏格兰21岁以下队经理雷纳·博霍夫透露,他对苏格兰足协任命肖恩·马洛尼和达伦·弗莱彻担任国家队联合主教练没有任何保留意见。“也许这些人在管理方面已经没有很大的经验,”Bonhof说。“但总的来说,我会说他们有经验,因为他们在各级足球比赛中都表现出色,并与一些非常优秀的经理人一起工作,他们可以从中获得经验。” 苏格兰女子经纪人雪莱·科尔透露,她并不担心尼古拉·斯特金在即将到来的英格兰世界杯比赛中出现的恶魔。“我知道她在参加比赛时没有很好的记录,但绝对没有恐,”克尔说。“她是我们在女子比赛中所做的大力倡导者。” 在其他地方,苏格兰太阳报报道,前流浪者队经理迪克·艾德沃卡特有兴趣接任苏格兰队主教练。 希伯尼安后卫马文巴特利告诉每日纪录,他相信球员有权在球场上走出场外,如果他们在看台上遭到种族歧视的虐待。 而Bartley的队友Darren McGregor向苏格兰人透露,他最终在加入Rangers之前签下了Hearts。 吉祥链接: 吉祥体育 www.wbbluenews.com 据报道,MANCHESTER UNITED已经放弃了对水晶宫右后卫Aaron Wan-Bissaka的兴趣,以便与巴黎圣日耳曼明星Thomas Meunier达成协议。 在对阵罗伊霍奇森队的突破性英超联赛赛季给人留下深刻印象之后,Wan-Bissaka一直是曼联的目标。 然而,太阳报声称老板Ole Gunnar Solskjaer对年轻的右后卫Diogo Dalot印象深刻,他希望他能和像Meunier这样经验丰富的球员一起工作。 据报道,索尔斯克亚不希望两个年轻人争夺同样的位置,但希望20岁的
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to locate courses offered in their area. Teachers and tutors can also use these sites to access free pedagogical materials and other resources. 3. Software Programs For those who want language-learning software without the hefty price tag of Rosetta Stone, the Byki Express desktop software program is an excellent choice. Available for free at www.byki.com, Byki offers instruction in an impressive 74 languages ranging from Spanish to Zulu. The Byki approach utilizes online applications, vocabulary lists, articles, and games to help learners collect words and phrases in their memory “like items in a basket.” Users can slow down the pace of the native speaker’s voice to aid in pronunciation and comprehension and view charts and graphs that track their progress. Best of all, users can access shared word lists posted by members of Byki’s online community that allow them to expand their knowledge in the areas of their choice. For example, shared lists for Chinese include such topics as The Web and the Internet, Sales Calls, The Business Dinner, The Trade Show, and Import and Export. Once learners have mastered the material on Byki Express, they can download the Byki Deluxe program for a small fee. There is also a free Byki mobile app that allows users to post their progress on facebook and connect with other users. 4. Online Courses Learners who want to take an online course but don’t want to enroll in an online university to do so should visit www.livemocha.com. Livemocha offers beginning to advanced courses that were developed in partnership with educational publishing powerhouses Pearson and Collins. But Livemocha is much more than an online course — it is an online community. Currently, the Livemocha community consists of an astonishing 9,943,676 learners representing 195 countries and 38 languages, including Cantonese, Kazakh, Icelandic, Yiddish, and Sanskrit. A mix of traditional course content and social networking, the Livemocha method involves both independent study and user-assisted assessment. There are flashcards, games, quizzes, and a phrase arcade, which presents vocabulary in the target language with corresponding images and translations, to help learners acquire the basics of the language on their own. Once they are ready, users can complete spoken and written exercises and submit them to native speakers for review. In return, learners volunteer to help others learn their native language by providing feedback on assignments. Most importantly, there is a “people” tab that allows learners to view culturally themed photos submitted by other learners, make friends, find e-mail contacts, and chat with native speakers who share their specific interests or profession to broaden their understanding of the language and culture. For a monthly or annual fee, users can purchase one of the Livemocha “Active” language programs, which entitle them to more in-depth learning resources as well as reviews of their work by professional tutors. 5. International TV Programs International television programming, which is available for free on the Internet, is one of the most often-overlooked resources for foreign-language learning. Foreign TV stations created specifically for international audiences are particularly good resources for language learners. One such station is Italy’s RAI Internazionale at http://international.rai.it. In addition to viewing programs such as Imparare l’italiano in musica (Learn Italian Through Music) and Imparare l’italiano cantando (Learn Italian by Singing), users can watch two TV series created by RAI Internazionale for beginning and intermediate students, respectively: I Montalcino, una famiglia italiana (The Montalcinos, An Italian Family) and Casa Italia (Italy House). These programs model appropriate verbal and non-verbal language (facial expressions, gestures, and the like) and provide viewers with vocabulary and grammar recaps as well as brief quizzes at the end of each episode. Other useful programs for intermediate and advanced learners include TG1, Italy’s main television news program, and Gran Sportello Italia (Great Doorway to Italy), which feature the latest information on topics such as business, politics, religion, family, and food for Italians and Italophiles living abroad. Learners who use technology-based methods to study a foreign language must bear in mind that these methods, like traditional ones, provide only part of the language-learning experience. Language involves four main skills: speaking, listening, reading and writing. Speaking is the most of important of these skills, and yet it is the most difficult to practice in any language-learning environment except, of course, in an immersion situation. If the goal is to become proficient in a language, then it will be necessary to find a native speaker with whom to practice conversation regardless of the method used. If, on the other hand, the objective is to learn basic words and phrases for travel purposes or for use in a hobby, then one or a combination of the technology-based tools will serve as excellent resources. Finally, students of foreign language must not discount the value of traditional language study methods. The grammar and vocabulary exercises provided in textbooks as well as the listening practice offered by audio materials are tried and true ways to learn language and reinforce knowledge. Students who are already utilizing these materials in a classroom-learning environment may therefore opt to use technology-based tools to enhance their language learning. Additionally, those who don’t have the luxury of returning to the classroom or who have difficulty learning through traditional methods will find that the apps, Internet sites, software programs, online courses and international TV programs featured in this article are entertaining, not to mention cost-effective, ways to learn a foreign language. Traci Andrighetti holds a PhD in Applied Linguistics from the University of Texas at Austin, where she served as lecturer of Italian. She is a prize-winning literary translator, a writer, an editor and the creator of www.italicissima.com, a blog about the varieties and forms of Italian employed in contemporary literature. Most of us use online services such as banking, travel and social media everyday with little thought as to how we can access or use them. However, this isn’t the case for many users, including employees. The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 legislation, which previously provided protection against direct discrimination, has been updated to the Equality Act 2010 (except Northern Ireland). The Equality Act became legal on 6 April 2011, and changes the law to brings disability, sex, race, and other types of discrimination under one piece of legislation. One major change is that the Equality Act 2010 now includes perceived disability and in-direct discrimination, making it easier for claimants to bring successful legal proceeding against businesses and public bodies. What it means The Equality Act essentially means that all public bodies or businesses providing goods, facilities or services to members of the public, including employees (For example: retail, HR, and councils) must make fair and reasonable adjustments to ensure services are accessible and do not indirectly discriminate. Being fair and reasonable means taking positive steps to ensure that disabled people can access online services. This goes beyond simply avoiding discrimination. It requires service providers to anticipate the needs of disabled customers. Benefits of compliance UK retailers are missing out on an estimated £11.75 billion a year in potential online sales because their websites fail to consider the needs of people with disabilities (Click-Away Pound Survey 2016). In addition, 71% (4.3 million) of disabled online users will simply abandon websites they find difficult to use. Though representing a collective purchasing power of around 10% of the total UK online spend, most businesses are completely unaware they’re losing income, as only 7% of disabled customers experiencing problems contact the business. How to comply with the Equality Act The best way to satisfy the legal requirement is to have your website tested by disabled users. This should ideally be undertaken by a group of users with different disabilities, such as motor and cognitive disabilities, and forms of visual impairment. Evidence of successful tests by disabled users could be invaluable in the event of any legal challenge over your website’s accessibility. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), is the international organisation concerned with providing standards for the web, and publishes the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (WCAG 2.0), which are a good indicator of what standard the courts would reasonably expect service providers to follow to ensure that their websites are accessible. WCAG provides three ‘conformance levels’. These are known as Levels A, AA and AAA. Each level has a series of checkpoints for accessibility – known as Priority 1, 2 and 3 checkpoints. Public bodies such as the government adhere to Priority 2 – Level AA accessibility as standard. According to these standards, websites must satisfy Priority 1 – Level A, satisfying this checkpoint is a basic requirement and very easy to implement. Priority 2 – Level AA, satisfying this checkpoint will remove significant barriers for customers. Finally, Priority 3 – Level AAA, is the highest level of accessibility and will ensure most disabled customers can access services, and requires specific measures to be implemented. Read the Equality act 2010 quick start guides to find out more about how this affects you. Birth of Iron & Steel making in England Not many people know that in the 15th Century, actually on the 13th December 1496, King Henry VII commissioned Henry Fyner, a Southwark (London) goldsmith, to engage founders and labourers to construct an ironworks on Crown lands at Newbridge, Sussex. The site chosen is just south of Forest Row and the country pub called Hatch Inn at Colemans Hatch, on the road called Kidds Hill. The location is at these coordinates which can be copied and pasted into Google Maps to show the exact spot. With a satellite view you will only see trees ! 51° 4'22.40"N 0° 4'34.44"E So why was this Ironworks established here ? Firstly it was to produce iron to manufacture items needed for the King's Artillery such as metal rings to strengthen the stock of the ordnance and wheels. These were needed to supply the King's artillery during the Scottish campaign. Secondly, there was water to power the forge bellows and wood for the furnace plus the iron ore was found in these parts. Even the Romans knew of the iron ore deposits and would have been active in exploiting the iron making to fuel their Empire. But at this location at the end of the 15th Century a true iron forge with water-powered hammer was made to make the wrought iron into usable bars of metal. ....truly the beginning of the Iron and Steel industry in UK. Not much can be seen of the site but with a helpful plaque erected by the WEALDEN IRON RESEARCH GROUP and some imagination needed to envisage the position of the furnace and pond to supply the water. Much more history and detailed information is contained on the excellent Wealden iron Research group web site : Presa per quella che è la diversità delle culture non pone problemi infatti nulla vieta la coesistenza di culture che possono dialogare o ignorarsi, ma finchè le culture si considerano semplicemente diverse la situazione è tranquilla, però se una diversità si sente superiore i rapporti cambiano, questa superiorità dipende molto dai rapporti di forze. I popoli conquistati dall’Occidente gli hanno riconosciuto superiorità, ma questa superiorità qualora esistesse sarebbe comunque relativa e non definitiva, infatti la storia delle civiltà ci mostra come nel corso dei secoli la situazione sia cambiata a favore di una civiltà o di un’altra. La credenza nell’evoluzione unilineare delle forme viventi è comparsa nella filosofia sociale prima che nella biologia; questa tratta i vari stati delle società umane come se illustrassero le fasi successive di uno sviluppo unico nel senso di una maggiore differenziazione e complessità. La ricchezza di una cultura o del procedere di una delle sue fasi non esiste come proprietà intrinseca ma è funzione della situazione in cui si trova l’osservatore nei suoi confronti, del numero e della varietà degli interessi che egli vi investe. Un numero recente della rivista “Science” ha portato alla conoscenza di un pubblico più vasto il risultato delle ricerche condotte dal professor Neel e dai suoi collaboratori su diverse popolazioni nell’America tropicale. Abbiamo la tendenza a considerare le “razze” più lontane dalla nostra come omogenee, ma la situazione reale è più complessa infatti differenze notevoli sono state individuate in certe frequenze genetiche presso parecchie tribù sudamericane che vivono nella stessa area geografica. I nuovi villaggi si formano attraverso un doppio processo di fissione e di fusione; dapprima una discendenza famigliare si separa dal suo lignaggio genealogico e si stabilisce a parte, poi più tardi blocchi di individui imparentati fra loro la raggiungono; qui i patrimoni genetici sono molto più diversi che se fossero l’effetto di raggruppamenti costituitisi a caso. Ne risulta una conseguenza: se i villaggi di una stessa tribù consistono di formazioni genetiche differenziate già in partenza, esse ricostituiscono un insieme di condizioni favorevoli a un’evoluzione più rapida, mentre le enormi società contemporanee in cui gli scambi genetici avvengono in altro modo, tendono a frenare l’evoluzione o ad orientarla diversamente. I popoli detti primitivi sembrano dotati di una notevole immunità verso le proprie malattie endemiche. Il fenomeno viene attribuito alla strettissima intimità del neonato con il corpo della madre e con l’ambiente; anche riti e credenze permettono di conservare il gruppo umano in equilibrio con l’ambiente. Con l’ingresso della genetica delle popolazioni sulla scena antropologica si è verificato un rivolgimento: il ritmo e l’orientamento dell’evoluzione biologica dell’uomo sono determinati in amplissima misura dalle forme di cultura adottate nei vari luoghi. E dai costumi adottati in passato o tuttora prevalenti; la razza dunque è una tra le funzioni della cultura. E’ al cultura di un gruppo che determina i limiti geografici che esso si assegna o subisce, i rapporti di amicizia o di ostilità che mantiene coi popoli vicini, l’importanza relativa degli scambi genetici che grazie ai matrimoni misti permessi o meno in base alla cultura di una determinata società, potranno stringersi. Inoltre le regole igieniche, l’efficacia delle cure, permettono o impediscono la sopravvivenza di determinati individui; questi fattori come anche l’età dei coniugi dipendono da regole sociali. Questa inversione del problema dei rapporti tra razza e cultura ha trovato conferma particolarmente nel caso dell’anemia drepanocitica o falciforme, ossia un’anomalia congenita dei globuli rossi che quando viene ereditata dai due genitori è fatale, ma se ereditata da un solo genitore sviluppa un’immunità alla malaria; Livingstone fece uno studio comparato sul tasso di malaria, sul gene dell’anemia e sulla distribuzione di lingue e culture in Africa occidentale e dimostrò che l’apparizione della malaria e la diffusione dell’anemia dipendevano dall’introduzione dell’agricoltura in quanto i dissodamenti provocavano la formazione di terre paludose favorevoli alla riproduzione di zanzare contaminatrici. Quindi l’irregolarità genetica può illuminarci sul nostro passato. A livello della microevoluzione genetica, la collaborazione tra lo studio delle razze e quello delle culture ridiventa possibile. In effetti queste nuove prospettive permettono di collocare i due studi nei loro rispettivi rapporti che sono analoghi in primo luogo perché sotto molti aspetti le culture sono comparabili alle razze; si può dire che la ricombinazione genetica nella storia delle popolazioni esercita una funzione comparabile a quella svolta dalla ricombinazione culturale nell’evoluzione dei modi di vivere, delle tecniche, delle conoscenze e delle credenze la cui varia ripartizione definisce una società. E’ chiaro che questa analogie vanno proposte sotto riserva perché i patrimoni culturali evolvono più rapidamente di quelli genetici e poi il numero delle culture che esistono sorpassa quello delle razze. Ciò che l’eredità determina nell’uomo è l’attitudine generale ad acquistare una cultura qualsiasi, ma quale questa sarà dipende dai fattori casuali legati alla sua nascita e alla società da cui riceverà la sua educazione. Tra evoluzione organica e culturale i rapporti non sono solo di analogia, ma anche di complementarietà. Le culture non esigono da tutti i loro membri le stesse attitudini e se alcune di questa hanno una base genetica, gli individui che la possiedono al grado più alto si troveranno favoriti. Alle origini dell’umanità, l’evoluzione biologica ha selezionato tratti preculturali quali la stazione eretta, l’abilità manuale, la tendenza alla vita associata, il pensiero simbolico; ogni cultura consolida diversamente questi caratteri e li propaga. 历史 我们的历史 东俄勒师范学校于1929年在当时被称为法院山的地方开设. 第二年,这所两年制师范学院迎来了第一批毕业生,共有88名毕业生. 从开始在英洛大厅,校园成长旁边包括宿舍和阿克曼小学. 培训教师在教室里工作,就像一个活生生的实验室,练习他们作为年轻学生的领导者和导师的技能. 近一个世纪后,EOU仍然致力于其教育教师的遗产. 学校传统在20世纪40年代和50年代兴起. 近40年来, 学生们每年春天都会在大楼梯上庆祝晚, 被列入国家历史记录的. 一年一度的歌盛会以知识女王为中心, 是谁点燃了每个毕业生手中的,让他们把“学习之光”带给世界. 还有一些传统延续至今. Ars当时 一开始是文学和诗歌的庆祝活动,现在每年都有作家来到校园. “袜子和巴斯金”剧团在欧洲大学有自己的家, 现代的表演也追随了这些早期演员的脚步(尽管他们不再在英洛大厅表演). 学术项目 也在不断增长,扩展到秘书科学、商业和哲学. 从那时起,欧洲大学就接受了它作为一所区域性大学的角色, 在线提供重要的专业和文科教育, 现场和校园在拉格兰德. 在长时间的中断后,EOU于2017年更新了其摔角队, 登山队拥有13支代表队,身穿蓝色和金色相间的队服. Monty Mountaineer确立了他作为吉祥物的角色, 已经成为学校和社区傲的象征. 校园里的建筑和会议室代表着受人尊敬的教师(Loso, 贝格利), 俄勒州农村教育的倡导者(霍克), 大学领导(Inlow, 多尔蒂, Lund). 自1966年成立以来 EOU基金会 为支持大学
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باید از غلظت دهنده های طبیعی مثل، به دانه استفاده شود به این صورت که لعاب به دانه را با جوشاندن آن به دست می آورند. پس از آن با نسبت معین یک به ۱۰ آن را با پودر لعاب ترکیب می کنند. چهارمین گام در روش ساخت مینا لعاب کاری گام چهارم است که با دو روش می توان آن را انجام داد: روش اسپری و روش دستی. روش اسپری و دستی در لعاب کاری در این روش، داخل اتاق کوچکی که به آن اتاق اسپری می گویند، با استفاده از پیستوله، لعاب را روی زیر ساخت می پاشند. در روش دستی که غرقاب نیز نام دارد، بر روی قطعه، لعاب می ریزند تا به طور کامل سطح آن پوشیده شود. در گام پنجم روش ساخت مینا، به پخت لعاب در کوره می پردازند که در ابتدا لعاب باید به طور کامل خشک شده و هیچ گونه گرد و غباری بر سطح آن وجود نداشته باشد. هم چنین، حرارت کوره، ۹۰۰ درجه سانتی گراد است و در مدت زمان ۲ الی ۳ دقیقه ای انجام می شود. به علاوه، تشخیص پخت کامل لعاب به عهده استادکار می باشد. پس از این که قطعه در کوره به طور کامل پخت، آن را خارج می کنند تا آرام آرام سرد شود و لعاب سفید رنگ شود. کوره رنگ میناکاری ویژگی گام ششم روش ساخت مینا در گام ششم، رنگ را آماده می کنند تا بر روی مینا نقاشی کنند. سپس در گام بعدی، طرح را روی لعاب منتقل می کنند، به این صورت که طرح مدنظر مانند اسلیمی و ختایی، گل و مرغ و شکارگاه و صورت سازی را انتخاب و روی کاغذ می آورند. پس از آن، به سوزن کاری یا سمباده کاری کاغذ می پردازند. سپس، طرح مدنظر را با خاکستر یا دوده روی قطعه اجرا می کنند. مرحله پایانی هشتمین گام در روش ساخت مینا، نقاشی می باشد که در ابتدا به قلم گیری خطوط اصلی طرح می پردازند و پس قسمت های دیگر را رنگ می کنند. گام آخر نیز پخت نقاشی می باشد که پس از پایان نقاشی، دوباره آن را در کوره با درجه حرارت ۶۰۰ تا ۷۰۰ درجه سانتی گراد قرار می دهند. در پایان نیز که پخت نقاشی مینا انجام شد، با لعاب شفاف در ضخامت کم، آن را می پوشانند و دوباره می پزند. محصولات مرتبط: مقالات مرتبط: Risposta dell'esperto Aneto: aromatica annuale che necessita di un clima fresco! I semi si spargono a spaglio tra metà marzo e metà aprile (in climi freschi anche fino a metà maggio); si mantiene il terriccio normalmente umido (attenzione in estate con il caldo torrido); si raccolgono le foglie (da usare fresche) all'occorrenza e le infruttescenze a fine ciclo (luglio-settembre) per i semi. Se coltivato in vaso, questo deve avere diametro min 20 cm per una pianta. Lampone: le talee di ramo e i polloni radicano facilmente se prelevati entro giugno. Resiste in vaso solo se molto grande (diametro min 32 cm per una pianta). Desidera un clima fresco. La fruttificazione avviene a partire dal secondo anno, ma solo sui rami dell'anno in corso: nel caso in esame, nel 2014 su rami prodotti nel 2014. I rami dell'anno precedente vanno eliminati in autunno perché non fruttificano più. Ribes: valgono le stesse indicazioni del lampone, con la differenza che si utilizzano solo talee prelevate in marzo-aprile o in settembre-ottobre. La fruttificazione avviene su tutti i rami indipendentemente dall'età, ma quelli molto vecchi vanno progressivamente eliminati. La base della strategia russa aviazione costituiscono ancora i bombardieri Tu-95, sviluppati negli anni '50 del secolo scorso. Dobbiamo usare il potenziale di questi "guerrieri esperti", perché sostituirli con aerei più moderni è molto difficile. È così che Tang Jun discute nel suo articolo pubblicato dalla pubblicazione cinese The Paper. Sebbene la Russia stia attivamente sviluppando il suo nuovo bombardiere strategico PAK DA, le difficoltà finanziarie non permetteranno di farlo rapidamente. Secondo l'autore cinese, dopo l'annessione della Crimea e l'imposizione di sanzioni da parte dell'Occidente contro la Federazione Russa, il suo sviluppo economico ha rallentato in modo significativo. E poiché delle tre componenti della triade nucleare - terra, mare e mezzi basati sull'aria - queste ultime rivestono la minima importanza, il denaro per la loro modernizzazione è assegnato secondo il principio residuo. Pertanto, è necessario spremere dai "veterani" tutto ciò di cui sono capaci. Quando fu creata l'aviazione strategica sovietica, i principali mezzi per consegnare armi nucleari erano i bombardieri, che potevano volare verso l'obiettivo e far cadere una bomba atomica. Ora questo non è necessario, perché sono comparsi missili balistici. Tang Jun, ricordando il lungo storia lo sviluppo del caccia russo Su-57, è dubbio che il bombardiere PAK DA entrerà mai nelle truppe. Molto probabilmente, il Tu-95 sarà sostituito dal migliorato Tu-160M2. Il Ministero della Difesa russo prevede di avviare la produzione in serie di questi velivoli e di produrre 3-4 unità ogni anno. In totale, si prevede di creare 50 Tu-160M2. Questo importo sarà più che sufficiente per sostituire il veterano dell'aviazione strategica russa, il bombardiere Tu-95. 1. RNA-binding Proteins A little over 1000 RNA-binding proteins exist in mammals, and they are known to bind to specific sequences and secondary structures (consensus sequence or structure) of RNA and carry out post-transcriptional control of transcribed RNA (alternative splicing, poly-A addition, mRNA stabilization and metabolism, transport, and translation control) to control diverse gene expressions. This mechanism is considered to be important in the nervous system and muscle tissues of higher animals with structure and functions that are highly complicated and specialized, but the complete picture as to how the mechanism actually works in various tissues and cells, and what it controls comprehensively is still not clear. We are closing in on this mystery with the following strategy. 2. RNAExpression Profiling of RNA-binding Proteins There is very little information at present on the type of tissues and cells and the development stage timing of occurrence at which each RNA-binding protein is expressed. We are using the process of neurogenesis as a model to investigate the expression profile of all RNA-binding proteins, and by preparing and analyzing genetically modified mice with unknown RNA binding proteins, we are trying to elucidate which developmental processes in neurogenesis are controlled by RNA-binding proteins. 3. RNAAnalysis of RNA Control Mechanism Each One RNA-binding protein simultaneously binds to multiple RNAs with the same recognition sequence (multiple targets) and multiple RNA-binding proteins further bind to one RNA and the multiple RNA-binding proteins themselves interact with each other on the RNAto and interact with each RNA-binding protein, and their function varies depending on the binding site and interacting molecules (context-dependent multiple functions) making it difficult to elucidate the function of the molecular groups. We are trying to get to the heart of the functions of RNA-binding proteins by combining HITS-CLIP (Immunoprecipitation and comprehensive sequence of RNA binding proteins-RNA complexes) that uses a next-generation sequencer, analysis of expression and control of RNA using RNA-Seq, and an original splicing reporter system developed by us. 4. RNAControl Abnormalities, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Psychiatric Disorders In the large-scale genome analysis of neurodegenerative diseases, hereditary muscle diseases, and psychiatric disorders carried out in recent years, mutations in many RNA-binding proteins are reported to be the candidate for causative genes of these diseases. By preparing genetically modified mice with these causative genes and observing their symptoms with behavioral analysis, and analyzing RNA control using the tissue samples, we are trying to elucidate the molecular pathology of neuromuscular diseases and psychiatric disorders that still have many mysteries to be solved. Concilio di Trento |Concilio di Trento| |Concili ecumenici delle Chiese cristiane| |Data||1545-1563, con interruzioni| |Accettato da||cattolici (XIX)| |Concilio precedente||Concilio Lateranense V| |Concilio successivo||Concilio Vaticano I| |Convocato da||Papa Paolo III| |Presieduto da||Ercole Gonzaga, Papa Giulio III, Papa Pio IV| |Partecipanti||fino a 255 nelle ultime sessioni| |Argomenti||Protestantesimo, Riforma cattolica, Sacramenti, Canone della Bibbia, Giustificazione| |Documenti e pronunciamenti||Sedici decreti dogmatici, su vari aspetti della religione cattolica| Il Concilio di Trento o Concilio Tridentino fu il XIX concilio ecumenico, ovvero una riunione di tutti i vescovi cattolici del mondo, per discutere di argomenti riguardanti la vita della Chiesa cattolica. Il concilio di Trento, che in teoria avrebbe dovuto "conciliare" cattolici e protestanti, durò ben 19 anni, dal 1545 al 1563, sotto il pontificato di tre papi. Questa solenne adunanza si risolse in una serie di rigide affermazioni tese a sconfessare tutto ciò che Lutero sosteneva. Con questo concilio venne definita la riforma della Chiesa cattolica (Controriforma) e la reazione alle dottrine del calvinismo e del luteranesimo (Riforma protestante). Fu un concilio importante per la storia della Chiesa cattolica, tanto che l'aggettivo "tridentino" viene usato ancora oggi per definire alcuni aspetti caratteristici della Chiesa cattolica ereditati da questo concilio e mantenuti per i successivi tre secoli, fino ai concili Vaticano I e Vaticano II. Indice - 1 Storia - 2 L'opera del Concilio - 3 Conseguenze e risultati del Concilio - 4 Giudizi critici sul Concilio - 5 Le fonti storiche sul Concilio di Trento - 6 Note - 7 Bibliografia - 8 Voci correlate - 9 Altri progetti - 10 Collegamenti esterni Storia[modifica | modifica wikitesto] La necessità di un Concilio[modifica | modifica wikitesto] Il primo ad appellarsi ad un concilio che dirimesse il suo contrasto con il Papa fu Martin Lutero, già nel 1517[senza fonte]: la sua richiesta incontrò subito il sostegno di numerosi tedeschi, soprattutto di Carlo V, che in esso vedeva un formidabile strumento non solo per la riforma della Chiesa, ma anche per accrescere il potere imperiale. Tra i primi fautori bisogna ricordare anche il vescovo di Trento Bernardo Clesio ed il cardinale agostiniano Egidio da Viterbo. A tale idea si oppose invece fermamente papa Clemente VII che, oltre a perseguire una politica filo-francese e ostile a Carlo V, da un lato vi vedeva i rischi di una ripresa delle dottrine conciliariste, dall'altro temeva di poter essere deposto (in quanto figlio illegittimo). L'idea di un Concilio riprese quota sotto il pontificato del successore di Clemente VII, papa Paolo III (1534 - 1549). Egli in primo luogo allargò il collegio cardinalizio, con l'inserimento di figure che, in modo diverso, erano favorevoli ad una riforma cattolica (come Reginald Pole, Giovanni Gerolamo Morone o i più moderati Gasparo Contarini e Giovanni Pietro Carafa); nel 1536 convocò quindi prima a Mantova e poi a Vicenza un'assemblea di tutti i vescovi, abati e di numerosi principi dell'Impero, ma senza ottenere alcun effetto (a causa del conflitto tra Francesco I e Carlo V). Vi erano inoltre differenze di vedute riguardo alle motivazioni e agli scopi del concilio: se Carlo V auspicava la ricomposizione dello scisma protestante, per il papato l'obiettivo era un chiarimento in materia di dogmi e di dottrina, mentre per i riformati era l'attacco dell'autorità del papa stesso. Il fallimento dei colloqui di Ratisbona (1541) segnò un ulteriore passo per la rottura con i protestanti e la convocazione di un concilio fu giudicata improrogabile, per cui con la bolla Initio nostri del 22 maggio 1542, Paolo III indisse il concilio per il 1o ottobre dello stesso anno (Kalendas octobris) a Trento, sede poi confermata nella bolla Etsi cunctis del 6 luglio 1543, con cui si prorogava l'inizio del Concilio a dopo la cessazione delle ostilità ancora in atto. Trento era stata scelta poiché, pur essendo una città italiana, era entro i confini dell'Impero ed era retta da un principe-vescovo; fu con la pace di Crepy che Paolo III poté finalmente emanare la bolla di convocazione, la Laetare Jerusalem (novembre 1544) e il Concilio si aprì solennemente a Trento il 13 dicembre 1545, III domenica di Avvento, nella cattedrale di San Vigilio, a fare gli onori di casa il principe-vescovo Cristoforo Madruzzo. La prima fase del Concilio[modifica | modifica wikitesto] Il primo periodo del concilio si svolse in 8 sessioni solenni a Trento (dal 1542 al 1547) e in altre due a Bologna (dal 1547 al 1549), dove si decise di trasferire il concilio per il timore della peste e per sottrarsi alle ingerenze imperiali. Il Concilio contò inizialmente pochi prelati, quasi tutti italiani, e fu quasi sempre controllato dai delegati pontifici. Furono presenti anche alcuni prelati legati al cosiddetto evangelismo, come il cardinale Reginald Pole. Nelle prime sessioni vennero approvati i regolamenti e l'ordine di discussione degli argomenti; venne inoltre deciso, in seguito ad un compromesso fra le istanze imperiali e quelle papali, di affiancare decreti di natura dogmatica a quelli riguardanti questioni disciplinari. Venne inoltre riaffermato il simbolo niceno-costantinopolitano. Nella IV sessione vennero fissati i canoni della Sacra Scrittura e si ribadì la loro ispirazione; viene poi accettata come ufficiale la versione della Bibbia detta Vulgata e si respinse la dottrina del libero esame delle Scritture, ribadendo che la loro interpretazione spettava alla Chiesa. Nella V sessione venne trattata la dottrina sul peccato originale, che portò al decreto del 17 giugno 1546. Nella VI sessione fu trattata la giustificazione, da cui il decreto del 13 gennaio 1547. Si afferma che il battesimo lava da tale peccato ma nel battezzato rimane una concupiscenza, fomite (causa, tentazione) del peccato. Nonostante il permanere della concupiscenza, si ripropone la tesi tomista dello "stato di grazia" inteso come una qualità che, quando ricevuta, diviene propria dell'uomo, e non quindi una sorte conferita sempre da Dio ma 'aliena' ad esso; anche se si abbandonano le categorie della Scolastica medievale nell'esporre questo concetto (la "grazia creata" di S.Tommaso quale dono soprannaturale infuso da Dio nell'uomo, nella modalità di qualità accidentale dell'anima). La persona che riceve la grazia quindi cambia realmente, sia in sé sia in un nuovo comportamento, con atti meritori che a loro volta confermano ed incrementano la grazia. Gli atti sono una conseguenza della grazia, ma sono necessari. La cooperazione dell'uomo è comunque necessaria anche prima dello "stato di grazia" (ovvero, l'abbraccio della fede, ovvero l'abbandono fiduciale in Cristo); il documento elenca la sequenza degli atti che portano un adulto alla giustificazione: dal volgere l'attenzione alle verità di fede, a dare loro un assenso interiore, riconoscere di conseguenza il proprio peccato e detestarlo, amare Dio con tutto il cuore. Tutti atti compiuti per volontà umana, che si differenziano dall'esercizio delle virtù teologali (fede, speranza, carità) possibili solo dopo il battesimo e tramite l'infusione dello Spirito Santo. Sono dunque condannate le tesi luterane sulla giustificazione: sia per quanto riguarda ciò che è necessario a conseguirla (Lutero affermava che bastava la sola fede, e le opere non avevano alcun valore) sia per quanto riguarda le conseguenze sul giustificato (secondo Lutero non vi era alcun cambiamento nella persona, che rimaneva nei suoi peccati: l'unica differenza è che Dio non glieli imputa più, e lo fa con un atto puramente unilaterale). Venne inoltre condannata la teoria calvinista della predestinazione degli Eletti e venne evidenziato il ruolo della libertà umana nella propria salvezza. Non venne trattata in modo esteso la questione dell'Immacolata concezione: il concilio si limitò a dire che le affermazioni sul peccato originale espresse negli stessi documenti non riguardavano la «beata ed immacolata vergine Maria» e che venivano soltanto riprese le indicazioni di Sisto IV (già istitutore della festa dell'Immacolata) in merito alla questione, secondo le quali non era possibile indicare come eretica né l'affermazione contraria né quella favorevole dell'Immacolata concezione di Maria, in quanto la Chiesa non aveva ancora espresso un parere definitivo. Si stabilirono alcuni decreti di riforma, tra i quali il divieto di predicazione ai questuanti, il dovere di residenza come condizione per la rendita dei benefici ecclesiastici e l'obbligo di residenza dei vescovi nelle loro diocesi. Avveniva infatti che i benefici ecclesiastici e i vescovati venissero assegnati generalmente ai nobili, senza che corrispondesse effettivamente l'obbligo di residenza e lo svolgimento dell'incarico. Nella VII sessione venne infine ribadita la dottrina generale dei sette sacramenti, ritenuti istituiti da Gesù Cristo e efficaci indipendentemente dalla loro esecuzione (ex opere operato). Vennero quindi esaminati nel dettaglio i sacramenti del battesimo e della confermazione. Di rilievo la figura del vescovo Luigi Bardone, te
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露疗法 暴露疗法本身是一个比较痛苦的过程,是让自己面对最害怕、最焦虑的事物。当出现失误的时候,试着让自己容许这个错误的存在,能补救就补救,不能的话,就试着忽略它,不要让它影响之后所有过程。 可以从很小的事情开始练习:在一个精美的笔记本上写坏了一个字,不要扔掉整个本子!如果开始不能忍,试着先去撕掉那一页。慢慢地,就可以只划掉那个字,然后继续写。 3 寻求专业帮助 心理咨询师可以帮助来访者处理那些因追求完美而衍生的焦虑、自责、和消沉,帮助他们接受现在的自己。并且,咨询师就像一面镜子一样,来访者可以从另一个视角看到自己的问题,这是自救或自助所做不到的。完美主义者总是在仰望星空,而心理咨询会帮助他们脚踏实地。 以下,我们筛选出了6位擅长处理完美主义的咨询师,你可以在点击头像查看咨询师个人信息&联系方式,希望适应不良的完美主义者们能从中得到帮助。 孙婷然(北京) 简单心理认证 国家二级咨询师 当我们把完美作为目标的时候,意味着我们要花大量的精力去处理因为完美带来的恐惧和强迫,焦虑,只留给一小部分给我们当下真正想做的事情。 在工作中遇见过许多来访。在外人看来他们足够优秀,对自己也有很高的标准,却常常痛苦不已。在咨询中,我会跟来访一起讨论完美主义背后的情绪和认知。探索来访对自身的认知模式和成长过程关键事件的影响。帮助来访更好的自我接纳,建立更积极的与世界的链接模式。 点击预约咨询 李迪(江苏淮安) 简单心理认证 注册系统咨询师 适应不良的完美主义者对自己的要求和表现期待之间存在着一种矛盾,所以让自己更容易自责,更容易感到消沉,让自己处于较低的自尊水平。喜欢和自己较劲。 我会和你一起探讨你所期待的自我表现跟你的自我要求之间的落差,你的自我要求是否现实可行,以及在不能完成目标时你对自己的判断是否健康有益。帮你看到你的问题模式,从而打破旧有模式,学习过健康的生活。并从心理上接纳自己的不完美,停止对自己刻的要求,提升自尊。 点击预约咨询 华黎(上海) 简单心理认证 国家二级咨询师 对于适应不良的完美主义者来说,完美更像一种习惯,当出现扰动,平衡被打破,会让人陷入恐慌和怀疑,既想重新开始追寻完美,又会被出现的小挫折打败,举步不前。 面对这样有这样问题困扰的来访者,我会和TA一起梳理与之相关的方面,探讨可能的早期成长经历中相关的部分,关注完美到不完美的情感体验,陪伴TA去了解接纳哪个追求完美后面不完美的却又真实的自我,尝试获取一种新的视角看待完美。 点击预约咨询 杨阳(广东东莞) 简单心理认证 国家二级咨询师 我接触到大多的个案里,他们都被自己过度的完美主义所困扰,无法完成工作,难以兑现承诺。焦虑、内、无力感让他们的生活陷入困境。 我会在咨询中运用心理动力学以及全身聚焦等方法和他们一起来体验和讨论他们的焦虑、内以及无力感,当不断地谈论和回到过去的场景,有一天,会发现那些困扰的情感会渐渐消退,一些新的、踏实的、有力量的感觉正从心里慢慢升起,让他们重建对工作对关系的信心。而我,总会在陪伴与见证中被这样的时刻所感动。 点击预约咨询 吕锐(美国纽约) 简单心理认证 注册系统咨询师 适应不良的完美主义,一方面带来很多压力,不时带来挫败感,另一方面保护着心目中那个为我们带来光明的希望的“差一点就完美了”的形象。 我是一个动力学取向的咨询师。在我的工作中,会尽量为你提供一个足够好的抱持性环境,容纳这些无聊、沉闷或者混乱;和你一起找到一个空间,去探索和发展这个完美的形象,创造神奇的故事;和你一起渐渐整合这两个部分,体验生活的血肉丰满。也许“适应不良的完美主义”会变成一种“心怀完美的生活主义”。 点击预约咨询 章(北京) 简单心理认证 国家二级咨询师 很多来访者常常被批评过于追求完美而挑、拖延、缺乏行动力、焦虑、害怕出错、质疑自己和别人。为何要如此责自己、“追求完美”?它们都源自一种深深的恐惧:担心不被喜欢,甚至担心被抛弃......心灵的成长就象生命需要阳光一样需要肯定与接纳。与其说是追求完美,不如说我们渴望有一双为自己点亮的眼睛。 心理咨询的治愈之道,首先是通过建立稳定、安全的咨询关系,重新激活这种渴望;并随着咨询进程的深入,逐渐修复早期成长中的不足,点燃生命的激情与活力,从而带来新的经验和新的改变。 点击预约咨询 "I'm imperfect, and that's what makes me." 🏻 👉🏻 参考资料 American Psychological Association. (2003).The many faces of perfectionism. Gregoire, C. (2013). 14 Signs your perfectionism has gotten out of control. The Huffington Post. Melissa Dahl. (2014). The Alarming New Research on Perfectionism. Science of us. 公众号原创文章归简单心理版权所有 任何组织,机构和个人不得擅自转载和二次修改 转载请联系:[email protected] 在社交场合感觉紧张就是患上了社交焦虑障碍吗?社交焦虑都有哪些表现?害怕社交背后可能隐藏着哪些对自我、他人和世界的假设和信念?如何改善社交焦虑状况、提升社交自信?简单心理咨询师唐苏勤将从认知行为的视角与大家分享社交焦虑的特点、发展过程和应对。 一、社交焦虑与社交焦虑障碍 二、社交焦虑的特点与自我评估 三、认知行为视角下的社交焦虑 四、如何提升社交自信 为什么“老好人”不讨好? 在百度中输入“老好人”这个词条,弹出的解释是“老好人指的是随和厚道,性格温柔,不愿得罪人,不会拒绝别人,缺乏原则性的人。”在我们这个崇尚温良恭让的社会文化中,老好人一词一听似乎是挺符合文化标准的。可是现实生活里,这样随和厚道又温柔的人,不但不好当,一个不小心还容易几边得罪人,费力不讨好,恰如体贴的度娘特地告知的——“然而现在社会中普遍反对老好人主义”。 典型的老好人常常是这样的:害怕冲突,当面对可能出现冲突的场景的时候,老好人大多会第一个站出来,作为润滑剂,进行各方的调节及说和,避免冲突升级;又例如职场中,老好人往往会热情积极,帮助同事,团结集体,谁有着急的事儿了,谁需要支持了,老好人很能够发挥雷锋的助人为乐精神,助人解困......感觉很好啊,团体里、家庭里有这样一个润滑的角色,可以避免很多人际冲突和不愉快,给大家很多支持和温暖,可是偏偏这样一个时时的好人,在TA忙前忙后照顾他人的过程中,自己疲不堪不说,最后还容易落埋怨,不得好。这时候,老好人肯定委屈啊,肯定想不通啊,“我处处为别人着想,时时付出,怎么最后都成了我的错了,合着我做得多也错的多......”于是也很容易引起另一个极端的现象,就是“别人都是冷漠不感恩的,我付出也是浪费,以后记住教训,自己顾自己,不和别人和”,从最温暖的人变成最“冷漠”“伤心”的人。 为什么温暖热情的老好人会常常经历这样的人际挫败呢?这还要从老好人的人际关系模式说起: 边界不清 现实生活里,我们每个人的时间和精力都非常有限,做了一件事就很难分出心思做另一件事,一段时间花出去,就不能再回来,我们都无比公平的享受着相同的一天24小时,也就是说,我们每个人的时间、精力给到别人的都是独一无二的生命里的一部分。如此珍贵的资源,我们都需要精打细算的花在有价值的事情上,而为什么有的人愿意轻易花费自己如此珍贵的资源呢?第一个可能是人际边界不清,在我们这个农耕文化延续下来的民族中,保留着农耕时代人情社会的习俗和规则,在以前的社会生活里,一个地区往往是同姓氏族一起生活,生产劳作、婚庆嫁,几乎所有的社会生活细节都是大家一起完成,比如收割的时候,我们家人口不够了,可以乡亲邻里共同进行,宗族联系紧密,这种互帮互助实际是互相交换的,我家忙的时候你家帮,你家忙的时候我家帮,整体维持平衡。而在现代分工越来越细化,每个人在不同岗位干不同的事,承担不同的职责,原来适用的这种紧密的连接需求减少了,并且科技的发展为现代人提供了很多可以自得其乐的可能,使得形成人际间的紧密关系不再是一种现实的生存需求(情感需求除外)。而人际关系的边界不清,往往意味着你的就是我的,我的就是你的,你需要我帮助,我放下自己的事情,来帮助你,就像是支持自己,这是我应该做的,而反过来,当我需要的时候,你也要这样为我做到,否则你就是冷漠的。这就好像很多父母替孩子做决定,告诉孩子说“我是为你好,你听我的就对了”,上什么学校、做什么工作,我替你决定就好了,我会为你计划好,去读好的学校,去做有前途的工作,你以后生活富裕、吃穿不愁,听我的就对了。有可能父母为孩子的计划的确考虑很周到,的确就自己的生活经验为孩子避免了一些沟沟,但是这个过程中,缺乏一点非常重要的部分,那就是孩子自己对人生的决定权,甚至是知情权,也就是一种“我被看到被尊重”的感觉,常常可以听到孩子长大了抱怨父母,“如果当初没听你的就好了”,可能孩子自主选择还是会做和父母一样的决定,但是后一种会少很多不甘心和抱怨。 回到老好人的场景,老好人之所以那么的好,那么的牲自己,一定程度上是以突破自己的边界为代价,也有对认同和价值感的需求。两个人之间的边界被打破了,你我不分,那么我们之间很容易互相侵入,你占用我的时间,我自然而然也需要占用你的时间,如果一方不能被满足,那么平衡也就打破了,离关系的破裂也就不远了。 无论是亲子关系、伴侣关系或是其他关系,人和人之间都是有边界,各自独立的,边界不清往往会伤害到各自的自主性和独立性,使得关系趋于紧张。 付出背后的控制 愿意打破与他人的边界的人,往往有一种不安全感,与他人相处,别人提出请求,不敢拒绝,害怕别人不高兴,得罪人,想想是小事,干脆答应下来吧。应承一次、两次,别人就有一种感觉,好像你比较方便也没什么事,再有需要就找你了,但是老好人也有自己的事啊,不可能一直做别人的一块砖,哪里需要哪里搬,等到不能承受的时候,也就是收获埋怨的时候,又一次做了好事不落好。 每个人都有自己的生活,我们对自己边界的维护往往是对双方的保护,保护两者适当亲近而非过度融合,失去自我。当我们不断为他人付出和改变自己的时候,难以避免的,会带有期待,这个“期待”是轻柔的说法,如果加剧一点,也可以叫做控制,“我为你付出,你就要有回报,不一定是现实的回报,至少要理解我吧,至少要感恩吧,至少要肯定我的好意吧,如果这些都没有,那我的付出多么的委屈,我的付出多么不值得”,失望和丧中,隐含的控制甚至攻击就显现出来了,即便什么都不说,我们的潜意识也知道。所以很多人会有一种体验,和一个特别温和、特别为别人着想的人在一起,感觉上事事都被照顾,但同时又有种说不出的不舒服。 牲之下的索取 和付出背后的控制相似,牲之下也有索取。当我们打心眼里对自己感觉很好,很认同自己,觉得自己是有价值的,值得珍惜的时候,我们不会因为一点点的小事而担心别人怎么看自己,怎么评价自己,因为在我们自己这里,这种价值感,这种信心就是由内而外实实在在的,我们对他人的肯定的渴求也没那么强烈,而当我们自己内心对自己不信任,甚至是低的时候,我们往往很需要别人的肯定和赞赏,那怎么获得呢?比较容易和简单的方式就是——给别人做好事,牲自己,付出。内心里几乎要喊“看看我呀,我多好,我是个好人,我是个好母亲/父亲、好员工、好同事、好爱人”,我都这么牲付出了,那我足够好了吧。可是呢,别人不一定也不可能时时关注另一个人,也不一定知道甚至是可能根本就不知道另一个人的需求,于是老好人就被负了,上演了很多次的戏码再次重现,“我已经这么付出了,还是被负,那我要更加付出”或者“我已经这么付出了,还是被负,他人都是不值得信任的,我是没有价值的”,落到自我低或低他人的巢穴里去了。 人作为社会性动物,必然都有对关系的渴求,对肯定和价值感的需要,但是一个自我内在价值感稳固的人,对这部分的需要是有限的,对自己的认识也是相对稳定的,不会急于寻求他人的肯定,因为TA心里有对自己的确认感和肯定感,别人的赞赏和接纳、肯定,得到了很快乐,一时没有得到,也没关系,可以灵活自如又真实的认识自己。而老好人体现出的对肯定的渴求,对关系的担忧,对他人的不敢拒绝,往往是对自己的不足感,“我不够好”的一种感觉。 获得他人的认可,是我们的需要的一部分,但是更重要的是:我们对自己的确认感、稳定的价值感。 你也是个不讨好的老好人吗?祝愿你,走出老好人的位置,活出属于你自己的人生,展现你自己的光芒。 声明:文中所述事例均为虚构,不涉及个案工作,特此声明 在伴侣咨询中常常会遇到在婚姻中碰到困难的人,这个时候大家都会思考婚姻中最基础的是什么。 有些人说是忠诚,有些人说是能力,有些人说的是只要TA对我好,有些人说是双方的沟通; 每一个人在婚姻的需求体现都不一样。 今天我们只谈谈婚姻的一个重要基石:耐心。 为什么耐心是婚姻中的重要基石? 这和婚姻的特点有关。 婚姻生活中第一个特点:重复碎 没有足够的耐心面对婚姻生活,陷入一地鸡毛就会成为惯常。 美剧《亿万》,有一句经典台词形容大多数人的生活就在重复三样事情:Eat, Move, Shit (吃,挪,拉),这只是描述一个人;而婚姻是两个人,或三个人(孩子),甚至多人(双方父母等)的Eat, Move, Shit。 日复一日,重复且碎的行为背后需要付出各自不大不小的人生成本:小至谁洗碗,倒垃圾,接孩子,买菜,做饭,孩子睡觉......大至双方不同的人生目标与个人需求;都让人一不小心就把婚姻变为不见烟的战场; 这个时候,如果婚姻中的双方具备耐心,相信日子会在细水长流中寻得许多人生乐趣;双方才有可能成为婚姻最大的受益人。 婚姻的第二个特点:基本组成是两个不同的个体 这就意味着差异。 有差异的两个人却需要天天一起过着亲密的生活,稍不注意就会引发权利之争: 你说了算还是我说了算。 有的人说是经济说了算,那是因为没看到“哪里有压迫,哪里就有反抗。” 因为不同而争夺话语权,生活中就不约而同的冒出: *“否定”(例如:你不觉得你这么做很幼稚吗?) *“挑”(例如:这么点小事都做不好?) *“质疑”(例如:你都不像当爸/妈的。) *“评价”(例如:你就是一个没长大的小孩子。) ... 避免走入权利之争
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选活动在8月展开,通常会在国庆日和8月间的国庆庆祝活动同时进行。 新加坡总理公署部长陈振声周一在国会提出总统选举修正法案二读时说:“为了避免再出现这种情况,今年的总统选举投票日将在9月举行。” 由大法官梅达顺领导的9人宪法委员会,去年针对如何调整民选总统制,提出了多项建议。 为此,政府不会再为总统选举划定竞选集会地点。候选人还是能够举行竞选集会,但须向警方申请准证。 此外,政府会在选举期间增加电视竞选广播的时间,其中包括电视辩论和广告。 يکی از کسانی که به اتهام طراحی نقشه انفجار فرودگاه نيويورک بازداشت شده است، به گفته همسرش، در راه ونزوئلا بوده تا از آنجا ويزای ايران را دريافت کند و برای شرکت در يک کنفرانس مذهبی درباره اسلام به تهران برود. به گزارش خبرگزاری آسوشيتدپرس، عبدل قدير، ۵۵ ساله که همراه با سه مسلمان ديگر به طراحی نقشه اين جمله متهم شده است، اهل کشور گويان است و پيش از اين عضو پارلمان اين کشور کوچک در شمال آمريکای لاتين نيز بوده است. ايشا قدير، همسر وی روز يکشنبه و ساعاتی پس از آن که عبدل قدير در کشور همسايه گويان – ترينيداد و توباگو – بازداشت شد، به خبرگزاری آسوشيتدپرس گفت که شوهرش برای رفتن به ونزوئلا به ترينيداد و توباگو رفته بود. خانم قدير گفت که شوهرش قصد داشته در ونزوئلا از سفارت تهران در کاراکاس ويزای ايران را دريافت کند تا بتواند برای شرکت در يک کنفرانس درباره دين اسلام به تهران برود. عبدل قدير که هم اکنون در بازداشت پليس ترينيداد و توباگو است، مسلمان و شيعه است و روز جمعه، اول ژوئن، زمانی که قصد داشت از طريق فرودگاه بين المللی جزيره ترينيداد به ونزوئلا پرواز کند، بازداشت شد. نيروهای امنيتی ترينيداد و توباگو به درخواست FBI، يک نفر ديگر را نيز به نام کريم ابراهيم بازداشت کرده اند و اعلام کرده اند که هر دو بازداشتی خود را بعد از برپايی يک جلسه دادگاه به آمريکا تحويل خواهند داد. متهمين به دنبال اين بودند که مخازن سوخت فرودگاه را به همراه بخش هايی از خط لوله ۶۴ کيلومتری انتقال سوخت از نيوجرسی به نيويورک، منفجر کنند. متهم سوم اين پرونده، راسل دفرياتس، يک آمريکايی مسلمان است که توسط FBI در بروکلين بازداشت شده است. او از کارمندان سابق بخش بار فرودگاه بين المللی جان اف کندی بوده است. چنانکه مقام های امنيتی آمريکا می گويند، متهم چهارم به نام عبدل نور، مسلمانی اهل کشور گويان است که هنوز بازداشت نشده و احتمالا در يکی از کشورهای حوزه دريای کارئيب، مخفی شده است. به گزارش خبرگزاری رويترز، دادستان محله شرقی نيويورک در يک کنفرانس خبری گفت که اگر اين چهار تن موفق می شدند نقشه خود را عملی کنند، «ويرانی غير قابل تصوری» به بار می آمد. بنا به اين گزارش متهمين به دنبال اين بودند که مخازن سوخت فرودگاه را به همراه بخش هايی از خط لوله ۶۴ کيلومتری انتقال سوخت از نيوجرسی به نيويورک، منفجر کنند. در يکی از مکالماتی که از متهمين ضبط شده، يکی از آنها پيش بينی می کند که از اين حمله، تعداد بسيار اندکی جان سالم به در خواهند برد و نتيجه اين حمله، نابودی «سرتاسر کندی» خواهد بود. اشاره او به نام فردوگاه شهر نيويورک است که به ياد رييس جمهوری فقيد آمريکا، جان اف کندی، نامگذاری شده است. چنانکه مقام های آمريکايی می گويند ميان طراحان اين حمله و سازمان تروريستی «القاعده»، هيچ ارتباطی کشف نشده، اما در عين حال تاکيد کرده اند که آنها با يک گروه تندروی مسلمان در ترينيداد و توباگو ارتباط داشته اند. Eat More, Sleep More Eat More, Sleep More By Alexis Abboud show/hide words to know - Hormone: a chemical message released in the body by cells and glands that affects other cells in an organism. - Lipid: a building block of life (molecule) made from smaller pieces (fatty acids). There are several kinds of lipids - fats, waxes, sterols,... more - Model organism: a non-human organism studied in detail to provide understanding about the workings of other organisms... more What's in the story? You've tried counting sheep. You've even recited all of the president's names. After all that, for some reason you still just can't fall asleep. Then you hear it again – a rumble in your stomach. Have you ever noticed that when you’re really hungry, you can’t fall asleep? The rumbling in your stomach seems to keep you awake all night. The next day your brain may seem a little slow until you take a nap and you feel like yourself again. Well, the same thing happens to flies. Whenever they’re really hungry – starving – they don’t get any sleep. But afterwards, some of them don’t feel sleepy and slow like you might. Instead it's as if they slept all night and they are ready to start the day. In the PLOS Biology article, "The Perilipin Homologue, Lipid Droplet 2, Regulates Sleep Homeostasis and Prevents Learning Impairments Following Sleep Loss," scientists looked at the relationship between eating and sleeping in flies. They found that in some flies, the more they eat, the more they sleep. Sleep: It’s Important Most of us have fought with our parents to try to push bedtime back by even just five more minutes. But maybe we shouldn't fight so hard to stay awake longer. For most animals, including humans, sleep is very important. It allows the body and mind to rest after being active the whole day. While you are awake, even if you are resting, your mind and body are hard at work. They make sure you’re breathing, eating, walking, and learning. This is a big job. If you don’t let your body and mind rest, they won’t work as well the next day. You may be tired and slow, making it hard for you to learn. Some flies that don’t get enough sleep also have trouble learning, but whether or not a fly’s lack of sleep affects its learning may be due to how much fat is in the fly’s body. Scientists found that skinny flies often don’t have trouble learning, even if they don’t get enough sleep. Flies are a model organism for humans. This means that scientists can study what happens in flies and then take their findings and try to apply them to humans. These scientists looked at two types of flies, fat flies and skinny flies. The difference between these two fly types is their genes. The fat flies have a gene called brummer that tells their bodies to store all the lipids, or fat, that they eat. These flies can live off their fat stores if they can’t find food. The skinny flies have a gene, lipid storage droplet 2, that stops them from storing fat so they stay skinny. Hey Guys, I’m Tired To figure out what sleeplessness does to the flies, the scientists kept all the flies awake. This is easier than you might think. First, you put all the flies on a teeter-totter, a long board that tilts back and forth. The flies get all balanced and cozy on one side of the board, almost comfy enough to fall asleep...but then the board gets tilted. The flies then have to rebalance, keeping them awake. The teeter-totter was tilted every 10 seconds during testing, so the flies were kept awake by constantly having to move to rebalance themselves. The next day, scientists tested the flies to see how tired they were and whether they could learn. To see if the flies were tired, they tested their blood for amylase. Amylase is a hormone that is usually in the blood of sleepy animals. To see if the flies had trouble learning, they tried to teach the flies to avoid light, even though flies are naturally attracted to it. To teach the flies to do this, scientists took lighted tubes and covered them with a bad-tasting chemical. When the flies went toward the lighted tubes, they would taste the chemical and want to get away from it. The skinny flies were able to learn to avoid light, but the fat flies did not learn to avoid it. The fat flies had trouble learning, but they also has a lot of amylase in their blood. When organisms are tired, they produce the hormone amylase. The high levels of amylase in fat flies meant that they were very tired. The skinny flies were different. They had very little amylase in their bodies, showing that they were not tired. The scientists were also able to teach the skinny flies to avoid light, showing that they were able to learn. Breaking News: Fats Change Sleep Patterns Remember, the fat flies and skinny flies have two different genes controlling lipid storage. The fat flies have a gene that tells their bodies to store lipids. But the skinny flies have a different gene that tells their bodies not to store lipids. The scientists think that the lipids stored by the fat flies changed how they responded to the same environment as the skinny flies. The fat flies needed more sleep because the lipids changed the way cells reacted and controlled sleep processes. The next step is to discover exactly how the lipids change these processes. Lipids and Learning, and Sleep! Oh my! By looking at flies, scientists learned that sleeping and learning are related to lipid storage. The fat flies, which have lots of lipids, didn’t sleep. They were tired and couldn’t learn. The skinny flies, which don’t have very many lipids, didn’t sleep either. They weren’t tired, and they could still learn. So what does this mean for you when you are lying in bed, staring at the ceiling with a grumbling stomach? Scientists already know that people who are hungry have trouble falling asleep. But humans don't have the same genes as skinny flies, so they're not protected from sleep loss. This means that when people don't get enough sleep, they are tired and they do have trouble learning, just like the fat flies. So the next time you try to stay up past your bedtime, remember that getting enough rest will make learning easier for you. Additional images from Wikimedia Commons. Drosophila Melanogaster fly by André Karwath via Wikimedia. Rekabetçi Bir Çalışma Ortamı Etkili Midir? Rekabetçi bir çalışma ortamı etkili midir? Örgüt psikolojisi alanındaki yöneticiler ve uzmanlar evet diyecektir. Ancak önemli nüanslar ekleyeceklerdir. Bu, çalışanları nasıl seviyelendireceğinizi ve terfi ettireceğinizi bilmeniz gereken bir oyun alanıdır çünkü eğer bu yanlış yapılırsa, sonuçlar şirketler ve insan sermayesi için felaket olur. İşyerinde rekabetçiliğe dair birkaç ipucu teşvik edicidir ancak aynı şey yalnızca bu prensibe dayalı bir kültür için söylenemez. Bazı çalışanların kişilikleri gereği bu dinamiğe uyum sağlayamadıklarını unutmamalıyız. Ayrıca bu strateji çoğu zaman çatışmaların, stresin ve düşük üretkenliğin kaynağıdır. Bütün bunları aklımızda tutarak artılarına ve eksilerine bir göz atalım. Rekabetçi çalışma ortamlarında meslektaşlar rakip haline gelir. Rekabetçi bir çalışma ortamı nedir? Rekabetçi bir çalışma ortamı, çalışanların akranlarından daha iyi performans göstermeleri ve başarılı olmaları için motive olmalarını ve zorlanmalarını sağlayan bir ortamdır. Ancak pek çok şirkette aynı dinamik açık değil, daha çok altta yatan bir dinamiktir. Çoğumuz tanınma, ikramiye veya terfi için rekabet ederiz. Daniel Goleman’ın Focus: The Hidden Driver of Excellence(2013) adlı kitabında bize açıkladığı gibi, her çalışan bir noktada rekabet etmek zorunda kalıyor. Giderek daha karmaşık, dinamik ve değişen bir dünyada bireyler, sosyal gruplar ve kuruluşlar bir konumu veya önerilen hedefleri elde etmek için birbirleriyle rekabet halindedirler. Bu tür senaryoların bazı özellikleri şunlardır: - İşçiler arasında sürekli rekabet ve rekabet. - Baskının hakim olduğu çok zorlu çalışma ortamları. - Daha yüksek hedef başarısı gösterenlere ödüller verilir. - Çalışanların performansını değerlendirmek için sürekli mekanizmalar uygulanmaktadır. Ayrıca bakınız: Çalışma Ortamına Yönelik 7 Rekabet Stratejisi Rekabetçi çalışma ortamı etkili mi? Organizasyonlar alanında bu tür ortamların teşvik edilmesinin uygunluğunu savunan genel bir fikir vardır. Bu ilke, üretkenliği ve yenilikçiliği artırma ve kurumsal performansı iyileştirme ihtiyacıyla haklı çıkar. Şimdi soru şu: Rekabetçi bir çalışma ortamı etkili midir? Kısa cevap: Yalnızca belirli durumlarda. Rekabetçi bir organizasyon politikasından tüm çalışma ortamları veya insanlar faydalanamaz. Pekin Üniversitesi’ndeki bir makalenin belirttiği gibi, bu zorlu dinamiklerin yararlı olup olmadığını belirlemek için hem çalışanların kişilikleri hem de ekiplerin kendi iklimi dikkate alınmalıdır. Ve insanlardaki rekabet var olan en karmaşık değişkenlerden biridir. Aşağıda hangi durumlarda faydalı olacağını, hangi durumlarda engel teşkil edeceğini detaylı olarak anlatacağız. Ödül ve cezalara dayalı aşırı rekabetçi çalışma ortamı nedeniyle birçok çalışma ortamı toksik hale geliyor. İşgücü rekabetçiliğinin olumlu yönleri ve bunun nasıl faydalı hale getirileceği Belirli senaryolarda rekabetçi bir çalışma ortamı etkilidir. Kişilik ve Bireysel Farklılıklar dergisinde yayınlanan araştırmalardan, bu özelliklere sahip bir çalışanın şirkete yenilik getirdiğini biliyoruz. Bu iç motivasyon, kuruluşun hedefleri arasındaki uyumun yanı sıra bağlılık ve üstün olma arzusuyla da ilişkilidir. Bunlar şüphesiz yüksek değere sahip özelliklerdir ancak her bireyin sahip olduğu özellikler değildir. Dahası, bazen bir kişi rekabetçi olabilir, ancak çalışma ortamının kültürü buna elverişli değilse, kendini hüsrana uğramış, yetersiz ödüllendirilmiş ve eleştirilmiş hissedecektir. Bu boyutun katkıda bulunduğu olumlu yönler aşağıda sıralanmıştır: - Daha yüksek performans. - Yenilik ve yaratıcılığı teşvik eder. - İşçiler başarılarından dolayı ödüllendirilir. - Çalışanları yeni beceriler ve yeterlilikler kazanmaya teşvik eder. - Bireyler akranlarının çalışmalarından ilham alabilirler. - Şirketi pazarda daha önemli bir konuma doğru yönlendirir. - Rekabetçilik, çalışana bir miktar motivasyon ve motivasyon sağlayabilir. Rekabetçi çalışma ortamı nasıl etkili hale getirilir? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology’de yayınlanan çok ilginç bir çalışma var. Bizi rekabetçi çalışma ortamlarının etkinliği üzerine düşünmeye davet ediyor. Çoğu zaman başarılı olabilmek için bir noktada bize yardım edenleri, becerilerimizi ve gelişimimizi kolaylaştıran meslektaşlarımızı geride bırakmamız gerekir. Bunlar neredeyse her gün yaşanan yaygın deneyimlerdir. Bu dinamiklerin çatışma olmadan gerçekleşebilmesi için şirketlerin tanıtım ve rekabet mekanizmalarına dikkat etmeleri gerekiyor. Şirketler, çalışanların en iyi koşullarda rekabet edebilecekleri ortamı yaratmakla sorumludur. Bakalım anahtarlar neler: - Çalışanlara değer verin. - Çabalarını ödüllendirin. - Stresi yönetmek için stratejiler sunun. - Daha az rekabet gücü gösterenleri küçümsemeyin. - İşbirliğine dayalı hedefleri rekabetçilikle birleştirin. - Çalışanların ilerleyebilmesi için uygun mekanizmaları sağlayın. - Çalışanları şirketin rekabet politikaları ve kültürü konusunda bilgilendirin. - Sadece bireysel rekabeti değil, grup kültürünü de teşvik edin. Rekabetçi bir çalışma ortamı ne zaman etkili değildir? Yalnızca hedeflere ulaşmaya odaklanmış, acımasız bir kültürle beslenen örgütlerde rekabetçi bir çalışma ortamı işe yaramaz. Verimlilik ön planda tutulduğunda ve çalışanın koşulları ve refahı göz ardı edildiğinde sorunlar ortaya çıkar. Çok iyi bildiğimiz gibi bu, çalışma dünyasının büyük bir bölümünde ortaya çıkan bir dinamik. Bu yaklaşımın uygun olmadığı durumlara ilişkin bazı örnekleri aşağıda listeleyeceğiz: - Çalışma ortamı stresli ve oldukça zorludur. - Herkes rekabetçi ortamlarda rahat değildir. - Şirket net çalışma mekanizmalarına ve iyi bir organizasyona sahip değil. - Çalışan, örgütün değersiz ve değiştirilebilir bir parçası olarak algılanmaktadır. - Çalışanlar birbirlerini rakip olarak algılıyorsa rekabet etkili değildir. - Ayrıca, başka bir ödül olmadan sadece işi korumak için rekabet ederken de etkili değildir. - Eğer hedeflere ulaşma çalışanın ruh sağlığından daha öncelikli ise bunun da bir faydası yoktur. Oldukça rekabetçi bir çalışma ortamının etkileri nelerdir? Oldukça rekabetçi bir organizasyonel ortamın temel etkilerinden biri ilişkiler arası çatışmadır. Oslo’daki Ulusal Mesleki Sağlık Enstitüsü konuyla ilgili çok aydınlatıcı bir analiz yayınladı. Rekabet nedeniyle iş arkadaşları arasında yaşanan bu sorunlar çoğu zaman hastalık iznine yol açmaktadır. Ayrıca aşağıdaki sonuçlar da mümkündür: - Stres ve kaygı ortaya çıkar. - Dürüst olmayan veya etik olmayan davranışlar olabilir. - Meslektaşlar arasında işyerinde zorbalık dinamikleri ortaya çıkabilir. - Yüksek rekabet gücü üretkenliği ve yenilikçiliği azaltabilir. - Bazen rekabetçilik konformizme dönüşür. Kişilikleri nedeniyle bu dinamiklerden kaçınan ve bu tür zorlukları minimum düzeyde yaparak atlamayı tercih eden birçok kişi var. Kendiyle yarışan, her geçen gün kendini geliştirip ne kadar ileri gidebileceğini göstermesi gereken insanlar var. Ayrıca şunu da okumak isteyebilirsiniz: Deutsch ve Krauss Deneyi: İşbirliği ve Rekabet İç rekabetin rehberliğinde çalışanın faydaları Bu noktada rekabetçi bir çalışma ortamının her zaman etkili olmadığını zaten biliyoruz. Bu boyutun ideal olmasını ve iyi sonuçlara ulaşmasını sağlamak için kuruluşların mekanizmaları düzenlemekten ve bakımını üstlenmekten sorumlu olduklarının bilincindeyiz. Benzer şekilde, böylesine zorlu bir sosyal bağlamda şirketlerin bu öngörülemeyen dalgalanmalara mümkün olan en iyi şekilde uyum sağlaması gerektiği de inkar edilemez. Bu bağlamda, ilgili bir psikolojik dinamiğin altını çizmeye değer. Dış faktörler tarafından motive edilmeyen, kişisel rekabet gücü yüksek olan çalışanlar var. Çalışmaları sürekli zorluklara göğüs gererek ve onları yenerek içsel gelişime dayalı olan insanlar vardır; bu şekilde benlik kavramlarını oluştururlar. Bu kişilik faktörü, şirketlerin bu davranışlara değer verme ve teşvik etme koşullarını kendileri sağladığı sürece, çalışma
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. The exchange between the atmosphere and the earth’s surface is also affected by deforestation. And this is also a massive problem in today’s climate system, which affects weather conditions and the climate model in general. What is sustainable forestry? Sustainable forestry is a set of methods and practices that mimic the natural processes of disturbance and restoration. The purpose of applying this concept is to maintain a balance in the wild, the environment, and the forest community while conserving forest resources for future generations. Sustainable forest practices are designed to balance economic, social, and environmental sustainability and ensure a long-term future for forests. Forestry personnel survey the land and determine the area where trees can be cut down. It is about pruning timber or cutting down large and old trees to support diversified growth. In essence, it works so that humanity recognizes its need for forest resources and cares about the long-term existence of forests and the preservation of the environment. Sustainable forestry elements Unique carbon cycle is the main element of sustainable forestry. Carbon emissions from decomposing trees perpetuate climate change. However, they can be collected and used to make everyday products and thus keep the trees from decaying by releasing carbon back into the atmosphere. It is also possible to offset carbon emissions by planting new trees that capture greenhouse gases and protect soils. Economic Viability & Reforestation: Sustainable forestry does not profit from tree felling. In contrast, the industry benefits from the reforestation process. Sustainable companies are engaged in reforestation, that is, the deliberate planting of trees. The planted trees provide the necessary habitat, absorb carbon and filter the water. At the same time, companies plant more trees than they use in production. Social sustainability is also a critical element of the concept of sustainability in forestry. This element involves the transfer of property to residents. Organizations are working on reforestation with pastoralists on their land. Local people can be involved in sustainable agriculture in a variety of ways. One of these ways is employment. Deforestation negatively affects the environment and contributes to climate change. Forests store greenhouse gases and release oxygen, which is vital to life on the planet. Sustainable forestry offers a range of methods to help meet the needs of humans and nature. It is also about reforestation and reducing the number of trees cut down for manufacturing, agriculture, and building. 9 Ocak 2014 Perşembe günü programa konu olan Baksı müzesi Aralık ayında bir ödül aldı. Bu ödül, Avrupa Konseyi Parlamenter Meclisi tarafından "Avrupa kültürel mirasının tanıtımında önemli rol oynayan" bir müzeye veriliyor. Hüsamettin Koçan, bir sanatçı duyarlılığı ile hafızadan hayale bir yolu hedefliyor. Yani gelenekten geleceğe gidişin kültür erozyonunu engelleyeceğini, ayrıca bölgedeki yetenekli çocukların desteklenerek geleceğin sanatçı ve kültür insanlarını yetiştirmeyi amaçlıyor. http://www.baksi.org/ 观感首先是压抑的,让人带着猎奇的心态去关注走向,最后还得花时间将隐喻和多义并行的呼应慢慢剖析,不是轻易能讲清楚的电影。 三段小故事,Hero,Homo,Horror延伸自让·热内(Jean Genet)自传体小说,互相没有交集,但共同点在于 1. 本无害之人,因社会的种种伤害,最终都某种意义走上了形成对社会恶狠狠的反向报复性质道路。如Homo中的John,拥抱监狱以拒绝这个拒绝他的社会;如Horror中的暗示艾滋病的病毒传播;如小社会“家庭”压抑中的小男孩最终开枪父。 2. 为了融入群体,融入主流价值观,哪怕要做出非本意之事,也必须以”同流合污“来达成步调一致。但影片并非从一种“批判”角度来表现此事,相反,我们看到的是除了普通社会事件背后的无可奈何外,更多是认同角色的自我认同。无谓善恶,无谓道德,无谓判断。我们见证口水变成鲜花降下,也听见天使在天花上放屁。 照例宣传一下公众号 虛穴取 (ID:cocoonics) Issue Date: August 24, 2009 Room-Temperature Quantum Magnets In a breakthrough for spintronics—research that aims to use the magnetic moments of electrons to process information—scientists have discovered that chemically prepared, impurity-laced quantum dots can spontaneously line up their magnetic fields with the application of light. Notably, this process can occur at up to room temperature (Science 2009, 325, 973). Chemistry professor Daniel R. Gamelin of the University of Washington, Seattle, and colleagues there and at the University of Duisburg-Essen, in Germany, doped cadmium-selenide quantum dots with manganese, then bombarded them with laser light, causing the dots to generate large magnetic fields. Quantum dots—collections of ions only a few nanometers across—behave like giant atoms, with electrons delocalized over the entire dot. The goal of Gamelin’s work was to use an “exciton,” an electron-hole pair that simultaneously affects all the impurities in a quantum dot, lining up their spins. Such quantum dot magnets are expected to function as tunable, hybrid electronic/magnetic components of information processing and storage devices that work much faster and use less power than traditional charge-based devices (C&EN, Aug. 28, 2006, page 30). Many researchers have triggered this magnetic lineup in doped quantum dots by applying large magnetic fields; and a few researchers have reported accomplishing it with laser light, but only partially, and at frigid temperatures of only a few Kelvin. The new process, which works at room temperature, “represents an exciting development for spin-based electronics,” notes spintronics pioneer David Awschalom, a physics professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Spintronics research is starting to attract more chemists, who bring their own special skills to the table. Gamelin’s strategy of preparing magnetic semiconducting quantum dots as colloids, rather than epitaxially, offers some unique advantages. For example, the process allows them to use traditional chemical purification techniques, as well as making it possible to evenly distribute dopants throughout the quantum dot, rather than clumping together. - Chemical & Engineering News - ISSN 0009-2347 - Copyright © American Chemical Society به گزارش پایگاه خبری شورا آنلاین خسرو ارتقایی حجم آب موجود در مخازن سدهای پنج گانه تحت پوشش این شرکت را بیش از ۷۳۳ میلیون متر مکعب عنوان و اظهار کرد: این میزان در مقایسه با سال گذشته ۹۵ میلیون مترمکعب بیشتر است اما در مقایسه با حجم نرمال و سال های پرآبی ۵۳ میلیون متر مکعب کمتر است. وی با اشاره به پیش بینی سازمان هواشناسی در خصوص وقوع بارش و احتمال سیلاب، گفت:: این شرکت بر اساس پیش بینی هایی که در خصوص آوردهای سدها به صورت روزانه، هفتگی، ماهانه و بلندمدت انجام میشود نسبت به برنامه ریزی جهت آبگیری مخازن سدها و کنترل سیلاب های بهاری اقدام می کند. وی افزود: در همین راستا خروجی سدها با هماهنگی مراکز مرتبط از جمله مدیریت بحران استانداری های تهران و البرز و با اعلام قبلی افزایش می یابد. ارتقایی تصریح کرد: در حال حاضر حجم آب موجود در مخزن سد امیرکبیر ۱۶۷ میلیون مترمکعب است که به منظور کنترل سیلاب، خروجی آب این سد طی روزهای گذشته به تدریج افزایش یافته که امروز (شنبه) به ۴۰ مترمکعب در ثانیه خواهد رسید. به گفته ارتقایی، این در حالی است که میزان ورودی آب به مخزن این سد حدود ۵۵ متر مکعب در ثانیه است. مدیرعامل شرکت آب منطقه ای تهران همچنین حجم آب موجود در سد لتیان را معادل ۶۸.۵ میلیون متر مکعب عنوان و اظهار کرد: در حال حاضر دبی ورودی به این سد حدود ۵۰ متر مکعب در ثانیه است و به همین میزان نیز از خروجی سد، در رودخانه جاجرود رهاسازی می شود. وی تاکید کرد: لازم به ذکر است حجم کل مخزن سد لتیان ۷۶ میلیون مترمکعب است و هم اکنون به منظور مدیریت سیلاب میزان ورودی و رهاسازی در این سد یکسان شده است تا در صورت تداوم بارش ها و سیلاب های بعدی امکان کنترل آنها وجود داشته باشد. ارتقایی با بیان اینکه در حال حاضر سدهای طالقان و ماملو هیچ گونه سرریزی ندارد، گفت: در زمان کنونی، ۹۰ درصد حجم مخزن سدهای امیرکبیر و لتیان، ۶۷ درصد مخزن سد طالقان و ۶۱ درصد حجم مخزن سد ماملو پر شده است و کلیه رهاسازی ها به شکل برنامه ریی شده و به منظور کنترل سیلاب انجام می شود. وی همچنین با اشاره به بارش های ثبت شده در استان تهران، اظهار کرد: حجم بارش های استان تهران از ابتدای سال آبی جاری تاکنون به حدود ۲۱۵ میلیمتر رسیده است که این میزان در مقایسه با ۱۸۰ میلیمتر سال گذشته ۱۹ درصد افزایش یافته است. با این حال، حجم بارش های سال جاری در استان تهران همچنان در مقایسه با دوره بلند مدت ۴۸ ساله چهار درصد کاهش نشان می دهد. Tarafından Martin Rogers FOX Spor Köşe Yazarı Ekibi özellikle iyi değil. Geçtiğimiz birkaç sezonda MLB’deki daha tuhaf eğilimlerden birinde, elitlerin sporları arasında sayısız profesyonel, muazzam derecede yüksek bir seviyede performans gösteriyor... ama aslında boşuna. Geçen yıl playofflar gerçekleştiğinde aksiyon çılgın, eğlenceli ve rekabetçiydi, ancak aynı zamanda normal sezonu aydınlatan çarpıcı sayıda isim de yoktu. bu Los Angeles Melekleri Amerikan Ligi MVP’sini görmeyi sevdim Shohei Ohtani‘in inanılmaz iki yönlü kampanyası, ancak bu onlara playoffların kokusunu alamadı. Ulusal Lig’de, Bryce Harperistismarları hediye edemedi Philadelphia Phillies herhangi bir anlamlı Ekim eylemi. Şimdi Greene, yeni beyzbol yılının açılış patlamasında 100 mil veya daha hızlı 39 atış yapmak gibi mantıksız şeyler yapıyor. Los Angeles Dodgers2-10 kişilik bir kadroda Çarşamba gününe doğru ilerliyor ve bu sefil yolda devam etmeye hazır görünüyor. FOX Sports MLB Analisti, “Beyzbol çok benzersizdir, çünkü sadece bir oyuncuya hükmedemezsiniz ve otomatik olarak harika bir takımınız olur.” Ben Verlander bana söyle. “Basketbolda sahada sadece beş adam var ve eğer biri efsaneyse iyi olacaksın. Futbolda en iyi oyuncun oyun kurucuysa iyi olacaksın. Melekler, Ohtani her gün atış yapamaz ve o ve Mike Trout sadece dokuz defada bir vuruş yapabilir.” Ohtani hepsini 2021’de olağanüstü bir seviyede teslim ederek yaptı. Onu mutlaka görülmesi gereken bir görüntüye dönüştürdü, ancak Angels’ın .500’ün altında sekiz maça ve AL West’te dördüncü sıraya çıkmasına sadece yardımcı olabilir. Yine de, sadece iki NL takımı, beyzbolun en kötü bölümü olan NL Doğu’da 23.5 maçı birinci bitirmeyi başaran 65-97 Ulusal Takımından daha kötüydü. bu Toronto Mavi Alakargalar geçen sezon çok sayıda elit düzeyde oyuncu vardı, ancak bu onlara olması gerektiği kadar yardımcı olmadı. Vladimir Guerrero Jr. zaman zaman herkesten farklı, daha kolay bir beyzbol oynuyormuş gibi görünüyordu. Marcus Semien parlak ve kısa stoperdi Bo Bichette çok geride değildi, bu arada Robbie Ray sol atış büyüsü ile onu aydınlattı. O zaman bile, Toronto AL Doğu’da dördüncü oldu ve playoff zamanında televizyonda izlemeyi bıraktı. Philadelphia’da, Zack Wheeler Harper’ın sahada olduğu kadar höyükte de iyiydi. San Diego’da, Fernando Tatis Jr. patlayıcı yükselişini sürdürdü babalar çok şey vaat eden ve çok az şey teslim eden ekip. Verlander, “Beyzbolda başarı gereksinimi farklıdır ve bu onu ilginç kılıyor” dedi. “Takım çok iyi olmasa da, Soto sopasını görmek için şehre gelen Ulusalları izleyebilirsiniz. Beyzbolun güzel yanı, kazanmak için tam bir takıma ihtiyacınız var. İyi dağıtılmış bir kadronuz varsa, o zaman o zaman Evet, bu yıldızlar size ekstra avantaj sağlayabilir ama zayıf bir kadroyu telafi edemezler.” Harper ve Ohtani geçen sezon, 1987’den beri ilk kez – ve tarihte sadece dokuzuncu – her iki MVP’nin de playofflara kalamayan takımlarda oynadığı MVP ödülünü aldı. Aslında, MVP finalistlerinden hiçbiri oraya bile gidemedi, bu da oylama panelinin bir oyuncunun bireysel çabasını analiz ederken bir takımın korkunç çıktısını gözden kaçırma konusundaki istekliliğini gösterebilir. FOX Bet, bu yıl AL MVP’yi kazanmak için Guerrero’yu +350’de listeliyor ve Soto NL’de +300 favori. Dodgers, +500 ile World Series’i kazanma olasılığı en yüksek takım olarak kabul ediliyor. Bazen oyuncular takımlarının kaderini etkilemek için fazla bir şey yapamazlar. Bazen isteyerek böyle bir durumu seçerler. Chris Bryant Serbest oyunculuğa ulaştığında Colorado’yu seçti ve ilk kampanyasına Denver’da başladı. kayalıklar NL West’te çok fazla zorluk çekmesi beklenmiyor ve son otuz yılda sadece beş kez sezon sonu yaptı. “İyi bir hikayeden yanayım ve tarihi yeniden yazmaktan yanayım.” Bryant, The Athletic’e şunları söyledi:. Colorado güçlü bir başlangıç yaptı, bu yüzden kim bilir, bu hedefe ulaşabilir. Olmazsa ve mücadele eden bir takımda başka bir yıldız oyuncu olursa? Eh, o tek değil. Martin Rogers, FOX Sports için köşe yazarı ve FOX Sports Insider Bülteni’nin yazarıdır. Bültene buradan abone olabilirsiniz. Major League Baseball’dan daha fazlasını alın Oyunlar, haberler ve daha fazlası hakkında bilgi almak için favorilerinizi takip edin. Do you have a fear of transcription? Are you daunted by the prospect of learning and handling unfamiliar symbols? This workbook is for students who are new to linguistics and phonetics, and offers a didactic approach to the study and transcription of the words, rhythm and intonation of English. It can be used independently or in class and covers all the pronunciation details of words, phrases, rhythm and intonation. Progress is deliberately gentle with plenty of explanations, examples and 'can't go wrong' exercises. In addition, there is an associated website with audio recordings of authentic speech, which provide back-up throughout. The audio clips also introduce students to variations in accents, with eleven different speakers. Going beyond the transcription of words, the book also ventures into real discourse with the simplification systems of colloquial English speech, rhythm and intonation. In the book Diet For a Hot Planet: The Climate Crisis at the End of Your Fork and What You Can Do about It by Anna Lappe, the author argues that modern food production methods, especially for meat, are huge factors contributing to global warming and that people should exchange their current food consumption habits for more environmentally sustainable ones. The International Panel on Climate Change lists agriculture at contributing just 13.5% of total global warming emissions, but Lappe points out that that the emissions due to our food system are really a bigger piece of the pie, including part of the emissions from transport, commercial buildings, waste, and forestry. Livestock in particular are significant emitters of greenhouse gasses due to their methane emissions from the animals and their waste, the energy use of feedlots and processing plants, large amount of fertilizers needed for the large amount of crops for animal feed, etc. Lappe argues that changes in agricultural methods could greatly cut emissions rates by, for example, raising meat from free-range cattle, switching to organically grown produce, and keeping food more local. All of these things reduce reliance on energy, especially oil, allowing them to produce fewer global warming gasses and to continue to be effective even as oil becomes more scarce and its costs rise. Lappe also takes time to discuss companies use of 'greenwashing' techniques to sell products that are not truly environmentally friendly and a section for consumers on making sustainable food choices. Overall, I agree with Lappe's main argument: modern agriculture significantly contributes to global warming and we can and should make changes to production methods to decrease our impact. However, I think some of Lappe's ideas are idealistic, impractical, inflexible, and contradictory. For instance, throughout the book she condemns large companies for their failure to take responsibility for their own emissions and for trying to hide their poor environmental practices from consumers. However, she still condemns them even when they do attempt to reduce their impact by investigating the use of genetically modified plants and using methane digesters in order to produce energy from livestock waste. I agree with Lappe that genetically modified plants have the potential to do more harm than good and that producing energy from livestock waste is still not sustainable in the long run in terms of global warming, but I do think that these ideas are a step in the right direction and deserve some credit. At very least they could be used until some other more sustainable ideas could be implemented. Concerning sustainable ideas for agriculture, I found Lappe to offer few except ones requiring complete overhauls of the current system- in other words changes that would be least likely to actually be accepted by food producers, politicians and farmers. I think if she really wanted some change for the better, she would be more accepting of any ideas to better the system, especially if people were willing to embrace them. An area where I think the author is over optimistic given the evidence is with the yields and efficiency of organic farming. Lappe cites studies which have not been peer reviewed and published in academic journals which support her conclusion that yields are nearly the same as conventional farming methods with less use of energy input, even though published studies also existed which have conflicting conclusions. For instance, this study found a 20% smaller yield from organic farms using 50% less fertilizer and 97% less pesticide. This study found that organic apple production is more energy efficient while this (1) one found that organic apple and potato production was less energy efficient than conventional methods. Finally, this long-term study found that crop yields were 20% lower in organic systems while fertilizer plus energy input was 34% to 53% lower. My conclusions based off these studies are that organic farming may be very promising in reducing energy requirements, but more land may be required for cultivation due to the lower yields, which could increase emissions in itself. Overall, more study seems to be needed
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less mobile phone", a snooker-playing robot, the Moog synthesiser and an "automated office of the future" which no doubt exactly predicts how we all do our daily work now. La tempesta tropicale Daniel, la quarta tempesta nominata della stagione del Pacifico orientale, ha ruggito alla vita nell'Oceano Pacifico, e un satellite che scruta attraverso la cima della tempesta ha scorto nuvole di pioggia alte 9 miglia (14 chilometri) all'interno della tempesta. Queste nubi altissime, conosciute come "torri calde" perché sono esposte in alto nell'atmosfera dal calore latente, sembrano essere un segno rivelatore che una tempesta si rafforzerà. I ricercatori della NASA hanno scoperto che quando una tempesta turbinante ha torri calde verso il centro, è due volte più probabilità di ottenere energia rispetto alle tempeste rotanti a cui mancano le alte nuvole di pioggia. Questo è stato il caso di Daniel. Un satellite della NASA ha scattato un'immagine delle torri calde il 4 luglio, quando la tempesta in rapida crescita era ancora una depressione tropicale senza nome - una tempesta organizzata e rotante, ma senza la piena forza di una tempesta tropicale, che deve avere venti di almeno 39 mph (63 km / h). Abbastanza sicuro, la tempesta ha guadagnato il potere. Nelle prime ore del 5 luglio, i suoi venti hanno accelerato fino a 45 mph (75 km / h), e la tempesta tropicale Daniel è nata. Le tempeste prendono il nome solo quando raggiungono lo stato di tempesta tropicale. L'immagine satellitare delle nuvole di Daniel ha rivelato che la tempesta stava facendo piovere a una velocità di oltre 2 pollici (50 millimetri) all'ora. La tempesta ha continuato a rafforzarsi, e sta impaccando venti di 70 miglia all'ora (110 km / h), solo 4 mph in meno delle velocità del vento richieste per lo stato degli uragani. I meteorologi del National Hurricane Center si aspettano che Daniel diventi un uragano più tardi oggi (6 luglio). La tempesta si trova a 650 miglia (1.045 km) a sud della penisola di Baja, nel Messico, e si sta spostando più lontano verso il mare, non costituendo una minaccia per la terra. La quarta tempesta nominata dal bacino del Pacifico arriva in un momento in cui l'Oceano Atlantico è tranquillo. Finora, quattro tempeste hanno preso vita in quel bacino oceanico, che ha registrato alcune delle prime tempeste nominate mai registrate. Eppure, nonostante l'ondata di attività all'inizio della stagione, i meteorologi si aspettano ancora una stagione di uragani quasi normale per l'Atlantico. Le prospettive stagionali richiedono un totale di nove o quindici tempeste nominali. Di quelle tempeste, tra le quattro e le otto è probabile che diventino degli uragani, e tra uno e tre è probabile che diventino i maggiori uragani. Segui OurAmazingPlanet per le ultime novità in scienze della terra e di esplorazione su Twitter @OAPlanet e via Facebook. Originally posted at Inequality by (Interior) Design. One of my favorite sociologists is Bill Watterson. He’s not read in most sociology classrooms, but he has a sociological eye and a great talent for laying bare the structure of the world around us and the ways that we as individuals must navigate that structure—some with fewer obstacles than others. Unlike most sociologists, Watterson does this without inventing new jargon (or much new jargon), or relying on overly dense theoretical claims. He doesn’t call our attention to demographic trends (often) or seek to find and explain low p values. Rather, Watterson presents the world from the perspective of a young boy who is both tremendously influenced by–and desires to have a tremendous influence on–the world around him. The boy’s name is Calvin, and I put a picture of him (often in the company of his stuffed tiger, Hobbes) on almost every syllabus I write. Watterson is the artist behind the iconic comic strip, “Calvin and Hobbes,” and he firmly believed in his art form. I’m convinced that if you can’t find a Calvin and Hobbes cartoon to put on your syllabus for a sociology course, there’s a good chance you’re not teaching sociology. The questions and perspectives of children are significant to sociologists because children offer us an amazing presentation of how much is learned, and how we come to take what we’ve learned for granted. In many ways, this is at the heart of the ethnographic project: to uncover both what is taken for granted and why this might matter. Using the charm and wit of a megalomaniacal young boy, Watterson challenges us on issues of gender inequality, sexual socialization, religious identity and ideology, racism, classism, ageism, deviance, the logic of capitalism, globalization, education, academic inquiry, philosophy, postmodernism, family forms and functions, the social construction of childhood, environmentalism, and more. Watterson depicts the world from Calvin’s perspective. He manages to illustrate both how odd this perspective appears to others around him (his parents, teachers, peers, even Hobbes) as well as the tenacity with which Calvin clings to his unique view of the world despite the fact that it often fails to accord with reality. Indeed, Calvin ritualistically comes into conflict with his social obligations as a child (school, chores, social etiquette, and norms of deference and respect, etc.) and the diverse roles he plays as a social actor (both real and imaginary). Calvin is a wonderful example of the human capacity to play with social “roles” and within the social institutions that frame and structure our lives. Quite simply, Calvin often simply refuses to play the social roles assigned to him, or, somewhat more mildly, he refuses to play those roles in precisely the way they were designed to be played. And in that way, Calvin helps to illustrate just how social our behavior is. Social behavior is based on a series of structured negotiations with the world around us. This doesn’t have to mean that we can act however we please—Calvin is continually bumping into social sanctions for his antics. But neither does it mean that we only act in ways that were structurally predetermined. The world around us is a collective project, one in which we have a stake. We play a role in both social reproduction and change. Understanding the ways in which our experiences, identities, opportunities, and more are structured by the world around us is a central feature of sociological learning. Calvin is one way I ask students to consider these ideas. Kai Erikson put it this way in an essay on sociological writing: Most sociologists think of their discipline as an approach as well as a subject matter, a perspective as well as a body of knowledge. What distinguishes us from other observers of the human scene is the manner in which we look out at the world—the way our eyes are focused, the way our minds are tuned, the way our intellectual reflexes are set. Sociologists peer out at the same landscapes as historians or poets or philosophers, but we select different details out of those scenes to attend closely, and we sort those details in different ways. So it is not only what sociologists see but the way they look that gives the field its special distinction. (here) Calvin is a great example of the significance of “breaching” social norms. Breaches tell us something important about what we take for granted, and if your sociological imagination is well-oiled, you can often learn something about the “how” and the “why” as well. A great deal of the social organization goes into the production of our experiences, identities, and opportunities is subtly disguised by these “whys” (or what are sometimes called “accounts”). Calvin’s incessant questioning of authority and social norms illuminates the social forces that guide our accounts surrounding a great deal of social life–subtly, but unmistakably, asking us to consider what we taken for granted, how we manage to do so, as well as why. This is a feature of some of the best sociological work—a feature that is dramatized in childhood. In Erikson’s treatise on sociological writing, he concludes with a wonderful description of an interaction between Mark Twain and a “wily old riverboat pilot.” Researching life on the Mississippi, Twain noticed that the riverboat pilot deftly swerves and changes course down the river, dodging unseen objects below the water’s surface in an attempt to move smoothly down the river. Twain asks the pilot what he’s noticing on the water’s surface to make these decisions and adjustments. The riverboat pilot is unable to explain, offering a sort of “I know it when I see it” explanation (interviewers know this explanation well). The pilot’s eyes had become so skilled in this navigation that he didn’t need to concern himself with how he knew what he knew. But both he and Twain were confident that he knew it. Over the course of their interactions, Twain gradually comes to learn more about what exactly the riverboat pilot is able to see and how he uses it to move through the water unhindered. This, explains Erikson, is the project of good sociology—“to combine the eyes of a river pilot with the voice of Mark Twain.” Through Calvin, Watterson accomplishes just this. Calvin offers us a glimpse of wonderful array of sociological ideas and perspectives in an accessible way. Watterson has a way of seamlessly calling our attention to the taken for granted throughout social life and his images and ideas are a great introduction to sociological thinking. I like to think that Calvin’s life, perspectives, antics, and waywardness help students call the systems of social inequality and the world around them into question, learning to see sociologically. Calvin is a great tool to help students recognize that they can question the unquestionable, to learn to problematize issues that might lack the formal status of “problems” in the first place. Watterson used Calvin to help all of us learn to see the ordinary as extraordinary–a worthy task for any sociology course.Tristan Bridges, PhD is a professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He is the co-editor of Exploring Masculinities: Identity, Inequality, Inequality, and Change with C.J. Pascoe and studies gender and sexual identity and inequality. You can follow him on Twitter here. Tristan also blogs regularly at Inequality by (Interior) Design. Consider the following scenarios:- Scenario:-1. The cookies in browser are set by application which is accessible over SSL (HTTPS). The same website(same domain) offers some functionality over HTTP, which is vulnerable to Cross Site Scripting (XSS). Can, an attacker obtain his cookies? Case:-1 Cookies are not marked secure by the application, so the browser sends it to http as well, hence, an attacker can obtain them through XSS Case:-2 Cookies are marked as secure, so the browser does not send them over HTTP, and hence an attacker can't get them through XSS on HTTP site. This answers the question, asked in the title. Secure cookies, are indeed secure. Scenario:-2 Cookie is set by website over HTTP(cookies not marked secure). The website over HTTPS is vulnerable to xss. Browser will send cookies to the vulnerable website (over SSL). An attacker can gain all cookies associated with this domain name. Hope this helps. 制蔬菜时盐浓度假诺过低,就不可以管用幸免微生物繁殖和蔬菜的透拳术能,从而不便民保绿。 一、变暴发的原故 用PH值较高的水(如井水)制蔬菜能更好地保全红色,不过PH值过高也会有矿物质C损失的题目,因而制蔬菜进程中,PH值也不或然过高,浸泡液最好保险在中性可能微酸性。 二、变的防备 制蔬菜保绿的点子 变要有氧化系统、氧气和可氧化物质的一头存在。如能防止那三者中的任何一个,即可抑制变的发生。 4非促变 3、对叶绿素变化而引起的变为预防变,在瓜果加工及收藏过程中要防止日光照射和空气氧化。 1酸度 1、对淀粉与糖功能的变糖与甲状腺素反应生成黑蛋白素,那与原材料中含基酸的花色有关。因而,在加工时应小心选取原料和操纵糖的过于转化,尽量降低加工及收藏环境的热度。对果汁来说,保持较低的PH值可有效地预防变。 2当即排出呼吸热 三、非变的防患 2、盐水浸中性盐类,如食盐、化等溶液也能下跌氧化系统的活性。由此,加工中可将果肉浸于1～2%的食盐溶液中。果、蜜类制品还可用化溶液浸,既可防变,又可增强硬度。 制进程中应该幸免蔬菜过度挤压叠放在一起,需求时即时查阅,避免蔬菜的呼吸热引起叶绿素脱美,造成蔬菜失绿。 4、护色液敬爱脱皮、切块后的水果可浸泡在护色液中,以切断空气,抑制的活性,幸免变,也可接纳抗坏血酸液浸泡。 1决定酸度 1、热处理在90～100°C的开水中拍卖10分钟,的活性就会丧失。故果品加工中一旦选拔沸水或蒸汽热处理即可预防变爆发。 4封池处理 2、对花青素变化而导致的变为防患那种变的暴发,在加工进程中要专注酸度的支配,同时防止长日子的高温处理,并防止选择相似金属器具。 在氧化成效下,蔬菜中包含的单宁物质、类被氧化后,会形成类物质,那种物质会使蔬菜失绿甚至变黑。 3、处理利用处理也可使得地幸免变,其艺术可使用烘房或密闭间点火举办。的用量约为每吨果品1～1.5公斤或每立方米容积200克、那种措施还利于保持果品中的果胶C。 青色素丧失是制蔬菜时普遍的题材之一,在询问制蔬菜保绿的法门和技巧从前,大家第一要驾,终归是哪些因素影响了制蔬菜的蓝色程度。 5、防止接纳金属器具铁、铜、、锡等金属离子,是的激活剂,会加紧变。因而,应采取木质或不锈钢用具。 PH值下落时,叶绿素失绿的经过会加紧,尤其是制蔬菜时叠放在一起暴发的呼吸热,会加深PH指的降落。 鲜果在加工进程中所暴发的变有两系列型。一种是出于的功用所引起的即果品社团中的单宁在的效率下氧化成黄色物质,称为变:另一种是在一贯不的涉企下,由于大体、化学等功效引起的,称为非变,即由某种化学反应所引起的变,如糖与含物质、有机酸物质的反射等。 盐浓度控制在10%到20%为最佳,太高的盐浓度会降低制蔬菜的人品,对食盐也是一种浪费,而盐浓度过低则不便民制蔬菜保绿。 可以在制蔬菜时方便添加一些护色剂,如叶绿素铜,添加0.07%到0.08%左右就能起到很好的保绿功能。 了然以上蔬菜失绿的成分之后,我们就能找到针对性的解决办法了: 5创设运用护色剂 3促变 3靠边控制盐度 制进度中蔬菜失绿的原由有何样? 2盐浓度 蔬菜中的还原糖、甲状腺素与粗纤维发生反应生成的葡萄糖,也是会造成蔬菜失绿的成分之一。 用大雪只怕河沙对制池举行封池处理,能管用隔离空气,并且幸免日光照射。那样的储藏条件下跌了蔬菜的氧化几率,从而能使制蔬菜保绿。 Se c'è una cosa che viene regolarmente subissata dalla riprovazione generale, è l'ozio, considerato una bestemmia in un mondo che ha fatto del lavoro la propria religione. E per lavoro non bisogna intendere solo la sofferenza cui siamo sottoposti per sbarcare il lunario, ma ogni sforzo ed ogni attività effettuati in nome dell'utile, del giusto, del vero, calcolati in vista di un tornaconto, di un riscontro, di un guadagno. Accade così che a disprezzare l'ozio siano non solo i sostenitori di un sistema produttivo "alla giapponese", per ovvi motivi, ma anche chi si oppone a tale sistema ed ai suoi valori di efficienza, velocità, produttività. Infatti la critica al lavoro sfocia difficilmente nell'apologia dell'ozio, che viene considerato ancora secondo la vecchia ottica cristiana come "padre di tutti i vizi". Del resto per avere un'idea della pessima fama di cui gode l'ozio, basterebbe dare un'occhiata ad un vocabolario e leggerne la definizione: "abituale e viziosa inerzia, per lo più dovuta a neghittosità, infingardaggine, scarso senso del dovere", ma anche "vita lussuosa e spensierata consentita dall'agiatezza economica". Queste definizioni hanno se non altro il merito di spiegare come l'ozio possa essere l'oggetto di una comune esecrazione: è disprezzato dagli sfruttatori perché danneggia il ritmo produttivo del capitale
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این خواستهی به حق رهبری یعنی مقاوم سازی اقتصاد، به نحو مطلوبی صورت پذیرد. Kayıt olarak bizim Kullanım şartları ve Bilgi koruma politikası sözleşmesini kabul ediyorsunuz. Bu kupon başka bir ürün için geçerli. Sizin %s% indirim ile aktif bir kuponunuz var: outdoor ePaper So is(s)t Italien ePaper GEO SAISON ePaper LandEdition Rezepte ePaper myself Magazin (D) ePaper BILD der FRAU ePaper Outdoor Fotografie ePaper Per la maggior parte dei bambini, Halloween è un momento per costumi, feste, dolcetto o scherzetto e mangiare caramelle. Le caramelle di Halloween sono eccitanti per ogni bambino, ma devono affrontare restrizioni di una dieta priva di glutine mentre Trick-or-Treating può essere stimolante e deludente per i bambini. E per coloro che soffrono di allergie alimentari, può essere semplicemente spaventoso, quindi qui è spiegato Halloween Trick and Treating, allergia sicura. Suggerisco di discutere anticipatamente l'esperienza per definire le aspettative per mantenere la serata divertente. Secondo i Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, le allergie alimentari tra i bambini sono aumentate del 50% tra il 1997 e il 2011. Otto alimenti rappresentano il 90% di tutte le reazioni allergiche alimentari: - latte - uova - arachidi - noci (noci, mandorle, anacardi, pistacchi, noci pecan ecc.) - grano - di soia - pesce e crostacei Che succede alle zucche verde acqua per Halloween? Cinque anni fa, FARE,un'associazione nazionale senza scopo di lucro dedicata alla ricerca e all'educazione delle allergie alimentari, creò il progetto Teal Pumpkin. L'idea è semplice: una zucca verde acqua sul tuo portico designa la tua casa come fornitrice di opzioni prive di allergeni per dolcetti o dolcetti. Le zucche di plastica verde acqua si possono trovare in molti negozi locali dove vengono vendute le decorazioni di Halloween. Considera di postare un cartello sulla tua porta e dipingere una zucca verde acqua per indicare che distribuirai cibi non alimentari e allergia. Che caramelle è sicura per Halloween quest'anno Per un elenco completo e aggiornato delle caramelle compatibili con gli allergeni e di altri dolcetti preconfezionati, consulta questo elenco su www.celiac.org. Ecco alcune altre grandi alternative: - Sacchetti confezionati di salatini privi di glutine - Piccoli giocattoli, adesivi, penne o matite – disponibili in grandi quantità da venditori come Oriental Trading - La maggior parte delle caramelle gommose - Gomma senza zucchero Confezioni confezionate in formato snack: - popcorn - Dolcetti di riso - Biscotti di marche prive di allergeni, come Enjoy Life Foods - Chips di mais - Patatine fritte Gluten-Free New England! I commenti sono chiusi. Horner'a göre Hamilton Mclaren'den ayrılıp Red Bull pilotu olarak yarışmak için birkaç defa girişimde bulundu. Horner Hamilton'un 2013'de Mercedes ile anlaşmaya varmadan önce 2011 ve 2012 yıllarında Red Bull adına yarışmak için girişimlerde bulunduğunu belirtti. Horner'a göre Sebastian Vettel'in takımdaki yerini koruması bu transferin gerçekleşmesini engelledi. Horner "Bizim takım için yarışmasına imkan yoktu. 2012'de geldi ve bizim için yarışmak istediğini söyledi. Ancak Sebastian Vettel takımdayken iki pilotu beraber deneyemezdik. Mercedes ile anlaşmaya varmadan önce de 2013 yılında Red Bull için yarışmaya çok hevesliydi." dedi. Horner Hamilton'un Mercedes ile anlaşmasında kendisinin de rol oynadığını ve Mercedes'in bu kadar dominant olacağını beklemediğini sözlerine ekledi. "Mclaren 2011 ve 2012 yıllarında çok rekabetçiydi. Ben de bu yüzden Hamilton'un Mercedes için yarışmasının bizim açımızdan daha yaralı olacağını düşünmüştüm. Mclaren'i zayıflatmak için Niki Lauda'yı Hamilton ile sözleşme imzalaması için cesaretlendirdim. Ancak Mercedes'in bu kadar güçlü bir takım olacağını hiç düşünmemiştim." La Mercedes suona la carica nel venerdì di Silverstone: davanti a tutti non c'è però l'idolo di casa, Lewis Hamilton, bensì il suo compagno di squadra, Valtteri Bottas, autore del miglior tempo sia nella prima che nella seconda sessione di prove libere del Gran Premio di Gran Bretagna 2017. Il momento di forma del pilota finlandese sembra continuare dopo la convincente vittoria in quel di Zeltweg settimana scorsa. 1'28"496 è il crono che è valso a Bottas la testa della classifica nelle FP2; staccato di soli 47 millesimi troviamo proprio Hamilton. Entrambi i piloti della scuderia di Brackley si sono dimostrati competitivi anche sul giro secco. I due piloti della Ferrari inseguono: Sebastian Vettel e Kimi Raikkonen hanno ottenuto il terzo e il quarto tempo di sessione, rispettivamente. Proprio Vettel è stato nella mattinata di oggi il primo pilota a provare lo Shield, il sistema di protezione della testa alternativo all'Halo. Il dispositivo sviluppato dalla società italiana Isoclima non sembra aver riscosso grande successo: Vettel lo ha provato solamente per un giro. Seguono Max Verstappen e Daniel Ricciardo, della Red Bull. Settima posizione per Nico Hulkenberg, della Renault, che ha preceduto il paulista della Williams, Felipe Massa, e Fernando Alonso. All'asturiano della McLaren - tanto per cambiare - verrà comminata una penalità la cui entità dipenderà dal numero dei componenti del motore sostituiti; Honda ha precisato che la decisione verrà presa dopo le sessioni di prove del venerdì. Completa la top ten Esteban Ocon, della Force India. Si sono posizionati immediatamente al di fuori della top ten i due alfieri della Toro Rosso, Carlos Sainz e Daniil Kvyat; seguono il messicano della Force India, Sergio Perez, e Romain Grosjean, in forza alla Haas Racing. Molto indietro rispetto al suo compagno di squadra è Lance Stroll, della Williams, solo quindicesimo; accusa la sconfitta nella lotta interna al team così come Stoffel Vandoorne, della McLaren, e il pilota della Haas, Kevin Magnussen. Nemo propheta in patria Jolyon Palmer, in grado di tenersi alle spalle solo Marcus Ericsson e Pascal Wehrlein. - +43 |Stephen Crane (1871-1900) was born in 1871 in Newark, New Jersey. He was educated at Lafayette College and Syracuse University. In 1891, he got a job as a freelance reporter, writing articles about the slums of New York. Without steady work as a reporter, Crane, himself, was a poor man and lived in The Bowery, New York's worst slum. This firsthand experience of poverty gave Crane the material he needed for his first novel, Maggie, a Girl of the Streets. It was a tragic story about a young prostitute who commits suicide. Crane used what little money he had to publish the book in 1893, using the pen-name Johnston Smith. Although it was not a commercially successful novel, the book received excellent critical reviews. |In 1895, Crane published his second novel, The Red Badge of Courage. It was a powerful and realistic psychological portrait of a young soldier fighting in the American Civil War. This novel brought Crane international recognition as a great novelist. He was one of the first American writers to work in the style known as Naturalism. Naturalism portrayed characters who were not in total control of their lives, but rather, were strongly affected by natural forces. These forces could be the internal emotions or personality conflicts of the characters themselves, or they could be external elements like the stormy sea in The Open Boat, or social situations, such as war in The Red Badge of Courage. Although Crane had never been a soldier himself, he worked as a war correspondent for several American and foreign newspapers. He reported on the war between Greece and Turkey in 1897, as well as on the Spanish-American War, fought between the United States and Spain, in Cuba and the Philippines in 1898. Just before the Spanish-American war broke out, Crane was shipwrecked while on an expedition to Cuba. This experience is the basis of The Open Boat. The character referred to in the story as the correspondent is most likely Crane himself. Sadly, Crane developed tuberculosis as a result of his weakened condition after the shipwreck. He died in 1900 at the age of 28. To work on a freelance basis, means to work independently of a particular company or organization. A freelance professional may work with different companies at the same time. Steady means secure and/or reliable. Steady work implies a full time job with a regular salary. Firsthand (all one word) experience, means experience that has happened to a person directly. The person has not learned about the experience from another. Compare this with second-hand (two words with hyphen), which means something, like a car, has been owned by somebody else before the new owner bought it. If something is tragic, it is very sad and causes a lot of problems for people who experience it. We often use tragic to describe a person's death, a car crash, a natural disaster (earthquake, volcano, etc). The noun is tragedy. Recognition, in this example, means being noticed by others and given credit for talent or hard-work. It should not be confused with the mean of recognition that is directly connected to the verb, recognize, which means to remember the face of a person when you see her/him. To portray is to represent an image or character, or sequence of events, in writing, theater or film. The noun is portrayal, which should not be confused with portrait, also a noun, which means a painting or photograph of a person's face. natural forces noun We use natural forces to describe the power of the elements: air, earth, fire and water. These descriptions are often related to disasters or difficulties caused by these elements. The Open Boat is a story of the struggle of four men against natural forces. A Correspondent is a person who is employed by a newspaper, magazine or TV company to provide reports or articles on a regular basis. They often work on a single subject, e.g. war correspondent, sports correspondent. broke out phrasal verb To break out is to begin suddenly. Here it means the beginning of a war. It is often used to talk about illness or physical condition (break out in a rash, break out in a sweat). Another common meaning is to escape: break out of jail. Tuberculosis (often called TB) is a serious disease of the lungs. 以我们人类来比较,山河大地都是庞然大物,然而在宇宙之中,“山河大地尚属微尘”,就连我们的地球,都仿佛是宇宙浩空间中的一粒“微尘”。在太阳系中太阳的体积是最大的,它的体积比太阳中最大的行星木星的体积还要大1000倍,而木星体积是地球体积的1300多倍,也就是说太阳可以装下130万个地球。在太阳系中太阳是绝对的老大,但是如果把太阳系放在银河系,你会发现太阳在银河系那些大哥恒星面前,可能连做小弟的资格都没有。 目前人类在银河系中发现最大的恒星是一颗叫做盾牌座UY的红巨星,它位于距离地球5100光年的盾牌座上,这个距离并没有超越银河系距离,因为银河系直径为10万光年,厚度也有2万光年,因此盾牌座UY才是银河系真正的巨无霸,根据科学家观测分析和计算,发现盾牌座UY的直径为24亿公里,是太阳直径的1800倍,周长为74亿公里,是已知体积最大的恒星,如果以光速绕盾牌座UY一圈需要7个多小时,而盾牌座的体积更是大到无法想象,据估计它的体积是太阳体积的50亿倍,也就是说可以装下整整50亿个太阳,由此可见盾牌座UY有巨大。 虽然盾牌座UY的体积是太阳体积的50亿倍,质量却仅为太阳质量的32倍左右,为什么会出现这种情况呢?因为盾牌座UY是一颗红巨星,红巨星就是恒星晚年即将进入死亡状态产生异常膨胀的一种天体,膨胀的体积是原来体积的100-200倍,虽然膨胀了,但是质量并没有变,因此它其实是一颗虚胖的恒星,这就是为什么盾牌座UY体积是太阳的50亿倍,质量却仅为太阳32倍。 Sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) WaterSense program, Fix a Leak Week is an opportunity to improve the water efficiency of your home by finding and fixing leaks. In the average home, household leaks waste more than 10,000 gallons of water each year. That’s the amount of water needed to wash 270 loads of laundry! Go to hwd.com/diy to get started. You’ll find four do-it-yourself projects complete with instructional videos: - How to check your water meter to find leaks - How to check your toilet for leaks - How to check your irrigation for leaks - How to check your swimming pool for leaks If you’re not ready to tackles these projects yourself, call a handy relative, plumber or irrigation specialist to help out. PPGI bobini çok yaygın bir metal çatı kaplama malzemesidir, bu makale size tam bilgi verir. PPGI Rulo Nedir? PPGI rulo, "boyalı galvanizli çelik rulo" anlamına gelir. Korozyon ve diğer hasar biçimlerine karşı koruyucu bir bariyer sağlayan, her iki tarafı bir boya tabakası ve astar ile kaplanmış bir metal bobin türüdür. PPGI bobini, çatı kaplama ve kaplama uygulamaları için popüler bir malzemedir. Otomotiv ve beyaz eşya endüstrileri, çeşitli bileşenlerin imalatı için PPGI bobinlerini kullanır. PPGI ruloları tipik olarak, daha sonra bir boya tabakası ile kaplanan ve dayanıklı, uzun ömürlü bir yüzey oluşturmak için yüksek sıcaklıklarda kürlenen sıcak daldırma galvanizli çelikten yapılır. Haddelenmiş metal şeritler, EN-10169-1 standardı gereğince organik kaplama malzemesi uygulamasında sürekli bir süreçten geçmektedir. Bu işlem sırasında metal yüzeyin her iki tarafında veya her iki tarafında temizlik ve kimyasal ön işlem gerçekleşir. Kaplama tozu veya boyanın tekli veya çoklu uygulamalarını içerir. Kaplamanın dayanıklılığını sağlamak için laminasyon ve plastik filmlerle kürleme yapılır. Boyalı Boya Rulolarının Profil Yapısı PPGI rulo, yıllar boyunca uzun ömürlü ve dayanıklı performans sağlar. Yöntem, metal yüzey üzerinde üniform temizleme, kaplama ve ön işlem sağlar. Son derece kontrollü kaplama işlemi, metal bobine aşağıdakileri içeren çeşitli sinerjistik katmanlar sağlar: - Son kat veya film laminat - Yapıştırıcı veya astar veya her ikisi - Ön arıtma - Metalik Kaplama (varsa) - Metal - Metal kaplama (varsa) - Ön arıtma - Yapıştırıcı veya astar veya her ikisi - Film laminat veya son kat Üst kaplamalar sıvı boya, film veya toz boya olabilir. Boyalı metallerde yüzde 90'ın üzerinde sıvı boya bulunur. Üreticiler, uygulamaya ve müşteri özelliklerine bağlı olarak kaplama katmanlarını özelleştirebilir. Alt tabaka ve üst kaplama kombinasyonu için ön işlem ve astarı seçmek bobin kaplayıcının işidir. Kaplama kalınlığı ince bir astar tabakası içerir, ancak çoğu kaplama son kattır. Bazı uygulamalarda kalın bir astar, yüksek yapılı bir poliüretan olabilir. Toplam kaplama kalınlığının yüzde 50'sini oluşturur. PPGI Bobin Üretim Süreci Bir bobin kaplama hattı, her hattın sonundaki şerit akümülatörleri kullanan bir işleme bölgesinde sabit bir hızda çalışır. Giriş bobin açıcıları, temizleme ekipmanı, astar kaplama, kimyasal ön işlem, kürleme, son kaplama, çıkış akümülatörü ve çıkış toplayıcıları kullanır. Kaplama hattının amacı, metal bobinleri bir boya tabakası veya diğer kaplama malzemeleri ile kaplamaktır. Bu süreç, metal ürünlerin dayanıklılığını, korozyon direncini ve estetik çekiciliğini sağlayan inşaat, otomotiv ve cihaz imalatında hayati önem taşır. Bobin kaplama hattının işlenmesi tipik olarak birkaç adım içerir. İlk olarak, metal bobinler temizlenir ve yüzey kirleticilerini gidermek ve yüzeyi kaplamaya hazırlamak için ön işlemden geçirilir. Ardından, yapışmayı ve korozyon direncini iyileştirmek için bir astar tabakası uygulanır. Astar daha sonra metale düzgün bir şekilde bağlanmasını sağlamak için bir ısıtma işlemiyle sertleştirilir. Astar sertleştikten sonra, metal bobinler bir son kat boya veya laminatlar veya yapıştırıcılar gibi diğer bitirme malzemeleri ile kaplanır. Ardından son kat uygulaması yapılır. Ürünün özel gereksinimlerine bağlı olarak rulo kaplama, sprey kaplama veya elektrostatik kaplama içerir. Metal bobinler bir ısıtma işlemi ile tekrar sertleştirilir. Bu adım, boya veya kaplama malzemelerinin metal yüzeye yapışmasını ve istenen düzeyde koruma ve dayanıklılık sağlamasını sağlar. Bobin kaplama hattının işlenmesi, geleneksel boyama yöntemlerine göre çok sayıda avantaj sunar. Metal bobinin tüm yüzeyi boyunca tekdüze olan tutarlı, yüksek kaliteli bir finisaj sağlar. Ayrıca, zorlu çevre koşullarına maruz kalan ürünler için gerekli olan mükemmel korozyon direnci ve dayanıklılık sağlar. Hangisi daha iyi PPGI Rulo veya PPGL Rulo? PPGI veya PPGL bobinlerinin daha iyi olup olmadığı, özel uygulamaya ve gereksinimlere bağlıdır. Farklılıklarını bilin: PPGI bobinleri, mükemmel korozyon direnci ve dayanıklılık sağlayan bir çinko kaplamaya sahiptir. Tipik olarak, sert hava koşullarına minimum maruz kalmanın olduğu iç mekan uygulamaları veya dış mekan uygulamaları için kullanılır. PPGL bobinler, üstün korozyon direnci ve dayanıklılık sağlayan çinko ve alüminyum kaplamalara sahiptir. Sert hava koşullarına maruz kalacağı dış mekan uygulamaları için uygundur. Alüminyum ayrıca çinkodan daha iyi ısı direnci sağlar, bu da onu ısı direnci gerektiren uygulamalar için iyi bir seçim haline getirir. Alüminyum çinkodan daha hafif olduğu için PPGL, PPGI'den daha hafiftir. Aynı kalınlıktaki alüminyum-çinko
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certain parts of Socotra is so unique and bizarre that it’s no wonder that such strange-looking trees sprouted from this ground. Socotra Archipelago, considered part of Yemen on the Arabian Peninsula, is dubbed the Galapagos of the Indian Ocean due to its spectacular biodiversity, according to a report from Metro. Its main island is also called Socotra, which is known to be so remote that a third of its plant species are found nowhere else on Earth. Botanists revealed that Socotra’s flora are among the ten most endangered in the world. There are many unusual flora dotting the 3,600-square-kilometer island, but none more eye-catching than the endemic dragon«s blood tree with its distinct alien shape. According to a report from the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) , the dragon»s blood tree, which has been around for 20 million years, bleeds a dark red resin that lent the plant its iconic name. The blood-like liquid, which seeps out of the tree when it’s cut, was used for medical purposes in the early Greek, Roman and Arab civilizations. Later in the 1700s, Italians used the it as a dye to stain wood for violins. Nowadays, its still occasionally sought for special photographic purposes. Another unique tree found in this island is the Adenium socotranum , which is described by Atlas Obscura as «elephants’ legs with pink flowers on top.» Several rare birds are endemic to Socotra such as Socotra starling , Socotra sunbird , and Socotra grosbeak . There are no mammals native to the island except for bats. According to a 2008 report from the New York Times, a team of biologists conducted a survey of the island’s flora and fauna in the 1990s and discovered that there were nearly 700 endemic species in the area. Unlike Galapagos though, Socotra has been inhabited for the past 2,000 or so years. Over 40,000 people live here, most of whom are fishermen and herders. The Nativity Explained: Bethlehem Bethlehem is the site of the most important event of the nativity, the place pointed to by the star in the east and ancestral home to Joseph. In this part of our series, we examine the place itself, its history, what the Bible tells us of it, and why it is that out of all the villages in all the provinces of all the empires in the entire world, God chose this one to be the birthplace of his one and only son. Description: The city is approximately 70km east of the Mediterranean sea, 10km south of Jerusalem, and 110km south of Nazareth as the crow flies. Its name literally translates as "house of bread". It existed before the Israelites came to the promised land, and until recently there was relatively little evidence that it was an Israelite city. However in 2012 a clay seal was found with ancient Hebrew on it that read "From the town of Bethlehem to the King", indicating that the city was a destination for tribute and taxes sent to the king. Significance: The city is the home of the tomb of Rachel, mother of Joseph and Benjamin. It was where Naomi was from and where she took Ruth back to. Most crucially, it was the home of Jesse, the father of David, as well as being the place where David was born and later anointed king, and the site of the well where soldiers bought water from while he was hiding in the cave of Adullam. There is clearly a rich history here, denoting a place of great Biblical importance. First Sighting: In terms of the Nativity, Bethlehem is cited as Jesus's birthplace on two separate occasions. Once in reference to the Magi, the other while discussing the shepherds. "After Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea, during the time of King Herod, Magi from the east came to Jerusalem" (Matthew 2, Verse 1) "...the shepherds said to one another, 'Let's go to Bethlehem and see this thing that has happened, which the Lord has told us about..." (Luke 2, Verse 15) Other verses point to the fact that Bethlehem was known to be a place of great importance. We have the prophecies from Micah which explain this. "But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, though you are small among the clans[b] of Judah, out of you will come for me one who will be ruler over Israel, whose origins are from of old, from ancient times... He will stand and shepherd his flock in the strength of the Lord, in the majesty of the name of the Lord his God. And they will live securely, for then his greatness will reach to the ends of the earth." (Micah 5, Verse 2,4) And we also have verses from the gospels which tell us that the people of the time were deeply aware of this prophecy. "When he had called together all the people's chief priests and teachers of the law, he asked them where the Messiah was to be born. 'In Bethlehem in Judea,' they replied, 'for this is what the prophet has written: '"But you, Bethlehem, in the land of Judah, are by no means least among the rulers of Judah; for out of you will come a ruler who will shepherd my people Israel." (Matthew 2, Verses 4-6) Does not Scripture say that the Messiah will come from David's descendants and from Bethlehem, the town where David lived?' (John 7, Verse 42) Explanation: The importance of the fulfilment of the prophecies about Bethlehem are crucial, because they confer further upon Jesus the royalty of his lineage, as well as his supernatural qualifications, and his position as the messiah. Both lineages of his birth provided by Matthew and Luke show Jesus to have been as part of a royal bloodline, through his mother and earthly father. This further connection to David, via his birthplace, piles on the significance of exactly who Jesus is and what he means to the people of Israel. There is also an important connection to the wider world here. Ruth was not an Israelite, she was a Moabitess, and not only was Bethlehem her adopted home, she was a direct progenitor of David. This was good for David, because it gave him the opportunity to shelter in Moab on one of his many moments on the run, but it also is even greater for us all. Jesus's connection to Ruth, both through bloodline and shared hometown, is an important sign that Jesus is not just a saviour for the Jews, but for all mankind. Bethlehem was an important choice for a birthplace also because it was lowly and small and supposedly insignificant. Although many great things of historical note happened there, none of them had made the city rich, and it was noted in Micah as such. Jesus coming from there shows us all that he is someone of all the people. He was not separated from anyone, and came from the lowest place to reach all and everyone. The occasion of his birth sees the lowest shepherds and the highest academics come together in solemn and joyous worship. It is apt therefore that he should be born in a town so royal, and yet so humble. Recent flooding England and Wales not due to more intense rainfall From a country-wide dataset over the period 1931- 2014 no significant trends in annual or seasonal precipitation totals can be distinguished from temporal variability. Winter precipitation increased from the 1960s to a maximum in the early 1990s, but has decreased since then, removing the significant upward trend reported previously by others. Previous reported negative trends for the summer season have been reversed since 2007, as all summers between 2007 and 2012 were anomalously wet, with 2007 and 2012 being the two wettest summers on record in this dataset. Also, no significant trends of changes in rainfall intensity have been found between 1931 and 2014. The flooding events over the last years do not seem to be related to changes in the magnitude of the daily rainfall accumulations. It is the frequency of multi-day precipitation accumulations that has changed: four recent years (2000, 2007, 2008 and 2012) have a greater number of extreme events in the 3- and 5-day accumulations than any previous year in the record. It is the duration of precipitation events in these years that is remarkable, rather than the magnitude of the daily accumulations. The extreme precipitation periods occurred in different seasons for each of these years (autumn 2000, summer 2007, spring 2008, summer/autumn 2012), suggesting a similar behaviour throughout the year with more extremes on the multi-day accumulation scale in the recent years. Source: De Leeuw et al., 2016. International Journal of Climatology 36: 2823-2836. Photo: S. Rae (www.flickr.com) 代表博雷尔,奥里利亚克修道院院长杰拉尔德写信给在莱姆斯的戈尔伯特,问道"什么样的人路易斯是,他是否是准备指挥法国军队帮助博雷尔。”戈伯特答道,“没有必要问我们第一个问题,因为,正如萨勒斯特所说:“所有对可疑的事情进行法律咨询的人都必须免于愤怒,仇恨,还有同情。”正如我们将看到的,路易斯刚刚指控阿达贝罗大主教犯有叛国罪。他们开始谈论天气,拜罗伊特,马丁的”退休”和玛丽亚的滑的渴望一样。狮子座赞美玛丽亚在她对安娜和承认significance-if不是魅力及其美貌上这首歌已经失去了他,当他听了马丁和玛丽亚讨论其更大的意义,他几乎忘记他在这里做什么。他记得他之前见过的样子痛苦和破坏性,他年轻的时候,爱上了音乐,和学习的艺术作品如何有时变异或进化成其他同样美丽的作品。的小屋被夕阳的青铜灯,Leo提出的主题手稿。 她一直盯着所有的她被自己以某种方式应该占据空间。她认为国会7美元的工资,500年查扣,远远超过她的整个家庭的最豪华的部分位置。现在她不太确定。在托莱多康复,他几乎忘记了自然的恶臭,但它匆忙回来。他摸着自己的下巴,这是指着他的鼻子。现在美国准备再次入侵维吉尼亚,这一次从北方而不是西方。 你应该适应好了,”连长说。”你记住我的话,Sergeant-when天气清除,这方面将运动早期以来。”””我希望如此,先生,”马丁说。在早期,南方已经做了所有的在这方面。想逃离这个麻木绝望,他回到了歌剧。这一点他避免它,担心它会灌输他悲痛欲绝的渴望,测试和可能超出任何理智的界限。但在一个下雪的晚上在1960年近一百年后的第二天他第一次听到it-succumbing更深的直觉,他去见特里斯坦在大都会歌剧院。 在这里,格伯特同时代的,希尔德斯海姆的伯恩,在祭坛上放一本书,象征性地将它呈现给圣母玛利亚(手稿中正面的页上显示)。这幅图来自十三世纪的土耳其手稿,亚里士多德教他的学生如何使用星盘,中世纪最受欢迎的天文仪器。格伯特在加泰罗尼亚时似乎学会了如何制作和使用星盘,一定是在莱姆斯教的。Nothin'但边线球的死是为了好玩,都是。””最近的士兵碰巧Hipolito罗德里格斯。索诺拉的壮的小农民从国家织补袜子,一个有用的军人的技能不教基本训练。从他的工作和他抬头说,”整个战争,不要对我来说没有任何意义。 不知道。”士官在他的黑暗皇帝比尔胡子。”狗,你希望他们去告诉我们的东西吗?我所知道的是,我听到了警,我拼命跑。”他着胡子。”对占星家来说,那一年的6月17日是太阳经过双子座的最后一级星座的日子,哪个是“房子的行星之家的理论在《金刚梦》中有所解释。还有就是格伯特对去特里尔的路上的洪水的抱怨。天气好转的希望被物理学家打破了,“他写道。他可能是故意的。手稿的最后一页上刻着一个和尚在1014年为自己设计的星座。阿德玛用来计算他的星座的方法——贯穿整个阿尔拉蒙娜教导的方法——并不依赖于对恒星的研究,但是在一个人的名字上加上数字。 此外,它有一个弹孔,同样的,飞机的可能。他发出一声叹息。”阿门,”中士十字架说。”想知道当他们开始bringin“黑鬼部队进入,”Pinkard说。”不介意的,我告诉你。几位年轻军官和几个老男人在商业西装,在试图搭的方式从纽约。就像她在这种情况下,她礼貌但坚决地遥远。他们中的大多数可能是民主党人,犹太人和几乎没有可能。 但是最好参考一本关于占星学的书。包含阿拉伯语单词的最古老的拉丁手稿是事实上,一本关于占星学的书。现在在巴黎,这是一本相当薄的小书,用新皮革装订。羊皮纸是灰白色的,上面有色的色字母,没有区别大写字母,本来应该涂成红色的,不见了。突然,中途,文字变得更小了,节省空间。给某人的袖条纹,听大嘴巴。”但他是他喝者咖啡都忍不住笑了。他知道多长时间他说同样的事情。他只是不能阻止自己做它。然后,平,严厉的,unemphatic刘海,美国火炮开始炮击的海沟Pinkard和他的同志们护的地方。 他是一个瘦,精确的小pissweed一直前职员征兵局派他感应的信。他是,目前,一个瘦小的,准确地说,受伤的小pissweed:他举起左手来显示一个整洁的弹孔在大指和食指之间的肉。血从伤口滴。”我真的应该得到这个见过,你不觉得吗?”””去吧,去吧。”Pinkard把他大部分的注意力转回到洋基。他不能告诉确定得分的。大量的子弹在空中。并不是所有的洋基在下降,因为他们一直在拍摄,要么。很多人在爬下去,这样他们可以提前,利用盖壳孔和灌木。有时,一些美国士兵将发出一个赤裸裸的步枪射击最近的槽线的延伸。这将使南方放下他们的头,让洋基队的伙伴前进。 球体的观星管不同于器官管道的尺寸相同,“Gerbert注意到,暗示他和君士坦丁也讨论了他关于管风琴的论文,君士坦丁会非常感兴趣的:他被称为杰出的音乐家。”戈伯特建议奥里利亚克修道士向他咨询一下学习音乐和演奏风琴,“添加,“我会确保我不能完成的工作由君士坦丁来完成。”“毫不奇怪,君士坦丁还收集了关于星盘的信息。他似乎有迷惑的后来归于格尔伯特的论文不教如何构造仪器,但是只有如何使用一个。”他可能已经从格尔伯特那里收到了。””不是事实吗?”以挪士热切地表示赞同。”我在河密西西比河上的监视器和伯兰。我知道是多么的难。”””的龟舰队,”Sturtevant表示善意的笑水手的海洋海军预留给内地同行。 你是如何?”””我的middlin,”他回答说。”你是如何,提多吗?”耶罗波安是一个更安全的比他自己的名字。西皮奥,他有一个价格在他的头上。邦联政府和南卡罗来纳州政府都挂他如果他们抓到他。但degummint。””提多了。”也许是这样,耶罗波安。也许是这样。他们今天做一个法律说一件事,他们另一个明天,说别的东西。” 就他而言,美国人除了吃虫在他和其他加拿大人的一切他们占领的土地花了冲击generations-building。无论他们留下的碎片,加拿大人可以保留。他的嘴扭曲并不是一个微笑。你会知道这都是什么,然后。”””我希望如此,先生,”马丁回答。”你应该适应好了,”连长说。”你记住我的话,Sergeant-when天气清除,这方面将运动早期以来。” 他们周围。爆炸Pinkard试图撕裂空气的肺部和打击他的耳朵。弹片球和幅度壳壳的碎片。他旁边躺在洞里刮下的海沟,中士交叉喊道:”无论如何这不是气。”””是的,”Pinkard说。但是她没有告诉他停止,要么。随着格林维尔的很大一部分,南卡罗来纳,都在白色和black-Scipio花了周日下午在城市公园看黑人南方联盟军队的新兵练习行进和反转广的草地上。”何,耶罗波安!”叫过一个彩色的工作人员在同一纺织厂西皮奥也是如此。”你是如何?”””我的middlin,”他回答说。” 一个是修理束腰外衣,使用针线和马丁一眼就可以看到是什么特别的技能。几个睡着了,在子里滚。人是清醒的给了马丁浏览一遍。他是一个陌生人,所以怀疑的对象,在一个干净的制服,所以更加怀疑的对象。他看着这两人,了。越早他适合自己计划的事情,对每个人都越好。”””是的,先生,”蒂尔登拉塞尔说。”你跟我来,中士。这不是太远了。” 到底他们认为他们要做的好?他们会杀了我们几个人致残更多,这将会
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环有无移位或长进子宫肌层,确定后再选择取环方式。 2、取环后需要注意会阴的卫生,两周内禁同房,要多注意休息,尽量不做重体力活动,多食富含优质蛋白的食物 。 3、取环后出现阴道出血量多,或出血淋不尽超过半个月的,可要及时返院复查。 我是妇产科曾医生,如果你想了解更多的孕产、育儿和妇科常识,欢迎你关注哦,若有疑惑,欢迎私信咨询或在评论区留言,空闲之余一一回复,祝平安健康! 用户回答8: 如果已经绝经了,建议在半年后取出节育环,而且节育环也是有一定的时间期限的,并不能一直放置在体内。 55岁了,节育环要去掉吗?在体内会有什么影响? 金属材质的节育环可以放8~10年,塑料材质可以放3~5年,有一些用药物的,可能放一年就需要取出更换。所以,55岁了先要考虑:体内的节育环是否已经到了使用期限,需要不需要及时取出?节育环放置时间长,可能会有出血的现象,如果出血量多的话需要药物止血。 1、腰酸、腹坠的现象 有些节育环放置时间过长,或者是节育环的位置偏低,这样可能会引起腰酸、腹坠的情况,有些吃药物能缓解,但没有效果的话,建议更换新的节育环。 2、节育环顿 如果节育环放置时间过长,有些可能已经到子宫颈中间,较短的可能可以用拉环出来,但有些深的,需要先扩张宫颈,再做手术取出。 3、节育环脱落 长时间放置,有些节育环会自然脱落。而且有的防止不到位或制作材料差的,可能也会早些脱落掉。有的女性运动量大或月经量过多,都有可能造成节育环自然脱落。 除此之外,长时间放置节育环,还可能会出现妇科疾病、月经量过多或损伤其他器官,这些都是需要考虑在内的。 取出节育环前要做哪些准备? 建议做妇科检查,了解下节育环位置以及具体情况。有些情况可能会在女性的宫颈上,很难取出,要先观察后再做打算。 医学上建议:绝经半年后取出节育环,并在之后做相关检查,密切观察身体变化。 用户回答9: 妈妈在47岁的时候取出了生育环,因为经常性的腰疼、肩膀疼,有时和会肚子不舒服的原因,家中长辈说可以把“环”取了,这样对于身体也好点,就这样取出了生育环,取出后身体健康也有了很大的提升。也就说“节育环”取出宜早不宜迟。 节育环这个东西,目的是为了避孕,如果已经绝经,根本就不会再有怀孕的可能性,那么节育环在体内的使命就完成了,哪怕没有什么不舒服的,也不建议继续把它留在体内,最好是取出来。 因为在绝经之后,女性的卵巢功能衰竭,激素水平降低,随着时间的推移,子宫卵巢都会开始逐渐萎缩。而节育环的大小不会改变,子宫萎缩了,宫腔空间变小,就可能会导致节育环顿,甚至子宫穿孔。 从生理结构上来说,绝经后子宫就会萎缩,宫颈口也就变窄。刚绝经就应该迟快把环取出来,拖得越久越难取出。假如不取出来,子宫萎缩了,但节育环不会因为子宫缩小而变小,会出现子宫异位、粘连,甚至避孕环入子宫的问题,还可能使得节育环顿到壁层里去,更严重的甚至还可能会撑破子宫壁逸出到子宫外面,使得取出环变得更加困难。 这时候的节育环没有避孕的作用了,已经是一个异物了,容易引起腰部的酸痛下坠感、白带异常等,应在绝经后将这个异物取出。 这是很多上了节育环的女性都会遇到的问题,当进入更年期,月经连续一年没有时即表明已经绝经。对于进入这一时期的女性,如果以前放置了节育环,就应当及时取出来,不然有可能会给身体带来一些不必要的麻烦。 节育环的主要作用是避孕,是通过干扰受精卵正常着床而起作用的,相当于占据了子宫腔的位置,使受精卵无法在子宫中“安家”而达到阻止妊娠的作用。因此,对育龄期的女性来说,放置节育环是一种简单、方便、可靠的避孕措施。 随着年龄的增大,女性进入更年期,由于卵巢功能的退化,无法排出成熟的卵子,不可能再受孕,同时激素水平也不足以支撑子宫内膜的生长与脱落,最直接的表现就是月经乱直至绝经,彻底失去生育功能,女性绝经年龄平均在45-55岁之间。 节育环是育龄妇女常用的避孕手段,在我国有大约45%的妇女都选择放置节育环进行避孕。而节育环取出的难度跟患者的卵巢功能状况有密切关系。临床上常见的取节育器失败原因主要是患者的卵巢功能衰退,激素水平下降,宫颈会发生萎缩而变硬,弹性降低,扩张比较困难。因此对于围绝经期后需要取出节育环的妇女而言,随着年龄增大、卵巢功能逐渐退化,会导致取环困难度逐渐加大,因此取节育环“宜早不宜迟”。 用户回答10: 在女性宫内放置节育环是一种非常有效的避孕手段,而且如果女性想再次怀孕,只要还能排卵,就可以取掉节育环再次妊娠,希妈认识一个朋友,本来已经上环了,但前几年二胎开放,想想年纪还不算太大就取环调理了一段时间,后来顺利生了二胎。 55岁了,节育环要取掉吗? 55岁正常情况下已经没有再孕的需求了,而且女性绝经期在45-55岁之间,子宫变小,卵巢功能萎缩,也很难有怀孕的可能性这个时候节育环已经丧失了它的功能(避孕),是该结束使命,将它取出来了。 如果不取出会对身体造成什么影响? 有些人节育环在体内根本没有什么感觉,所以就会忘掉它的存在,导致绝经多年都没有取环;还有的是担心取环疼痛,取环以后身体变差,也不敢去取环。 其实不取环对身体是有伤害的,包括如下方面: 1.节育环有自己的使用寿命 一般,不锈钢金属环可放15~20年;硅胶、塑料或其他类型节育环可放置5~7年。超过时间,节育环会发生磨损、形状改变,对人体存在潜在威胁。我们都知道车辆不能超期服役,达到强制报废年限必须报废,节育环也一样。 2.容易造成妇科炎症 节育环毕竟是身体内的异物,不取出来容易导致盆腔、宫颈、阴道等部位产生炎症,对女人来说属于“难言之隐”。 3.容易发生顿 女性绝经以后子宫会萎缩越来越小,节育环就会到子宫肌层里去,到时候想取出来就比较困难。 所以,女性在发现自己绝经后的一年之后,就该考虑取环事宜,而不是觉得身体没有感觉就假装这个环不存在。 曾经看过一个新闻,一位女士想取出自己10年前放置的节育环,却发现环根本不在子宫里,而是在腹腔。 所以,如果已经55岁了,是很有必要把节育环取出来的,而且现在有无痛取环,一个小小的手术,也不用太紧张。 你好,我是希妈,一名高级育婴师,家有7岁女宝,欢迎关注我,获取更多实用的育儿知识。 用户回答11: 女性到了55岁了,已经绝经的,节育环有必要取出吗?答案当然是有必要。 婆婆家一个邻居年纪挺大的,这次回去听到她们在聊节育环的事情,就坐在旁边听了起来,原来她前几天刚从医院回来,医生说她节育环放置体内太长时间了,节育环已经和子宫肌层的组织黏连在一起了,需要手术才能去取出,让她受了不少罪。 正常情况下,女性绝经之后,卵巢的功能就会下降,子宫也会逐渐开始萎缩变小,但是放置在女性身体里面的节育环,并不会因此而改变状态大小,相反因为放置的时间过长,节育环可能受到挤压,还可能会粘连在子宫壁上,严重的还会进入到子宫肌层,甚至扎破子宫壁的皮肤,这对女性来说伤害也会非常大的,而且随着女性年龄变大,子宫变小,就更难取环了,还可能给女性身体带来更大的伤害。 除此之外,节育环分为很多种,每一种都是用不同材质制作而成的,它们所能存放的年限也是各不同的,比如金属环的存放时间是20年;橡胶环存放时间是7-10年;铜套T型环存放时间是10-15年。 还有就是节育环是一种被很多女性使用的广泛装置,虽然不能达到百分之百的避孕装置,但是避孕效果能达到百分之九十,而且是一种很方便的避孕方式。但是如果到了取环的时间一拖再拖还没有取出的话,对女性的身体伤害也是很大的。 到了时间女性不取环,对身体有什么伤害? 月经不调 如果放置节育环之后,对女性的身体也是会有一定影响的,在绝经前可能会有月经不调的迹象,通常表现为月经时间不长,出血量少且颜色发黑等。如果阴道出现了不规则出血,或是每次的月经量都比不规律,最好到医院检查,必要时放弃这种避孕方式。 子宫穿孔或和子宫壁长在一起 女性绝经之后身体分泌的激素就会变少,子宫也会逐渐萎缩,可是放置在女性身体里面的节育环不会因此改变大小,时间长了节育环就会穿过子宫肌层,甚至和子宫壁长在一起,这对女性的伤害是很大的,而且如果要取环的时候也会增加困哪程度,女性也需要受到更大的伤痛。 容易引发妇科炎症 女性的子宫对于女性来说是一个很重要的部位,而原本好好的身体突然要放置一个异物进去,难免会出现一些不适应的反应,可能比较不太敏感的人并不能感受到,但如果等到身体反应出来症状的时候已经是比较严重的了,尤其是容易引发女性一些妇科病之类的,所以如果到了时间,就该去取环了。 我是饭饭妈一个集“十八般武艺”于一身的妈妈,在育儿的道路上摸索出了各种育儿心得,也有了一套自己的带娃技巧,如果你在育儿过程中遇到的任何问题,欢迎随时和我一起探讨一起解决,临走时别忘了关注我,么么。 Quanto si guadagna come Produzione e manifattura presso Synergie a Italia? Lo stipendio medio mensile in Synergie varia indicativamente da €495 per un lavoro da Macchinista a €1.600 per una posizione da Addetto/a al taglio. La retribuzione oraria media in Synergie varia indicativamente da €2,00 per un lavoro da Addetto/a assemblaggio a €8,63 per una posizione da Addetto/a alla produzione. Le informazioni sugli stipendi provengono da 92 dati raccolti direttamente da dipendenti, utenti, e annunci di lavoro presenti su Indeed negli ultimi 36 mesi. Ti preghiamo di notare che i valori indicati per i salari sono approssimazioni basate su informazioni condivise da terzi con Indeed. Questi valori sono offerti agli utenti di Indeed per il puro scopo di poter fare un confronto generico. Il salario minimo potrebbe variare in base alle competenze del candidato; consigliamo di consultare direttamente il datore di lavoro per conoscere il valore esatto. ABD'nin Orta Menzilli Nükleer Kuvvetler Anlaşması'ndan (INF) çekildikten sonra yaptığı denemelerin ardından Rusya'dan flaş bir yanıt geldi. Rusya Devlet Başkanı Putin, Dışişleri ve Savunma bakanlıklarına olası tehditleri analiz etmeleri çağrısı yaparken, orduya da gerekli karşılıkların verilmesi için hazır olun emri verdi. Rusya lideri Putin, ordu yetkililerinden, ABD'nin bu haftanın başında denemesini yaptığını açıkladığı seyir füzesine karşı ‘her türlü önlemi içeren’ için hazırlık yapmalarını istedi. Rus Sputnik yayın kuruluşunun haberine göre; Putin, bu açıklamayı Rusya Güvenlik Konseyi üyeleri ile yaptığı görüşmenin ardından yaptı. Rusya lideri, ABD'nın denemesini yaptığı füzenin, Orta Menzilli Nükleer Kuvvetler Anlaşması (INF) ile yasaklanmış bir silah olduğunu belirtti. Putin deneme esnasında MK-41 fırlatma sisteminin kullanıldığını hatırlatarak, bunun yürürlükte olduğu dönemde söz konusu anlaşmanın Washington tarafından ihlal edildiğinin delili olduğunu vurguladı. Putin, “Bu fırlatma sisteminin kullanılmış olması, Rus tarafının zamanında ABD'ye yöneltmiş olduğu ihlal suçlamalarının ne denli haklı olduğuna işaret ediyor” dedi. İlgili Galeriler Newswise — Fathers’ Day is something of an empty holiday in many urban communities where men are often disconnected from family life, but social workers can make a difference against those odds, according to an expert on fathering at the University of Chicago’s School of Social Service Administration. “We need to encourage dads to be involved in their children’s lives, even if they aren’t present on a daily basis in their children’s homes. They can learn how to help care for infants and be available as their children grow up,” said Waldo E. Johnson Jr., Associate Professor in the School of Social Service Administration and a leading national researcher on fathering. “Social work, as a profession, has not been as active in engaging fathers in family life as it should be,” he said. “Some young men become fathers too early and do not connect with their children. There exists another set of fathers who are divorced. If they start new families, they often don’t engage with their children as much from their first family.” In addition to helping mothers with financial issues within the family, fathers need support in assuming other critical child development concerns, he said. Johnson has authored numerous articles on fathering and teaches a class on how social workers can help men be better fathers. Johnson also has collaborated to develop a curriculum on healthy African American masculinity that supports a range of healthy paternal roles. Available nationally for professors and social and youth workers, the course examines how societal and personal expectations shape boys’ understanding of masculinity, which affects how they approach adult roles like fatherhood. Students at SSA do field placements at agencies, in which they work with mothers and fathers on improving their parenting skills. The problem of low rates of paternal engagement is particularly acute for young black fathers, who may face multiple challenges associated with poverty, neighborhoods with high crime rates, and an early transition to fatherhood. According to the most recent U.S. Census figures on males who had never married, about one in five (22.2 percent) black fathers, age 15 to 54, lived with all of their biological children, compared with two in five (41.3 percent) white, non-Hispanic males. Johnson contends that violence in cities often stems from a lack of fathering support. He is leading a research project to study, in particular, the beating death of 16-year-old honor student who was confronted by other teens last year on his way home from a South Side Chicago school. “That tragedy was very much about a lack of fathering support to young males who perceive daily threats, not only to their developing masculinity, but to their lives,” Johnson said. “Premature death due to avoidable health concerns as well as homicide, incarceration and the loss of economic opportunities have contributed to the departure of men in that neighborhood (and similar other neighborhoods) who are not around to monitor individual and community behaviors that force boys to grow up too soon. As a result, the boys have to establish their own ideas about what a man should be, and that makes them adapt a reactive, non-caring response in order to navigate through the dangers they face,” he said. Johnson has suggested several ways in which social workers can become part of their families and more effective members of their communities: • Female social workers should not immediately negatively judge men’s capacity to be fathers and should encourage single mothers to involve their children’s fathers. • Fathers who live apart from their children should be informed of developments in the home that potentially threaten their children’s safety and be provided an opportunity to take custody prior to removal into foster care. • Family support programs should take a gender-neutral approach to parenting enhancement that also will expand the range of paternal roles for fathers. • Men should be encouraged to look for ways they can show caring support to their children, in addition to providing materially for them to experience a broader range of effective fathering and parenting. “We must provide opportunities for these young men to see and embrace healthy notions of masculinity and fatherhood,” Johnson said. Among the students who have studied in Johnson’s fatherhood and public policy classes at
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used to be absolutely sure of identification between the species are the ripe seeds... However from your first pic, IMG00038, it looks like this plant is showing signs of fasciation too. In this case the stem has flattened and is producing many more flowers than normal especially at the tip of the inflorescence as can be seen here, although they can cause a myriad of wierd and wonderful shapes. Fasciation is generally a naturally occuring phenomena, this website gives more info on causes. They are quite extraordinary things and utterly fascinating! Narrator: This is Science Today. The Agricultural Sustainability Institute at the University of California, Davis was established a few years ago to promote the vitality of agriculture in the Golden State, for both producers and users. Kate Scow, deputy director of the institute, says the concept is sustainability of the agricultural system. Scow: We do this through integrating programs in research, education, and communication and we're hoping to contribute quite a lot to early action on emerging issues in the state surrounding agricultural sustainability. Narrator: Scow says one of the issues is climate change, and how it's impacting California agriculture, which produces more than half of the nation's fruits, nuts and vegetables. Scow: So, we're looking for possible management tools that farmers can make decisions about, how much nutrients to put on and water and looking at the interactions between these two types of inputs and how best to optimize yields without depleting these resources too much. Narrator: For Science Today, I'm Larissa Branin. API汽油和精炼油库存双降美油跌幅收窄至1% 2019-06-21 16:14 来源:安徽省律师协会 但是船长不是唯一一个好奇Byndarites的意图。和第一个官才变得更加好奇皮卡德下令降低盾牌。瑞克,这意味着只有一件事。有人喜气洋洋的。你知道的,兄弟。你欺骗了我们,当你说你将调查Kahless的担忧。我想知道为什么。”””是的,”克隆补充道。”除非你是一个同谋者自己。 到那时,Starad已经拔出了首,平衡在他的左手。很明显他打算做什么。看到他没有时间浪费了,Kahless突进尽可能快速而有力could-closing它们之间的距离的首不能扔。皱眉,Starad把他的刀片在拦截他的敌人。但就这一次,他太缓慢。在一个连续的运动,Kahless推力剑深入年轻人的身边,跟着他的肩膀,降低Starad像一大树烧荒盛宴。他站在Kurn-hardly事故。Worf年代的弟弟没看克隆。但在他看来,船长的反射可以看到燃烧的学院。Kurn下巴握紧,在他的情绪翻滚。”很明显,”州长说,软但危险的声音,”阴谋是真实的。 一个女性,尤其强劲,将处理更糟。””Kelleinlong-nailed手指通过他的头发。”但是你会回来在增长。”这不是一个问题。”和你无法支付Molor他应有的敬意?”他问,抑制他的烦恼尽其所能。这个男人再次吞下,比以前更加困难。”因为我们没有。”他又舔了舔干燥的,干裂的嘴唇上。”你必须知道它就像过去两年。首先,随后的干和荒。 你确定你在做什么,雷吉吗?”””积极的。和不讲座请。”””无论如何,”是他哥哥的生硬地回答。然后调用断开连接。交通又开始移动,和雷吉不禁想想他的生命会改变一次竞选活动开始了。你太忙了。你应该得到一些乐趣。什么会痛,只要你采取一切防范措施,以确保你安全吗?吗?此刻,她是安全的。泰伦斯这个人的电话号码,和酒店绝对是一个受人尊敬的。这是她选择的,不是他。 我打赌他们有足够吃,然后一些。纳,谁坐在Kahless右翼,wi/增加地点了点头。”我打赌你是对的。他们的位置在这个广泛的古老的河流在干必须帮助他们。”“可以休息一下。”“我们走进旅馆。地板被盖住了。米色瓷砖,六张满是毛的椅子被围住了桌子。有几位旅馆客人就座,读书报纸,饮咖啡。Curt说,“他们不只是要给我们房间号码。 克林贡仍比他的哥哥,瘦长的支持船长了解什么是他们的母亲的家庭。当他们进入花园站的岩石,与短Kurn交谈在明亮的阳光下,粗壮克林贡语,突出的额头很容易他最与众不同的特征。两人都穿着庄严的长袍,这给了他们一个傲慢的权威。”Kahless肩。”告诉我,在我流血你的家具和你的女人,”他指示。了一会儿,校长似乎把他当回事。然后他微笑回来。”好了——我将荣幸地成为第一个将叶片与你。””喜气洋洋的,克隆拳头的一声变成Rajuc的肩上。” ”皮卡德看到Kurn的同伴接近他们,好像被他的线索。他斜头respectfully-though黑暗,深陷的眼睛明显Kahless吸引超过Worf或船长。”这一点,”Kurn说,”Rajuc,Inagh的儿子,尊敬的校长这个学院。你会发现他是一个亲切的主持人。””Rajuc笑了,显示他的短,锋利的牙齿。”繁文节?”她问。”货完整,”他说。”我能为你做什么,迪安娜吗?”””它是关于亚历山大,”她告诉他。” Lomakh似乎没有任何不必要的注意。很显然,他们一直小心足以避免猜疑。完成他们的食物,克隆所预测的一样好吃,他们给Lomakh足够的时间让自己稀缺。当我们回头看的时候,它是令人恶心的,但他们正在奔跑,但是跌倒在中间。他们苍白的皮肤在神秘的直线上裂开,撕裂的痕迹慢慢地延伸,四个在一起。手臂脱落了,一束长头发和一部分头皮。血散发了空气,所以短暂的一切都发生在红色的湖上。于是他们尖叫着,声音太可怕了,我紧紧地抓住了一树,希望我无法听。 我看到了另一个男人的眼睛里的恐惧,白色在月光下闪闪发光。我看到周围的手松开了他们的握柄,我自由地向前拉。波莉就在后面,支撑着贝娜。当我们回头看的时候,它是令人恶心的,但他们正在奔跑,但是跌倒在中间。他们苍白的皮肤在神秘的直线上裂开,撕裂的痕迹慢慢地延伸,四个在一起。手臂脱落了,一束长头发和一部分头皮。没有理由没有缴税,”Kahless隆隆作响。他可以看到村长畏缩。”但我不会准确的惩罚,”他说,包含在Starad,”没有索求了。””村民们看着彼此,不可思议,Kahless哼了一声。”不依赖于下一个收集器的如此宽容,”他补充说,他的山在一个紧,圆欢腾。 真的,这是一个严酷的落后的地方,在很大程度上没有被现代文明侵扰。生命会有惩罚,和奖励。但至少他和Kellein是安全的从暴君的仇恨。幸运的是,他们可能会发现一些衡量幸福的在一起。如果他们真的是幸运的,如果古神笑了笑,孩子永远不会知道Molor名称。和一个长,艰巨的追逐它。但最终,他们已经把他们的猎物。徒们在高的山Uhq'ra山脉,警断目标和焦躁不安的两倍。坐在皇帝的力量,Kahless听他咬牙切齿山短黄色象牙而他认为敌人。逆风时,他品尝他们的气味。他的鼻子立刻就红了惊喜。 然后他才意识到他们已经下降到一个缓坡下方。在越来越多的季节,这片土地将被洪水没。现在,这是干燥的。Kahless发现他还是把握Kellein用他的另外一只手的手腕。收紧他的掌控,他怒视着她,他的脸只英寸低于她的。在深深呼吸,他觉得好像恢复了他表面上的一些wine-dimmed感官。一条泥土路之间开始在他的脚下,扭曲的居心测地黑暗,固执的存储的建筑,然后通过据点的打开大门之外的道路。Kahless见了培养tran'nuc树成长道路和河岸之间,和甜,紫色水果,靠大量手的黑色树枝。Vathraq没有服役trannuc水果,因为它还没有成熟,也不被几个星期。 这一点,很显然,是领头的村庄。其领导人。这是他Kahless将他的要求。”在协议Worf哼了一声。”远离的阴谋或死。””Kahless回头看着他们。” 记得。三十六柯特看见里德一家从另一头走来。走廊的这家人看起来很高兴。简明承认罗伯特从他的驾驶执照照片上看到了。当他看到罗伯特和一个女人和两个孩子在一起,他知道肯定这就是我们一直在寻找的家庭。我们决定一辆车,和博瑞尔把她野马在595年堵塞通道的出口道。伯勒尔呼吁备份在离开饭店之前,我寻找一个巡洋舰当我们接近黎卓利出版社的公寓大楼。在劳德代尔堡,一个好的停车位和阴影。伯勒尔停在一个很酷的地方一副楼的旁边,而且我们都有。空气是静止的,我们站在大楼的树冠之下。伯勒尔看了一下手表。” 在那个时候,他逐渐赢得了自己职务统治者最信任的warchiefs之一。所以当Molor骑到他,他淡绿色的眼睛被撕掉的纸在他长灰色的眉毛,这是一定程度的尊重。”他们在做什么?”Molor问道,解除他的chinbeard亡命之徒的方向。”等待,”Kahless哼了一声。”让我们迈出第一步,”主人建议。甚至在他张嘴想说话,Kahless旧的有一个公平的想法会告诉他他不期待它。”我们不能给你粮食因我们的主,无比的Molor。”首领的声音发抖,尽管他痛苦明显努力控制它。” 责任编辑:薛满意 频道推荐 热门视频 图片新闻 - 山东省委书记刘家义推动民营经济发展行稳致远 点击数:2727970 - 春运首日40万人乘火车离京北京站通道实行“刷脸进站” 点击数:2162950 - 冷烟从黑暗中醒来只觉全身冰凉膝盖处一阵发麻抬头环顾 点击数:2968661 - 消费卡骗局透支社会信用 点击数:1936989 This content is current only at the time of printing. This document was printed on 7 May 2015. A current copy is located at http://apvma.gov.au/node/12586 You are here Maldison Chemical Review Maldison is a broad-spectrum organophosphorus insecticide and acaricide used to control a wide range of agricultural and veterinary insect pests. Maldison is considered to be one of the least toxic of all the organophosphorus compounds but it can contain some toxic impurities. The impurities may be formed during the manufacturing process or when maldison is stored, either for long periods or at high temperatures. The safety, efficacy and environmental impact of agricultural and veterinary products can be significantly affected by these impurities. In 1978, a report of worker poisonings and deaths following the use of maldison indicated that the cause was a toxic degradate, isomalathion. Several subsequent studies have identified other very toxic degradates, such as O,S,S–trimethylphosphorodithioate and O,O,S–trimethylphosphorothioate. به گزارشپایگاه خبری ارک به نقل از خبرنگار ایرنا، دو سه روزی است که استان کرمانشاه میزبان ارمغان زمستان است و در این مناظر برفی، انعکاس خنده و شادی کودکان کرمانشاهی بیش از هر چیز دیگری، دلچسب و خوشایند است. بارش برف تنها به شادی ختم نمی شود چرا که در شهر ما محلاتی قدیمی و فرسوده و وجود دارد که دل ساکنان آن با کوچکترین نعمات و یا بلایای طبیعی به لرزه می افتد. بیشترین بافت های قدیمی و فرسوده در محلاتی همچون گذر صاحب جمع، علافخانه، گذرچنانی به سمت سرتپه و برخی از کوچه های منطقه جوانشیر و شریعتی واقع شده که به گفته مسوولان مساحت فرسودگی شهر ما به یک هزار و 200 هکتار می رسد. یکی از ساکنان این مناطق در گفت و گو با خبرنگار ایرنا اظهار کرد: با بارش برف و کاهش دمای هوا همه ساکنان این مناطق نگران یخ زدگی و مشکلات تردد می شوند. یوسفی ادامه داد: کوچه های این محلات کم عرض است آنقدر که توان عبور خودروهای برف روب و کمک رسان را ندارد و از ابتدای صبح تعدادی از ساکنان این محلات به نمک پاشی و برف روبی پرداخته اند. وی ادامه داد: با این وجود امکانات و تجهیزات ما بسیار محدود است و از شهرداری می خواهیم برای پاکسازی قبل از وقوع یخ زدگی در این مناطق اقدام کند. **برف روبی شریان های اصلی اولویت دارد مدیر امور شهری شهرداری کرمانشاه در گفت و گو با خبرنگار ایرنا، با بیان اینکه برگزاری مانور بزرگ زمستانه در ماه گذشته از آمادگی کامل شهرداری در روزهای برفی حکایت داشته ادامه داد: در هشتم بهمن ماه جاری با شروع بارش برف در ساعت 3 و نیم بامداد، همه خودروهای برف روب و امدادرسان در هر 16 سایت برای خدمت رسانی آغاز به کار کردند. علیرضا احمدی با بیان اینکه برف روبی از خیابان ها و شریان های اصلی در اولویت کاری قرار داده شده اظهار کرد: همه مشکلات در هنگام بارش باران و برف به شهرداری ارتباط ندارد و در این روزها شاهد قطعی برق و قطع شدن راه های ارتباطی برخی از شهرستان ها بودیم. به گفته وی، با تلاش های پرسنل زحمتکش شهرداری همه راه های عبور و تردد خیابان ها و معابر اصلی شهر تا قبل از ساعت هشت امروز صبح باز شد. وی با بیان اینکه در چنین شرایطی خواهان هم افزایی و همکاری بیشتر شهروندان با شهرداری هستیم اظهار کرد: دو هزار و 759 کوچه، خیابان و معابر فرعی در شهر وجود دارد و با توجه به تجهیزات نمی توان همه این معابر به صورت همزمان باز و پاکسازی شود. **مردم با شهرداری همکاری کنند، محلات قدیمی هم پاکسازی می شود وی با بیان اینکه اکنون مشکلی در بخش برف روبی وجود ندارد ادامه داد: پاکسازی معابر و خیابان ها براساس اولویت بندی تردد انجام می شود و پاکسازی کوچه و محلات مختلف و قدیمی شهر نیز انجام می شود. احمدی ادامه داد: برای رفاه شهروندان مخازن شن و نمک در اکثر مناطق و محلات کرمانشاه گذاشته شده است از شهروندان می خواهیم در چنین روزهایی از آوردن خودروهای تک سرنشین خودداری کنند چرا که اکثر این خودروها در زمان یخبندان و در محلات شیبدار نمی توانند از پارکینگ خارج شوند. وی یادآور شد، با همکاری و بردباری مردم همه مناطق براساس اولویت بندی پاکسازی انجام می شود. ** اشتغال 1200 پرسنل شهرداری در برف روبی در ادامه معاون خدمات شهری شهرداری کرمانشاه با بیان اینکه کار شهرداری با نخستین ساعات بارش برف در هشتم بهمن ماه جاری در زمینه برف روبی آغاز شده گفت: یک هزار و 200 نفر از نیروهای انسانی شهرداری در دو شیفت صبح و شب مشغل برف روبی هستند. **استقرار 16 سایت برف روبی در شهر به گفته امیر رحیمی، در این امر از 250 دستگاه ماشین آلات سبک و سنگین شامل لودر، برف روب، دستگاه نمک پاش اتوماتیک و کامیون سبک و سنگین کمک گرفته شد. وی از استقرار 16 سایت برف روبی مستقر در مناطق هشت گانه شهرداری خبر داد و افزود: 450 مخزن شن و نمک به صورت مستمر شارژ می شوند و 750 تن شن و نمک در سطح معابر پاشیده شده است. **کار پاکسازی محلات فرعی آغاز شده است رحیمی ادامه داد: همچنین 12 هزار کیسه شن و نمک به صورت دپو در حاشیه معابر و سطوح شیبدار قرار گرفته است. رحیمی با تاکید براینکه قبل از ساعت هفت و نیم صبح همه راه های درون شهری بازگشایی شده ادامه داد: از ساعت 9صبح امروز پاکسازی در خیابان های اصلی به پایان رسیده و نیروها و دستگاه ها به معابر فرعی اعزام شده اند و کار بازگشایی کوچه و معابر شیبدار شروع شده و اکنون ادامه دارد. 7460/8066خبرنگار: زهره کریم زاده ** انتشار دهنده: علی مولوی Il Comitato Esecutivo UEFA si è riunito presso la Casa del Calcio Europeo di Nyon (Svizzera) e ha approvato i nuovi format delle competizioni per nazionali maschili, che entreranno in vigore a settembre 2024. A seguito di un ampio processo di consultazione con le federazioni nazionali, è stato deciso di modificare leggermente gli attuali format della UEFA Nations League e delle qualificazioni europee per offrire competizioni più avvincenti mantenendo le stesse date, nonché per rafforzare le risorse delle federazioni nazionali e garantire una ripresa ottimale dalla pandemia. Un nuovo turno a eliminazione diretta di UEFA Nations League e un format più compatto delle qualificazioni europee si tradurranno in sfide più avvincenti senza aumentare il numero complessivo di partite. I nuovi format saranno i seguenti: UEFA Nations League La UEFA Nations League sarà ampliata con un nuovo turno a eliminazione diretta che si giocherà a marzo, per una maggiore continuità tra la fase a gironi (che si concluderà a novembre) e le finals (che si giocheranno a giugno). Le vincitrici e le seconde classificate dei gironi della Lega A parteciperanno ai quarti di finale, che prevedono partite in casa e in trasferta: le vincitrici si qualificheranno per le finals a quattro squadre
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译到国内的未多,让大家留意到的就是再次不见,只不过KK的写让宣扬之力度比较特别罢了。Jaron Lanier 的《You are Not a Gadget》有简体中文版,可生少见大家议论。当然,这书的名叫错译成《你无是只玩具》也是问题所在。 《失控》一下子镇停止了重重人,如果失去翻翻35年前充满大街的《第三不善浪潮》,再省50年前麦克卢汉勾勒的《理解媒介》,有些人得跪读了。 尽管得到了部分怪高之评说,但从未一个凡是尊严的专家做出的。对于书迷而言,从《失控》到《科技想如果什么》再届《必然》,逐渐有人看,“有不可思议的痛感”。而从此发生在中原底工作,则远高于这员“先知”的料想。 凯文·凯利于美国之身价 KK是《连线》杂志的首创主编。《连线》杂志的确是网络新文化的重要性阵地和同样栋丰碑,堪称“技术世界的滚石杂志”。《连线》杂志的定位及风格是《全球概览》的主编斯图尔特·布兰德(Stewart Brand)确立的,凯文·凯利是布兰德的一劳永逸助手,协助布兰德出版著名的《全球概览》,协助创办著名的社区WELL。 1992年,凯文·凯利任《连线》杂志的实施主编。查一下百度百科就能够了解:“执行主编履行主编的职能,但未自然有所主编职称,由单位招录即可。一般景象下,相对于顺应主编,执行主编是乘特定的人头从有项工作。副主编lovebet体育是当无职位,而实行主编是现指定的”。这证明了推行主编肯定不是记的决定性灵魂人物。 KK不是《连线》杂志真正接受军的人士。在初期《连线》杂志撰稿的同批大腕中,KK的沉思和文章没有凸起的陶。他同后来接班的安德森相比,相去甚远。安德森的几乎组主笔文章都来了轰动效应,《连线》杂志为创造了“安德森时”。 倒下神坛的凯文·凯利 于过去半个世纪中,在影响互联网行业及美国社会之磨家中,KK从来就是不在首先梯队。KK在美国半个世纪享受的热还不今天外当中华立几乎年之一个零头。这号65岁的科技作家在神州之走红,转而带来了外当美国硅谷的热度。他吃求去分享温馨以中原底见闻,和针对华夏互联网发展趋势的“思考”。 “一丝好不求他了,是为KK和五年前是均等的。” 专栏作家师北觉得,这个虽然充分酷,但真的社会风气就是此样子。 挪动下神坛,还原一个真正的凯文·凯利,不神话,也不损害。作为当下网络文化第一胡手的副手,作为《全球概览》、WELL社区和《连线》杂志的主要参与者,我们应该重视他。但是,不克再次持续神化了,误导无数后来者拜错了山神。 关心自身的简书专题:创新百脑筋集,你会视底相关文章: 《拥有上帝之观——预见未来之计及科学(一)》 《芝加哥出微位钢琴调音师?——预见未来之不二法门与正确(二)》 《理解未来的7单尺码——预见未来之法子与是(三)》 《本•拉登在此间也?——预见未来之主意与不利(四)》 《用科幻小说为Google、苹果、IBM、微软、英特尔提供咨询》 正文部分内容选择自《方兴东:失控的凯文·凯利和失控的《失控》》 迎关注自己的大鱼号:创新百脑汇 -关注趋势印花,与创造美的人一起成长- 迈克尔·切瓦尔(Michael Cheval) 著名俄罗斯超现实艺术家 他是一位当代艺术家,专门从事Absurdist绘画,绘画和肖像画。他是Cheval Fine Art Inc.的联合创始人,目前居住在美国新泽西州。他的绘画在国际上享有盛名,并经常在美国和欧洲的画廊展出。 The cow plays a key role in protecting our environment; hence, it is our duty to protect the indigenous Indian breed of cows. Whether through neglect and abandonment, exploitation and torture, or destruction of natural habitat, the human impact on cows has been powerfully negative. The stray cattle population in India is a big hazard, both socially and economically.As a religious practice, people donate their bulls to the temples, but the temples do not have the facilities to keep them, so the male cattle population roams the streets. Even in many semi-urban areas, people keep cows and allow them to roam freely in the daytime. In the evening the cows come back to their homes, but during the daytime they create traffic jams and eat garbage and plastic (polythene) that make them sick. Sick cattle naturally become a health hazard. In addition, cattle living on the roadside or under bridges get injured and do damage to the areas.Angry bulls fight with each other and often injure or kill people. Both the cattle population and the human population are suffering. The answer to this problem is to keep cities free from stray cattle by providing them a proper environment for healthy living. In a public / private partnership; the government and people in the communities can come together to develop semi-urban areas outside the city. If the government provides the land, the people of the communities can join together to care for the cows and make good use of the cow dung and urine. Dünya üzerinde milyonlarca hayranı olan ve oynadıkları takımların en gözde futbolcuları eski halleriyle herkesi şoke etti. Şuanki halleriyle eski halleri arasında büyük fark olan Cristiano Ronaldo, Quaresma, Juan Pablo Sorín'in eski halini görenler şaşkınlıklarını gizleyemedi. İşte o üçlünün eski yıllardan bir karesi; Ve o isimlerin bugünkü halleri; Ronaldo ve Irina Shayk Ricardo Qureasma Juan Pablo Sorin Holy Wells in Yorkshire – 2 by Edna Whelan St Cedd’s Well, Lastingham (SE 729 904) On the end of the bridge which spans the beck near the centre of the village stands St Cedd’s Well. It has a canopy of stonework brought from Rosedale Abbey, and is inscribed with a reference to Cedd’s foundation of a monastery at Lastingham in AD 648, and to his death in 664. This is probably another example of an earlier well being reconsecrated to a Christian saint, with the coming of the monks in the 7th century. St Cedd, Bishop of the East Saxons, was granted land to found a monastery by King Ethelwold and he administered the monastery until his death, when it passed to his brother Chad. This is a well-preserved Holy Well still providing a source of drinking water. Lastingham has two other wells; St Chad’s Well, Lastingham (SE 729 905) Situated on the east side of the High Street, consisting of a stone trough inside a graceful well-house flanked by a high stone wall. St Chad was one of three brothers. Cedd and Cynebel were involved in the building of the first monastery, and Chad later became Bishop of Lichfield, of York, and of Lindisfarne. The only legend attached to this well is that of Wulfhere, King of Mercia who, filled with remorse after putting his two sons to death for worshipping at Chad’s cell, adopted the faith of his murdered children at the instance of his Queen, Ermenilda. The well is dry and according to a lady of the locality the water was piped away quite recently because it was being used for washing cars. A sad desecration of a sacred site, and typical of the car-worship of modern times. Lastingham’s third well is; St Ovin’s Well, Lastingham (SE 729 904) Across the road from the Post Office, and consisting of an arched well-house set into a stone wall. This well is also dry but there is a large oblong stone set into the back of the well-house which could be one side of a trough. The only surviving legend is the story of St Ovin as told by Bede; that he gave up high position in the household of Queen Ethelrid and went to Lastingham carrying an axe and a hatchet to denote that he joined the monastery to work not idle. He later went to Lichfield with Chad and was allowed to hear sounds of angelic melody, interpreted as a heavenly call to Chad, who died 7 days later. Although these legends are attributed to saints, one wonders if there lies within them a symbolism of earlier attributes of prophecy, fertility and healing at the well. St Alkelda’s Well, Middleham (SE 113 904) This well is close by Middleham House and not far from the famous Middleham Castle. The parish church is dedicated to the Virgin Mary and St Alkelda, of whom little is known. She is also the patron of Giggleswick church (see below) and one legend has her as a Saxon lady living in Yorkshire who suffered martyrdom at the hands of Danish women, being strangled for her faith. Her name is first mentioned with Middleham church in the late 13th century, and with Giggleswick in the will of one James Carr, 1528, who expressed a wish to be buried ‘in the church of the Holie and Blessed Virgin Saint Alkeld’. Some scholars suggest the name is simply derived from the Old English ‘haeligkeld’ meaning Holy Well. There is, once more, the link between sacred wells of ancient origin and the invasion of the Christian religion. No healing attributes have been given to this well within living knowledge but a fair is held in Middleham on the 5th November, a date connected with Alkelda, and close enough to the pagan Samhain to be possibly significant. See also Source Six (First Series). Hart Leap Well, Hauxwell Moor, Barden Fell (SE 135 965) This well remains in tradition and in the poetry of Wordsworth but is now choked up. The tradition is that a hart, an animal of unusual strength and beauty, led a chase of long duration and great speed across this moorland. Horses and hounds dropped out one by one until a single horseman remained. Worn out at last, the exhausted hart gave three tremendous leaps down the declivity and dropped dead beside this well. Hope states that ‘three pillars, each a rough stone, marked the site of the three astonishing leaps’ (were these mark stones for an alignment?). The stones remained conspicuous until very lately but are now either removed or concealed by a recent wall. An old withered tree overhangs the spring, which may be found by the bright green of its grass, which contrasts with the darker heather all around. Holy Well, Hunsingore (approx. SE 428 536) A remarkable occurrence relating to Hunsingore is recorded in the Sessions Rolls of the West Riding of Yorkshire 1597-8 (at Wetherby) – ‘Forasmuch as it is manifestlie proven to this Court that Ffrancis Thompson and George Allen of Hunsingore did, in a most contemptous manner, bring into Hunsingore Church a Toie called the Flower of the Well in the tyme of divine service, wherebie the Vicar was disturbed in saieing the said service. It is therefore ordered that the said Ffrancis and George shall be presently stripped naked from the middle upwards and whipped throwe this town of Wetherby for their said offence’. ‘The (Toie) toy here referred to,’ says a Mr J.S. Fletcher in 1900, ‘was in all probability an image which had been used at one of the old well-deckings, in celebrating which it was usual to construct an effigy of the saint or nymph to whom the well was dedicated and to trick it out with gew-gaws and flowers and carry it in procession’. The old church at Hunsingore in which this curious instance of sacrilege took place was pulled down and the present modern edifice built close by. The above account provides evidence that a Holy Well existed in Hunsingore at one time, and research into relocating it will certainly continue. St Mary Magdalene’s Well, Spaunton Bank, near Lastingham (SE 722 904) This is a spring of sweet clear water issuing from a bank into a stone trough and is thickly covered with water-cress. Above the spring and set into the bank is a slab of local stone with the well’s dedication inscribed on it. The well was re-dug in 1964 by a Mr H. Frank and the stone trough was then exposed. Grateful thanks are due to Mr Frank for his work. In his digging he found a sherd of Roman or Saxon ware and pottery of the 13th century. The well has clearly been used for drinking water, or for its healing qualities, or other worship. Our Lady’s Well, Threshfield (SD 998 638) This is one of several wells situated beside the River Wharfe on its long journey from Beckermonds in Langstrothdale to its meeting with the Ouse, North of Cawood. Threshfield is near Linton-in-Craven, on the upper stretches of the Wharfe and the Well of Our Lady emerges as a clear spring of water near to Grassington Bridge. The well was looked on as a sure and certain place of safety and refuge from all supernatural visitants, as shown by a certain legend; Pam the Fiddler was a teacher at Threshfield school many years ago and as he played his fiddle to entertain his pupils a ghost would appear and stand listening to the music. After Pam’s death a local man returning home late one night saw Pam on the roof of the school fighting with the local vicar and accompanied by imps. The witness sneezed, and the imps and Pam’s ghost chased him; he took refuge in the shelter of the well where he stayed till cock-crow, safe from attack. This story was told to me by Robert Greenwood, a farmer’s son who was born and still lives in the area, and attended the school in the 1970s. The well formerly attracted pilgrims from far and near, its waters being famed for their healing properties for many ailments. Now it is still in good condition and attracts visitors out of curiosity. In the early 1900s it was used by the youth of the district who ‘being held by Cupid’s Chain seemed to gain fresh inspirations from copious draughts of the cooling waters’ [Arthur Millar, Yorkshire Notes & Queries]. Could ‘Pam’ derive from Pan? Ebbing and Flowing Well, Giggleswick (SD 803 654) Situated at the foot of Giggleswick Scar beside the road which runs from Settle to Clapham, and 1 mile west of Giggleswick. The water of this celebrated well periodically ebbs and flows, at times brimming over to run across the road, other times being at least 8 feet below the edge of the stone trough into which it runs. There are two legends attached to the well and a stained- glass window in the nearby church of St Alkelda, Giggleswick depicts possible ‘sacrifices’ at the well. One legend was written into Polyolbion by Michael Drayton; ‘At Giggleswick, where I a fountain can you show That eight times a day is said to ebb and flow Who sometime was a nymph, and in the mountains high Of Craven, whose blue heads for caps put on the sky, Amongst the Oreads there, and Sylvans made abode (It was ere human foot upon these hills had trod) Of all the mountain kind, and, since she was most fair It was a Satyr’s chance to see her silver hair Flow loosely at her back, as up a cliffe she clame, Her beauties noting well, her features, and her frame. And after her he goes; which when she did espy Before him like the wind the nimble nymph doth fly; They hurry down the rocks, o’er hill and dale they drive; To take her he doth strain, t’outstrip him she doth strive, As one his kind that knew, and greatly feared his rape, And to the topick gods by praying to escape, They turned her to a spring, which as she then did pant, When wearied with her cause her breath grew wonderous scant Even as the fearful nymph, then thick and short did blow, Now made by them a spring, so doth she ebb and flow.‘ This is of course reproduced in Hope’s book but it is so evocative that it needs to be quoted in full. The second legend is that the spirit of this well gave to Ben Nevison, the highwayman, a magic bridle which, when he was chased, allowed him to perform extraordinary feats to evade capture, one of which was to leap on horseback across the awe-inspiring chasm of Hell Gill. Until recently the tradition of mixing the well water with liquorice and shaking them together in a bottle to be drunk on Easter Sunday was still carried on by children and young people. A stone head in the fabric of Giggleswick church is depicted as emerging from waves. Whether this connects with the ancient tradition of placing stone heads (and skulls) in wells is uncertain. A sad footnote is that, since certain people dug out the well some years ago, in order to find out
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机制。一些的光亮、一杯饮料的存在、背景中播放的轻柔音乐......所有这些细节都有助于创造理想的环境来进行性视频通话。 奖励,它决定了一个习惯是否持续或数量 锁的位置有更多的可能性,但描述的是最常见的。使用锁要考虑的另一个问题是它们是否安全且尽可能光滑,尽管我认为安全是最不重要的,而随着对奴的心理支配和可能的后续惩罚,我们假设他会没有过度的欲望对他的主人不忠或不服从他。 当你约会做爱时,它让你有机会尝试爱情的匙,现在你有很多建议可以尝试。您记住的是最适合您在开始测试时使用的内容。任何对你有用的东西都是你的关键。它可能不是此处包含的建议,但如果它可以帮助您更多地在场,那么它就是您的关键。您可以同时使用许多键:呼吸、眼神交流、正极的意识,同时放松双脚。有无数的线索可以帮助你将意识向内转移,随着你变得更加敏感,这些线索会变得更加微妙。 对于最积极的宣传者来说,互联网是一种赚钱的手段,是全球化的无所不能的博客。关于建设更美好世界的宣言是营销专家创造的有吸引力的口号,以确保网络用户数量的逐步增长,从而保证该行业公司股东的利润增加。新经济中最活跃和最有价值的一种,它从根本上建立在金融投机的旧做法和带薪工作(等)中产生剩余价值的基础上。 中介知道怎么回去 预订酒店房间并提前付款。她先到了,然后换了:如果她能忍受的话,戴上假发,以前从未见过的内衣,高跟鞋,不同的香水,忘记她是否感到不舒服,几乎是赤身裸体。用音乐和营造迷人的气氛。她应该让自己振作起来:她是一个高级女,让她感觉良好是他的工作。高级女是优秀的女演员,他们的薪水很高,所以你应该全力以赴。最后,他敲门,她让他进来。用不同的名字介绍自己。打开一瓶香。可能是焦躁不安,那还是性格。但你必须自信,开玩笑,调情,或以其他方式贪。他应该阅读他的服务客户并删除他的踪迹(他自然必须代表他的另一方,经常卖淫的一方)。您必须明确表示您来到这里仅出于一个原因:为您提供有史以来最好的性体验。需要什么? 它激活了这对夫妇的性生活,并让他们结识新朋友。为了发展偷和增加性唤起,看到其他夫妻在没有社会障碍或禁忌的情况下发生性行为的事实。女人双腿分开跪下或下,将自己放在男人的脸上。在这种情况下,她会将自己的阴道交给他的吻,就像在充满激情的嘴对嘴的关系中一样。接触会先是肤浅的爱抚,然后变成舌头的穿透,形式是从肛门到阴蒂的长长的舔,以及金星山的轻柔吸。 手淫会对身体和精神产生什么影响? 道教密宗。利用性行为中产生的生命能量来再生身体是一些中国道教思潮的主要目标。该教义的一部分是基于在性高潮期间保留男性射精,以便通过这种方式使身体的青春持久。这种趋势需要一种基于非常精确和既定实践的方法。 宫颈癌是性传播疾病的结果。这位肿瘤学家说,人们应该意识到他们可能会因性接触而患上口腔癌、咽喉癌或舌癌。 在性方面,朝同一个方向看最初是关于互补的性偏好;如果她想要它而他也想要它,那就忘记它,至少在床上。这也是关于性的重要性;什么是允许的(色情、不忠、恋物等);多少和多久。相似之处不是数量,两个人一年可以和她一起幸福一次,从而彼此幸福。获得与这些权利的匹配,并且联系将很深。 它本质上是一管肌肉纤维。阴道的长度在 7 厘米到 12.5 厘米之间波动,但我们不能忘记,由于它的柔性,它可以适应任何大小的阴。 在我们的网站上,我们已经将某些文章专门介绍了一些国家的色情电影。这样,在某些文本中,我们建议您观看西班牙或日本等国家/地区的优秀作品。在今天的文章中,我们想将目光聚焦在一个附近国家的色情电影上,并与它保持着无数的文化结。那个国家是意大利,我们将在文章中命名的标题毫无疑问是世界色情电影史的一部分。其中某些电影曾将女演员如劳拉·安东内利(我们已经在她去世之际在我们的博客上专门为她写过一篇文章)、奥内拉·穆蒂、莫妮卡·贝鲁奇或奥古斯娜·贝利等女演员置于美丽而富有暗示性的赛女主角的奥林匹斯山;毫无疑问,这些女性在每一位爱美人士,尤其是爱色人士的心目中占有一席之地。 必须每秒或每两秒进行一次运动 我的名字是索菲亚,我是一个甜美性感的年轻女子,她来自北方寒冷的土地,寻找地中海的温暖和激情。加入博主吧,拥有娇嫩白的皮肤、迷人的蓝眼睛,以及隐藏着最美味快感秘密的永恒双腿......剩下的就是让自己爱上其中一个并试试运气。很快我们将专门为马德里市最好的调情俱乐部写一篇文章,我们将尝试制作马德里和巴塞罗那调情酒吧的基本列表。 我要你相信我,你想要的一切?我会让它发生 你好,我的爱人,我的名字是梅丽莎玛丽,我正在访问马德里(只是一小段时间)......在我身上你会发现一个非常感性,干净的女人(我喜欢卫生,我希望你也一样),一个令人难以置信的身体,我可以像你想要的那样甜美,也可以像你让我成为支配者......我的服务是一种约会体验,像对待国王一样对待你,实现你最色情的幻想,我们将一起度过一段非常激动人心的时光如此之多,以至于您会回来更多... 对于那些学会养育父母、安慰他们、照顾他们或像对待自己的孩子一样对待他们的孩子来说,有毒的学习会导致相互依赖。他们倾向于呈现一种压迫照顾者的模式,这种模式使他们陷入缺乏互惠的不对称关系,最终再现了最初的童年创伤情况。 他是学生,他是老师 B&D或B / D意味着束和纪律。这是一个较旧的术语,最初出现在 1970 年代的个人广告和时事通讯中,并在 1980 年代被邪恶的人们广泛使用来描述他们对错位的兴趣。它并不一定意味着仅仅意味着奴制和纪律,而是围绕着权力交换的一系列活动。今天,B&D 本身作为一个术语的使用要少得多。 根据唐纳的说法,一些研究断言,同性恋是一种先天性异常和自然错误,应该加以治疗,因为它被视为一种不规则的人格状况,与精神障碍、围产期水平低有关,这个阶段从第四个月开始,持续到出生后 2 年和 4 年,下丘脑的二态性和 INAH3 区域的大小。 (金赛克利夫兰)[36] 不,你必须坚持你的意见 为了使束游戏成功,您需要信任和良好的沟通。如果您被绑,您必须相信进行绑的人将您的最大利益放在心上。作为主导者,您需要注意伴侣的经历。您将希望在整个游戏过程中建立一些语言和非语言的交流方式。接受一些暗示或迹象,让顺从者向支配者提供反馈,尤其是一个可以立即结束游戏的安全词。以下是一些需要牢记的基本安全预防措施。 也很常见的人假装,否认他们的不便,尤其是否认他们影响他们的人。仿佛他们是演员,演着自己最喜欢的角色,虽然深爱着,但他们肯定会从心爱的人身边擦肩而过。当有什么事情伤害他们时,他们会说没关系,他们甚至会在人们面前大笑,以表明他们现在的生活已经很完美了。 不要为了任何差异而妥协任何因素。我知道调整和妥协在任何关系中都很重要,但是在早期阶段将其置于危险之中并不是正确的做法。 同样,有些女性仍然不接受女性的性行为,认为女性的功能本质上是为了满足她的男人的欲望和亲密的心血来潮......不管她是否在其中衍生出某种性别。过程。快乐。从我们作为性和性行为爱好者的角度来看,对性禁食的辩护在我们看来像是神明。自愿性禁欲真的会比每天或几乎每天的性行为更好吗? 背部经络 他真的很享受他在 Frog Leap 中的控制,这对他来说很舒服,因为他没有做任何不同于他通常在 Doggy Style 性爱姿势中做的事情。您还将欣赏美景,特别是如果您更喜欢臀部而不是胸部或喜欢肛门游戏。当我们谈论施虐受虐狂时,让我们谈谈一位伟大的文学足怪,他将自己的名字命名为术语的后半部分,Leopold von Sacher Masoch。或者更好的是,让他从他不的 19 世纪作品《毛皮中的维纳斯》的书页中进行对话。 这些无尾猴子会从哪里获得吸的爱好? 就像每个开始都有结束一样,由于个人差异,我们缩短了它,如果我再打一点也许我们会回来,但那是第二个lumi进来雕刻的时候,在我上传的一篇文章之后她告诉我我们开始聊天,电话他们在同一天回来,两周后我已经和她出去了,没有治愈我上一段感情的伤口。 这么多年,我从未意识到,我继续说, 另一个问题是水井靠近死井,在许多情况下产生泄漏,使饮用水受到污染,而房屋的居民却不知道,这是所有居住者突然死亡的原因。除非您已经与有关女性分享了您一生中必不可少的性活动和时间,也就是说,除非您真的爱她并且有理由这样做,否则请采取与那些歌曲的歌词所描述的截然相反的态度。 拥抱我们真正的女性力量 永远不要在朋友面前批评伴侣的行为。这是低和坏品味。对我来说,这个理由足以让某人坐上电椅。公开批评你的人不会公开爱你。 杰伊先生,你可能会感到惊,当我拖着我想象中的角色穿过这个地方和其他地方的下水道时,我也用羊皮纸刮了我的羽毛笔。我们可能需要在旅行结束时匹配项目。谁知道?是的,我的爱人,你得到了我的许可, 男人和女人就是这样,两个完全不同的存在(尊严平等),但互补;然后,当他们都忘记并且不理解这些差异时,问题就开始了。在此基础上,我们将提供一些建议以推进关系。 自由是根据一个人每时每刻想要和感觉必须做的事情而行动,而不是适应社会认为无效的事情。建立您需要的安全限制,无需复杂,无需考虑他人,以及任何认为他们有权超越您施加的限制的人,那么他们不应该浪费更多时间。尊重自己和他人是建立关系的基本支柱之一,在持续的过程中不能缺少。我指的是双向尊重,无论是在传达你的限制时,还是在尊重他人施加的限制时。 生态检查 承诺通常是从其他关系中育有孩子的夫妇所经历的第一个阶段,因为在开始关系之前,他们会谈论他们对孩子的承诺以及他们在生活中所代表的优先权。 例如,如果我们的伴侣没有注意到我们的新发型,或者在切法面包时不使用面包板,在每个法面包上撒面包,或者爬上楼梯看电视而不停下来检查,我们可能会受到深深的伤害为我们的一天。 .似乎不值得正式投诉。宣布:“我生你的气,因为你切面包的方法不对”是冒着听起来既不成熟又疯狂的风险。这样的反对意见可以两者兼而有之,但由于不成熟和愚是人类的主要条件,我们应该停止赞同(然后忍受)任何其他乐观的观念。 我可以从我的经验告诉你,当我们考虑与一段关系分手的想法时,恐惧是首先破坏我们并迫使我们停留在我们不应该再呆在的地方,无论出于何种原因:缺乏爱,不忠虐待等等。恐惧无时无刻出现并告诉我们:你要去哪里?我们再次对逃跑的想法感到震惊。 多亏了这样一个垫子的帮助,男人才能忍受女人更长的时间 我觉得这个话题非常有趣。让我们希望他们问我的每件事都如此重要。简单地回答你,我祝福婚姻;这是我生命中最好的事情。未婚前,我游荡,沉默寡言;我感到空虚,我的生活中有很多孤独;我什至不知道如何处理这笔钱。我并不尴尬地告诉你,我和街头女性一起度过了很多艰难、危险的时期。我把自己暴露在巨大的风险中,他们从我身上偷走了很多钱。除了一直困扰着我的恐惧之外,我仍然怀疑我是否感染了性传播疾病。感谢今天的博客和婚姻,我幸福地结婚了。我有两个儿子;我过着平静的生活,没有街头的风险;和一个给我带来我从未想象过的幸福的妻子。所以我认为是的;结婚后你会更享受生活,我毫不怀疑。 ? 正如我们常说的,女人首先关心的是她的安全,告诉她你并不危险,只会让她更加安心,让她多疑。随着时间的推移,这种感觉会消退,当你在调情中继续前进,让她笑起来并感觉良好时,她开始信任你,相信你是一个她可以感到安全的人。为此,您需要毫无疑问地证明某些品质。 唤醒美丽,大卫·林 出生于公元前 6 世纪的尼泊尔佛陀密宗和其他佛教流派都可以追到他的教义。他的信仰以中道思想为中心,强调平衡和适度。 让我们思考一下这些案例的逻辑。谁没有严重的内部冲突,谁会愿意与一个只得到他们需要和应得的一半的人交往?只是一个不能完全奉献自己的人。 马格利特的精美油画出自纽约现代艺术博物馆的超现实主义收藏。在那里,在导游的带领下,观察者可以看到这位比利时画家的悲惨故事,她的母亲在 14 岁时跳河自杀。年轻人看着尸体从水中抬起,湿的睡衣遮住了脸。许多人认为,这种创伤解释了为什么艺术家画面纱来覆盖他的几个主题,但他否认了这一点。他肯定他的画是可感知的,它们没有隐藏任何东西:它们可以唤起神秘感,实际上,当人们看到我的一幅画时,马格利特当时解释说,人们会问自己一个简单的问题:“它是什么意思是?'但它没有任何意义,因为奥秘也没有任何意义,它是不可知的。然而,根据导游的说法,《恋人》的这个难以理解的团被解释为爱本身的团,即我们很难揭示最亲密伴侣的真实本性的团。 我给你一个好消息:你不能为爱受苦 对于问题:如果你觉得你的伴侣会因为某种原因或发生的情况而生气,你通常......,你可能会回答:让他生气,他有权利为某事生气,即使我不同意,我也尽量不要火上油,给他一些建议(如果他允许的话)。当然!这是关键,你不会以防御模式回应,你会看到他的攻击,你会说出来,或者你会简单地告诉他这不是一个好时机,你会分开,保持近距离,甚至更多免费,在边缘更没有表现出冷漠类型你是致命的,我通过你。你很清楚,如果一个人不想,两个人就不会打架。而且你知道如何练习它而不会感到内。由于您将您的伴侣视为成年人,如果他们做出决定和错误,您可以对他们的决定和错误负责。如果她没有做出正确的选择,那么你就不会回来笑她,而是你会鼓励她,给她你无条件的道德支持,就像一个好朋友一样。这就是问题的原因:面对无法在某些问题上与伴侣推理的无能为力......,可能是您选择了:归根结底,这是您的问题。他不是该死的!这是一个决定,是你的责任。这就是态度,这就是竞争态度和尊重态度之间的区别。 一点一点地,你让更多的人参与到那个 2 的故事中 一个真正的男人不一定是英俊的,或者富有的,或者知道历史的,或者旅行过的,或者一下子。这类问题都是小事。真正的男人并不是好莱描绘的完美男人。 我感觉自己像个白痴,坐在那里做表弟,听着她和她亲爱的男朋友的每一件事情,她有多喜欢他,他们在床上做的事情,我的血液在里面沸腾,我发疯了,同时我感到无力,很难意识到那天晚上我不会亲吻她,也不会拥抱我,就像我刚才想象的那样,但我会听一段谈话
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defined the definition of EHR to include: - -the collection of longitudinal data on a person's health. - -Immediate electronic access to this information. - -Establish of a system that provides decision support to ensure the quality, safety, and efficiency of patient care. Benefits of Electronic Patient Records Many administrators cited the capability of more comprehensive reporting that integrated both clinical and administrative data. -It also provided an opportunity to analyze and review patient outcomes because of the standardization of the clinical assessments. -Also noted was the development of electronic automated reports that improved the discharge of a patient. The reports also provided an opportunity for the administrator to assess the workload of a department. - -The EHR also improved operational efficiency and had excellent capabilities to process and store data. - - Administrators also reported that the computerized documentation took 30% less time than the previous handwritten notes However it is difficult to develop an electonical record that can integrate with other medical systems. -It is important that standards are developed for EHR to ensure standard data elements are collected and to ensure that the software will be integrated into other others system -Several studies indicated there was an improvement in interdepartmental communication. -Several studies indicated there was an improvement in interdepartmental communication. -The EHR provided aggregate data in the patient records to other departments and the information about the patient was legible. - The EHR allowed accessibility by many departments regarding integrated care. - -The actual design and implementation of an EHR system developed a more interdisciplinary approach to patient care. The implementation of an EHR system led to improved data accuracy because it reduced the need to replicate data. - -EHR system provides an opportunity for future research. The data captured in the database could be used to analyze outcomes and develop baseline data for future research Barriers to Electronic Patient Records -A major issue with any national implementation of an electronic heath record system is the development of data standards that should be used nationally. -From a user perspective such as a physician’s office, a major issue with EHR implementation was the cost of the implementation of the system. -Software purchases, hardware, network upgrades, training and computer personnel must be considered in the purchase of the system. - -Estimates vary from $15,000-$30,000 per physician which can be amortized over a period of 5 years. - -Estimates should also include annual costs of $5,000-$15,000 over the first 5 years. -In 2008, Microsoft announced their Health-Vault website (www.healthvault.com) that enables patients to develop electronic health records free of charge. - It is up to the individual as to how much medical information the person wants to store online with this website. - -The website also has links to several health websites that can assist with exercise programs, heart issues, drug reactions, software that allows users to share their medical information with their providers, etc. - -In November 2008, the Cleveland Clinic agreed to pilot data exchanges between HealthVault and the Cleveland Clinic’s personal health record system. The Clinic has enrolled 400 patients in the areas of diabetes, hypertension and heart disease to test the system. Legal and Ethical Issues of Electronic Patient Records -However, legal and ethical issues are also a concern. As with any technological development, regulations often lag behind its’ implementation. - -A major legal barrier is the sharing of the patient information electronically with other providers. Does this violate any HIPAA regulations pertaining to privacy and confidentiality? Does the patient have to consent this sharing of information each time their information is electronically shared with other providers. - - Recent surveys have indicated that nearly 50 percent of U.S. adults polled indicated they had concerns about privacy and security of their information but felt that a computerized system like EHRs would outweigh the risks. - - The remaining 50 percent of those polled indicated that the EHR systems do not outweigh the risks of privacy and security Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) -Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of computerized methods and technologies to imitate human decision making -A technique of AI is expert systems (EI) which were developed to imitate expert’s knowledge in decision making . - -Electronic clinical decision support systems are systems that are designed to integrate medical information, patient information and a decision making tool to generate information to assist with cases. They are a type of knowledge-based system. The key functions of a CDSS are: - 1) administrative, - 2) case management, - 3) cost control - 4) decision support. -Specifically, expert systems can be used to alert and remind health care providers of a patient’s condition change, or to have a laboratory test performed or have an intervention performed. - An expert system can also assist with a diagnosis using the system’s database. The system can expose any weaknesses in a treatment plan or check for drug interactions and allergies. - A system can also interpret imaging tests routinely to flag any abnormalities. It is important to note that the more complex duties of a system require the integration of an EMR/EHR system so the system can interface with the patient dat research over the past several years indicated that CDSSs have many potential benefits that can be classified into three categories: 1. improved patient safety 2. improve quality of care 3 improved efficiency in healthcare delivery - -although the barriers to implementation were identified previously the benefits for many institutions have outweighed those barriers so they have found ways to utilize these CDSSs. - - more CDSSs are being developed to provide information for various type of diseases. Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) -Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) are clinical decision support systems that enable a patient’s provider to enter a prescription order, order for a lab or diagnostic test into a computer system. The order entry has four components: - 1) information can be entered from a handheld device, laptop or desktop computer, - 2) it enables the provider to order a test or prescription, or procedure, - 3) it is connected to a decision support system that alerts the provider to any problems with their orders, and - 4) it can be integrated into the overall computer system of the organization. -E-prescribing, a form of CPOE, focuses on electronic prescription ordering by a provider for their patient. - It also focuses on improving patient safety. - -Medication ordering and the administration of these medications can be incorrectly given to a patient because of similar sound names, similar dosages, similar labeling. - -E-prescribing can be performed on a desk computer, laptop or hand-held device that will records physicians’ prescription orders which eliminates having an individual reading a hand written prescription. PHARMANCY BENEFIT MANAGERS (PBM) -E-prescribing will become more commonplace with the mandates of Medicare. In order to manage this technology effectively and efficiently, a Pharmacy Benefit Manager(PBM) uses technology based tools to assess and evaluate the management of the prescription component so it can be customized to address the needs of the organization - PBMs are companies that administer drug benefits for employers and health insurance carriers. -They contract with managed care organizations, self insured employers, Medicaid and Medicare managed care plans, federal health insurance programs and local government organizations Approximately 95% of all patients with drug coverage received benefits through a PBM Drug-Drug Interactions (DDIs) -Drug-Drug Interactions (DDIs) are used by software programs to alter pharmacists and clinicians about potential drug-drug interactions. - These alerts can be notifying the provider that two drugs may interact or there may be management strategies provided regarding the DDIs - -In a January 2009 article entitled” Development of computerized alerts with management strategies for 25 serious drug-drug interactions”, a group of experts developed a list of 25 important DDIs and management strategies that should be used in when prescribing in an ambulatory setting. - -Alert messaging was developed for these 25 DDIs for eRx and pharmacy systems. This type of additional information will educate providers regarding potential issues while prescribing -Telehealth is the broad term that encompasses the use of information technology to deliver education, research and clinical care. -An important activity of telehealth is the use of email as a communication between providers and their patients. -In an American Medical Association 2004 survey, approximately 25% of physicians reported they communicated with their patients via e-mail. -Telehealth also includes communication between health care providers E-health refers to the use of the Internet by both individuals and health care professionals to access education, research and products and services. There are several online websites such as www.webmd.com and www.healthline.com that provide consumers general health care information -Telemedicine refers to the use of information technology to enable health care providers to communicate with rural care providers regarding patient care or to communicate directly with patients regarding treatment. -The basic form of telemedicine is a telephone consultation. - Telemedicine is most frequently used in pathology and radiology because images can be transmitted to a distant location where a specialist will read the results. - - Telemedicine is becoming more common because it increases health care access to remote locations such as rural areas. It also is a cost effective mode of treatment Chief Information office -As more health care services are delivered electronically, many health care organizations have designated a Chief Information officer (CIO) to manage the organization’s information systems. -Some organizations may also refer this position as a Chief Technology Officer (CTO) or they may have both. -Normally, the CIO is a vice president of the organization and the CTO reports to that position. The CIO also integrates HIT into the organization’s strategic plan -The CIO must have knowledge of current information technologies as they apply to the healthcare industry and how new techology can apply to the organization -the CIO is also responsible for motivating employees whenever there is any technological change. COUNCIL FOR AFFORDABLE QUALITY HEALTH CARE -(CAQH)This nonprofit organization consists of alliances of health plans and trade associations to discuss efficiency initiatives to exchange patient information. -As part of their initiative, they have created a Committee on Operating Rules for Information Exchange (CORE) which is borrowing from the banking industry who has set up standards for one of the largest electronic payment systems in the world. Enterprise Data Warehouse -An Enterprise Data Warehouse is developed to provide information to aid enterprises in making decisions from a strategic perspective. Data warehousing requires an integration of many computer systems across an organization. -One of the first health care systems to utilize an EDW is the Veteran’s Health Administration. - -The VHA’s Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW)-It uses an IT-based system which is used for clinical management, e-prescriptions, patient and drug information and decision support. This system is in use at VA hospitals and clinics. - -The EDW has been instrumental in providing effective services to over 5 million veterans on an annual basis The CMS Enterprise Data Warehouse -In 2006, CMMS, as a pilot study, developed the largest data enterprise warehouse in history to gather hospital, prescription, physician data to analyze the claims data for Medicare and Medicaid. They initially are going to integrate claims from 2005-2006. They feel that the integration of their data will enable them to analyze claims by provider Radio frequency identification (RFID) -Radio frequency identification (RFID) chips transmit data to receivers. Each of these chips is uniquely identified by a signal indicating where it is located. -RFID can be used for the following: - Tracking of pharmaceuticals as they are shipped from the manufacturer to the customer; - Tracking costly medical equipment to ensure easy access; - -Identifying providers in hospitals to ensure efficiency in care; - -Identifying laboratory specimens to reduce medical errors; - -Tracking patients including infants while they are hospitals; - -Tracking hazardous materials that pose a public health threat - Currently, approximately 25% of health care RFID tags are used to identify people to ensure they are given the appropriate medication and interventions. -Approximately 16% of RFID tags are used for expensive equipment; 13% are used for pharmaceuticals and 4% are used for blood identification to reduce medical errors. -It is anticipated that over the next 10 years, RFID will be used primarily on labels of drugs to eliminate any drug counterfeiting by providing the full custody information on the RFID tag of the drug. APPLIED HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY -PhreesiaPad, a wireless digital device with a touch screen keyboard allows a patient to enter their demographic information and the reason they are visiting the doctor - This new technology eliminates the patient’s need to replicate their information each time they pay a visit to the doctor. - -The system is currently being used in 49 states and thousands of doctors’ offices. The Healthy Advice Network -The Healthy Advice Network provides education to patients electronically while in the waiting room or an exam room. - Health education information is customized with brand advertising messages displayed on digital flat screens in the physicians’ waiting rooms. • There are 25 minute loops of brand materials that focus on prevention and management of disease. - - In 2009, this information was provided to 118.4 million annual patient visits. -Developed by eMedicalFiles, the IntelliFinger is biometric authentication technology which authenticates the identification of a patient by their fingerprint which is scanned when they enter an office for a medical visit, pre-surgery visit, at check out and at the pharmacy. -The technology translates the fingerprint into a numeric combination that is matched with the patient’s medical information. -This prevents fraudulent use of insurance cards and should reduce Medicaid and Medicare fraud. The Intellifinger can be added to any electronic health record system In 2002, the innovative Card Scanning, Inc. was started by a physician because he wanted to develop a user friendly scanner--the DocketPort Scanner, which uses an imaging software that would scan a patient’s insurance card and transfer the information to the patient form within 30 seconds. It eliminates copying costs and staff time that would normally copy the card and put it in the patient file. - Siemens has introduced a pocket sized ultrasound, Accuson P210 that can be used for traditional applications of diagnostic and screening tests -It can be used in outpatient areas, intensive care units, and rescue helicopters to provide instant information to make a diagnosis. Picclo Xpress Chemistry Analyzer -The size of a shoebox, the Piccolo Xpress is a compact portable chemistry analyzer that delivers blood test results quickly. - The provider places blood, etc. on a small disc and slides the disc into the Piccolo Express. - -The provider requests tests to be performed using its touch screen display which prints out a report in approximately 12 minutes or the information can be electronically transferred - -This technology expedites the provider’s ability to diagnose a patient. THE IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY -A recent study focused on the implementation and management of IT in the hospital setting. - Six hospital CIOs or their equivalents and nurse managers were surveyed to assess why they used HIT. - The CIOs indicated they used HIT to streamline administrative processes in the organization. - -The nurse managers focused on the ability to reduce medical errors as a result of HIT. - -They also indicated that having electronic patient data ultimately contributed to more efficient and effective clinical decision making. Coloring-up Chips (or Tournament Race Off) -- with Pictures The purpose of this article to explain the basic procedure for "coloring up" (or "racing off") chips at the end of a blind level. This is done when the smaller chips will no longer be needed for blinds or antes at any higher blind levels. Why Color Up? At this point in a tournament, some players have busted out and it is usually desirable to remove the smaller chips from the table so the remaining players have manageable-sized chips stacks. For example, if your blinds are: Level 1: 5/10 Level 2: 10/20 Level 3: 15/30 Level 4: 20/40 <-- color up $5s Level 5: 25/50 Level 6: 50/100 then you would want to color-up all the $5 chips at the end of Level 4. How to Color Up There are many options for coloring-up chips, including letting one player buy everyone else's chips, or rounding up. But the procedure described below is the standard way it is done. Step 1: Each player stacks their small chips. The example below shows a game that is down to 4 players when you are ready to color up all the $5 chips and replace them with $25s. 1A. Each player should stack all the $5 chips in stacks of 5 (or $25) 1B. Each player takes their "odd" (left over) $5 chips and places them individually in front of their stacks. Notice that there is a total of $300 worth of $5 chips on the table. So you can calculate that you will need a total of 12 of the $25 chips (also $300) for your color up. Get out those 12 chips and proceed to step 2. Step 2: Exchange all the full stacks. 2A. Go around to each stack of $5s, and place 1 of the $25 chips in front of each full stack. 2B. Take all those full stacks of $5 chips off the table. Now your table looks like this next picture. Notice that you have 2 leftover $25 chips (at the bottom) that have not been given out yet. And that there are 10 leftover single $5 chips waiting to be colored up. Step 3: Deal cards to determine who gets the remaining large chips. Once you have only the odd $5 chips left, then you need to figure out how to distribute your remaining 2 of the $25 chips. If you want the total amount of chips in play to remain constant for your tournament, then you can do a chip race. You do this by dealing cards from a deck that's been cut. [Instead of a chip race, some people just round up -- for example, give a $25 chip to players A and D and give nothing to players B and C. Other people also just give one $25 chip to anyone who has any amount of $5 chips, players A, B, C, and D. Rounding adds a few more $100s to the table.] 3A. Starting with the button, deal one card face up in front of each individual small chip. Deal all the cards to each player before moving on to the next player (that is, do NOT go around the table multiple times). Step 4: Distribute the large chips. At this point, you give out the remaining $25 chips to the players who were dealt the highest cards. 4A. Player B with the Ace gets one chip, and Player D with the Q gets the other chip. 4B. Then remove all the $5 chips from the table and "shuffle up and deal
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a year later each population still favoured their own 'traditional' method even though only 40% of each population of 75-100 birds were survivors from the previous year. The researchers were able to show that, even when birds discovered both ways of opening the puzzle-box, they were much more likely to use the behaviour that was dominant in their local population; in other words, they conformed to the behaviour in their local population. The research, reported in this week's Nature, is the first experimental demonstration of the spread of culture, and the operation of conformist learning in a wild non-primate. The team included scientists from the University of Ottawa, Canada, the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia and the University of Exeter, UK, and was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the European Research Council (ERC). 'In humans, new traditions arise when novel behaviours spread through social network ties via a process of observational learning. But we really have very little knowledge if similar processes are happening in animal populations,' said report author Dr Lucy Aplin of Oxford University's Department of Zoology. 'We were able to experimentally demonstrate that sustained foraging traditions can occur in wild great tits. This appears to have been partly due to a process of conformity – the birds were preferentially copying the majority behaviour.' The team collected data from electronic tags worn by individual birds and data-loggers fitted to each puzzle box to track how the two different box-opening methods spread from two trained individuals through a population. From this data the researchers were able to build up a picture of the birds' social networks and how they learned from each other. The team's analysis showed that rather than adopting a mix of equally-efficient solutions there was an increasing bias so that after four weeks almost all individuals had adopted one solution. Professor Ben Sheldon, Director of the Edward Grey Institute at Oxford University's Department of Zoology, said: 'Our experiments suggest that birds can learn through observation, and that this may help create arbitrary local 'cultural traditions'. Because the particular form of these traditions has no bearing on survival it might be expected that they would be eroded over time as older birds die and are replaced by newcomers. However, our work shows that once a majority in a group adopt one way of doing things these cultural traditions are passed on to the next generation and may persist over years.' Dr Lucy Aplin, first author of the report, added: 'Even when a great tit already has experience of using one method, if it moves to a new area which favours the alternative solution this bird is likely to adopt the method preferred by its new group. It is as if its own personal experience is being over-written by the majority behaviour.' Whilst traditions and cultural behaviour might well exist in other animals besides primates, this is notoriously difficult to study in wild populations. It is only with new technologies, such as passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and RFID-enabled data-loggers, that large-scale experiments investigating animal culture are possible. As innovative and opportunistic foragers with complex social networks, great tits make the ideal model for studying the spread, establishment, and persistence of such 'animal culture'. A report of the research, entitled 'Experimentally induced innovations lead to persistent culture via conformity in wild birds', is published in Nature on 3 December 2014. Alcuni fans hanno incontrato la coppia e raccontato online la loro esperienza. Una ragazza, come riportato dal sito Twifans, è riuscita ad avere una foto con i due protagonisti di Twilight mentre si trovavano di fronte al mare, mentre un’altra li ha incrociati mentre stavano festeggiando il 2011 in un pub. La fan ha raccontato che Robert e Kristen erano insieme ad un gruppo di amici per i festeggiamenti dell’arrivo dell’anno nuovo. Robert ha gentilmente rifiutato di posare per delle foto ma ha rilasciato qualche autografo e la ragazza è riuscita a parlare qualche minuto con Kristen per dirle quanto l’avesse apprezzata nel film The Runaways. La coppia è ripartita dal Regno Unito con destinazione Baton Rouge, dove sono ricominciate le riprese di Breaking Dawn, ed è stata avvistata sull’aereo da diversi fans della saga. I برای شما چیزی در مورد کانال U نشنیده اید – کانال رپ و موسیقی ناخوشایند انگلستان که در سال 2003 با شعله ور شدن آنارشیک و روحیه خود راه اندازی شده است – ممکن است هذلولی به نظر برسد که آن را یکی از بزرگترین تأثیرات در صحنه موسیقی فعلی انگلیس بخوانید. اما اهمیت آن در میان کسانی که آن را می شناسند ، جای تردید ندارد و با موفقیت در خارج از دروازه بان های جریان اصلی ، افزایش می یابد. D Double E. می گوید: “این تأثیر زیادی روی افرادی داشت که هیچ چیزی نداشتند و هیچ کس نبودند و جزئی از دستگاه نبودند.” درست مثل یوتیوب ، مهم نبود شما کی باشید. فقط مهم بود که شما سعی می کنید خلاق باشید. “ در طول دهه 0000 ، این تنها پلت فرم در رسانه ها بود که فرهنگ سیاه پوست انگلیس در آن به تصویر کشیده شد – و از همه مهمتر ، به طور دقیق به تصویر کشیده شد. گذشته از فیلم هایی مانند Kidulthood و سریال هایی مانند Dubplate Drama ، تجربه های سیاه و طبقه کارگر در تلویزیون غیر از نمایش اخبار شیطان نبود. کانال های موسیقی که هر چیزی را از راه دور “شهری” پخش می کردند – MTV Base ، Kiss ، The Box – بر رپ آمریکایی و R&B سلطه بر صحنه موسیقی بریتانیا متمرکز بودند ، به گونه ای که استعدادهای داخلی نمی توانستند. کانال U به عنوان تنها ایستگاه تلویزیونی که اولین پیشنهادات جدید هنرمندان رپ بریتانیایی و ناخوشایند را پخش کرد ، مسئول تبدیل شدن یک ستاره هود به یک نام خانوادگی بود: Tinchy Stryder ، Tinie Tempah ، Chip ، Ghetts ، Wretch 32 و Giggs. “دیدن شخصی [که شبیه من بود ، با همان صدای من ، MCing و نه با لهجه امریکایی ، الهام بخش بود” ، MC نویست ناخوشایند ، که در تماشای کانال بزرگ شد ، می گوید. “من همیشه می خواستم وقتی پیر شدم بخشی از هر آنچه هست باشم.” در ابتدا بدون هیچ رقابتی ، کانال U در اوایل سال 2010 با ظهور رپ و پلتفرم های ناخوشایند انگلستان مانند SBTV ، GRM Daily و Link Up TV در YouTube تلاش کرد. در سال 2009 با بازسازی ناموفق کانال AKA ، همه چیز به او کمک نکرد ، قبل از اینکه به یک شرکت تابعه از یونیورسال فروخته شود. پس از 15 سال هوا ، دوشاخه در سال 2018 کشیده شد. اما ، پس از دو سال غیبت ، کانال پیشگام بازگشته است: فردا به عنوان بخشی از نمایش “اولین فیلم ناخوشایند” ، در برابر همه احتمالات ، به کارگردانی فمی اوینیران ، به خانه اصلی خود در کانال Sky 385 بازگشت. و نیکی “لاغر” واکر. این دومین کارگردانی مشترک آنها پس از تریلر جنایی The Intent 2: The Come Up است که در سال 2018 با بازی انبوهی از خوانندگان رپ انگلیس از جمله گتس و لیدی لشور انجام شد. Afryea Henry-Fontaine ، مدیر بازاریابی در Motown records ، با فرار از سیستم عاملهای جریان معمول ، پیشنهاد کرد که پیشنهادات مستقل خود را در ایستگاه متعلق به Universal پخش کنند. از آنجا که کانال 385 هنوز تحت کانال موسیقی رقص آزاد رو به رو Clubland وجود دارد ، Oyeniran و Walker تصمیم گرفتند که یک هفته کنترل را انجام دهند و در آنجا ایستگاه را بازگردانند. جهانی با شش ساعت موافقت کرد ، تمام محتوای Channel U نیز در کانال YouTube Link Up TV ظاهر می شود. این یک برنامه پر از دلتنگی و پر از دلتنگی به اوج خود رسیده است: دو نفره Ace & Vis دوباره نمایش Ill Ill Show را ارائه می دهند و هفتگی Top 10 با شمارش معکوس از ویدیوهای Top 10 Channel U (که توسط بینندگان رأی داده اند) تغییر یافته است. آنلاین) ، میزبان مجریان اصلی نمایش نمودار ، Jazzie و A Squeezy. اجراهای زنده ، مصاحبه با پیشکسوتان ناخوشایند و همه در کانال YouTube Link Up TV پخش خواهد شد. به عنوان بخشی از عرضه ، همچنین موسیقی متن EP با نام های D Double E ، Novelist و Jammer وجود دارد. نویسنده Grime... رمان نویس با Chase & Status در جشنواره بی سیم لندن اجرا می کند. عکس: Ollie Millington / Redferns این فراخوانی هنرمندان است که اهمیت پلتفرم را تکرار می کند. کانال U در دورانی که سیاهی مترادف با ایالات متحده تلقی می شد ، کاملاً سیاه و انگلیسی بود. این فقط در موسیقی آن نبود بلکه در برنامه نویسی آن بود. از آنجا که رسانه ها در نمایش های متنوع فرهنگ طبقه کارگر بسیار کمبود داشتند ، این ایستگاه در همه جبهه ها ارائه می شد. این سریال نمادین MTV Cribs را با تکرار Yards ، که در آن خواننده رپ کمدی آقای وانگ دوربین هایی را در اطراف خانه مادرش در Peckham نشان می دهد ، بازسازی کرد. کمیک استریپ Booo Krooo از مجله سبک زندگی جوانان RWD بعنوان یک کمدی متحرک بزرگسالان برای این شبکه تصور شد. این برنامه همچنین ماجراهای سه MC Wannabe تند و زننده را ثبت کرده است ، قابل فروش برای اکثر پسران با جعبه صدا و تلفن همراه در آن دوره. همه در “پایان” می خواستند یک هنرمند ناخوشایند و بخشی از جادوی کانال U در واقعیت هر کسی باشد ، برای مدت کوتاهی. با مشکلی از موسیقی دانان واقعی و MC های پاره وقت که آرزوهایشان با پخش فیلم در کانال آغاز و پایان یافت ، رونق گرفت. در سال 2015 ، تعدادی از افسانه های کمتر شناخته شده کانال را که در نوع خود معروف هستند ، برای یک مستند به نام ستاره های گمشده کانال U ردیابی کردم. با استقبال گسترده هیجان انگیز روبرو شد ، طرفداران خواستار یک سری اسپین آف بیشتر شدند و آنها را در مورد افرادی که تحت پوشش آنها نبودیم به روز می کنند. این کانال هرگز اعتبار صنعت را به خود اختصاص نداده است ، اما هنگامی که بنیانگذار آن دارن پلات در سال 2016 درگذشت ، بسیاری از ایستگاه وی به عنوان نقشی مهم در حرفه خود نام بردند. Lethal B او را “یک بیننده” نامید: آهنگ او Pow! (به جلو) در جای دیگر ممنوع شد. کات پارک ، مدیر سابق ایستگاه ، می گوید: “کانال U یک طرح اصلی بود.” “یادم می آید که روز اول در آنجا قدم زدم. من جوان بودم ، اما تیم واقعاً جوان بودند و من فکر کردم: “من ظرف شش ماه آن را مدیریت خواهم کرد!” “و او بود. حتی در پشت صحنه ، یک فرهنگ جوان و ناخوشایند DIY ، مانند آنچه در صفحه نمایش بدنام شد ، شکوفا شد. در اوج شکوفایی ، MC ها در درجه اول با نام و صدای خود ، از طریق ایستگاه های رادیویی دزدان دریایی ، شب های باشگاه ها و آهنگ های Bluetoothed توسط Sony Ericsson شناخته می شدند. حتی در یک پست پسران برنده عطارد در چشم انداز Da Corner ، کانال های موسیقی اواسط 00s همچنان صحنه را به حاشیه می بردند ، بنابراین جدا از درگیری های ضبط شده به عنوان بخشی از سری DVD Lord of the Mics یا Risky Roadz ، طرفداران بیشتر بودند برای دیدن هنرمندان در منطقه محلی خود نسبت به صفحه نمایش. این کانال سالها قبل از یوتیوب ویدیو های موسیقی را دموکراتیک کرد: نسلی صاحب فن ، که قبلاً مهارت های طراحی گرافیک را در سایت های رسانه های اجتماعی مانند Piczo و Bebo تمیز می کرد ، فیلمبرداران هنرمندان به همان اندازه آماتور را تبدیل کرد. زمان های آزمایش... صحنه ای از Against All Odds. پارك می گوید: “بعضی اوقات افراد از سطح كیفیت [تولید] فراتر می روند اما این دقیقاً همان چیزی است كه کانال U را تعریف می كند.” “این قابل دستیابی بود ، قابل دستیابی بود. این MTV نبود ، بنابراین مجبور نبودید هزار پوند و بودجه برچسب داشته باشید – مثل این بود: می توانید بروید و فیلم خود را با هم تهیه کنید و آن را انجام دهید. ما مجبور نیستیم از مسیر رادیویی دزدان دریایی برویم و حباب خود را حفظ کنیم – ناگهان به نوعی در سطح ملی گسترش یافت. مخاطب تغییر کرد. “ درک آن از فرهنگ جوانان حتی به نحوه تنظیم لیست های پخش آن نیز ترجمه شده است. بینندگان از طریق متن و با توجه به رسانه های اجتماعی اواسط دهه 0000 (که در آن زمان همه چیز در مورد “دوستان برتر” لیست های فضای مجازی و فریاد بود) آهنگ ها را ارسال می کردند تا پیام های شخصی را ارسال کنند تا در یک جعبه در کنار ویدیو های موسیقی به صورت واقعی نشان داده شوند . حرکات پیشگامانه از این قبیل باعث ناامیدکننده تر شدن ایستگاه در ایجاد حرکت آنلاین شد. اگر این کار را می کرد ، بدون شک یک رهبر صنعت خواهد بود. کانال U در حال بازگشت به منظره ای بسیار متفاوت از منظره ای است که دو سال پیش از آن بر جای مانده است و حتی در مقایسه با منظره ای که در سال 2003 روی آن قابل تشخیص بود ، غیر قابل تشخیص است. امروز نمودارها و امواج پخش تحت سلطه کسانی هستند که از آنها الهام گرفته است. در یک برهه ، کانال U Top 10 معادل نمودار رسمی کسانی بود که 40 برتر انگلستان از آنها دور مانده است. واکر یادآوری می کند: “من یکی از اولین فیلم هایم را با عنوان The Link Up در کانال U قرار دادم که باعث شد به نوعی معروف شوم.” “این یک بازیگر بزرگ بود. اگر این کار را در شمارش معکوس کانال U Top 10 انجام دهید ، احساس می کنید که می توانید هر کاری را انجام دهید. “ در حالی که این کشور به موسیقی متن جوانان سیاه پوست ادامه می داد (در سال 2006 ، رهبر وقت مخالف ، دیوید کامرون ، ادعا کرد که رادیو BBC BBC 1 با بازی هیپ هاپ و ناخوشایند “مردم را به حمل اسلحه و چاقو تشویق می کند”) ) ، کانال U همسالان ما را همانگونه که ما آنها را می شناختیم به تصویر کشید: در کودکی اقداماتی مانند Ice Kid ، Age Iz Nuffin و SBD – رپری که نمی توانست بیش از 12 سال داشته باشد ، با ابراز تاسف از نبود پدرش در تک آهنگ مشهور Where Are You Now – هوشمندی خیابانی و کاریزمایی که در کنار آن بزرگ شده ایم را نشان می دهد. پیوند برقرار شوید ، واضح به نظر برسید emi Femi Oyeniran و Nicky “Slimting” Walker در برابر همه شانس ها. عکس: آتشنشان تاباتا / گتی “آنچه مردم درباره آن صحبت نمی كنند تقاطع سیاه پوستان و طبقه كارگر است. اولین باری که دیدم کانال U بود ، “می گوید Oyeniran. “شما این بچه ها را می بینید ، آنها لباس های مشکی مانند لباس های محلی شما و Air Max 90s و کلاه های بیس بال را پوشیده اند – و آنها در تلویزیون هستند. برای من ، این مسئله ذهن را به باد می آورد. قبل از کودکی و همه آن فیلم ها ، کانال U این کار را با حجم کمی از ویدیوها انجام می داد. “ علی رغم اینکه بازدیدهای یوتیوب اغلب بیننده آمار تماشای تلویزیون هستند ، اما اعتبار غیر قابل انکار آن ، همراه با افزایش نیاز به نوستالژی ، بازگشت کانال U را لحظه ای مناسب می کند. با توجه به صحبت هایی که پیرامون تاریخ سیاه انگلیس در پیش است ، شروع مجدد آن دقیقاً در زمان مناسب انجام می شود. “Oyeniran” می گوید: “حفظ میراث سیاه انگلیس و مشارکت سیاه پوست در معنای انگلیسی بودن آن زیاد نیست.” “ما برای حفظ فرهنگ سیاهان انگلیس باید کارهای بیشتری انجام دهیم. و احساس می کنم کانال U بخشی از آن است. “ در برابر همه شانس از جمعه بیرون است. کانال U فردا به کانال Sky 385 بازمی گردد و می توانید از طریق aaomovie.com آن را بصورت آنلاین تماشا کنید 狗狗补后多长时间腿能长直?这是很多宠户关心的问题。实际上,狗狗补后,需要一段时间来吸收和利用质,腿才能长直。那么,狗狗补后腿伸直的时间表是怎样的呢?下面为您详细解析。 一、狗狗缺的原因 狗狗缺的原因主要是由于营养不良、遗传因素、疾病等因素导致的。狗狗缺会出现腿弯曲、站立不稳、生长缓慢等症状。因此,为狗狗补是非常重要的。 二、狗狗补的方法 1. 饮食补:为狗狗提供富含质的食物,如牛奶、蛋奶、虾皮、骨头汤等。同时,增加阳光暴露时间,让狗狗多晒太阳,帮助身体合成维生素D,促进的吸收。 2. 药物补:在医生建议下,为狗狗使用质补充剂,如片、粉等。 三、狗狗补后多长时间腿能长直 狗狗补后,需要一段时间来吸收和利用质。一般来说,狗狗补后,腿需要1-2个月的时间才能长直。具体时间因狗狗体质、质的吸收能力等因素而异。 四、狗狗补后腿伸直的时间表 1. 初期:狗狗补后,腿可能会稍微有些弯曲,这是正常的。随着质的吸收,腿会逐渐变直。 2. 一个月:狗狗补一个月后,腿的弯曲程度可能会有所改善,但仍需继续观察。 3. 二个月:狗狗补两个月后,腿基本能长直。如果腿仍然有些弯曲,可以继续补,并观察一段时间。 需要注意的是,狗狗补后,需要定期观察腿的弯曲程度,及时采取相应措施。同时,为狗狗补充足够的营养,保证身体健康。 总结:狗狗补后,腿需要1-2个月的时间才能长直。在这段时间里,宠户需要关注狗狗的身体状况,并根据医生建议,采取相应的补措施。同时,保持狗狗的饮食均衡,保证营养供应,有助于狗狗腿的伸直。 本型又名莫尔(Morquio)综合征、骨软骨营养不良、形性软骨营养不良、非典型性病。其特征性表现为干明显变短小形,股骨头和呈进行性改变,关节肿大,肌肉带松。本病为常染色体隐性遗传,两性均可发病,男稍多于女。 黏多糖积症IV型的病因 (一)发病原因 本病的病因是常染色体隐性遗传。基因定位于3号染色体。 (二
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传到环回接口(目的是127.0.0.1,环回接口可以被看作是网络层下面的另一个链路层),一种传到以太网接口,传到以太网接口的数据报还要判断如果是广播或多播则复制一份数据报传到环回接口(广播或多播包括本身),如果目的IP就是本机则把数据报传到环回接口。传给环回接口的数据均作为IP输入。 链路层对数据长度都有限制,这个限制称作MTU(最大传输单元),如果IP层传给链路层的数据报长度比链路层的MTU大,那么IP层就需要进行分片(fragmentation),使每一片都小于MTU。下图列出了一些典型的MTU值: 其中点到点的链路层(如SLIP和PPP)的MTU并非指的是网络媒体的物理特性。相反,它是一个逻辑限制,目的是为交互应用提供足够快的响应时间。 当在同一个网络上的两台主机互相通信时,该网络的MTU是非常重要的。但是如果两台主机之间的通信要通过多个网络,那么重要的就不是两台主机所在网络的MTU的值,而是两台通信主机路径中的最小MTU,称作路径MTU。路径MTU的值取决于当时所选择的路由。而选路不一定是对称的(从A到B的路由可能与从B到A的路由不同),因此路径MTU在两个方向上不一定是一致的。 前面提到了串行线的MTU是一个逻辑限制,下面举个例子讨论一下这个问题。 如果线路速率是9600b/s,而一个字节有8bit,加上一个起始比特和一个停止比特,以这个速率一次传输一个1024字节(一次传输1024字节,意味着MTU最少是这个值)的包需要1066ms。如果用SLIP链接运行一个交互式应用程序,同时还运行另一个应用程序如FTP发送或接收1024字节的数据,那么一般来说就必须等待一半的时间(533 ms)才能把交互式应用程序的分组数据发送出去。 对于交互应用来说,等待533ms是不能接受的。交互响应时间超过100～200ms就被认为是不好的。这是发送一份交互报文出去后,直到接收到响应信息(通常是出现一个回显字符)为止的往返时间。为了解决这个问题,我们把SLIP的MTU缩短到256,这样传输一最长需要266ms ,需要等待133ms,如果将MTU缩到更短(64或128)虽然能提供更快的响应时间,但是不能为大块数据提供良好的线路利用率,降低传输大块数据的 最大吞吐量,因此在这二者之间要权衡,所以才说串行线的MTU是一个逻辑限制。 点对点链路的MTU是296个字节。假设数据为256字节,TCP和IP首部占4 0个字节。由于MTU是IP向链路层查询的结果,因此该值必须包括通常的TCP和IP首部。这样就会导致IP分片,因为IP对于CSLIP的压缩情况一无所知。 上面提到的平均等待时间是传输最大数据所需时间的一半这个法则只适用于交互通信和大块数据传输都在使用SLIP或PPP的情况下。当只有交互通信时,如果线路速率是9600b/s,那么任何方向上的1字节数据(假设有5个字节的压缩头)往返一次都大约需要12.5 ms((1+5)*10/9600*2*1000)。它比前面提到的100~200ms要小得多。需要注意的是,由于头从40个字节压缩到5个字节,使得1字节数据往返时间从85 ms((1+40)*10/9600*2*1000) 减到12.5 ms。 مدیرعامل شرکت نورینکو اینترنشنال مجری تراموای قزوین در حاشیه امضای این تفاهم نامه گفت: این شرکت یکی از بزرگترین شرکت های دولتی چین است و در بازار ایران حدود ۴۰ سال فعالیت داشته است. جیانگ هوانگ افزود:این شرکت از سال ۱۹۹۵ در زمینه حمل و نقل ریلی فعالیت خود را در بازار ایران آغاز کرد و تا به امروز در این زمینه دارای ۲۳ سال سابقه است. این سرمایه گذار همچنین گفت: پروژه خط پنج، سه و چهار مترو تهران را انجام داده ایم و همچنین در تاسیس شرکت واگن سازی تهران با برخورداری از ۲۹ درصد سهام آن مشارکت داشته ایم. وی گفت: نزدیک به سه میلیارد دلار قراردادهای انجام شده این شرکت با ایران هستند که تمامی این پروژه ها به صورت فاینانس انجام شده است. هوانگ افزود: این پروژه اولین طرح ترموای در کشور است که مجوز گرفته است و ما خوشحال هستیم که این پروژه را با موفقیت در قزوین اجرا کنیم. **قزوین پیشگام در اجرای توسعه مبتنی بر حمل و نقل ریلی در کشور است مدیر کل راه و شهرسازی استان قزوین نیز در این مراسم گفت: قزوین اولین استانی است که طرح توسعه مبتنی بر حمل و نقل ریلی آن در حال کار کردن است و باید تا آخر سال مطالعات عمومی آن انجام شده و از سال بعد وارد فاز عملیاتی شود. مسعود حق لطفی گفت: مطالعات انجام شده در مجموعه شهری ، طرح جامع ترافیک،بازآفرینی محله راه آهن موجب شده است که قزوین به عنوان پایلوت طرح توسعه مبتنی بر حمل و نقل عمومی یا همان ” تی او دی” انتخاب شود . وی افزود: اولین فاز تراموای شهر قزوین در شرق و غرب و فاز دوم آن از شمال به جنوب اجرا خواهد شد. ** مسئولان قزوین برای اجرای تراموا اتفاق نظر دارند رییس شورای اسلامی شهر قزوین نیز در این مراسم گفت: اتحاد و همبستگی خوبی برای اجرای این طرح در میان دستگاه های استان وجود دارد که جای امیدواری است. حکمت الله داودی افزود: ویژگی خاص این طرح استفاده از سیستم برقی در سطح زمین است تا منظر شهری نیز به هم نخورد و اجرای این طرح در مرکز، قزوین را به عنوان یک برند در حمل و نقل و گردشگری کشور مطرح می کند. داودی خاطر نشان کرد: وجود ترموا موجب می شود که بخش عمده ای از ترافیک قزوین از میدان مینودر رفع شود. شهردار قزوین نیز دراین نشست گفت: افزایش کیفیت زندگی شهروندان در دستور کار ما قرار دارد و بر همین اساس برنامه پنج ساله و برنامه کوتاه مدت شهرداری قزوین با هدف افزایش کیفیت زندگی شهروندان وتوزیع عادلانه خدمات تنظیم شده است. علی صفری افزود: حمل و نقل خوب و پاک در شهر قزوین امروز بیش از هر زمان دیگری مطرح است و تجربه نشان داده با توسعه فضای کالبدی شهر نمی توانیم ترافیک را کنترل کرد و باید با توسعه حمل و نقل عمومی و انبوه بر از قبیل تراموا برای این کار اقدام کرد. وی گفت: شهر قزوین در محور شرقی- غربی ترافیکی سنگینی دارد که مجبور شدیم برای رفع آن تراموای شهری را به طول ۷.۵ کیلومتر از ورودی شرقی به ورودی غربی برنامه ریزی کنیم تا هم ترافیک داخلی رفع شده و هم رفت و آمد ورودی ها ساماندهی شود. پروژه تراموای قزوین مصوبه شورای عالی ترافیک کشور را دارد و برای اجرا به این استان ابلاغ شده است. اولین فاز این طرح از شرق به غرب قزوین با هدف رفع گره های ترافیکی در مرکز این شهر انجام می شود و در فاز دوم از شمال به جنوب این شهر اجرایی می شود. شرکت چینی نورینکو اینترنشنال پیمانکار این طرح حدود ۶ ماه فرصت دارد تا کارهای مطالعاتی این طرح را انجام داده و برای اجرای آن اقدام کند. تراموا یا واگن برقی نوعی از واگن است که بر روی ریلهایی که در خیابان قرار داده شده حرکت میکند و به جابه جایی مسافران می پردازد. Food hypersensitivity by inhalation © Ramirez and Bahna; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2009 Received: 08 December 2008 Accepted: 20 February 2009 Published: 20 February 2009 Though not widely recognized, food hypersensitivity by inhalation can cause major morbidity in affected individuals. The exposure is usually more obvious and often substantial in occupational environments but frequently occurs in non-occupational settings, such as homes, schools, restaurants, grocery stores, and commercial flights. The exposure can be trivial, as in mere smelling or being in the vicinity of the food. The clinical manifestations can vary from a benign respiratory or cutaneous reaction to a systemic one that can be life-threatening. In addition to strict avoidance, such highly-sensitive subjects should carry self-injectable epinephrine and wear MedicAlert® identification. Asthma is a strong predisposing factor and should be well-controlled. It is of great significance that food inhalation can cause de novo sensitization. While much focus has been given to food hypersensitivity reactions following oral ingestion, reactions by skin contact and inhalation have slowly gained interest. Food allergy by the non-ingestant route is probably under-recognized and under-reported. This review provides a summary of the relevant studies and selected case reports on food allergy by inhalation and suggestions for management. Settings for food inhalation Food industry (bakery, confectionary, seafood processing) Food handling or processing Reported inhaled food allergens More commonly reported Seafood (crustaceans more than bony fish) Less commonly reported Inhalation of food allergen depends on its airborne presence. This can occur, for instance, from the release of wet aerosols of snow crab allergens when they are "cracked" in seafood processing plants . Processing of a food, such as boiling, steaming, or frying, can also release significant quantities of particulates into the air. This aerosolization has also been identified as a potential high risk factor for sensitization by inhalation . In many patients, the reaction is dose-dependent . Manifestations of food reactions by inhalation In the majority of patients, food particle inhalation induces respiratory symptoms that can be nasal (rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal congestion), ocular (tearing, redness, irritation), or lower respiratory (cough, wheeze). In addition, skin manifestations and even, although much more rarely, anaphylaxis can occur. Rhinitis and/or conjunctivitis Rhinoconjunctivitis is a common complaint associated with allergy to food by inhalation. Rhinitis and/or conjunctivitis may be the only manifestation, but they often precede more severe symptoms, as observed in the context of occupational asthma. As indicated by Malo et al , upper respiratory symptoms can often be regarded as early warning signs for future development of occupational asthma. Rossi et al reported a 54-year-old man who worked as a kneader at a delicatessen factory. From age 25–40, his duties consisted of pouring meat into a grinder and sprinkling spices and sodium caseinate powder by hand onto the meat. By age 30, he began to develop oral symptoms of burning and itching following ingestion of dairy products. Two years later, he began to complain of nasal itching and stuffiness while at work. His symptoms resolved while he was away from work. Over the next ten years, his symptoms progressed necessitating his relocation to another department for cutting and grinding meat. He worked there for eight years without any symptoms until a kneading machine was installed near his work area. This precipitated acute onset of ocular itch, wheeze, and dyspnea. Skin prick testing was negative to common aeroallergens, but positive to both lactoglobulin and casein. Specific IgE was positive to lactoalbumin and casein. Bronchial challenge testing with sodium caseinate produced an immediate asthmatic response. In certain exposure situations, the reaction to a plant can be to its pollen rather than to the actual fruit or vegetable. In a report on 209 greenhouse employees whose rhinitis symptoms were associated with the flowering season of green bell pepper, skin prick testing was positive to the plant's pollen in 47% . An 8-year-old girl who had a history of anaphylaxis from ingestion of white potato had wheezing while walking in a white potato field during the pollen season . Cutaneous manifestations of food hypersensitivity mostly occur by ingestion or skin contact. They can occasionally occur through inhalation. In a study of 197 children allergic to fish by ingestion, 21 showed symptoms by inhalation. The symptoms were respiratory (mostly wheezing) in 9, cutaneous (mostly urticaria) in 9, and combined in 3. The exposures occurred while fish was being fried in 14, boiled in 6, and served to others nearby in 5 . Asthma is one of the most reported reactions to food by inhalation. In 1700, Bernardino Ramazzini published his Treatise on Occupational Diseases, where he described detailed observations of adverse reactions to inhaled foods in workers of various industries . Continued increase in production and consumption of seafood worldwide has led to more frequent reporting of adverse reactions in both occupational and non-occupational settings. Reported prevalence of occupational asthma to seafood, for instance, ranged from 7% to 36% . Seafood allergens, mostly heat stable high molecular weight proteins, can be aerosolized during trapping, processing, and/or cooking . They are also resistant to these processes as well as to digestive enzymes. Approximately 30% of airborne particulates are small enough (≤ 5 μm) to reach the distal airways . Pascual et al demonstrated that steam emissions from boiling salmon contained allergenic proteins shared with raw and boiled salmon meat. Occupational asthma associated with inhalation of crustaceans is more prevalent than to bony fish and molluscs. While there are inconsistent cross-reactivities among bony fish species, there is a high degree of IgE cross-reactivity among crustaceans (shrimp, crab, lobster, and crawfish) . Other foods have been implicated in causing IgE-mediated occupational asthma. Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis), a member of the Liliaceae family, is one such example. One report described a 28-year-old man who complained of rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma while harvesting raw asparagus, but was able to eat cooked asparagus without any symptoms . His skin test to asparagus was positive, and bronchial challenge with raw asparagus extract produced an immediate asthmatic response. Two control individuals with seasonal allergic asthma who were not exposed to asparagus did not react to a similar challenge. Garlic, also a member of the Liliaceae family, is known to be a potent skin contact allergen, and has been implicated in IgE-mediated reactions by inhalation. Añibarro et al studied 12 patients with rhinoconjunctivitis and/or asthma who were exposed to garlic dust as harvesters, in storage facilities, or in spice factories. Over half of these patients had immediate response (rhinitis, asthma, or both) to bronchial challenge with garlic. Asthma to food inhalation has been reported in non-occupational settings. Through a telephone survey, Sicherer et al described patients who had adverse reactions to peanuts aboard commercial flights. In 33% of patients, the reaction was by inhalation. In the majority of patients, the symptoms were rhinorrhea and wheezing. No anaphylaxis was reported. Half of the patients had a history of asthma. Through a more recent telephone survey, Comstock et al reported on reactions to peanuts and tree nuts in 41 patients (68% had history of asthma) during flights, 58% of which were by inhalation. The reactions to peanuts were about four times more than tree nuts (73% vs. 18%), probably because of more commonplace peanut distribution. Many of the reactions by inhalation were classified as severe, though none were anaphylactic. Although 32 of these patients had been previously instructed to carry self-injectable epinephrine, only twelve (38%) had it with them on the flight. In many patients, the reactions by inhalation were apparently more severe than by ingestion; a similar finding was reported in fish . There is evidence that food protein allergenicity is reduced by gastric digestion Recommended management of subjects with hypersensitivity to food inhalation Measures by the subject Strict avoidance of the offending foods Prepare own food Take long-acting antihistamine before potential accidental exposure Carry self-injectable epinephrine (2 doses), fast-acting antihistamine, and albuterol inhaler Asthma should be well-controlled Wear MedicAlert® identification Measures by airlines or schools Provide a substitute snack for affected persons Carry emergency treatment measures Educate their personnel on food allergy Green bean hypersensitivity by inhalation has been reported in a homemaker . She experienced asthma and rhinitis while boiling raw green beans, but had no symptoms upon ingestion of cooked green beans. Specific IgE testing was positive to raw green bean extract. Though skin prick testing was negative to boiled green beans, and only weakly positive to heated green bean extracts, bronchial challenge testing showed immediate reaction to both heated and unheated extracts. A five-year-old boy was so exquisitely sensitive to peanut odor that it was strictly banned from his classroom. However, he developed acute wheezing upon entering the classroom of a substitute teacher who had just eaten peanuts . It is worth noting that systemic anaphylaxis to food allergens is very rare, yet striking examples have been reported. One report described an 11-year-old boy who had anaphylaxis while his mother was cooking rice. He was able to consume rice without any symptoms, but bronchial challenge with rice induced anaphylaxis . Another report described anaphylaxis in an 8-year-old girl while white potatoes were being boiled at home . IgE-mediated allergy to potato was evidenced in her by positive skin prick, specific IgE, basophil histamine release, and passive transfer testing. A 6-year
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گرفت، منع قرار دادن بازجویی های خشن و وعده بستن زندان گوانتانامو در کیوبا بود؛ هرچند به دلیل نیافتن یک گزینه کارساز دیگر، زندانیان گوانتانامو تا هنوز در این زندان نگهداری می شود. دیک چنی در کتابش این دیدگاه اوباما را مورد استفهام قرار داده و پرسیده است که چگونه این زندان می تواند وجاهت امریکا را در جهان خدشه دار سازد. این در حالی است که حتا جورج دبلیو بوش در سال 2006 در یک کنفرانس خبری برای چنین اقدامی همنوایی نشان داده بود و گفته بود ترجیح می دهد در صورت پیدا شدن یک گزینه دیگر، گوانتانامو را ببندد. چنی در کتابش نوشته است: «این گوانتانامو نیست که (وجاهت امریکا را) خدشه دار می سازد، این منتقدان گوانتانامو اند که بر مواضع غلط پای می فشرند». تداوم سیاست خارجی کالین پاول، وزیر خارجه اسبق ایالات متحده امریکا پیتر فیور، مشاور پیشین بوش به این نظر است که هنوز هم تداوم در سیاست امنیت ملی ایالات متحده امریکا بیشتر از آنچه است که اوباما و دستیارانش مدعی اند. فیور در این زمینه این نمونه ها را می آورد: حبس نامحدودی که برخی مظنونان به تروریسم به آن دچار اند، انصراف از وعدهء بستن گوانتانامو و توسعه حملات علیه جنگجویان در پاکستان با هواپیماهای بدون سرنشین. او به این نظر است که «وقتی که ساختار قضایی جنگ ضد ترور و ابزاری که در آن به کار می رود مطرح می شود، حکومت اوباما بیشتر به حکومت بوش نزدیک است تا به برنامه انتخاباتی اوباما». مخالفان عمده دیک چنی در دور اول ریاست جمهوری جورج دبلیو بوش، کالین پاول و معاونش ریچارد ارمیتاج بودند. چنی در این کتابش خواسته است از کاندولیزا رایس تصویر یک انسان ساده دل را ارایه کند و در یکی از بخش های کتابش نوشته است که روزی رایس با چشمان اشکبار به دفترش مراجعه کرد تا در مورد تاسفش از مساله ای مربوط به سیاست امنیت ملی گفتگو کند. رایس این مطلب را که گاهی به دفتر چنی با چشمان اشکبار رفته باشد و در مورد چیزی صحبت کرده باشد، رد کرده و به چالش فراخوانده است. کالین پاول تیم امنیت ملی بوش را در دور اول ریاست جمهوری اش چنان بی عمل خوانده است که گفته است، نه تنها با هم اختلاف نظر داشتند، بلکه افکار شان با همدیگر کنار نمی آمدند. پشت و روی کتاب چنی بیشتر کوشیده است تا به تشخص بخشیدن افراد بپردازد. چنی که به مثابه معاون رییس جمهور، قدرت بیسابقه ای رویهم ریخته بود، پس از آن که کاندولیزا رایس دوست دیرینه اش و مشاور امنیت ملی بوش در اوایل سال 2005 به حیث وزیر خارجه امریکا تقرر یافت، احساس می کرد اقتدارش کمتر شده می رود. نفوذ دیک چنی هنگامی بیشتر کاهش یافت که مقامِ متحد و مرشدش دونالد رامسفلد را به حیث وزیر دفاع ایالات متحده امریکا، روبرت گیتس مرد معتدلی گرفت که در اداره اوباما نیز از این مقام برخوردار شد. رویترز / رسول رحیم ویراستار: عارف فرهمند (Phys.org) Researchers led by the Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN) at Osaka University have trained a deep neural network to correctly determine the output state of quantum bits, despite environmental noise. The team’s novel approach may allow quantum computers to become much more widely used. To make quantum computing reliable enough for consumer use, new systems will need to be created that can accurately record the output of each qubit even if there is a lot of noise in the signal. Now, a team of scientists led by SANKEN used a machine learning method called a deep neural network to discern the signal created by the spin orientation of electrons on quantum dots. “We developed a classifier based on deep neural network to precisely measure a qubit state even with noisy signals,” co-author Takafumi Fujita explains. In the experimental system, only electrons with a particular spin orientation can leave a quantum dot. When this happens, a temporary “blip” of increased voltage is created. The team trained the machine learning algorithm to pick out these signals from among the noise. “Our approach simplified the learning process for adapting to strong interference that could vary based on the situation,” senior author Akira Oiwa says. The team first tested the robustness of the classifier by adding simulated noise and drift. Then, they trained the algorithm to work with actual data from an array of quantum dots, and achieved accuracy rates over 95%. The results of this research may allow for the high-fidelity measurement of large-scale arrays of qubits in future quantum computers. نام ژنریک: - آلوپورینول نام لاتین: - Allopurinol نام تجاری: - ®Zyloprime - ®Purinol - ®Zyloric گروه دارویی- درمانی: - مهار کننده گزانتین اکسیداز - ضد نقرس و هایپراوریسمی طبقه بندی در بارداری: - گروه C اشکال دارویی: - قرص: 100 و 300 میلی گرم موارد مصرف، روش و دوزاژ: - نقرس و هایپراوریسمی: بسته به شدت حملات نقرسی دوز آن متغیر است. در صورت تجویز بالای 300 میلی گرم لازم است به صورت منقسم تجویز گردد. بالغین: نقرس خفیف روزانه 200 تا 300 میلی گرم به فرم خوراکی. نقرس شدید و توفوس های بزرگ: روزانه 400 تا 600 میلی گرم به فرم خوراکی حداکثر تا 800 میلی گرم. - پیشگیری از حملات حاد نقرس بالغین: روزانه 100 میلی گرم به فرم خوراکی وحداکثر 800 میلی گرم کودکان: بالای شش سال: روزانه 300 میلی گرم خوراکی (100 میلی گرم سه بار در روز) زیر شش سال: روزانه 150 میلی گرم خوراکی (50 میلی گرم سه بار در روز) - سنگ کلیه اگزالاتی عود کننده بالغین: روزانه 200 تا 300 میلی گرم خوراکی - هایپراوریسمی ناشی از بدخیمی ها بالغین: روزانه 600 تا 800 میلی گرم به فرم خوراکی به مدت 2 تا 3 روز همراه با مایعات فراوان مکانیسم اثر: - آلوپورینول با مهار آنزیم گزانتین اکسیداز، تولید اسید اوریک را کاهش می دهد. فارماکوکینتیک: - آلوپورینول تا 90 درصد جذب گوارشی دارد. - نیمه عمر آلوپورینول 1 تا 2 ساعت است. - دفع آلوپورینول کلیوی است. نکات با اهمیت: - در بیماری نقرس مفاصل دچار التهاب و درد می شوند که علت آن رسوب مونوسدیم اورات یا اسید اوریک است. اسید اوریک در نتیجه متابولیزه شدن 2 باز آلی آدنین و گوانین که از طریق مصرف مواد پروتئینی به بدن وارد می شوند، تولید می شود. آدنین و گوانین طی مراحلی به هیپوگزانتین و در ادامه به گزانتین تبدیل می شوند که گزانتین به اسید اوریک تبدیل می گردد. دفع اسید اوریک از طریق کلیه ها صورت می گیرد. اما اگر در این چرخه اختلالی ایجاد شود و سطح اسید اوریک در بدن افزایش یابد باعث رسوب در مفاصل شده و بیماری نقرس را ایجاد می کند. داروی آلوپورینول با مهار آنزیم گزانتین اکسیداز از تولید اسید اوریک جلوگیری می کند و باعث کاهش سطح اسید اوریک می شود. موارد منع مصرف: - حساسیت شدید به دارو - ایدیوسنکرازی - هموکروماتوز ایدوپاتیک موارد احتیاط: - حملات حاد نقرس - اختلال شدید گوارشی توام با خونریزی گوارشی - دهیدراتاسیون تضعیف مغز استخوان تداخلات دارویی: - مصرف همزمان آلوپورینول با آموکسی سیلین و آمپی سیلین احتمال بثورات پوستی را افزایش دهد. - داروهای کاهنده قند خون و ضد انعقادهای خوراکی اثرات آلوپورینول را افزایش می دهند. - مصرف همزمان آلوپورینول با کوتریموکسازول احتمال ترومبوسیتوپنی را افزایش می دهد. - دیورتیک های تیازیدی خطر مسمومیت با آلوپورینول را بالا می برند و عوامل اسیدی کننده ادرار احتمال سنگ کلیه را افزایش می دهند. عوارض جانبی: هر دارو به موازات ایجاد اثرات درمانی مورد نظر، ممکن است سبب بروز عوارض ناخواسته نیز بشود. اگرچه کلیه این عوارض در یک فرد مشاهده نمی شود ولی در صورت بروز هر یک از عوارض زیر با پزشک معالج مشورت نمایید. از جمله عوارض جانبی آلوپورینول می توان به موارد زیر اشاره کرد: - GI: تهوع، استفراغ، اسهال، سوء هاضمه، شکم درد، طعم فلز در دهان، اختلال در حس چشایی. - CNS: سردرد، پارستزی، بی خوابی، نوروپاتی محیطی، نوریت. - Derm: ریزش مو، سندرم استیون جانسون، کهیر و درماتیت، خارش و سوزش - EENT: رینیت و خونریزی بینی، کاتاراکت، اختلالات شبکیه - HEMA: تضعیف مغز استخوان، آنمی آپلاستیک و پان سیتوپنی - GU: اورمی و نارسایی کلیه - Other: تب و میوپاتی مصرف در بارداری و شیردهی: - مصرف آلوپرینول در بارداری جز گروه C می باشد. توجهات پزشکی - پرستاری: - قبل از شروع درمان با آلوپورینول CBC, SGOT, SGPT,BUN,Cr و میزان مصرف و دفع مایعات را اندازه گیری کنید. - در صورت نارسیایی کلیوی دوز آلوپورینول را تعدیل کنید. هر دو هفته یک بار اسید اوریک را کنترل کنید که باید کمتر از 6 میلی گرم در دسی لیتر باشد. - بیمار را در حین درمان با آلوپورینول به مصرف روزانه مایعات تشویق کنید. - نقرس ممکن است در اثر بعضی بیماری ها مثل لوسی حاد، پلی سایتمی حقیقی، میلوم مولتیپل، پسوریازیس و یا در اثر شیمی درمانی ایجاد شود. - وضعیت تغذیه ای بیمار را در حین درمان با آلوپورینول بررسی کنید: بیمار را به کاهش مصرف گوشت قرمز، ساردین و فراورده های پورین دار تشویق کنید. - برای کاهش عوارض گوارشی بهتر است آلورپورینول را با غذا تجویز کنید. - قبل از شروع شیمی درمانی درمان با آلوپورینول باید شروع شود. توجهات بیمار - خانواده: - مطابق دستور پزشک آلوپورینول را استفاده کنید و در صورت فراموش کردن یک دوز، دوز بعدی را دو برابر مصرف نکنید. - در طی درمان با آلوپورینول مصرف مایعات را به 2 تا 3 لیتر در روز افزایش دهید. - برای کاهش اثرات گوارشی آلوپورینول آن را با غذا میل کنید. می توان قرص های خرد شده را مصرف کرد. - در صورت برزو نشانه های ذکر شده مصرف آلوپورینول را قطع کنید: بثورات جلدی، بی حالی، احساس ناخوشی، تب و سردرد، استوماتیت. - به علت احتمال خواب آلودگی در طول درمان با آلوپورینول از انجام کارهایی که به هوشیاری کامل نیاز دارند بپرهیزید. - در حین درمان با آلوپورینول از مصرف الکل و کافئین خودداری کنید زیرا ممکن است سطح اسیداوریک را افزایش دهد. - استفاده از دوز بالای ویتامین سی ممکن است احتمال تشکیل سنگ کلیه را افزایش دهد. - در حین درمان با آلوپورینول رژیم غذایی باید طوری باشد که ادرار را قلیایی کند. شرایط نگهداری دارو: - آلوپورینول را در دمای 15 تا 25 درجه و در جای خشک نگاهداری کنید. درسنامه جامع داروهای رسمی ایران- ایران فارما تالیف دکتر سعید شهراز- دکتر طاهره غازیانی مرجع جامع داروهای ژنریک ایران با اقدامات پرستاری و مراقبت تالیف و ترجمه پوران سامی داروهای ژنریک ایران تالیف دکتر رامین خدام فارماکولوژی پایه و بالینی کاتزونگ وبسایت http://www.rxlist.com - وبسایت http://www.Drugs.com Genellikle salata,turşularda ve salçalarda kullanılır . Faydaları ise ateşe ve boğaz ağrısına iyi gelir. Sirke eski zamanlarda vebadan korunmak amacıyla kullanılırmış. Veba salgını sırasında cepte bulundurulacak bir şişe sedefotu sirkesini ara sıra koklamak vebadan koruduğu gibi hastaları da tedavi edermiş. Aynı zamanda hasta ile tedavi eden kişi arasında bulunan ateşe bir miktar sedefotu sirkesi damlatılırmış. l 2 lt. kuvvetli bir beyaz veya kırmızı üzüm sirkesi l 1 avuç deniz tuzu l 1 avuç ardıç üzümü l 1 avuç sedefotu yaprağı l 3 baş sarımsak (ufak doğranmış) l 30 gr. dövülmüş karanfil l 45 gr. doğranmış melekotu kökü 8 Mart Dünya Kadınlar Günü vesilesi ile kadınlara blogdan ufak bir hediye yollasam ne güzel olur diye düşünüyordum dün gece. Aklımda Almadovar'ın kadınları hakkında Dünya gazetelerinde veya ünlü sinema dergilerinde çıkan bir yazı bulup onu çevirmekti. Fakat kısıtlı zamanda böyle bir yazıya ulaşamayınca aklıma Dorothea Lange geldi. Fotograf tarihinin ünlü kadın fotografçısının göçmen kadınlar fotograflarından bir kaçını burdan sunarak hem Kadınlar Gününüzü kutluyorum, hem de Dorothea Lange anıyorum. Results 1-3 of 28 These are ' identity or diversity ' , ' relation ' , ' co - existence or necessary connexion ' and ʻreal existence ' . The first and third of these are merely special and interesting cases of the second , ' relation ' . Locke says that they are “ truly This might give the impression that the results of the other two , ' Ideas of Relations ' ( got by ' setting . . . [ two ideas ) ... All the Ideas we have of Relation ' , he says , “ are made up , as the others are , only of simple Ideas ' ( 11 . xxv . 11 ] . But as ... 1 ) . Caius is related to Sempronia by being her husband . What Locke calls the ' occasion ' or ' foundation of the relation is the ' Contract , and Ceremony of Marriage with Sempronia ' [ II . xxv . 1 ) . Caius is related to his son by being his What people are saying - Write a review LibraryThing ReviewUser Review - carl.rollyson - LibraryThing Book Review Locke: A Biography by Roger Woolhouse The English philosopher John Locke (1632-1704) left behind not only "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding" (1690) but also his laundry lists and ... Read full review Locke: a biographyUser Review - Not Available - Book Verdict English philosopher John Locke's theories of human nature and knowledge have deeply influenced political theory, as well as our notions about education and civil liberties, most crucially providing ... Read full review Origins and Aims of the Essay 18 other sections not shown نریمان یوسفی در گفت وگو با خبرنگار ورزشی خبرگزاری فارس، درباره وضعیت ورزشگاه قایقرانی سیروس انزلی که استقلال در هفته دوم لیگ برتر میزبان آن است، اظهار داشت: ۲۶ شکایت از ورزشگاه روئینگ انزلی از فرماندار. انزلی به نمایندگان مجلس اسلامی، تیم فوتبال و اداره کل ورزش و جوانان شهرستان انزلی و استان گیلان پای کار آمده اند و پیوسته در تلاش برای رفع مشکلات ورزشگاه هستند. وی افزود: مهمترین ایرادات ورزشگاه از جمله روشنایی، بلیط تماشاگران، صندلی های ویژه، برگشت نیمکت ذخیره از کنار زمین و ... رفع شده است. اسکوربورد را هم در ورزشگاه درست کرده اند. باید بگویم که کارهای نیمه تمام این ۲۰ سال در ۲ ماه گذشته در این ورزشگاه در حال انجام است. امروز نماینده سازمان لیگ برای ارزیابی مجدد ورزشگاه به انزلی می آید. دبیر تیم فوتبال انزلی تصریح کرد: در آخرین فصل لیگ یک، ورزشگاه روئینگ انزلی با کمترین مشکل میزبان مسابقات لیگ یک بود. چه اینکه جشن قهرمانی را با اکثر هواداران در این ورزشگاه بدون مشکل برگزار کردیم. در حال حاضر آماده پذیرایی از استقلال هستیم و مشکلی وجود ندارد، با این حال منتظر حضور نماینده سازمان لیگ هستیم. یوسفی درباره اینکه آیا این دیدار با حضور تماشاگر برگزار می شود یا خیر، گفت: هنوز چیزی به ما نگفته اند اما برای حضور تماشاگران در ورزشگاه آماده هستیم. انتهای پیام/ می توانید این مقاله را ویرایش کنید این مقاله را برای صفحه اول پیشنهاد دهید This is a guest post from Lior Levine. Find out more about him in the author bio below this post. No matter what the course of study one is following in college, it will have some demand for extra-curricular reading. The following is a list of some great books that can be utilized by college students to help them further their knowledge according to their course of interest. The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century By Thomas L.Friedman Any student involved in the study of history or politics will find this book of great interest. Even for those individuals who have a personal interest in these subjects aside from their studies will find plenty of material for debate within these pages. The book focuses on Friedman encouraging the reader to understand what the world has to offer now by being “connected” and realizing globalization is spear-headed by individuals, not conglomerates. The Art of War & The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli For those students who have need for a clearer understanding of Machiavelli, this is the book to do the job. It is a combination of two works of Machiavelli, clearly outlining the concept of power. Students of Machiavelli find that the combination of these two writings offers a clearer picture of the influence that he has had on humanity. It can be seen through this text that prominent figures have followed his advice down through the centuries. The Conservative Mind by Russell Kirk Student with a passion for learning politics will not want to pass up the opportunity to enhance their studies with The Conservative mind. All too often students who hail themselves as being conservative are shocked at some of the revelations that are presented in this reading. It provides food for thought for those that take the concept of conservatism lightly. This book clearly outlines in detail the philosophy of what conservative truly stands for. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle by James H. Ford A must read for the student of English Literature or those focusing on European History. This book is an easy read for those students who need to absorb the key issues of British history. The easy to follow time-line makes it a much more structured form of information gathering. The Elements of Style, Fourth Edition by William Strunk A prelim to writing styles is perfect for helping the new students get on the right track for all their college writing requirements. It can save hours of mistakes and rewrites for the new student. For upcoming novelists and authors, this book is one that can be constantly referenced to for simple solutions. With the combination of this book plus following updates in the world of English it provides a solid reference resource. Editors note: The Elements of Style
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ی رییس مرکز فوریت های پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تربت حیدریه نیز گفت وگو با ایرنا گفت: از ابتدای آغاز طرح سلامت نوروزی تا امروز (۲۵ اسفند پارسال) ۴۸۴ ماموریت توسط پرسنل این مرکز صورت گرفته که از این تعداد ۳۱۶ مورد ماموریت شهری و ۱۶۸ مورد نیز ماموریت های جاده ای بوده است. جمعیت هلال احمر تربت حیدریه دارای سه پایگاه ثابت در مناطق گرماب، کامه و زاوه، می باشد. پایگاه گرماب در فاصله ۵۰ کیلومتری تربت حیدریه امدادرسانی تا رباط سنگ را پوشش می دهد. پایگاه کامه در فاصله ۲۵ کیلومتری تربت حیدریه جلگه رخ تا کارخانه کاشی را تحت پوشش دارد. پایگاه زاوه در فاصله ۳۰ کیلومتری تربت حیدریه کل مسیر تربت حیدریه تا مشهد را پوشش می دهد. شهرستان ۲۲۵ هزار نفری تربت حیدریه در ۱۵۰ کیلومتری جنوب غربی مشهد قرار دارد. منبع:ایرنا انتهای پیام خبرگزاری مهر: روزنامه انگلیسی دیلی استار نوشت آمریکا با استقرار ناوهای جنگی، به پرواز درآوردن جنگنده بمب افکن ها و اعزام نظامیان خود به شبه جزیره کره در حال محاصره کردن کره شمالی است. بر این اساس همزمان با سفر دوره ای «دونالد ترامپ» رئیس جمهور آمریکا به کشورهای آسیای شرقی نظامیان این کشور به حالت آماده باش در آمده اند. این در حالی است که بحران کره شمالی محور مذاکرات رئیس جمهور آمریکا با سران کشورهای آسیایی است. این روزنامه افزود ترامپ در زمانی بحران کره شمالی را بررسی می کند که یک نیروی نظامی قدرتمند و بزرگ از تلاش های وی حمایت می کند. در همین راستا ارتش آمریکا در حالی سه ناو هواپیمابر نزدیک آب های شبه جزیره کره مستقر می کند که این اقدام آمریکا در طول ۱۰ سال گذشته بی سابقه است. هر یک از این ناوهای هواپیمابر حامل یک نیروی ضربت دریایی (واکنش سریع) متشکل از بیش از ۹۰ فروند جنگنده و بالگرد و همچنین نیروی همراه از جمله کشتی جنگی، ناوشکن و زیردریایی است. همچنین ۷۰ فروند کشتی جنگی متعلق به فرماندهی ناوگان هفتم نیروی دریایی آمریکا مستقر در ژاپن شامل چندین زیردریایی و ناوشکن را باید به این ناوها افزود. گفتنی است آمریکا چند هفته قبل نیز چندین فروند جنگنده شبح اف-۳۵ و همچنین بیش از ۸۰ هزار نظامی به کره جنوبی و ژاپن اعزام کرد. به گزارش خبرگزاری مهر به نقل از شینهوا، ماریو دراگی که در اجلاس اقتصاد سخن می گفت، افزود: چشم انداز منطقه یورو نسبت به هفت سال گذشته، روشن تر است اما همچنان نیاز به تلاش های بیشتری در این زمینه داریم. وی با بیان اینکه اقدامات صورت گرفته طی سال های گذشته نتوانسته بدهی های عظیم کشورهای عضو را پرداخت کند، افزود: اقدامات انجام گرفته به معنای پایان چالش های ما نیست و تمام مشکلات ما را حل نکرده است. وی خواستار مشارکت دادن دولت ها در اصلاحات ساختاری به طور سیستماتیک شد تا بار دیگر اقتصاد اروپا شاهد رشد و پیشرفت باشد. دراگی در عین حال هشدار داد که چشم انداز کنونی و نتایج ارزیابی ها حاکی از آن است که رشد اقتصادی در منطقه یورو کمتر از یک درصد خواهد بود و میزان بالای بیکاری می تواند دائمی باشد. If Human Life Has Intrinsic Value Is Euthanasia Always Immoral? The term euthanasia means death without suffering, or a good death. There are four ways to qualify the word euthanasia. Voluntary euthanasia is when a patient makes a conscious decision that his or her life should end, and asks for help in doing so. This is sometimes called assisted suicide. Involuntary euthanasia is when an individual in society makes a positive decision to end the life of someone suffering without consent from the sufferer. Active euthanasia implies some active step, for example the giving of a drug, has been taken to cause the death of a sufferer. ... - Creative Expression Allows People to Attempt to Escape from what They View as Painful Realities of Human Existence - Essence of Empowerment. Human Relations - If Human Life Has Intrinsic Value Is Euthanasia Always Immoral? E-pasta adrese, uz kuru nosūtīt darba saiti: Saite uz darbu: San Giovanni Evangelista, la storia della Chiesa «Galla Placidia, suo figlio Placido Valentiniano Augusto e sua figlia Giusta Grata Onoria hanno rispettato i voti presi per essere stati salvati dalle intemperie del mare». Così recita l’iscrizione in marmo sulla chiesa di San Giovanni Evangelista, in memoria dello scampato naufragio di Galla Placidia (392-450 d.C.) e i suoi figli al largo della costa ravennate. Tradizione vuole, difatti, che la chiesa sia stata edificata come ex voto dall’Imperatrice e che l’episodio sia riferibile al viaggio da Costantinopoli a Ravenna dopo la morte del fratello Onorio per assumere la reggenza dell’impero d’Occidente nelle veci del figlio Valentiniano, allora troppo piccolo. La vicenda doveva essere ricordata nella perduta decorazione musiva nell’abside, di cui è rintracciabile una copia in un codice del XIV° secolo nella biblioteca Classense. La leggenda narra che il giorno prima della consacrazione della chiesa San Giovanni si manifestò a Galla Placidia, lasciandole in pegno il suo sandalo, divenuto reliquia fondante; la scena dell’imperatrice che abbraccia i piedi del santo è raffigurata nel portale gotico del XIV secolo, antistante l’ingresso alla chiesa. L’edificazione dell’edificio avvenne tra il 425 e il 434 d.C.; la sua struttura originaria, d’ispirazione orientale, era più corta di tre campate rispetto all’attuale, con tre navate, un abside poligonale all’esterno e un nartece preceduto da un portico impostato su pilastri. Le pareti e i pavimenti di questi ambienti dovevano presentare una ricca decorazione musiva: l’unico lacerto rinvenuto – attribuibile al portico o al nartece – è stato rintracciato di fronte l’attuale facciata, in corrispondenza della navata nord a una profondità di 3,05 metri. Da numerosi studiosi è accreditata l’ipotesi che l’allungamento dell’edificio, con conseguente inglobamento del nartece, sarebbe da collocare tra l’VIII e il X secolo (quando fu eretto il campanile). L’aspetto esterno, inoltre, era molto diverso da quello attuale: l’edificio era probabilmente intonacato, in parte mosaicato. Dalle cronache medievali e le descrizioni del Liber Pontificalis Ecclesiae Ravennatis1 di Andrea Agnello è possibile formulare ipotesi circa la struttura originaria del perduto mosaico absidale. Come si accennava di sopra, il catino absidale accoglieva in alto le scene narranti lo scampato naufragio dell’Imperatrice; al centro un Cristo in trono con dodici libri aperti ai lati, simbolo degli apostoli; nella parte bassa i quattro animali emblemi degli evangelisti; infine il vescovo di Ravenna protetto da una teoria di divi imperatori. La decorazione doveva celebrare l’avvento di Galla Placidia e significarne la legittimazione dalla volontà divina. Oggi gli elementi originali osservabili sono ben pochi, restano le 24 colonne di marmo proconnesio e i capitelli corinzi pertinenti a uno spoglio di un qualche edificio preesistente. In epoche diverse l’edificio subì numerose modifiche e rifacimenti – talvolta anche di destinazione d’uso – fino al Secondo conflitto mondiale, quando le truppe aeree dell’esercito inglese, nel tentativo di bombardare la stazione ferroviaria della città, ne provocarono la quasi totale distruzione. I lavori di ricostruzione, scongiurati i pericoli di demolizione dei resti, iniziarono nel 1946. XI – XIII Secolo. I cicli musivi medievali Nel 1763, uno scavo commissionato dall’abate Guaccimanni rivelò la presenza di una serie di lacerti di mosaico pavimentale risalenti al XIII secolo in corrispondenza della navata centrale della basilica di San Giovanni, a circa m 1,75 al di sotto del piano di calpestio. I reperti furono dapprima conservati presso la Cappella di San Bartolomeo, poi trasferiti in una fase successiva lungo le pareti della Basilica, dove sono visibili ancora oggi. La realizzazione di questi mosaici pavimentali fu conseguente a un nuovo rialzo del piano di calpestio di circa 0,50 metri, per cui un’iscrizione fornisce il nome del committente e la data: «dns: Abbas Guillelmus hoc op(us) anno millesimo duecentesimo tertio decimo». Ogni mosaico è incorniciato da una fascia ornamentale ed è stato riportato alla luce come pannello separato; un aspetto tale ha portato a un’interpretazione e a uno studio dei mosaici nella loro singolarità, come mere raffigurazioni di temi e immagini. Al contrario, esse sono parte di un’ampia narrazione, da leggere come un programma iconografico unitario. Dallo stile sintetico e lontani dalla preziosità tipica delle decorazioni parietali, i mosaici si distinguono per linearità e, taluni, per limitata gamma cromatica. L’immediatezza delle scene rappresentate è conferita da un linguaggio semplice, in cui le posture dei personaggi, i gesti e l’abbigliamento sono significanti espliciti di un messaggio. Analogamente ai caratteri compositivi delle miniature, manchevoli di proporzioni tra figure e sfondo, questi mosaici rispecchiano pienamente le modalità narrative medievali. In particolare, i mosaici a est della navata mediana raffigurano episodi riferibili alla quarta crociata (1202-1204), contemporanei alle devastazioni subite dalle città di Zara e Costantinopoli. L’esito di quella crociata dovette avere a Ravenna una particolare rilevanza poiché associata con la fondazione dell’Impero latino di Costantinopoli e l’elezione a patriarca del veneziano-ravennate Francesco Morosini. I crociati sono qui rappresentati con armi quali lance, spade, scudi e tipiche armature come camaglio e usbergo. Tuttavia, oltre alla violenza degli scontri tra eserciti, non mancano scene d’amor cortese e raffigurazioni di mesi, fiori e animali, questi ultimi dalla palese simbologia moraleggiante e dalla più ricca qualità cromatica. Come la tradizione iconografica medievale vuole2, la presenza di animali e vegetazione stava a indicare un rimando a vizi e virtù; in questo ciclo musivo possiamo identificare un bue, un cervo, due pesci, due fiori, un unicorno e una colomba, che com’è noto simboleggiavano purezza, fede, speranza e carità. Al contrario, animali come la tigre, la lamia, l’arpia, la sirena e la volpe erano creature che incarnavano una serie di vizi maligni quali seduzione, rabbia e vanità. In epoca medievale ad esempio la figura dell’unicorno, che vediamo inclusa tra gli animali del ciclo musivo, era associata a un’idea di purezza, umiltà e invincibilità al contempo. Dall’irruenza indomabile, l’unicorno poteva essere ammansito soltanto mediante intercessione di una vergine immacolata. Il corno posto sulla fronte era segno di penetrazione divina, analogamente alla fecondazione dello Spirito Santo nella Vergine. Unici per i temi affrontati, i mosaici pavimentali di San Giovanni Evangelista restano dunque tra i rari esempi del primo ‘200 ravennate, nonché testimonianza preziosa della cultura medievale. SAN GIOVANNI EVANGELISTA Piazzale Anita Garibaldi, 48121 Ravenna RA 8 – 12 /14.30 – 19 1 Una raccolta delle biografie dei quarantanove vescovi della Chiesa di Ravenna dall’evangelizzatore S. Apollinare fino all’arcivescovo Giorgio (846). L’opera è fonte principale per lo studio della città e dei suoi monumenti; fu scritta in forma di lectiones per i confratelli e pervenuta in due manoscritti (Modena, Bibl. Estense, V F 19, sec. 15°; Roma, BAV, lat. 5834, sec. 16°). Tra il 1708 e il 1924 è stata pubblicata ben quattro volte. 2 Possiamo prendere a riferimento a tal proposito il Physiologus (Il Fisiologo), opera redatta tra il II e il IV secolo d. C. ad Alessadria d’Egitto da autore ignoto, probabilmente appartenente all’ambiente gnostico. L’opera raccoglie le descrizioni di pietre, piante e animali reali e immaginari intesi in chiave allegorica come rimando a significati religiosi e metafisici. Altra fonte assimilabile è il Roman de Renart (Romanzo di Renart), raccolta di favole satiriche in lingua francese del XII/XIII secolo in cui, secondo il topos letterario del mondo alla rovescia, ad agire al posto degli esseri umani ci sono degli animali. During the many years that we have been writing about wind factories, one of the main headline issues has been the calm periods, when little power is produced. Coming up fast on the agenda, though, is the opposite end of the spectrum. The windmills produce power when it's not wanted – the so-called "wrong time" power. And what is remarkable is the sheer scale of the problem, recorded in Germany by the Financial Times Deutschland (FTD) at about 407 gigawatt hours, "enough to supply a city with 100,000 households for 15 months". As the amount of renewable electricity increases, this problem can only get worse. Thus, we already have the Bornholm experiment and the "EcoGrid EU", trialing systems which they hope will balance supply and demand. Planners also hope to enlist electric cars in the scheme, using them to store surplus electricity. But such is the desperation that utility companies are even turning to the obsolete technology of night storage heaters. With the story picked up by Spiegel, we learn that energy supplier RWE wants to revive these electric heaters, equipping them with modern control technology (i.e., "smart meters"), allowing their use as energy storage for fluctuating amounts of electricity from windmills. Domestic systems will be set to allow the heaters to use cheap electricity when it is over-abundant, yet shut them down when the prices increase above pre-set levels. But it isn't only the "wrong-time" electricity that is the problems. Apparently, as demand fluctuates out of synch with the highly variable wind-generated supply, windmills have to be shut down, making the economics of renewable energy even more precarious. The year 2011 had three times as many wind turbines forced to stand idle then the year previously. Thus, storage heaters can keep more windmills in use. FTD admits that it is desperation that is forcing power companies to resort to every opportunity for temporary storage of energy, and even though night storage heaters lose a lot of energy, the loss is deemed preferable to shutting down windmills or unbalancing the system. It comes to a pretty pass, therefore, when to protect their precious renewables, energy companies are about to promote the wasteful use of electricity, and doubly so when they are also spending a fortune of our money to promote "efficiency". Even then, this is far from a solution. How consumers heat their homes when the wind is not blowing is a problem which has yet to be solved. This has Felix Matthes, an energy expert at the Institute for Applied Ecology, saying that storage heaters are not suitable as large batteries. He believes such devices, with those in use already set to be banned because of their inefficiency, should remain banned. Nevertheless, such mad schemes are set to continue – an inevitable consequence of letting the NWO Greens set the agenda for electricity supply. And, what is happening in Germany today will be on our doorsteps in a few years time. There is no end to the madness. This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Pichakaree (or pichakaaree) is an Indo-Trinidadian form of music, which originated in Trinidad and Tobago. It is named after the long syringe-like tubes used to spray abir during Phagwah celebrations. Pichakaree songs are generally social commentary, and are sung using a mixture of Hindi, English and Bhojpuri words. The musical form was devised by RaviJi, spiritual leader of the Hindu Prachar Kendra, as an Indo-Trinidadian counterpoint to calypso. Pichakaree competitions are an integral part of Phagwa celebrations hosted by the Hindu Prachar Kendra. This has been criticised by Satnarayan Maharaj of the Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha (the largest Hindu organisation in Trinidad and Tobago), saying that Phagwah is a religious celebration, and "A sacred occasion like Phagwa must not be used to piggy-back behaviour that is adharamic (anti-religious in the Vedic Tradition). Relation with tantra |This article about a music genre is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.| سلامت نیوز: نماینده ستاد کل نیروهای مسلح در شورای عالی نظام پرستاری از اجرای قانون ارتقا بهره وری در مراکز درمانی نیروهای مسلح از 2 هفته دیگر خبر داد. به گزارش سلامت نیوز به نقل از مهر، حسن مهابادی گفت: طی 2 هفته آینده قانون و آیین نامه اجرایی آن برای اجرا به مراکز درمانی و بیمارستان های وابسته ابلاغ می شود. وی با بیان اینکه بودجه لازم برای این منظور در نظر گرفته شده است، ادامه داد: ما نیز این قانون را همچون دیگر بیمارستان های سطح کشور اجرا می کنیم. نماینده ستاد کل نیروهای مسلح در شورای عالی نظام پرستاری گفت: پرستاران نیروهای مسلح همیشه آماده خدمت رسانی به ملت شریف ایران تحت نظر مقام عظمای ولایت و آماده برای انجام امور بهداشتی و درمانی و مراقبتهای لازم در بحرانها و حوادث غیرمترقبه هستند. کد خبر: JPa8M زمان: ۰۰:۳۰ ۱۳۹۸/۰۴/۲۳ بازدید: ۱۷۵۷۳ لوکاس مورا: لوکاس مورا، ستاره برزیلی تاتنهام، معتقد است که ویرژیل فن دایک، مدافع لیورپول، یکی از سه بازیکن برتر دنیا در فصل اخیر بوده اما این ادعا که دریبل زدن این مدافع هلندی غیرممکن است را رد کرد. به گزارش “ورزش سه”، فن دایک که در ژانویه ۲۰۱۸ به لیورپول پیوست، خیلی زود به یکی از ارکان اصلی این تیم تبدیل شد و کمک کرد تا این تیم در فصل اخیر قهرمان چمپیونزلی
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water. Another pest, the Red Spider (Tetranychus telarius) is most destructive in very hot summers. Congregating on the under surfaces of the leaves, the red spiders exhaust the sap and cause the leaves to fall. The Quassia and Soft Soap Hopwash is of little avail in the case of Red Spider. Some success has attended the use of a solution consisting of 8 to 10 lb. of soft soap to 100 gallons of water, with 3 pints of paraffin added. It must be applied with great force, to break through the webs with which the spiders protect themselves. Hop washing is done by means of large garden engines worked by hand or by horseengines: even steam-engines have sometimes been employed. Among fungoid parasites, Mould or Mildew is frequently the cause of loss to Hop planters. It is due to the action of the fungus Podosphaera castagnei, and the mischief is more especially that done to the cones. The remedy is sulphur, employed usually in the form of flowers of sulphur, from 40 to 60 lb. per acre being applied at each sulphuring, distributed by means of a blast pipe. The first sulphuring takes place when the plants are fairly up the poles and is repeated three or four weeks later, and even again if indications of mildew are present. Sulphur is also successfully employed in the form of an alkaline sulphur, such as a solution of liver of sulphur, a variety of potassium sulphide. Parts Used Medicinally: (a) The strobiles, collected and dried as described. (b) The Lupulin, separated from the strobiles by sifting. Chemical Constituents: The aromatic odour of the Hop strobiles is due to a volatile oil, of which they yield about 0.3 to 1.0 per cent. It appears to consist chiefly of the sesquiterpene Humulene. Petroleum spirit extracts 7 to 14 per cent of a powerfully antiseptic soft resin, and ether extracts a hard resin. The petroleum spirit extract contains the two crystalline bitter principles (a) Lupamaric acid (Humulone), (b) Lupamaric acid (Lupulinic acid). These bodies are chiefly contained in the glands at the base of the bracts. The leafy organs contain about 5 per cent of tannin which is not a constituent of the glands. Hops yield about 7 per cent Ash. The oil and the bitter principle combine to make Hops more useful than Chamomile, Gentian or any other bitter in the manufacture of beer: hence the medicinal value of extra-hopped or bitter beer. The tannic acid contained in the strobiles adds to the value of Hops by causing precipitation of vegetable mucilage and consequently the cleansing of beer. Fresh Hops possess a bitter aromatic taste and a strong characteristic odour. The latter, however, changes and becomes distinctly unpleasant as the Hops are kept. This change is ascribed to oxidation of the soft resin with production of Valerianic acid. On account of the rapid change in the odour of Hops, the recently dried fruits should alone be used: these may be recognized by the characteristic odour and distinctly green colour. Those which have been subjected to the treatment of sulphuring are not to be used in pharmacy. This process is conducted with a view of improving the colour and odour of the Hops, since sulphuric acid is found to retard the production of the Valerianic odour and to both preserve and improve the colour of the Hops. Lupulin, which consists of the glandular powder present on the seeds and surface of the scales, may be separated by shaking the strobiles. The drug occurs in a granular, brownish-yellow powder, with the strong odour and bitter aromatic taste characteristic of Hops. The glands readily burst on the application of slight pressure and discharge their granular oleo-resinous contents. Commercial Lupulin is often of a very inferior quality, and consists of the sifted sweepings from the floors of hop-kilns. It should contain not more than 40 per cent of matter insoluble in ether and not yield more than 12 per cent of ash on incineration. A dark colour and disagreeable odour indicates an old drug. The chief constituent of Lupulin is about 3 per cent of volatile oil, which consists chiefly of Humulene, together with various oxygenated bodies to which the oil owes its peculiar odour. Other constituents are the two Lupamaric acids, cholene and resin. Lupulin is official both in the British Pharmacopoeia and the United States Pharmacopoeia. Medicinal Action and Uses: Hops have tonic, nervine, diuretic and anodyne properties. Their volatile oil produces sedative and soporific effects, and the Lupamaric acid or bitter principle is stomachic and tonic. For this reason Hops improve the appetite and promote sleep. The official preparations are an infusion and a tincture. The infusion is employed as a vehicle, especially for bitters and tonics: the tincture is stomachic and is used to improve the appetite and digestion. Both preparations have been considered to be sedative, were formerly much given in nervousness and hysteria and at bedtime to induce sleep; in cases of nervousness, delirium and inflammation being considered to produce a most soothing effect, frequently procuring for the patient sleep after long periods of sleeplessness in overwrought conditions of the brain. The bitter principle in the Hop proves one of the most efficacious vegetable bitters obtainable. An infusion of 1/2 oz. Hops to 1 pint of water will be found the proper quantity for ordinary use. It has proved of great service also in heart disease, fits, neuralgia and nervous disorders, besides being a useful tonic in indigestion, jaundice, and stomach and liver affections generally. It gives prompt ease to an irritable bladder, and is said to be an excellent drink in cases of delirium tremens. Sherry in which some Hops have been steeped makes a capital stomachic cordial. A pillow of warm Hops will often relieve toothache and earache and allay nervous irritation. An infusion of the leaves, strobiles and stalks, as Hop Tea, taken by the wineglassful two or three times daily in the early spring, is good for sluggish livers. Hop Tea in the leaf, as frequently sold by grocers, consists of Kentish Hop leaves, dried, crushed under rollers and then mixed with ordinary Ceylon or Indian Tea. The infusion combines the refreshment of the one herb with the sleepinducing virtues of the other. Hop juice cleanses the blood, and for calculus trouble nothing better can be found than the bitter principle of the Hop. A decoction of the root has been esteemed as of equal benefit with Sarsaparilla. As an external remedy, an infusion of Hops is much in demand in combination with chamomile flowers or poppy heads as a fomentation for swelling of a painful nature, inflammation, neuralgic and rheumatic pains, bruises, boils and gatherings. It removes pain and allays inflammation in a very short time. The Hops may also be applied as a poultice. The drug Lupulin is an aromatic bitter and is reputed to be midly sedative, inducing sleep without causing headache. It is occasionally administered as a hypnotic, either in pills with alcohol, or enclosed in a cachet. Preparations of Lupulin are not much used in this country, although official, but in the United States they are considered preferable for internal use. RECIPES FOR HERB BEERS Formerly every farmhouse inn had a brewing plant and brewhouse attached to the buildings, and all brewed their own beer till the large breweries were established and supplanted home-brewed beers. Many of these farmhouses then began to brew their own 'stingo' from wayside herbs, employing old rustic recipes that had been carried down from generation to generation. The true value of vegetable bitters and of herb beers have yet to be recognized by all sections of the community. Workmen in puddling furnaces and potteries in the Midland and Northern counties find, however, that a tea made of tonic herbs is cheaper and less intoxicating than ordinary beer and patronize the herb beers freely, Dandelion Stout ranking as one of the favourites. It is also made in Canada. Dandelion is a good ingredient in many digestive or diet drinks. A dinner drink may be made as follows: Take 2 OZ. each of dried Dandelion and Nettle herbs and 1 OZ. of Yellow Dock. Boil in 1 gallon of water for 15 minutes and then strain the liquor while hot on to 2 Lb. of sugar, on the top of which is sprinkled 2 tablespoonsful of powdered Ginger. Leave till milk-warm, then add boiled water gone cold to bring the quantity up to 2 gallons. The temperature must then not be above 75 degrees F. Now dissolve 1/2 oz. solid yeast in a little of the liquid and stir into the bulk. Allow to ferment 24 hours, skim and bottle, and it will be ready for use in a day or two. A good, pleasant-tasting botanic beer is also made of the Nettle alone. Quantities of the young fresh tops are boiled in a gallon of water, with the juice of two lemons, a teaspoonful of crushed ginger and 1 Lb. of brown sugar. Fresh yeast is floated on toast in the liquor, when cold, to ferment it, and when it is bottled the result is a specially wholesome sort of ginger beer. Meadow Sweet was also formerly much in favour. The mash when worked with barm made a pleasant drink, either in the harvest field or at the table. It required little sugar, some even made it without any sugar at all. Another favourite brew was that of armsful of Meadowsweet, Yarrow, Dandelion and Nettles, and the mash when 'sweetened with old honey' and well worked with barm, and then bottled in big stoneware bottles, made a drink strong enough to turn even an old toper's head. Old honeycomb from the thatch of an ancient cottage, filled with rich and nearly black honey, when boiled into syrup and then strained, was used in the making of herb beer, while the wax was put at the mouths of the hives for the bees. Dandelion, Meadowsweet and Agrimony, equal quantities of each, would also be boiled together for 20 minutes (about 2 OZ. each of the dried herbs to 2 gallons of water), then strained and 2 lb. of sugar and 1/2 pint of barm or yeast added. This was bottled after standing in a warm place for 12 hours. This recipe is still in use. A Herb Beer that needs no yeast is made from equal quantities of Meadowsweet, Betony, Agrimony and Raspberry leaves (2 OZ. of each) boiled in 2 gallons of water for 15 minutes, strained, then 2 lb. of white sugar added and bottled when nearly cool. In some outlying islands of the Hebrides there is still brewed a drinkable beer by making two-thirds Heath tops with one-third of malt. HOP BITTERS, as an appetiser, to be taken in tablespoonful doses three times in the day before eating, may be made as follows: Take 2 OZ. of Buchu leaves and 1/2 lb. of Hops. Boil these in 5 quarts of water in an iron vessel for an hour. When lukewarm add essence of Winter green (Pyrola) 2 OZ. and 1 pint alcohol. Another way of making Hop Bitters is to take 1/2 oz. Hops, 1 OZ. Angelica Herb and 1 OZ. Holy Thistle. Pour 3 pints of boiling water on them and strain when cold. A wineglassful may be taken four times a day. To make a good HOP BEER, put 2 OZ. Hops in 2 quarts of water for 15 minutes. Then strain and dissolve 1 lb. of sugar in the liquor. To this add 4 quarts of cold water and 2 tablespoonsful of fresh barm. Allow to stand for 12 hours in a warm place and it will then be ready for bottling. 学院简介 列宾美院(俄语:Академия художеств,全名是:油画、雕塑与建筑艺术研究学院)。原俄罗斯皇家美术学院。圣彼得堡列宾美术学院是俄罗斯美术教育的最高学府,培养出了许多世界知名美术家。是世界著名的四大美术学院之一。学院建于1757年,原名圣彼得堡艺术学院(St. Petersburg Academy of Arts),叶卡捷琳娜大帝时更名为帝国艺术学院(Imperial Academy of Arts),现学院主体建筑完工于1789年,位于大瓦河以北瓦西里岛南侧大学滨河路北面,河边有著名的斯芬克斯像。1947年以后更名为列宾列宁格勒绘画雕塑建筑学院(Ilya Repin Leningrad Institute for Painting, Sculpture and Architecture),1991年以后更名为圣彼得堡绘画雕塑建筑学院(St. Petersburg Institute for Painting, Sculpture and Architecture)。 教学方式 学院的教学内容以教育计划和科目所确定。在实施这些计划的过程中,以教授指导和个人工作室为主。这些教授大部分是有名的美术家,大多数是美术科学院的院士和通讯院士。美术学院为学生营造了独一无二的学习环境,包括工作室,教室,博物馆里的实际操作练习,授课,讲习班和课堂讨论;学习临和绘画创作;教师辅导和学生独立工作;实验室工作,年级设计和毕业创作。 招生相关 1.高中毕业并有美术基础。 2.提供艺术作品(原作、照片) 3.油画、版画系需提供:静物画、肖像画(照片) 4.雕塑系雕塑专业需提供:人头画、构图、雕塑(照片) 5.建筑设计系设计专业提供:人头画、城市风景画、静物画、室内设计(照片) همچنین در این روز شاخص صنعت نیز با رشدی 296 واحدی مواجه شد و شاخص های بازار اول و دوم به ترتیب 149 و 120 واحد بالا رفتند. در این روز نمادهای پالایش نفت بندرعباس ، هلدینگ پارسیان، مپنا و پالایش نفت اصفهان بیشترین تاثیر مثبت رات بر شاخص ثبت کردند و بیشترین تاثیر منفی بر شاخص نیز از نمادهای هلدینگ خلیج فارس، ملی مس و بانک صادرات بود. بیشترین افزایش قیمت ها نیز در نمادها آلومراد ، پمپ سازی ایران، ایران دارو، لبنیات کالبر، سیمان شرق، لامپ پارس شهاب و البرز دارو ثبت شد. بیشترین کاهش قیمت ها نیز متعلق به نمادهای لنت ترمز ایران، بیمه دانا، کاغذ سازی کاوه، کارت اعتباری ایران کیش، بانک تجارت، بانک پارسیان و صنایع جوشکاب یزد بود. طولانی ترین صف های خرید نیز در نمادهای پالایش نفت بندرعباس، کشتیرانی، صنایع اذراب، مپنا، تایدواتر خاورمیانه، توسعه معادن روی و ایران ترانسفو تشکیل شد . این در حالی بود که سهامداران شرکت های کارت اعتباری ایران کیش، بیمه دانا، سایپا، پالایش نفت تبریز، پارس خودرو، نیرو ترانس و آلومتک با طولانی ترین صف های فروش را برای خروج از این نمادها تشکیل دادند. بیشترین ارزش معاملات نیز در نمادهای پالایش نفت بندرعباس، هلدینگ خلیج فارس، بانک صادرات، پالایش نفت اصفهان، هلدینگ پارسیان، سرمایه گذاری توسعه ملی و پتروشیمی فناوران ثبت شد. بیشترین حجم معاملات امروز متعلق به نمادهای بانک صادرات، گروه توسعه ملی، ایران خودرو، گروه بهمن، پالایش نفت بندرعباس، تاپیکو و بانک پاسارگاد بود. همچنین پر بیننده ترین نمادهای بازار نیز پالایش نفت بندرعباس، تاپیکو، ایران خودرو، پالایش نفت اصفهان، هلدینگ خلیج فارس، بانک صادرات و مپنا بودند. Down-sendromu en fazla görülen kromozom anomalisidir. İnsan vücudu oldukça fazla sayıda hücrelerden bir araya gelmiştir. Her bir hücre içinde genetik bilgilerin bulunduğu iplik tarzında “kromozom” dediğimiz yapı vardır. Kromozom sayısı normalde 46 adettir. Ancak bu sayı Down-sendromlu bireylerde 47 dir. Bu fazla kromozom 21. kromozom çiftinde olduğundan Down-sendromuna aynı zamanda Trizomi 21 de denmektedir. Down-Sendromlu bebeklerde doğum sonrası görülen bazı ortak özellikler: • Yüz: Down-Sendromlu bir çocuğun yüzü genelde yuvarlakça ve basıktır. • Baş: Brakisefaliktir. • Gözler: Hemen tüm Down-Sendromlu çocukların gözleri badem gibi yukarı doğru çekiktir. Gözlerinin burun taraflarında “epikantus” denen bir deri kıvrımı vardır. Yeni doğanlarda göz içinde beyaz veya hafif sarı lekeler olabilir. Bunlar zaman içinde kaybolur. • Saçlar: Saçlar genelde yumuşak, seyrek ve parlaktır. • Ense: Down-Sendromlu yenidoğanın ensesinde büyüdükçe kaybolan bir deri kıvrımı gözlenebilir. Saç çizgisi ensede genelde daha yüksektedir. Ense daha düz gibi durmaktadır. • Kas tonusu: Yenidoğanların boyun ve diğer eklemleri gevşektir. Çocuklar ele alındığında pelte gibi gözlenir. Yani kasları gevşektir. Buna Hipotoni denir. • Ağız : Ağızları genellikle küçüktür. Damaklari yüksektir. Tüm kaslarda olduğu gibi dilin, ve ağız kaslarının gevşekliği nedeniyle dil genelde dışarı sarkıktır. • Eller: Eller geniş ve parmaklar kısadır. Bir çoğunda avuç içinde enlemesine kalın bir çizgi vardır. (Simian hattı) • Ayaklar: Ayaklar genellikle dardır ve ayak baş parmak ile ikinci parmak arasında bir boşluk vardır.(Sandalet boşluğu) • Boy: Down-Sendromlu çocukların kilosu ve boyu doğumda genellikle normalden pek farklı değildir. Bazıları ise ortalamanın biraz altında olabilirler. Erişkin yaşta genelde kısa boylu
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زندگی سالم به ما کمک می کند تا بتوانیم به بهترین نحوه از فشارخون بالا پیشگیری کنیم و به بیماری ها قلبی ناشی از آن دچار نشویم. اقدامات زیر در داشتن سبک زندگی سالم موثر هستند: - وزن مناسب: توجه داشته باشید فشارخون معمولا با افزایش وزن، افزایش پیدا می کند. کاهش وزن از موثرترین شیوه ها برای کاهش فشارخون می باشد. - فعالیت بدنی مناسب: ورزش روزانه، فعالیتی مفید برای کاهش فشارخون می باشد. روزانه 30 دقیقه ورزش باعث می شود فشارخون 5 تا 8 میلی متر کاهش پیدا کند. - رژیم غذایی سالم: استفاده کمتر از غذاهای پر چرب و حاوی مقدار زیادی سدیم در پیشگیری و کنترل فشارخون بالا بسیار اهمیت دارند. مصرف روزانه میوه و سبزیجات در کاهش فشار خون بسیار موثر است. - اندازه گیری منظم فشارخون در خانه: یکی از روش های موثر در کنترل فشارخون اندازه گیری منظم فشارخون می باشد زیرا فشار خون معمولا بدون علائم می باشد و اندازه گیری آن به ما کمک می کند که از داشتن این بیماری مطلع باشیم. - دوری از استرس - داشتن خواب کافی - ترک سیگار درمان فشار خون بالا در منزل اگر فشار خون بالا درمان نشود مشکلاتی همچون سکته قلبی، سکته مغزی و نارسایی کلیه ها را به دنبال دارد به همین دلیل باید اقداماتی را برای درمان این بیماری درپیش گرفت. در ادامه با برخی از این اقدامات آشنا می شویم: - کاهش مصرف نمک و سدیم: تحقیقات انجام شده نشان می دهد که مصرف بی رویه نمک و سدیم باعث افزایش فشارخون می شود. مصرف غذاهای فراوری شده و پر نمک را کاهش دهید و سبزیجات و غذاهای تازه را جایگزین آنها کنید تا فشارخون کاهش پیدا کند. - کاهش مصرف کافئین: کافئین در قهوه و چای های کافئین دار ضربان قلب را زیاد کرده و باعث افزایش فشار خون شده و افرادی که مصرف کافئین بالایی دارند بیشتر در معرض حمله های قلبی می باشند. برای مدتی مصرف کافئین را قطع کنید و وضعیت را مشاهده کنید. - مصرف غذاهای پتاسیم دار: پتاسیم یک ماده معدنی مهم در بدن است که غلظت سدیم در بدن را کاهش داده و فشارخون را متعادل نگه می دارد. غذاهایی که سرشار از سدیم هستند مانند: - سبزیجات برگ دار، گوجه فرنگی، سیب زمینی - میوه هایی از جمله خربزه، موز، پرتقال و زردآلو - آجیل، حبوبات - ماهی تن و ماهی آزاد - لبنیات مثل شیر و ماست - خوردن شکلات تلخ یا کاکائو: شکلات تلخ یا کاکائو دارای مقدار زیادی از فلاونوئیدها هستند که این ماده باعث گشاد شدن رگ های خونی شده و فشار از روی رگ ها برداشته شده و فشارخون کاهش پیدا می کند.بهتر است از پودر کاکائو غیر قلیایی استفاده کنید زیرت فلاونوئیدها در آنها زیاد است. - مصرف مکمل های طبیعی و گیاهی: بعضی از مکمل های طبیعی به کاهش فشارخون کمک می کنند. درمان گیاهی فشارخون بالا طرفدار زیادی دارد. دمنوش های گیاهی و عرقیجات گیاهی در پایین آوردن فشار خون بسیار موثر هستند. برخی از این مکمل ها شامل: - عصاره سیر - آب پنیر - روغن ماهی - گیاه بربرین - مصرف انواع توت: توت ها دارای مقدار زیادی پلی فنول هستندکه این ماده تاثیر بسیاری در کاهش فشارخون و جلوگیری از حمله قلبی دارد . پیشنهاد می شود توت خشک شده را جایگزین قند و شیرینی جات کنید. - خودداری از مصرف دخانیات: مصرف دخانیات از جمله سیگار تاثیر زیادی بر روی افزایش فشارخون دارد. برای افرادی که در معرض دود سیگار هستند خطر ابتلا به فشارخون بالا نیز وجود دارد. در هنگام سیگار کشیدن، دود آن وارد رگ های خونی شما شده و باعث گرفتگی عروق می شود در نتیجه فشارخون شما افرایش پیدا می کند. از طرفی سیگار و دخانیات دارای کربن مونوکسید می باشند که گازی سمی است و باعث پایین آمدن اکسیژن خون شده و در نهایت فشارخون شما را بالا می برد. کاهش سریع فشارخون بالا در منزل افزایش فشارخون بیش از حد و اورژانسی اغلب به طور ناگهانی اتفاق می افتد و اگر به سرعت اقدام به درمان آن نشود احتمال بروز بیماری های قلبی و سکته وجود دارد. اگر خود یا فردی از اطرافیانتان دچار فشارخون اورژانسی شود می توانید از روش های ساده و بدون دسترسی به دارو به سرعت فشارخون را کاهش دهید: - فشار بین دو انگشت شست و سبابه به مدت 2 دقیقه - خوردن مقداری آبلیمو و ترشیجات - خوردن یک لیوان آب کرفس تازه - ماساژ پشت ساق پاها به مدت 15 دقیقه - استفاده از سنای مکی یا چیزی که باعث اسهال شود درمان فشارخون بالا با طب سنتی داروهای جدید برای درمان فشارخون ممکن است عوارض جانبی مانند خستگی، تهوع، افسردگی را برای فرد به همراه داشته باشد به همین دلیل بیشتر افراد به دنبال روش های طبیعی تر با کمک طب سنتی برای درمان فشارخون هستند. در طب ستنی استفاده از گیاهان دارویی توصیه می شود مانند : - درمان فشارخون بالا با سیر: مصرف سیرخام تاثیر زیادی بر کاهش فشارخون دارد. سیر حاوی ماده ی پلی سولفید می باشد که باعث گشاد شدن عروق خونی می گردد و به همین علت به کاهش فشارخون کمک می کند. - درمان فشارخون بالا با آبلیمو: آبلیمو از جمله مواد غذایی می باشد که به عنوان قاتل فشار خون شناخته شده است. آبلیمو به دلیل داشتن مزه ترش، اسیدسیتریک و همچنین وجود املاح معدنی مانند سدیم، پتاسیم و منیزیم در آن به کاهش فشارخون کمک ریادی می کند. - درمان فشارخون بالا با کرفس: کرفس با تاثیر بر عملکرد کبد بر روی کافش فشارخون تاثیر زیادی دارد. در طب سنتی توصیه می شود روزانه سه مرتبه آب کرفس به همراه عسل به مدت یک هفته مصرف شود. - درمان فشارخون بالا با چای سبز: تحقیقات نشان داده مصرف نیم تا 2 و نیم فنجان چای سبز در روز احتمال ابتلا به فشار خون را تا 46 درصد کاهش می دهد. - درمان فشار بالا با سیاه دانه: مصرف روزانه دم نوش این دانه معجزه آسا باعث کاهش کلسترول شده و اثر قابل توجهی بر روی کاهش وزن و کاهش فشارخون دارد . - درمان فشارخون با انار: مصرف آب انار تازه دارای اثر کاهندگی فشارخون می باشد.نوشیدن 50 میلی لیتر روزانه آب انار به مدت یکسال فشارخون را کاهش می دهد. درمان فشارخون با دارو داروهایی که پزشک برای کاهش فشارخون توصیه می کند باعث می شوند که : - میزان آب و نمک در بدن کاهش پیدا کند. - رگ های خونی شل شوند. - ضربان قلب کاهش پیدا کند. در ادامه با برخی از داروهایی که اغلب برای کاهش فشار خون تجویز می شوند اشنا می شویم: - لیزینوپریل (Lisinopril): این نوع دارو به عنوان مسدود کننده آنزیم های تبدیل کننده آنژیوتنسین، به شل شدن عروق خونی کمک می کند. معمولا یک بار در روز مصرف می شود. این دارو برای بزرگسالان و کودکان بزرگتر از 6 سال تجویز می شود. طبق دستور پزشک به طور معمول یک مرتبه در روز همراه با غذا و بدون آب مصرف می شود. - اسبوتولول(Acebutolol): این نوع دارو به عنوان مسدود کننده بتا حجم کار قلب را کاهش داده و عروق خونی را بازتر می کند. تجویز داروهای مسدود کننده بتا به تنهایی به خوبی عمل نمی کنند و باید به همراه داروهای دیگر کاهش فشارخون تحویز شود.این دارو پس از 1 الی 2 ساعت اثر کرده و مدت زمان تاثیر آن 12 تا 24 ساعت می باشد. - آملودیپین(Amlodipine): این دارو به عنوان مسدود کننده کانال سدیم باعث شل شدن عضلات عروق خونی می شود. معمولا یک بار در روز مصرف شده و بهتر است با معده خالی مصرف شود. - لوزارتان(Losartan): این نوع دارو به عنوان مسدود کننده گیرنده آنژیوتانسین II باعث شل کردن عروق خونی می شود. طبق دستور پزشک معمولا یک بار در روز همراه غذا یا بدون آن مصرف شود. - هیدروکلروتیازید(Hydrochlorothiazide): این دارو به عنوان دیورتیک های تیازید بر روی عملکرد کلیه تاثیر گذاشته و سدیم و آب را دفع می کند در نتیجه حجم خون کاهش پیدا می کند. طبق دستورپزشک معمولا صبح ها همراه یا بدون غذا این دارو مصرف می شود. مراجعه به پزشک برای درمان فشارخون برای چک کردن اولیه فشارخون و تشخیص علت فشارخون بالای خود می توانید به پزشک داخلی مراجعه کنید. پزشک داخلی تشخیص می دهد که علت فشارخون بالا به دلیل مشکلات قلبی عروقی و یا مشکلات کلیوی می باشد. سخن آخر همانطور که گفته شد فشارخون بالا، اغلب بدون علایم است. بهترین راه برای پیشگیری و در امان ماندن از این بیماری سبک زندگی سالم می باشد، تغییر شیوه زندگی برای کاهش فشارخون بیشتر از درمان دارویی توصیه می شود. اگر دچار فشارخون بالا هستید حتما آن را جدی بگیرید و تحت نظر پزشک باشید تا از عوارض جدی و خطرناک آن دور باشید. آیا از این مقاله راضی بودید؟ نظراتتون رو برامون بنویسید. - نشان دهنده تبادل ارزش های بشری در یک بازه زمانی در یک منطقه فرهنگی از لحاظ پیشرفت در معماری یا فناوری، برنامه ریزی شهری یا طراحی چشم انداز است. - گواهی بی همتا یا دست کم استثنایی بر یک سنت فرهنگی یا تمدن زنده یا از میان رفته می باشد. - نمونه ای برجسته در معماری یا تکنولوژی است که مرحله ی مهمی از تاریخ بشر را نشان می دهد. نام کلیسا نام کلیسا در زبان ارمنی سورپ تادئوسی وانک به لاتین (Surb Tadeosi vank) یعنی کلیسای مقدس تادئوس نام دارد. تادئوس مقدس از حواریون مسیحی بود و برای تبلیغ دین مسیحی به این منطقه آمده بود. در سال ۶۶ بعد از میلاد مسیح تادئوس همراه با دختر پادشاه و چند نفر از افرادی که به دین مسیحیت روی آورده بودند به دستور پادشاه آن زمان کشور ارمنستان اعدام شکنجه شدند و زیر شکنجه کشته شدند. بدن بی جان آن ها را در زیر این محلی که امروز قره کلیسا بر روی آن ساخته شده دفن کردند. برخی معتقد هستند که معنی قره کلیسا، کلیسای سیاه است، ولی باید به این نکته تاریخی توجه داشت که زبان مردم آذربایجان تا قبل از نفوذ زبان ترکی، زبان آذری باستانی بوده است. تادئوس مقدس در سال ۴۳ میلادی دو شخص به نام های تاتائوس و بارتقیموس برای ترویج آیین مسیحیت وارد شمال غربی ایران می شوند، در آن زمان اشکانیان در ایران حکومت می کردند و بسیاری از مردم زرتشتی بودند و بسیاری نیز به آیین مهر روی آورده بودند. پس از دعوت شاگردان مسیح به این آیین در ایران سه هزار و پانصد نفر مسیحیت را می پذیرند که از جمله آنان سانتروک یا سنادوک پادشاه ارمنیان به همراه دخترش ساندوخت بودند، پس از مدتی کوتاه، پادشاه از ایمان به مسیح روی گردان می شود و دستور می دهد که تمام افرادی که به این دین روی آورده اند را بکشند و حتی ساندوک دخترش را نیز در این راستا از دم تیغ می گذراند. ساخت کلیسا یکی از مورخان نامی ارمنی روایت کرده است که این کلیسا در اوایل دوران مسیحیت ساخته شد. گمان می رود که ساخت بنای اولیه در قرن چهام میلادی صورت گرفته باشد پس از این که در زمان پادشاهی تیرداد پادشاه اشکانی، در کشور ارمنستان دین مسیحیت به رسمیت شناخته شد از جزییات معماری این کلیسا، که به دست گریگور لوساوریچ ساخته شده بود اطلاعاتی موجود نیست. در طول دوران مختلف به علت جنگ های بسیاری که در منطقه درگرفت کلیسا دچار آسیب های زیادی شده که اصلی ترین آن ها پس از حمله چنگیز مغول در سال ۱۲۳۰میلادی بود که موجب شد بیشتر قسمت های کلیسا تخریب بشود ولی بعدها در زمان فرمانروایی هلاکو خان، کلیسا توسط خواجه نصیرالدین توسی مجددا ساخته شد. در قرن۱۴ میلادی زلزله ای ویرانگر موجب از بین رفتن ساختمان قره کلیسا می شود و بنای موجود توسط اسقف زاکاریا و دو تن از برادران او به نام های پطروس و سرکیس طی ۱۰ سال مرمت و بازسازی شد و در سال ۱۴۰۱ میلادی بار دیگر درهای کلیسا به روی زائرین گشوده شد. همچنین کلیسا در سال ۱۶۹۱ میلادی با سنگهای سیاه و در سال ۱۸۱۰ میلادی به دستور سیمون بزنونی اسقف ماکو با سنگ های سفید بازسازی گردید. مراسم ارامنه گردهمایی هر سال ۳ روز مصادف با سالروز مرگ تادئوس مقدس برگزار میشود. این مراسم علاوه بر جلوههای مذهبی خود روایتی اجتماعی نیز به همراه دارد. بسیاری از ارامنه ارتودوکس آذربایجان، تهران، اصفهان،تبریز و سایر نقاط ایران و جهان که بعضاً پیروان سایر مذاهب مسیحیت چون آشوریها هستند نیز در این مراسم شرکت میکنند و با برپا داشتن جشن و سرور، کودکان خود را غسل تعمید میدهند. 中评社北京2月17日电(记者 张爽)位于北京市阜成门的鲁迅故居,至今仍保留着1924年大文学家鲁迅及家人在此处生活时的原貌。 |园内的两白丁香树(中评社 张爽摄)| 北京鲁迅故居是一座小四合院,有前院、后院,南北房各三间,东西房各一间。鲁迅曾在《秋夜》一文中写“在我的后园,可以看见墙外有两株树,一株是树,还有一株也是树。”走进鲁迅故居,游人首先看到的便是院中两一模一样的白丁香树。这两树是鲁迅在1925年4月5日亲手种下的,历经百年光阴。人间变幻,世事桑,屋主音容早已远去,但这两树的树干愈发粗壮,枝丫横,充满了生机,守护着这座小小的院落,迎接着络不绝的文学朝圣者。 四合院的北屋是主人卧室,南屋是会客室。其中鲁迅先生居住的是北屋中央向北凸出的一间卧室,游客可以通过玻璃看到室内陈设,仅有一张床、一张书桌、一个柜子,桌上有闹钟、煤油灯、茶杯等,面积很小,仅可一人坐卧转身。 鲁迅的母亲及原配夫人朱安分别住在北屋的东西两间房。 鲁迅先生及其弟弟周作人都曾任北京大学教授,据说当时大学教授的月薪为200银元,而一座四合院的价格也是200银元。鲁迅及家人当时在北京生活的经济条件较为宽裕,但从室内陈设可以看出,一家人仍然保持了朴素的生活习惯。 محمد باقر نوبخت رئیس سازمان برنامه و بودجه کشور پنجشنبه ۳۰ دی به استان کردستان سفر کرد و از اجرای پروژه راه آهن در مسیر شهرهای همدان – قروه – دهگلان و سنندج بازدید و در جلسه شورای برنامه ریزی کردستان، شرکت کرد. راه آهن تهران – همدان- سنندج یک خطه و به طول ۴۱۸ [...] محمد باقر نوبخت رئیس سازمان برنامه و بودجه کشور پنجشنبه ۳۰ دی به استان کردستان سفر کرد و از اجرای پروژه راه آهن در مسیر شهرهای همدان – قروه – دهگلان و سنندج بازدید و در جلسه شورای برنامه ریزی کردستان، شرکت کرد. راه آهن تهران – همدان- سنندج یک خطه و به طول ۴۱۸ کیلومتر است که در سال ۸۴ مطالعات آن انجام و عملیات اجرایی آن نیز در هشت قطعه از سال ۸۵ شروع شد. این راه آهن با هدف ایجاد کوتاه ترین مسیر ریلی بین تهران – همدان – سنندج، اتصال به راه آهن سمنگان، کرمانشاه و در ادامه تا مرز خسروی و اتصال به راه آهن کشورهای همسایه احداث می شود که با تکمیل آن، کریدور ریلی شرقی – غربی کشور برقرار و امکان حمل و تزانزیت بار و مسافر فراهم خواهد شد. محمد باقر نوبخت در جلسه شورای برنامه ریزی و توسعه کردستان از عزم دولت برای تسریع در تکمیل پروژه راه آهن ۱۵۰ کیلومتری همدان به سنندج خبر داد و گفت: این مسیر در سه قطعه به سه پیمانکار واگذار شده است که قطعه اول آن با ۷۰ درصد پیشرفت فیزیکی در دست اجرا است. وی با بیان اینکه متاسفانه بنا به دلایلی پیمانکار قطعه دوم برکنار و به زودی پیمانکار جدید آن معرفی خواهد شد ادامه داد: در قطعه سوم زیرسازی های لازم به اتمام رسیده و این بخش آماده ریل گذاری است. نوبخت با بیان اینکه در بودجه سال آینده دولت هزار میلیارد تومان اعتبار برای توسعه زیرساخت های ریلی کشور در نظر گرفته شده است گفت: تلاش خواهیم کرد اعتبارات قابل توجهی برای تسریع در ساخت راه آهن همدان به سنندج به پروژه تزریق کنیم. وی به ضرورت سفر دوباره به کردستان طی دو ماه آینده برای بررسی پیشرفت پروژه اشاره کرد و اظهار داشت: با تمهیدات در نظر گرفته شده مقرر شده است که کار ریل گذاری همزمان با همدان از سنندج نیز آغاز شود. نوبخت عنوان کرد: اعتبار خوبی برای توسعه استان در بودجه سال جاری در نظر گرفته شده است که در آن ۹۴ پروژه برای توسعه استان وجود دارد. وی دیگر فرصت های پیش رو برای تعالی و آبادانی استان کردستان را در بودجه سال ۹۶ و برنامه ششم توسعه دانست و اضافه کرد: با توجه به تمامی محدودیت های اعتباری کشور استان کردستان در همه بخش های اعتباری رشد داشته است. وی افزود: در بخش تملک دارایی های سرمایه ای استان در سال ۹۵ با رشد ۴۵ درصدی به ۱۶۸ میلیارد تومان رسیده است. نوبخت همچنین از رشد ۲۸ درصدی اعتبارات جاری استان خبر داد و گفت: استان کردستان استحقاق توجه و کمک بیشتر در زمینه اعتبارات است و ما علاوه بر اعتبارات دیگر در بودجه سال آینده یک ردیف اعتباری ۱۰۰ میلیارد تومانی برای این استان لحاظ کرده ایم. وی اضافه کرد: اعتقاد قلبی رییس جمهور و هیات دولت براین است که مسایل و مشکلات استان باید حل شود. در این سفر محمد باقر نوبخت به همراه استاندار کردستان، نمایندگان استان در مجلس شورای اسلامی و بعضی از مدیران دستگاههای اجرایی از مسیر و روند اجرای پروژه راه آهن همدان به سنندج بازدید کرد. استاندار کردستان نیز از دوبانده شدن گردنه صلوات آباد تا پایان سال ۹۷ خبر داد. معاون وزیر راه و شهر سازی و مدیر عامل شرکت ساخت و توسعه زیربناهای حمل و نقل کشور گفت: تمام قطعات باقی مانده کریدور شمال – جنوب در حوزه استان کردستان تا پایان سال جاری به مناقصه گذاشته خواهد شد. به گزارش ایرنا «خیرالله خادمی» در دهمین جلسه شورای برنامه ریزی و توسعه کردستان با حضور معاون رئیس جمهور در سنندج افزود: دو قطعه از قطعات این بزرگراه به فراخوان عمومی گذاشته شده و ۲ قطعه دیگر نیز در پایین دست و در منطقه کامیاران تا پایان سال به مناقصه گذاشته میشود. به گفته وی، بیشتر کریدور شمال به جنوب که در استان کردستان واقع است کار نشده و ساخت بخش زیادی از آن باقی مانده است که نیازمند تخصیص اعتبارات مورد نیاز است. خادمی به
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او در برابر نونیتو دونایر قهرمان چهار وزن فیلیپینی بود. این یک مبارزه 12 راندی بود که در آن هر دو مبارز پا به پا میرفتند، صندلیهای خود را رها نمیکردند، فشار وارد میکردند و به دنبال فرصتهایی برای ایجاد آن ترکیب نهایی بودند. همه چیز با یک تصمیم متفق القول به پایان رسید: اینو دستش را بالا برد و رکورد بی عیب و نقص خود را حفظ کرد. او قرار است در 25 آوریل 2020 در مرکز رویداد Mandalay Bay در ناوادا، ایالات متحده، با یک بوکسور فیلیپینی دیگر، Jonriel Casimero، مبارزه کند. او در 26 سالگی هنوز تمام دوران حرفه ای خود را در پیش دارد تا میراث خود را در ورزش به او القا کند. 5. ارول اسپنس جونیور. ارول اسپنس جونیور بوکسور آمریکایی شکست ناپذیر و قهرمان سبک وزن جهان با رکورد 26 برد است که 21 برد آن حذفی است. او یک چپ دست متخاصم است که با مشت های سنگین خود دست چپ قاتل را به سر و بدنش فشار می دهد. او در 25 اکتبر 2018 با مایکی گارسیا قهرمان جهان آمریکایی در یک مبارزه 12 راند مبارزه کرد. اسپنس جونیور به نظر میرسید که بر کل مبارزه مسلط شود، فاصلهاش را حفظ کند و مشتهای قدرتمندی را با استفاده از قلابها و ضربات بالای سرش وارد کند. او شب را با یک تصمیم متفق القول به پایان رساند و تفاوت طبقاتی دو رزمنده را نشان داد. 6. اولسیاندر اوسیک بوکسور سابق سنگینوزن سنگینوزن شد، اولکساندر اوسیک اوکراینی امیدوار است با تبدیل شدن به اولین بوکسور سنگینوزن که هر چهار عنوان مهم بوکس جهان (WBA، WBC، IBF و WBO) را در اختیار دارد، رکوردی غالب در سنگینوزن و همچنین کشتیهای کروز به ثبت برساند. آخرین مسابقه او برای عنوان سنگین وزن قبل از اینکه تصمیم بگیرد یک وزن را بالا ببرد، مقابل تونی بلیو بوکسور انگلیسی بود. این یک حلزون حرکتی واقعی بود زیرا آنها ضربات قدرتمندی را رد و بدل می کردند و راند به راند عقب می زدند. یوسیک با یک 8 استریت سخت بللو را می گیردth دور تا او را ناک اوت کند و او را در دسته سنگین وزن با رکورد 16-0 رها کند. 7. تایسون فیوری تایسون "پادشاه کولی ها" فیوری، بوکسور سنگین وزن بریتانیایی، قهرمان سنگین وزن WBC با رکورد 30-0-1 است. او اخیراً پس از یک مسابقه مجدد با قهرمان سنگین وزن و بمب افکن KO Bronx Deontay Wilder عنوان سنگین وزن WBC را به دست آورد. در طول 7 راند اسلاگفست، جیپسی کینگ وایلدر را شکست میدهد و با افزایش تعداد ضربهها، تسلط خود را تثبیت میکند و او راند به دور وایلدر را تخلیه میکند. در ساعت 3rd راند نشان میدهد که فیوری هنگام ضربه زدن به قهرمان صدمه قابل توجهی وارد کرده است و با زدن کمبو پشت سر هم سرعت او شروع به افزایش میکند. بیش از یک و نیم دقیقه تا 7th در راند، فیوری وایلدر را به سمت طنابها هل میدهد و شروع به پرتاب یک سری مشتها میکند که قهرمان نمیتوانست آنها را متقابلاً انجام دهد، در نهایت او را مجبور میکند برای پرتاب حوله به گوشهای برود و کمربند را به قهرمان سنگینوزن جدید جهان بدهد. 8. خوان فرانسیکو استرادا خوان فرانسیسکو استرادا، بوکسور مکزیکی، قهرمان جهان در دو وزن، به خاطر قدرت مشتزنیاش مشهور است و به 27 برد حذفی از رکورد 40-3 خود رسیده است. او که با نام "ال گالو" نیز شناخته می شود، توسط BoxRec به عنوان بهترین سنگین وزن فعال جهان انتخاب شده است. آخرین مبارزه او در 24 آگوست 2019 در کشورش مکزیک برگزار شد و در آنجا با بوکسور آمریکایی دواین بیمون مبارزه کرد. او مبارزه را از راند اول کنترل کرد، از هر ضربه مهلکی فاصله گرفت و در فرصتی که پیش آمد به ضربه خود ضربه زد. ساعت 9 بودth در این راند استرادا با استفاده از هوک های ویرانگر و آپرکات های ویرانگر که داور را مجبور به توقف مبارزه کرد، توانست بیمون را خسته کرده و به طناب ها بچسباند تا ترکیب نهایی خود را اجرا کند. 9. گنادی گولووکین قزاقستان پاور هاوس، GGG یا Triple G، دو بار قهرمان میان وزن جهان است و از سال 2019 دارنده عناوین میان وزن IBF و IBO بوده است. ضربات دقیق، مشت های قدرتمند بدن و یک قلاب چپ بسیار ویرانگر که می تواند هر قهرمانی را به زانو درآورد. گولووکین برای تمرین قدرت و استقامت خود با بوکسورهای سنگینتر بحث میکند و به عنوان یک قهرمان جهان، گولووکین به دنبال حریفان قویتر است، نه قهرمانی و عناوین. در 8 ژوئن 2019، Gennei Golovkin یک ضربه کوبنده ناک اوت به بوکسور شکست ناپذیر کانادایی استیو رولز در چهار گروه وارد کرد.th گرد گولووکین با زدن ضربات مشت های متعدد روی بدن، او را با پشت به طناب ها بالا می برد، قلاب بزرگی را روی شقیقه قرار می دهد و سپس با یک قلاب در چانه او را به پایان می رساند و او را برای ناک اوت 10 عددی روی بوم پایین می آورد. پیروزی 10. مانی پاکیائو Manny Pacquiao اصالتاً اهل فیلیپین است و در سراسر جهان به یک نام آشنا تبدیل شده است. او یکی از بزرگترین مبارزانی است که وارد رینگ شده است. این بوکسور / سیاستمدار، قهرمان دسته 8 با پیروزی های قابل توجه بر نام های بزرگی مانند اسکار د لا هویا، خوان مانوئل مارکز، آنتونیو مارگاریتو و بسیاری دیگر، فعلاً متوقف نمی شود. در آخرین مبارزات او، کیت تورمن و آدرین برونر، بوکسورهای آمریکایی، تفاوت در سرعت و حجم ضربات، عامل تعیین کننده در پیروزی های او با تصمیم تقسیم شده و تصمیم متفق القول (به ترتیب) بود که او را به اولین قهرمان 4 بار سبک وزن تبدیل کرد. . ... در سن 41 سالگی، مانی قصد دارد به حرفه ارزشمند بوکس خود ادامه دهد و همچنین میراث خود را در سیاست در سرزمین مادری خود بسازد. Antiller'deki en büyük ada ve Karayipler'in en iyi turistik yerlerinden biridir. Pek çok nedenden ötürü, uzun ve ilginç bir geçmişi olan eşsiz ve özel bir yer. Fakat, Küba'nın adı nereden geliyor? İsminin kökeni nedir? Bu yazıda çözmeye çalışacağımız soru bu. Gerçek şu ki, kelimenin etimolojik kökeni Küba hiç de net değil ve bugün bilim adamları arasında hala tartışma konusu. Bazı hipotezler vardır, bazıları diğerlerinden daha fazla kabul edilir ve bazıları gerçekten meraklıdır. Her şeyden önce, önemli bir nokta açıklığa kavuşturulmalıdır: ne zaman Kristof Kolomb Adaya ilk kez geldi (28 Ekim 1492), hiçbir zaman yeni bir kıtaya ayak bastığını düşünmedi. Aslında, onların yanlış hesaplamalarına göre, bu yeni topraklar, adayı herhangi bir şekilde vaftiz etme olasılığı göz önünde bulundurulmadan yalnızca Cipango (o zamanlar Japonya'nın bilindiği gibi) olabilirdi. Yıllar sonra, İspanyollar bu keşfi Juana adası, genç Prens John'un şerefine, tek erkek çocuğu Katolik krallar. Ancak, bu isim tutmadı. Kuşkusuz bu, 1497 yaşında tacın halefi olarak çağrılan kişinin 19'de erken ölümünden etkilenmiştir. Daha sonra 28 Şubat 1515 tarihli kraliyet kararnamesiyle Küba'nın resmi adının Fernandina Adası, kralın şerefine, ama yer-adı yakalanmadı. Aslında, XNUMX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısının resmi eylemleri sadece Küba adı altında bu bölgeye atıfta bulunmaktadır. Indeks Yerli köken Bugün "Küba'nın adı nereden geliyor?" Sorusunun en çok kabul gören açıklaması şu: yerli kökenli. Birçok Kübalı, ülkelerinin adının eski bir yerli sözcükten geldiği fikrine bayılıyor: Küba, belki de tarafından konuşulan dilde kullanılır Tainos. Bu kelime şu anlama gelirdi "Arazi" veya "bahçe". Bu teoriye göre, bu mezhebi ilk kez duyan Kolomb'un kendisi olurdu. Dahası, aynı kelimenin diğer Karayip adalarının diğer yerli halkları olan Arauca dil ailesi tarafından da kullanılmış olması mümkündür. Aynı yerli hipotez içinde, bu ismin anlamının yüksekliklerin ve dağların hakim olduğu yerlerle ilgili olabileceğini öne süren başka bir değişken daha var. Bu, uygun bazı yer adlarıyla gösterilmiş gibi görünüyor. Küba, Haiti ve Dominik Cumhuriyeti. Baba Bartolomé de las Casas1512-1515 yılları arasında adanın fethi ve evanjelizasyonuna katılan eserlerinde "cuba" ve "cibao" kelimelerinin büyük taşlar ve dağların eşanlamlısı olarak kullanıldığına dikkat çekiyor. Öte yandan, o zamandan günümüze kadar yerli adı Küba ülkenin merkezinin ve Doğu'nun dağlık bölgelerine. Küba adı, bu nedenle, manzaranın ülkeye adını verdiği durumlardan biri olacaktır. Ne yazık ki, Taino ve Antillean dilleri hakkındaki mevcut bilgi eksikliğimiz, bunu daha kesin bir şekilde onaylamamızı engelliyor. Küba kelimesinin kökeni hakkında meraklı hipotezler Tarihçiler ve dilbilimciler arasında Küba'nın adının nereden geldiğine dair bazı fikir birliği olsa da, bahsetmeye değer başka ilginç hipotezler de var: Portekiz teorisi Ayrıca bir Portekiz hipotezi Şu anda pek dikkate alınmasa da, Küba adının nereden geldiğini açıklamak için. Bu teoriye göre, "Küba" kelimesi Portekiz'in güneyinde bu adı taşıyan bir kasabadan geliyor. Portekiz'in "Küba" bölgesi, Baixo Alentejo, Beja şehri yakınlarında. Kolomb'un doğum yeri olduğunu iddia eden yerlerden biri (aslında kasabada keşif heykeli var). Bu teoriyi destekleyen fikir, anavatanının anısına Karayip adasını vaftiz edenin kendisi olacağı yönündedir. Meraklı bir hipotez olmasına rağmen, tarihsel titizlikten yoksundur. Arap teorisi Bazı destekçileri olmasına rağmen, öncekinden daha da tuhaf. Ona göre, "Küba" toponym bir varyasyonu olacaktır. arapça kelime koba. Bu, bir kubbe ile örtülü camileri belirtmek için kullanıldı. Arap teorisi, Kristof Kolomb'un iniş yeri olan Bariay koyu, şu anda Holguín ilinde. Orada, denizciye Arap kobalarınınkini hatırlatan, kıyıya yakın dağların düzleştirilmiş şekilleri olurdu. Al voto in Polonia per le elezioni presidenziali, inizialmente previste a maggio ma poi rimandate per l'epidemia di coronavirus. La sfida è tutta tra il sindaco di Varsavia Rafael Trzaskowski, liberale ed europeista, e il capo dello Stato Andrej Duda, populista e trumpiano, in una partita sul filo che deciderà del futuro del Paese. Secondo un ultimo sondaggio dell'Ipsos Duda, reduce dalla visita lampo negli Stati Uniti di mercoledì scorso, dove ha incassato l'appoggio della Casa bianca - Trump gli ha promesso le truppe americane che verranno ritirate dalla Germania - sarebbe favorito sia al primo turno, (con un 40% delle preferenze rispetto al 27% del principale avversario), sia al secondo. Si dà praticamente per certo che il 12 luglio ci sarà un ballottaggio, e lì il presidente uscente sostenuto dal Pis di Kakzynski potrebbe affermarsi col 47% contro il 45%, secondo le stime. Duda è quindi in recupero, rispetto al rilevamento di appena due giorni prima, che indicava Trzaskowski vincente. Gli analisti politici vedono questo duello - che avviene comunque mentre il Covid-19 è ancora attivo nel Paese - come il momento di un confronto fra due visioni molto diverse dell'avvenire del paese. La Polonia potrebbe tornare a seguire gli standard dell'Unione europea, oppure continuare sulla strada del conflitto con Bruxelles: come accaduto per le violazioni dell'autonomia del potere giudiziario. I seggi chiuderanno alle 21 ora italiana. تحلیل قیمت بیت کوین: پیش به سوی قله| ۲۷ بهمن قیمت بیت کوین (BTC) در نزدیکی ۵۲۰۰۰ دلار در حال رشد است. قیمت در حال تقویت است و ممکن است به سمت ۵۵۰۰۰ دلار حرکت کند. نکات مهم تحلیل قیمت بیت کوین - قیمت BTC زیر محدوده ۵۲۸۰۰ دلار نشانه های مثبتی بروز داده است. - قیمت اکنون بالاتر از ۵۱۵۰۰ دلار و میانگین متحرک ساده ۱۰۰ در حال معامله است. - یک خط روند صعودی با حمایت ۵۱۵۰۰ دلار در نمودار حضور دارد. - احتمال ادامه رشد در صورت عبور از محدوده مقاومت ۵۲۸۰۰ وجود دارد. ادامه رشد بیت کوین قیمت بیت کوین بالاتر از محدوده مقاومت ۵۱۲۰۰ در حال شتاب گرفتن است. محدوده مقاومتی ۵۲۰۰۰ هم شکسته شده و یک قله چندهفته ای در ۵۲۸۴۳ دلار به ثبت رسیده است. اکنون قیمت در حال تقویت است. افت جزئی به زیر سطح ۵۲۰۰۰ صورت گرفته و سطح ۲۳.۶ درصد ریتریسمنت فیبوناچی در حرکت صعودی از ۴۸۲۴۰ به ۵۲۸۴۳ دلار هم شکسته شده است. با این حال، خریداران در محدوده حمایتی ۵۱۲۰۰ فعال شدند و قیمت بالا رفت. قیمت بیت کوین اکنون بالاتر از سطح ۵۱۵۰۰ دلار و میانگین متحرک ساده ۱۰۰ ساعته در حال معامله است. همچنین یک خط روند صعودی با حمایت ۵۱۵۰۰ در نمودار تشکیل شده است. در بالا اولین مقاومت در نزدیکی سطح ۵۲۵۰۰ قرار دارد. مقاومت مهم بعدی در ۵۲۸۰۰ دلار حضور دارد که بالاتر از آن احتمال رالی وجود دارد. هدف بعدی خریداران سطح ۵۳۲۰۰ دلار است که شکسته شدن این مقاومت قیمت را تا مقاومت ۵۴۰۰۰ دلار بالا خواهد برد. مقاومت بعدی نیز در ۵۵۰۰۰ دلار واقع شده است. افت دوباره قیمت تحلیل میهن سیگنال نشان می دهد اگر قیمت بیت کوین نتواند از مقاومت ۵۲۸۰۰ دلار عبور کند، اصلاح در کوتاه مدت آغاز خواهد شد. اولین حمایت در پایین در نزدیکی سطح ۵۱۵۰۰ دلار و خط روند قرار گرفته است. اولین حمایت مهم در ۵۰۵۵۰ و سطح ۵۰ درصد فیبوناچی قرار دارد. بسته شدن قیمت زیر ۵۰۵۰۰ دلار ممکن است مومنتوم نزولی را ایجاد کند. در این صورت قیمت ممکن است تا محدوده حجمایت ۴۸۵۰۰ دلار سقوط کند. در بین اندیکاتورهای تکنیکال، مکدی در حال شتاب گرفتن در محدوده صعودی است و RSI بالاتر از سطح ۵۰ قرار گرفته است. نظرتان را دربارهی مقاله «تحلیل قیمت بیت کوین: پیش به سوی قله| ۲۷ بهمن» با ما درمیان بگذارید. Humans, however, may rest a little easier. Brown widow spiders, a non-native and less venomous cousin to black widows, have spread throughout Southern California in the last decade, and could be edging out their larger, more toxic relatives, say UC Riverside researchers in a recent study. In a paper published Monday in the Journal of Medical Entomology, researchers say they studied the distribution of brown widow spiders throughout San Diego, Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino counties. "The brown widows have really taken over in urban areas," said study author Richard Vetter, an entomologist and research associate at UC Riverside. "They're very common on patio furniture and things we use regularly, and they outnumber black widows." Brown widows are "pantropical" spiders, found throughout the Caribbean, South Pacific and Asia, Vetter said. The spiders originated in Africa, and were first recorded in Colombia in the 1840s, he said, adding that they may have been unintended imports of the slave trade. Although the spiders are in the same family as black widows, there are several between them. Brown widows are about three-quarters the size of black widows, and typically show brown and tan coloration with an orange, instead of red, hourglass on the underside of their abdomen, Vetter said. However, variations in their coloring, particularly among immature spiders, may make it difficult to tell the two species apart, he said. Corky Mizer, owner of Corky's Pest Control, said that while his technicians frequently encounter brown widows now, homeowners might not recognize them. "We're running into a huge amount of brown widows all the time now," Mizer said. "It's more difficult to identify the brown widow, because it's just another brown spider. People are probably seeing brown widows all the time but don't know what they are." The surest way to distinguish them is by checking the egg sacs, Vetter said. Black widow egg sacs are smooth and round, while brown widow sacks are spiky. Researchers looked for brown widows and their egg sacs using timed searches, inspecting an area for a set number of hours and tallying how many they found. During the searches, they also checked for black widows. Over more than 100 search hours at 72 sites, they found brown widows outdoors at homes, parks, schools and nurseries, far more frequently than black widows, and in more prominent locations. In some spots, brown widows outnumbered black widows 20 to one. "Black widows can be found more in really recessed places like pipes, and under trash and wood piles," Vetter said. "The brown widows are much more exposed. I've found them in places where I'd never expect to find a black widow." Brown widows took shelter or deposited eggs under picnic tables and patio tables and chairs, under horizontal parts of wooden fencing and overhanging caps of brick walls, under plastic garbage bins or in recessed trashcan handles, or under the curved lips of potted plants. Saint-Denis gate: king Louis XIV and his really big ego This triumphal arch was raised for Louis XIV. It commemorates the king's victories in Holland and on the river Rhine. It was built in order to mark the entrance of Paris: at the same time, they demolished the old fortifications which surrounded the city. The St-Denis gate, 23 metres high, was put up in 1762 by François Blondel. By order of the provost and against the will of the architect, they opened small doors in the pedestals, so the pedestrians could pass through! A bruised eye is a common symptom resulting from trauma from a direct injury to the face, or surgery. Read below for more information on causes, how
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: As of July 2016, the breakdown of the number of US Citizens killed by Police this year is, 238 White people killed, 123 Black people killed, 79 Hispanics, 69 other/or unknown race. Fact: Black people kill more other blacks than Police do, and there are only protest and outrage when a cop kills a black man. University of Toledo criminologist Dr. Richard R. Johnson examined the latest crime data from the FBI’s Supplementary Homicide Reports and Centers for Disease Control and found that an average of 4,472 black men were killed by other black men annually between Jan. 1, 2009, and Dec. 31, 2012. Professor Johnson’s research further concluded that 112 black men died from both justified and unjustified police-involved killings annually during this same period. Complaint: Well we already doing a good job of killing ourselves, we don’t need the Police to do it. Besides they should know better. Contents - Previous - Next 9. The contexts of culture, environment, and food Harriet V. Kuhnlein and Gretel H. Pelto Overall performance of the protocol Keys to finding local community food sources to prevent Vitamin A deficiency: What foods are available and how much vitamin a do they contain? Keys to understanding consumption patterns of vulnerable groups Keys to beliefs and perceptions about food Keys to cultural, ecological and socioeconomic factors that constrain consumption of Vitamin A-rich food and prevention of deficiency Keys to explanations and understandings of Vitamin A deficiency symptoms Looking to the next steps: From ethnography to intervention design The root of the problem of vitamin A deficiency is lack of sufficient vitamin A in community food supplies. While all members of families in communities where vitamin A is limited are potentially at risk of deficiency, infants, young children, pregnant, and lactating women are the most vulnerable. In order to understand how food systems can be supported to ensure adequate intake for all the population, the environmental and sociocultural mechanisms through which food is provided must also be understood. This understanding begins with answers to a set of basic questions: what vitamin A-containing foods are available? What are the nutrient levels in these foods? How much is consumed by the individuals who are vulnerable to deficiency? Why are these foods selected or not used? How do people identify and treat symptoms of vitamin A deficiency? The answers to these questions are the product of determinants that reside in the physical and social environment, broadly defined, and in culture. Answering these questions at the local level is a necessary step in the development of interventions aimed at remedial actions and prevention of vitamin A deficiency. sections that follow, we begin with some comments about the overall performance of the protocol as a field tool. We then review findings from the studies in relation to the "key questions" to which the protocol is directed. This is not intended to be a definitive analysis of the dietary, environmental, and cultural features of the five sites. The purpose is to summarize the types of information that are produced through the application of the procedures. To assess the ability of the manual to assist national investigators to obtain answers to the key questions, it was necessary to test it in diverse environments and cultures. Specifically, the following different systems were selected: Andhra Pradesh, India Mixed Spanish and indigenous All procedures in the manual were applied by research teams in the five study sites. All team leaders (or main investigators) had backgrounds in health professions (nutrition, nursing, community medicine, public health). In several cases they also had anthropological training. Regardless of background and previous experience, the investigators agreed unanimously that the initial training workshop was a valuable preparation for carrying out the study. The teams completed the studies within the projected time frame of six to eight weeks. In two areas (China and Peru) the manual was translated into the national language; in the other three areas, the teams worked directly from the English manual, using local translators as needed to maintain literal translations of concepts. The investigators and their field teams generally found it easy to apply the specific techniques that they attributed to the detailed, step-by-step instructions in the manual. A number of modifications in the instructions have been made as a consequence of the thoughtful suggestions from the teams, and the post-field test revisions are based on extensive discussions with the investigators. For example, the field teams made suggestions for identifying the most appropriate time to conduct the studies and provided creative suggestions concerning the use of specific examples in the local culture to help respondents understand questions. In some cases the teams found it advisable to adapt the dietary assessment modules - Modules 4 and 5 (Part II-C) in the manual. In the Philippines, respondents were asked to give a 24-hour recall before they were questioned with the food frequency procedure. The investigators instituted this change in order to orient the respondents to the concept of daily quantities. In India the team experienced some difficulty in recording portion size and preferred not to use the 24-hour recall in this manner. One investigator suggested that the food frequency procedure developed by IVACG (IVACG, 1989) could be substituted for Module 5, provided it was modified to use the food list developed from the other modules. Thus, the field test experiences suggested that it is possible to modify the dietary assessment section of the protocol to fit local circumstances, as long as the data yielded by the procedures can be used to rank-order the key-foods in the market survey. The community food system data tables were successfully applied in all the test sites. The tables are also useful in clearly highlighting where further research on food composition and species identification is required. In the study among the Aetas, the list of foods contained 128 items of which twenty-seven had no scientific identification and forty-two had no recorded values for carotene or retinol. Food items for which no composition data could be found also occurred in the Cajamarca study and in Filingué, Niger. Complete data were reported for all of the food items in the community food system data tables of Doumen, China and Sheriguda, India. To determine the ability of the protocol to document seasonal variation in food availability, and cultural perceptions of food selection as these relate to seasonality, the investigators in the Philippines repeated the study in both wet and dry seasons among the Aetas. The team found that in order to describe the variety of local vitamin A-containing food, it was necessary to have data from the wet season. They suggested that conditions in the dry season could have been obtained through interviews, without observation, by carefully interviewing key-informants. The data on cultural perceptions about food attributes and qualities remained stable. Thus, they concluded that a single study, carried out in the wet season, would have obtained all the necessary information. determine how sensitive the protocol is to differences in food availability and selection in rural and periurban communities within the same geographic area, the investigators in Peru conducted studies in two locations. The team documented substantial differences between the two sites, with greater use of animal foods and wild plants in the more rural site. Families in the periurban communities relied primarily on purchased foods, and the food list was much longer. On the other hand, there were many similarities in food items and food beliefs, although food beliefs appeared to be more diverse in the periurban area, in part because of in-migrants from other regions. Keys to understanding the available foods that can be used to prevent vitamin A deficiency are found in the key-informant interviews and the free list of foods, in the market surveys, and in the community food system data tables. In addition, information is found in the background materials on the historical, ecological, and cultural setting for the community food system. In addition to an examination of vitamin A content (retinol or carotene), food resource data needs to include information on preservation and preparation methods, as these affect nutrient levels. The manual facilitates collection of this type of information. For example, the study report from Niger includes the description of the long cooking processes for leafy vegetables, information that is important for evaluating the food supply as consumed. Studies also should note the sources of data on nutrient composition. Thus, it is useful to find in the report on Sheriguda village that the information in the food system data tables is based on food composition studies that were conducted with the current, advanced method of analysis (HPLC) in national laboratories. In the field studies, the community food system data tables proved to be a valuable means of summarizing the local situation. Among the Aetas in the Philippines, the table contained 128 food items. One hundred sixty one species are on the list for the periurban site in Peru, with seventy-four in the rural area; thirty-seven species are listed for Filingué, Niger; thirty-five in Doumen village, China; and forty-five for Sheriguda village in India. Although some areas had unidentified species with unknown vitamin A content, vitamin A-rich foods were identified in all the systems. The data tables also provided information on key sources of protein, fat, and other nutrients that are important in the prevention of vitamin A deficiency. Information on seasonality is obtained from the community food system data tables, market surveys, and key-informant interviews. For example, the study revealed that in Sheriguda village, pumpkin is available only during one short period during the year, while bachali (Basella alba), that is cooked with dahl, is available all year in local gardens, does not have to be purchased, and is an excellent source of carotene. Mango is popular with young children but is available for only two to three months. Papaya has a longer period of availability, but there are cultural barriers to its use (see following section, "Keys to Beliefs and Perceptions About Food"). Several field study reports pointed out the importance of paying special attention to how wild greens and leafy green vegetables are used. These species may be locally regarded as substantive food items or as condiments that are used in much smaller quantities. Greens may be dried and reserved as emergency or famine foods or preserved for use in herbal remedies. It is important to note preparation and preservation techniques. In Sheriguda village, another factor that affects use of greens is whether they are subject to infestation by insects or worms, in which case the food is rejected. survey reports provided a valuable source of data on both availability and price of important food items. As discussed further below, excellent sources of vitamin A-containing foods are found in local markets, but their prices may be prohibitive for those most at risk of deficiency. By including calculations of price-per-serving and the price per 1000 RE, the study provided a perspective on true availability, particularly when the average family daily wage or food expenditure total was known. Liver is a good example; in all five research areas' it was recognized as an excellent food, good for the eyes, and for protecting health. However, it was not available regularly from home animal production, and was not purchased often because of In this section we discuss food selection and consumption of pregnant and lactating women, and infants and young children. Information on consumption patterns was obtained from the food frequency and 24-hour recall modules, key-informant interviews, and the modules on food categories, attributes, and concepts. The general food pattern of families is a necessary first step in order to understand food patterns of vulnerable individuals. In Doumen village, China and Sheriguda, village, India, and in Filingué, Niger, families eat three meals a day. The first meal of the day often consists of the leftovers from the previous night. In Filingué meals are built around a grain with a sauce, that often contains greens and pumpkin, providing good potential for vitamin A. In Sheriguda, evening meals occasionally contain meat. For the Aetas, meals usually consist of rice and a sauce of greens; fat and animal protein is limited in the family meal pattern. There is little evidence from any of the sites that consumption patterns change during pregnancy. In Peru and Niger, pregnant women deliberately avoid eating too much because they do not want to gain too much weight, leading to a difficult delivery. While some food items are noted in each area as being good for pregnancy, there is no general pattern with respect to their vitamin A content. A change in diet during the postpartum period is characteristic in all areas. In Doumen village, many hen's eggs are given to women, who are also encouraged to eat dark-colored foods (such as black rice, red jujube) to regain their strength. In both sites in Peru most women interviewed reported that special foods, selected for their qualities with respect to the humoral medicine system, are consumed. In Sheriguda, three stages of postpartum diet are recognized: in the first three days, only rice with spices is eaten; from day four to twenty-one the diet is semi-restricted, with few animal and plant foods; a regular diet is resumed after twenty-one days. During lactation, women's dietary patterns may also be different from the rest of the family. In all areas, more liquids are taken, often as cereal gruels. In Niger women actively try to gain weight to recover their strength, and they seek more meat, liver, and richer sauces. While eggs are encouraged on a daily basis in Doumen village, they are rejected during lactation in Filingué, and are recognized as lactogenic foods in Sheriguda village. Breastfeeding is practiced in all areas, but for varying durations. Cessation of breastfeeding varies widely, from an average of six to thirty months. Rural areas (Chamis, Peru, and Filingué, Niger) have longer average periods of breastfeeding than urban areas. In Filingué and Doumen the first colostrum is discarded. Water with sugar is often given to newborns. Breastfeeding is supplemented with various foods, some of which have potential for providing vitamin A. For example, mashed vegetables and eggs are the first foods in Doumen village. Soups and purees are given in the Peruvian settings. In Peru herbal infusions are given to infants, but sweet potato, eggs, and greens are thought to be too strong for children under one year of age. Young children's eating patterns gradually assimilate to that of the family. Eggs are considered an ideal food for young children in Doumen village. In most areas, young children are reported to eat more snacks, including fruits and vegetables. In Sheriguda village, for example, carrots are regarded as a food only for children's snacking and are eaten raw. foregoing summaries suggest, the application of the procedures produced descriptive summaries of the dietary patterns of vulnerable groups. The modules on food beliefs provided information about the cultural factors associated with these Except under conditions of extreme scarcity, food beliefs play an important role in food selection. The main techniques used in the manual to describe food beliefs are open-ended, key-informant interviews and structured interviews with mother-respondents that use formal ethnographic methods to discover emic categories, food attributes, and qualities. Some of the food beliefs identified are found across wide culture areas, although they often show considerable intragroup variation as well as locally introduced variation. An example of a widely held belief is the finding from Sheriguda, concerning papaya. Throughout southern India, papaya is seen as a food that causes dysmenorrhea in women and impotence in men. Although it is rich in provitamin A, it is usually not accepted as a suitable food for pregnant or lactating women, infants, or young children. In Sheriguda, papaya is generally available, but consumed only by children four to fifteen years of age. Other beliefs related to vitamin A consumption included: liver is bad for children as it will cause indigestion; eggs are a "hot" food and should be used with caution; and pumpkin is a vatham food, a feature that can cause swelling and indigestion. The attributions or qualities of food in Sheriguda emphasized taste, goodness for health, hot/cold, vatham, giving strength, used for festivals, causing diarrhea or cough, increases blood, and generally not good for the body. In the Peruvian rural area (Chamis) and in periurban San Vicente, the hot or cold humoral system continues to be important in structuring food beliefs. Foods are designated as caliente (hot) or fresco (cool). Caliente foods include vitamin A-rich items, including green herbs, while fruits are generally fresco. Sweet potato and carrot are neutral. Other important attributes of food in Chamis include giving strength, good taste, causing indigestion, and causing diarrhea. In San Vicente the attribute of good nutrition is recognized, and for children included such foods as eggs, cow's milk, breastmilk, carrot, sweet potato, papaya, and mango. Other attributes included "combatting weakness" and "good taste." While the sites differed with respect to the literacy level of the mother-respondents, the techniques for identifying food attributes and qualities performed well in all of them. In Filingué, Niger, the attributes of animal foods included the concepts of strengthening, fattening, healthful, and blood-rich. Some foods were designated that make children feel good, are tasty, or vitamin-rich. In Doumen village people identified food as tasty, prestigious, nutritious, healthful, and filling. In selecting vegetables, beans, and meats, the main attributes of concern were price and taste. For staple foods (noodles, rice, steamed bread), filling and taste were both important. Commonly-held beliefs included the capacity of foods to impart their characteristics to the individuals who consume them. For example, it was thought that eating rabbit meat might cause a child to have a mouth and lips like a rabbit. Aetas, the concept of richness emerged as a quality of concern with respect to food. People suggested that if one eats rich food they will become spoiled and want it all the time; therefore, moderation is encouraged, except during feasts. Other food attributes included: strength-giving, filling, tasty, healthful, expensive, and prestigious. Some foods are characterized as delicious, nutritious, good for mother/child, good for the eyes, good for the blood, and for increasing breastmilk. The manual directs investigators to obtain data on microlevel (local) factors that affect food availability, health, and the potentials for family food selection. Some of this information is found in reports and interviews with persons in regional government agencies and is included in the background material in the section on the setting of the food system. Information is also obtained In key-informant interviews, market surveys, food system data tables, and food frequency data. Two key areas of local-level information included in the manual are land availability and local markets. If families have limited land resources to grow or harvest their own food and have limited income, the data on local food prices from the market survey are critical for determin
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gara che sancisce il quarto campionato vinto di fila è ancora Vidal che permette ai bianconeri di vincere per 1 a 0 contro la Sampdoria. Nella stagione successiva, c’è la clamorosa rimonta della Juventus: 24 vittorie in 25 partite permettono al capitano Buffon di entrare per l’ennesima volta nella storia. L’1-2 contro la Fiorentina porta a Torino il quinto Scudetto di fila. Ma non sarà l’ultimo. C’è lo Scudetto numero 6, vinto lo scorso anno: i bianconeri stendono 3 a 0 il Crotone e piazzano un nuovo record. Sei Scudetti di fila in serie A non li aveva mai vinti nessuno. 6, come gli anni per potersi iscrivere alla scuola elementare. The Paleolithic Diet and Its Modern Implications Email this article to a friend An Interview with Loren Cordain, PhD by Robert Crayhon, MS Reprinted by permission from Life Services Robert Crayhon: Some assert that too much protein, even beyond 60-70 grams per day, is bad for people, will damage the kidneys and liver and cause bone loss. Yet we find people groups around the world who eat a pound or more of meat per day and don't seem to have any of these problems. What does you're research suggest? Loren Cordain: Epidemiological studies have suggested that increased animal protein intake is associated with higher rates of osteoporotic fracture, and many metabolic trials have demonstrated increased urinary calcium losses with increased protein intake. However, in order to firmly establish cause and effect, and hence proof, that a certain variable is responsible for a certain effect, scientists conduct intervention trials. To my knowledge intervention studies have not been able to show that a change from low/moderate to high protein intake increases that rate of kidney stones or bone loss in either humans or animals. Stone age diets clearly were characterized by extremely high protein intakes by modern standards, yet bone robusticity and density (determined from fossil paleolithic humans) were greater than or equal to that of most modern humans despite the total absence of dairy products in stone age diets. This seeming paradox (low calcium intake, high protein intake yet strong dense bones) may probably be explained by multiple factors. Stone age humans were more active than modern people and consequently the everyday work they did resulted in greater bone loading, which in turn can influence bone density. Further, they lived outside most of the day so their sunshine exposure and hence vitamin D status would likely have been superior to most modern people who work indoors and get little sunshine exposure. Lastly, and most importantly, the critical dietary factor influencing bone metabolism and hence osteoporosis is not calcium intake, nor calcium excretion, but rather calcium balance. The acid base status of the total diet rather than calcium intake or excretion determines calcium balance (Barzel US. The skeleton as an ion exchange: implications for the role of acid-base imbalance in the genesis of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 1995; 10: 1431-36). Foods which yield a net acidic load mainly as sulfates and phosphates cause the kidneys to respond to this dietary acid challenge with net acid excretion, as well as ammonium and titratable acid excretion. Concurrently, the skeleton supplies buffer by active resorption of bone. Consequently, calciuria is directly related to net acid excretion (Barzel US, Massey LK Excess dietary protein can adversely affect bone. J Nutr 1998; 128:1051-53). Foods which cause a net acid excretion include meat, fish, cheeses and grains (Remer T, et al. Potential renal acid loads of foods and its influence on urine pH. J Am Diet Assoc. 1995 Jul; 95: 791-97). Fruits and vegetables have a net alkaline value and consequently reduce acid excretion and hence reduce calciuria thereby halting bone resorption and actually allowing bone accretion to occur. Although the dietary calcium to protein ration in stone age diets would have been quite low, the large amount of fruits and vegetables (35% of total energy) included in the diet would have produced a net dietary acid-base status which would have favored bone accretion even in the face of enormous protein intakes. Similarly, nephro and urolithiiasis would have been reduced from the high levels of fruit and vegetable consumption via their ability to reduce the potential renal acid load. Robert Crayhon: ...and they thrived and were very healthy on that. Loren Cordain: The fossil record and modern day studies of hunter gatherers suggests this. Many populations around the world consume low fat, high carbohydrate diets with little or no animal protein, yet paradoxically suffer high rates of diseases of insulin resistance and high levels of cardiovascular disease. For example, epidemiological studies of largely vegetarian Hindu populations from the Indian sub-continent have shown mortality rates from cardiovascular disease that are similar or greater than those rates found in European countries, despite their vegetarian diet. Robert Crayhon: And this is apparently due to the imbalance in their macronutrients? Loren Cordain: Yes, these populations tend to have very characteristic blood lipid parameters indicative of syndrome X. They tend to have elevated triglycerides and VLDL cholesterol and reduced HDL cholesterol. Also, the oxidative profile of their lipids tends to be worse than the oxidative profile of some westerner populations because cereal grains which have no vitamin C or no pro-vitamin A beta-carotene may sometimes displace fruits and vegetables which are a rich source of both of these antioxidants. Further, cereal grains tend to have a high Omega-6/Omega-3 ratio because they are high in linoleic acid and low in linolenic. The oxidizability of the LDL molecule increases when it's loaded up with Omega-6 fats (linoleic acid primarily). Robert Crayhon: ...even though the Omega-3 fats are technically more delicate fats? Loren Cordain: Recent in vivo studies suggest this may not be the case. Robert Crayhon: This brings us to the enormous topic of the shift in the kinds of fats in the Paleolithic even through the last centuries favoring the Omega-6's...safflower, sunflower, corn oil, and arachidonic acid rich meats devoid of EPA/DHA as opposed to... Loren Cordain: This shift has only occurred in the last 80 years or so. Robert Crayhon: And what has happened because of that shift? Loren Cordain: The types of fats that you eat influence the type of fats that are incorporated in the cell membrane. They can also influence hormonal profiles, and eicosanoid function. We tend to see a more inflammatory eicosanoid profile with elevated levels of Omega-6 fats. Robert Crayhon: And also arachidonic acids? Loren Cordain: The information is equivocal on arachidonic acid. Initial experiments indicated that arachidonic acid had mainly deleterious effects. A recent metabolic ward study of arachidonic acid indicates otherwise (Nelson GJ, et al. A human dietary arachidonic acid supplementation study conducted in a metabolic research unit: rationale and design. Lipids. 1997; 32: 415-420). Arachidonic acid is an essential fatty acid in virtually every cell of the body, and it is an important precursor for prostanoid synthesis and tissue function. More recent data suggests that the balance of arachidonic acid to long chain Omega-3 fatty acid may be more important in influencing health than absolute dietary intakes of arachidonic acid. Robert Crayhon: How much Omega-3 to Omega-6 should we have in our diet? Loren Cordain: In our laboratory, we have analyzed various tissues in wild game meat and we have found that muscle tissue contains Omega-6 to Omega-3 ratio of 3.5-4 to 1. This ratio is higher in storage fat and bone marrow, and slightly lower in certain organs. In the brain, this ratio is 1 to 1. Pre-agricultural humans, as opposed to modern humans, enjoyed eating the organs of wild animals. Certainly, they were eating the brains of the animals that they killed. The Omega-6 to Omega-3 ratio couldn't have been much lower than 4 to 1 if we only ate the meat. If we only ate the brain, it would have been roughly 1 to 1. If fish were included in the diet, it would have further reduced the 4:1 ratio found in the muscle of terrestrial animals. Additionally, the inclusion of most plant foods (but not all) would have also reduced the 4:1 ratio. The conclusion I have come to is that: The average Omega-6/Omega-3 ratio in pre-agricultural humans would have always been lower than 4 to 1, but probably not lower than 2 to 1 depending upon season, locale and macronutrient intake. Robert Crayhon: Looking at the food guide pyramid now with the Paleolithic perspective that you've helped create, what would you do if you were to design an eating guide for humans as a species? Loren Cordain: The evolutionary paradigm should be used a starting point for designing optimal nutrition guides. Clearly, it is not practical nor economically possible for all of the world's people to eat wild game, fruits and vegetables. However, the macronutrient and trace nutrient levels that typically occur in reconstructed Stone Age diets should be emulated in the design of healthful diets for modern people. Humanity is totally dependent now upon cereal grains for survival. Cereal grains provide 56% of the food energy and 50% of the protein consumed by all of the world's peoples. Without them, there would be worldwide starvation of an unprecedented proportion. we have wandered down a path of absolute dependence upon cereal grains, a path from which there is no return. Robert Crayhon: So instead of 6-11 servings of these kinds of...well, on the pyramid I think it's not just grain products but also potatoes and other sorts of carbohydrates that are thrown in there. Would you recommend keeping 2-3 servings per day of grain products or less? Or is it really hard to make any guidelines? Loren Cordain: I think that there is a significant amount of genetic variability among people which may influence how well they do on various types of diets. Insulin-resistant individuals do not seem to do well on high carbohydrate diets, particularly if the carbohydrate has a high glycemic index. Generally, most people do quite well healthwise on 2-3 servings of grain products per day. Clearly, cereal grains and agriculture allowed for the dramatic worldwide human population expansion that has occurred in the past 10,000 years since the advent of agriculture. I think what the USDA is trying to do with its Food Pyramid is to give general dietary guidelines that are beneficial for most people and which are economically feasible. I think my work is not necessarily practical for making recommendations to all of the world's people, but rather it points out how human diets may be improved from an evolutionary perspective. Robert Crayhon: If you could speak to the modern health care practitioner, nutritionist, or physician and tell them the key things Paleolithic research has taught us, what might those be? Loren Cordain: Animal based diets can be healthful if designed with macronutrient and trace nutrients that emulate those of our pre-agricultural ancestors. Low fat, high carbohydrate cereal and legume-based diets are not necessarily healthful. The implications of a Paleolithic diet are that humans tend to do quite well on high protein animal-based diets in many regards including vitamin, minerals, and fatty acid profiles. The whole concept of animal-based foods as deleterious needs to be rectified. And the idea that if a little bit of whole grain is good for you, then a lot should be better, needs to be reconsidered. Robert Crayhon: Why is it that so many people are so adamant about the negative effects of animal products? Is it because of the extraordinary difference in quality between a piece of wild game meat that may have 7-10% fat and fat of a high-quality, vs. cornfed cattle that have 40% fat of a completely different nature? Is it the pesticides or hormone residues in the meat? Is it all of the above? Loren Cordain: Wild game muscle averages about 2% fat by weight which translates to about 15% by energy. Lean cuts of domestic meat may contain 5-7% fat by weight and 30-35% fat by energy. Robert Crayhon: Even the well-marbled meats? Loren Cordain: Fatty cuts of domestic meat contain about 20% fat by weight and about 63% fat by energy. Robert Crayhon: Quite different from Paleomeat. Would a nice lean flank steak from your supermarket be 7-10% fat? Loren Cordain: It could be slightly lower than that. There have been a couple of studies that have shown that we are looking at the 5 to 7% range in a lean cut of steak that has been cut of all visible fat, but remember this value is by weight. Fat as a percent of total calories would be approximately 30-35%. As far as growth hormones and pesticide residues, I think the evidence is equivocal and may not be as important as the differences in fat content in terms of health and nutrition. Because pesticides and heavy metals occur in areas that wild animals inhabit, they are not entirely free of these toxins either. Robert Crayhon: What's the best way to cook meat? How and when did Paleopeoples start cooking their meat? Loren Cordain: Organized stone hearths (and hence the first concrete evidence for the control of fire) probably did not occur until the appearance of Neanderthals roughly 200,000 years ago. So prior to this time, humans probably did not cook their meat. I do not recommend, however, eating raw or slightly cooked meat because of potential bacterial contamination. Robert Crayhon: What is the best way to cook meat? Loren Cordain: The way we tend to cook meat these days is very different from the ways of hunters and gatherers who tend to slow-cook meats over a long period of time. A favored cooking procedure was digging a pit and putting in hot stones, putting in the whole animal or portions of it, putting in vegetable matter and other stones above the vegetable matter and cooking the meat all day long. So what is suggested is slow cooking at low heat. Robert Crayhon: Throw out the microwave and get a crock pot. Loren Cordain: Well, yes. If you take a lean cut of venison, elk, or buffalo, and throw it on the barbecue, you'll find it's as tough as rubber but if you put it on a crock pot or a Dutch oven and cook it all day long, you'll find that it will come out quite tender and also, the nutrient content remains relatively high. Also, you don't have to worry about bacterial problems. Robert Crayhon: I know you're doing some groundbreaking work right now looking at the role of high consumption of grains as a possible trigger for many auto-immune diseases. Can you comment on that? Loren Cordain: We don't have any clinical data at this point. We have a theoretical model which points in many directions towards exactly what you're saying. Robert Crayhon: Are multiple sclerosis, lupus and rheumatoid arthritis rare in populations where no grain products are consumed? Loren Cordain: Some epidemiological evidence would indicate exactly that. Part of the problem in getting epidemiological evidence like this is that there are very few populations on this planet that don't eat cereal grains... Prior to acculturation, Eskimos and peoples of the far North were reported to have a low incidence of auto-immune diseases. With acculturation, the prevalence of auto-immune diseases are increasing in these populations and may approach Western levels. Experimentally, we know that the expression of certain auto-immune diseases (e.g. insulin dependent diabetes mellitus IDDM) increases in animal models when they are fed high cereal grain diets. We believe that cereal grains may influence immune function by the ability of their lectins (specifically wheat germ agglutinin-WGA) to allow passage of undegraded dietary antigens and antigens derived from intestinal pathogens (viruses and bacteria) to peripheral tissue. Through a process called molecular mimicry, in which there are structural similarities between the body's own tissue and that of the dietary antigen and/or the intestinal pathogen antigen, the immune system loses the ability to distinguish self tissue from non-self tissue and mounts an immune attack upon the body's own tissue. Many of these structural similarities between cereal grain peptides and the body's own tissues seem to involve collagenous tissues. Robert Crayhon: Which grains have protein sequences closest to human collagen tissue? Loren Cordain: The literature suggests that the alcohol soluble portion of wheat contains peptide sequences that may mimic peptide sequences in the body. But it's a more complicated issue than that. It has to do with the genetics of the person with the auto-immune disease as well. Robert Crayhon: The upshot of all this is that it couldn't hurt if you've got an auto-immune disease to try a grain-free diet. Loren Cordain: Well, it's more than grain-free. We found again from a Paleolithic perspective that humans didn't drink a lot of dairy, nor did they consume legumes or yeast-containing foods. Dairy, legumes, and yeast contain peptides with amino acid sequence that are homologous to amino acid sequences in a variety of human tissues as well. Robert Crayhon: What about other foods such as fowl, fish, and fruits and vegetables? Are these foods that are relatively free of these similar proteins? Loren Cordain: Generally speaking, most people don't have trouble with land based flesh foods. Some people have trouble with shellfish or seafood from an immunological perspective. Elimination diets tend not to use shellfish or fish, as some people have trouble with these. Robert Crayhon: But as you've said, the grains, the dietary products, the legumes, and yeast are the much more likely suspects. Any closing comments on the immune problems caused by the agricultural revolution before we close our discussion? Loren Cordain: I think we need to have clinical trials obviously eliminating these kinds of foods: cereal grains, dairy products, legumes, and yeast. This would be difficult for people who have been weaned on a Western diet, but humans throughout most of the course of our stay on this planet did not eat those foods or rarely
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restricted online copy at Google Books) - Federico Trocini: L’invenzione della «Realpolitik» e la scoperta della «legge del potere». August Ludwig von Rochau tra radicalismo e nazional-liberalismo, il Mulino, Bologna 2009 In a dark room, 3 blue hats and 2 green hats sit on a table. 3 people, 1 blind, enter the room. Each of the 3 people takes a hat random, without being able to see what colour they wear. The remaining 2 hats are taken out of the room. The light is switched on and each person is asked to say whether they can guess the colour of the hat they are wearing. – The first person says NO – The second person, after the first one, says NO – The blind person speaks last. Which of the following sentences related to the blind man must be true? 1 – Probability his hat is blue is 60% 2 – He’s wearing a blue hat 3 – He’s wearing a green hat 4 – Probability his hat is green is 20% Right answer is: 2) The blind man is wearing a blue hat There are only seven possible combinations of hats using two green (G) and three blue (B) hats [notation is (FirstPerson,SecondPerson,BlindPerson)]: (BGG) , (GBG) , (BBG) , (BGB) , (GGB) , (GBB) , (BBB) Scenario 1 (BGG) : That is not possible. Indeed, since there are only two green hats, the first person would have seen the other two wear a green hat and would have known strainght away he was wearing a blue one. Scenario 2 (GBG) : Similar to Scenario 1, thesecond person would have known he was wearing a blue hat. therefore this scenario is not possible. Scenario 3 (BBG) : The second person knows that if he and the blind man had both been wearing green then the first one would have known he was wearing a blue hat and would therefore have answered “Yes”. Since the first person answered “No” and the blind man is wearing a green hat, then the second person would have known he was himself wearing a blue hat. Therefore this scenario is also not possible. The remaining four scenarios are (BGB), (GGB), (GBB), (BBB), all of which have the blind man wearing a blue hat. 128 total views, 1 views today Müşterilerimizin memnuniyeti bizim hizmet yükseltme ve sorunsuz bir One Two Trade ticaret deneyimi sunmak için çabalarımızı uzatmak için bize yol açmıştır.Bu bize daha iyi bir broker platformu daha doğru itmek için sürücüler müşterilerimizin memnuniyetidir. Biz dünya çapında müşterilerimize güvenilir One Two Trade bankacılık seçenekleri sunmak için çaba. Biz, ulaşılabilir, güvenilir ve kullanışlı daha iyi bankacılık seçenekler oluşturmak istiyorum. Ve biz One Two Trade Visa yöntemi tanıtan, bir tane buldum. Dünyada en saygın kredi kartı sağlayıcılarından biri olan, Visa sanayi sorunsuz ve güvenli işlemler sağlama planda kalır. One Two Trade Visa yöntemi ile, paranızı güvenli ellerde olduğunu temin ederim. Bu işlemlerin güvenli bir şekilde yürütülmesini sağlamaktır. Bunu Visa kredi kartınızı kullanarak hesabınıza para ne kadar kolay şaşıracaksınız. Dahası, Visa kredi kartları ile yapılan mevduat anında ve otomatik olarak hesabınıza yatırılır. Böylece, sizin hesabınıza para sonra ikili seçenekleri dakikada ticareti devam edebilirsiniz. Bu kolaylık daha sorunsuz daha az bulunuyor. Bu One Two Trade de ticaret için daha eğlenceli. Visa kredi kartları mevduat yapmak için sınırlı değil, siz de kazancınızı nakit için kredi kartı kullanabilirsiniz.Harika, değil mi? İlk kez One Two Trade Visa ödeme yöntemini kullanırken, kart bilgilerinizi sağlamanız gerekir. Bir sonraki mevduat baştan yazmanız gerekmez bu ayrıntıların daha sonra hesabınızda saklanır. Ayrıca, bizimle kredi kartı hesabı emanet edebilirsiniz. Herhangi bir üçüncü kişi ve diğer potansiyel tehditlere karşı mali bilgilerinizi korumak için high-end güvenlik önlemleri kullanabilirsiniz. Visa kredi kartı kullanarak, sizin hesabınıza anında fon, az sorunlarını ve endişelerini ama büyük kolaylık tadını çıkarabilirsiniz. SugaNormForte İncelemeleri, diyabetin kronik durumunu düzenlemek ve şiddetli semptom risklerini ortadan kaldırmak için tasarlanmış etkili bir kapsül paketidir. Kandaki doğru glikoz seviyesi yönetimi ve ayrıca vücuttaki doğal insülin üretimini artırmak için önerilir. Kontrolümüz sırasında, kapsüllerin bütçeye uygun fiyatları ve anında etkileri nedeniyle övüldüğü tonlarca geri bildirim yazısı okuduk. Bu ürünü tartışalım: – SugaNormForte nedir? SugaNormForte kapsülleri, kan şekeri seviyelerinin dengelenmesine yardımcı olmak için oluşturulmuştur. Bu ek, doğal bileşenler içerir ve rolü, vücuda fayda sağlamak için pankreastaki insülin artışını teşvik etmektir. Bu hapları alarak, glikoz, kan şekeri sorunları olan kişiler için artık bir sorun olmaktan çıkar ve insülin üretimi, onu tüketen kişinin sağlığını ve yaşam tarzını iyileştirebilir. SugaNormForte'u kimler kullanabilir? SugaNormForte Kapsül, üreticileri tarafından kan şekeri seviyelerinde sorun yaşayan ve vücudundaki glikozu düzenlemesi gereken kişiler için tasarlanmıştır. Normal glikoz seviyelerini korumak, sağlığı korumak ve kan basıncı komplikasyonlarından kaçınmak için çok önemlidir, bu nedenle bu ürünün kullanımı hem kullanıcıya hem de kan şekeri kontrolüne fayda sağlamalıdır. SugaNormForte Faydaları Bu kapsüller, hem tip 1 hem de birkaç diyabet hastası için aşağıdakiler dahil olmak üzere mükemmel faydaları garanti eder: - Pankreas için destek - Glikozun bağırsaklar tarafından uygun şekilde emilmesi - Sadece kronik hipertansiyon durumu da dahil olmak üzere sürekli normal yaşamsal belirtiler - Tüm yıl boyunca sabit kan şekeri oranları - Hormonal denge anomalilerini önler - Bakteri ve virüslere karşı sistem tepkilerini artırın - Kan damarları ve dolayısıyla kalp gücü üzerinde olumlu etki - SugaNormForte ayrıca inflamatuar süreçleri azaltır ve - Toksinleri veya fazla sıvıları organizmanızdan uzak tutar - Pankreasın sağlığını iyileştirmeye ve işlevini optimize etmeye yardımcı olmalıdır. - Ani şeker artışlarıyla savaşmaya ve glikoz seviyelerini düzenlemeye yardımcı olabilir. - Vücut tarafından üretilen insülinin artışını teşvik etme rolüne sahiptir. - SugaNormForte tabletleri doğal içeriklerden yapılmıştır, bu nedenle vücutta herhangi bir yan etkiye neden olmamalıdır. SugaNormForte İçeriği ve Malzemeler. Ürün Formülü Nedir? SugaNormForte kapak içeriği saftır ve karaciğerinizi, sisteminizi, kanınızı veya cildinizi sarhoş edecek GDO'lar, alerjenler, kimyasal maddeler veya diğer zararlı elementlerden arındırılmıştır. Bu genellikle veganlar ve glüten ve süt ürünlerine alerjisi olan diğer kişiler için uygun olan şeker hastalığı için doğal bir ilaçtır. SugaNormForte ürün bileşenleri, diyabetli hastalara bu kronik durum için önerilen sağlık rejimine eklenecek güvenli ve etkili bir formül sağlamak için özenle toplanmıştır. Bu devrim niteliğindeki gıda takviyesi içeriği hakkında daha fazla ayrıntı inceleyin. SugaNormForte İçindekiler: Laktobasiller, insülinin vücutta toplanmasını normalleştirecek ve ayrıca herhangi bir yüksek kan şekeri oranı krizlerini önleyecek önemli düzenleyici ajanlardır. Bifid bakteriler, metabolik süreçleri tamamen iyileştiren ve amino asitlerin ve karbonhidratların düzenli işlenmesini normalleştiren süper özel bir element olabilir. Ayrıca vücuttaki iltihaplanma ile ilişkili komplikasyonları da önler. İçeriğe, antioksidan koruma sağlayarak ve stabil kan şekeri oranlarını garanti ederek kötü kolesterol seviyesini düşürmek ve vücuttaki serbest radikallerin sayısını azaltmak için Milkvetch eklenir. Nepal, pankreası iyileştirmek ve tüm sistemi desteklemek için muazzam bir özelliğe sahip nadir bir bitki olabilir. Barberry, vücuttaki karbonhidrat işlemeyi yönetmek için kalitesiyle bilinen küçük meyvelerdir. Daha spesifik olmak gerekirse, bitki karbonhidratların basit şekerlere dönüşme tehlikesini ortadan kaldırması açısından önemlidir. Bu minik meyveler sayesinde vücudunuz karbonhidratları düzgün bir şekilde emer ve ayrıca hayati işaret oranını azaltır. Ekşi çorba, benzersiz bir sistem uyarıcısı olabilir, ancak aynı zamanda tüm dolaşım sistemine daha fazla güç ve kuvvet verir. Çemen otu tohumları, kan şekeri oranını normalleştirmek ve vücudun glikoz tolerans oranını dengelemek için teşvik edilir. Tinospora'nın yüksek yaşamsal belirtiler, baş ağrısı, göz problemleri, kontrolden çıkmış iştah ve aşırı kilo gibi diyabet semptomlarının çoğunda yatıştırıcı etkisi, ayrıca kısa nefes sendromu ve yavaş yara iyileşmesi olduğu uzun zamandır bilinmektedir. Açlığı düzenlemeye ve vücudun tüketilen kalorileri enerjiye dönüştürerek işlemesine yardımcı olan bir diğer nadir bitki de Gymnema'dır. Karahindiba kökü, ekstra insüline ihtiyaç duyan ve vücutta sıklıkla iltihaplı süreçlerden muzdarip insanlar için harika bir besleyici madde olabilir. - Enginar – Kan şekerini düzenlemeye yardımcı olmalıdır. - Yacón – Kolesterolü normalleştirebilecek özelliklere sahiptir. - Çemen otu – SugaNormForte bileşenleri arasında kan basıncını stabilize etme ve yara iyileşme sürecini iyileştirme rolü vardır. - Kuti-Kuti – Metabolizmayı hızlandırabilir ve insülin oluşumunu artırabilir. SugaNormForte Kullanım Talimatları Ve Yan Etkileri. SugaNormForte Alma Yolu ve Dozu? Diyabet için SugaNormForte kapsülleri aslında eczanede bulunan ilaçlar değildir. Ürünü takiben, Hindistan, Malezya ve Peru'daki resmi distribütör tarafından sağlanan kılavuzda belirtilen kullanım talimatları bir zorunluluk ve kural olabilir. SugaNormForte'un Kontrendikasyonları olmamasına ve sağlığınıza zarar vermemesine rağmen, diyabete karşı yararlı etkisini hızlı bir şekilde görmek istiyorsanız, kapsülleri alma şeklinize kesinlikle uymanız gerekir. Bunları aşağıda okuyun: - Diyabet için SugaNormForte kapsülleri sadece dahili kullanım içindir - Günlük dozu aşmayın - Günlük doz 2 kapsül için yeterlidir. - Sabah ve akşam olmak üzere iki kapsülü ayrı ayrı alınız. - Kapsüller nasıl yenir? – Yemekten önce yeterince ılık su, meyve suyu veya diğer alkolsüz içecekler ile daha iyi - Yan etki yok – kontrendikasyon yok - Önceden bir doktorla reçete veya konsültasyona gerek yok SugaNormForte Yan Etkileri Yaratıcısına göre, SugaNormForte'un çalışma şekli yan etkilere veya kontrendikasyonlara neden olmamalıdır. Bu ürün, kandaki glikoz seviyesini artırabilecek faktörleri normalleştirme rolüne sahiptir, bu nedenle bu haplar, kişi karbonhidrat tükettiğinde bile bu durumun kontrolüne katkıda bulunmalıdır. Bu takviyelerin bileşimi doğaldır ve kan şekeri düzeylerini stabilize etmeye yardımcı olmak için oluşturulmuştur. Üreticiye göre, bu kapsüllerin içeriği herhangi bir yan etkiye neden olmamalıdır. Ne için olduğu, nasıl alındığı ve nasıl çalıştığı hakkında daha fazla bilgi için web sitesini ziyaret edebilirsiniz. SugaNormForte kapsülleri, doğal maddeler kullanarak kan şekeri seviyelerini normalleştirmeye yardımcı olmak için tasarlanmıştır. Kan şekeri kontrolünü etkileyen birçok faktör vardır ve incelemelere ve referanslara göre SugaNormForte, tüm bu süreci çok daha katlanılabilir hale getirebilir. Bu hapların kullanımı sadece insülin emilimini desteklemekle kalmamalı, aynı zamanda sağlık koşullarını da iyileştirmelidir. Resmi web sitesi bu eki satın alabileceğiniz yerdir. Bir e-posta kullanarak alıcı siparişi verebilecek ve ardından almak için beklemek zorunda kalacak. Herhangi bir kuruluşa gitmeden her şey uzaktan yapılabilir. Sıkça sorulan sorular ve cevapları: SugaNormForte karbonhidrat emilimi ile ne yapar? Bu formül, böyle bir ürün olmadan daha zor olabilecek gıda emilimi gerçekleştiğinde bile kan şekerini kontrol etmeye yardımcı olmalıdır. SugaNormForte'un sağlığa olumlu etkisi nedir? Bu haplar, yüksek glikoz nedeni ile mücadele etmeli, kan damarlarının sağlığını iyileştirmeli, vücuttaki insülini, kandaki etkisini artırmalı ve yaşam kalitesini iyileştirmelidir. SugaNormForte Nasıl Satın Alınır? Bunun için üreticinin web sitesi kullanılmalıdır, fiyat orada olacak ve oradan sipariş verilebilir. Son sözler SugaNormForte kapsülleri, diyabet kronik durumunuzu kontrol edecek ve daha fazla komplikasyon tehlikesini ortadan kaldıracak şekilde üretilmiştir. Bu gıda takviyesi, resmi web sitesinde indirimli rekabetçi bir fiyatla bulunmaktadır. Lütfen eczaneden yapılan herhangi bir alışverişin riskli olduğunu unutmayın çünkü mağazalarda hemen tonlarca sahte kapsül var. How do I conduct a test question analysis? Track My Progress is a transparent assessment. This means that you can view the test questions each of your students saw and you can view the correct answer, your student's answer and whether your student skipped the test question. This transparency allows you to conduct a test question analysis when you need more information as to the exact nature of your student's misunderstandings or a more concrete picture of their skills. The first step in conducting a test question analysis is to drill into your data to see the list of test questions for your student. - Sign in to your account. - Select Groups and the subject or domain (e.g. Reading or Geometry). - From the Groups graph select your student of concern. - You will see one or more vertical bars representing each test event for the current school year. Select the most recent test event or the test event for which you would like to see the test questions. Analyzing the test question list You will now be viewing the list of test questions for the test event you selected. The test question list view provides several features that facilitate your test question analysis. There are seven columns of data which can be sorted by clicking on the column heading. Click once to sort. Click again to reverse sort. These column headings allow you to sort on the following criteria: - Question: The question number in order that the student saw the questions during the test. - Subject: The Common Core subject of the question. - Domain: The Common Core domain of the question. - Standard: The Common Core standard of the test question. - Level: The difficulty level of the test question. This can be very easy, easy, medium, or hard. - Time: The time required by the student to complete the question. - Answer: Whether the student answered correctly, incorrectly, or skipped the question. Sorting by these column headings enables you to bring certain types of questions to the top to answer your questions about the student's test experience. Here are some examples of concerns you may have about your student's test experience and how you can find answers: - Did my student skip any test questions? - A skipped test question will show on the list as a yellow down arrow. If your student skipped more than one or two test questions it could be that your student was not engaged with the test and did not put forth an effort that reveals their best understanding and skills. If there are other sources of data that point to the student being unengaged and not motivated you could look to intervene in those areas as opposed to focusing on the specific content the student skipped. - Did my student answer any questions in less than five seconds? - Some students will move through the test very quickly and not carefully consider the test questions. Maybe they want to "finish first" or "just want to be done." Helping the student understand the value of the test to your teaching as well as exploring interventions that address engagement and motivation could be next steps. - What is the overall trend of the difficulty level of the test questions? - By reviewing the Level column you can see how the computer adaptive test modified the difficulty of the test questions to fit the learning zone of the student. Most students will start with easy or very easy test questions for the first few. But where does the test go from there? Did the test questions remain easy for a while and then drop to very easy? Do you see in the Standard column the grade level indicator drop frequently below the student's current grade? This is letting you know the test had to branch below grade level to find the learning zone of the student. Or maybe the difficulty level of the questions progressed from easy, to medium to hard. By the end of the test was the student consistently seeing hard test questions? This indicates the student was effectively working above grade level. You may also place your cursor on top of the information in any of these columns to get a more detailed explanation. For example, if you place your cursor on top of the Standard for a test question in the list a window will appear that provides the full Common Core Standard definition. Viewing a test question You can view any test question by clicking the test question number in the left column of the list of test questions. This will open a new window displaying the test question as it appeared to the student. At the top of the test question window are several links that will provide more information when selected: - Improve this item - Use this link if you would like to provide feedback to us so we can improve Track My Progress. You may have an idea for how to formulate the question to better measure the standard. Or you may have found something distracting or unfair about the question. Please let us know by using this link. - See correct answer - Clicking this link will show the correct answer to the question. - Common Core Standard - This alphanumeric code is the Common Core standard for the test question. You can place your cursor on top of the code to see a description of the standard. - Question number out of total number of questions - "1 out of 25" means the first test question out of 25 total test questions. There is an arrow to the right of the 25 that you can select to move through the test questions without having to return to the test question list to select the next question. - See student answer - Clicking this link will display the student's answer to the test question as she provided it during her test. If the student skipped this question it will not change when you click this link. - Student answer - The green check mark, red x or yellow triangle indicates whether the student answered correctly, incorrectly, or skipped this question. - This is the elapsed time the student required to answer this test question. Analyzing a test question Viewing the actual test questions provides you with important information that can help you address your concerns about your students. Here are some ways teachers have been using test question analysis with Track My Progress to better guide their students. - For students well below grade level, how do I know where to enter for their intervention? - Students with many very easy test questions in their test
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用于治疗各种实体瘤,如胃癌、乳腺癌、腺癌、肺癌、肝癌等,对精原细胞癌和癌性腹膜炎也一定疗效医.学全.在.线www.med126.com。常与尿、阿素、顺等联合应用。 【不良反应】局部刺激性大,主要毒性为持久的骨抑制,常见白细胞及血小板减少。恶心、吐、腹、胃炎、皮炎、发热和不适等亦有发生。 博来素类 【药理作用】博来素(Bleomycins)是从放线菌培养物中分离到的水溶性混合物。从我国浙江平阳土壤中放线菌的培养物分离得到的抗生素称为平阳素(Pingyangmycin),两者仅各组分间比例不同,作用机制相同。博来素入DNA分子形成稳定的结合后医.学全.在.线www.med126.com,在O2的存在下,将DNA组分氧化,使单链或双链DNA断裂。本品为细胞周期非特异性药物。 【临床应用】博来素对丸或卵巢的生殖细胞肿瘤效果良好,治疗丸癌时与长春、顺合用可使部分患者获得完全缓解。与顺或其他药物合用,对头颈部、皮肤、消化道、生殖道的状上皮细胞癌和恶性淋巴瘤也有较好疗效。 【不良反应】对骨抑制很轻,但有显著的皮肤、黏膜毒性,可导致皮肤过度色素沉着、角质化和。肺毒性是本品最严重的毒性,可引起肺纤维化,但少见。其他不良反应有胃肠道反应、口腔炎、脱发、头痛、变态反应等。 2013执业西药师药理学辅导汇总 2013执业药师考试仿真题库免费下载 the theory of making decisions based on assigning probabilities to various factors and assigning numerical consequences to the outcome. Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2023 British Dictionary definitions for decision theory statistics the study of strategies for decision-making under conditions of uncertainty in such a way as to maximize the expected utility: See also game theory Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 YANIT Önce kısaca octahedrondan -yani sekizyüzlüden- söz edelim ve Platondan başlayalım: Batı dünyasını yüceltmeyi ve doğuyu küçümsemeyi "gelişim" olarak algılayan kimselerin çok beğendiği Platon aslında ataerkil olarak nitelenen düşünce sisteminin ana kurucularındandır. Ona yönelik yüceltmeyi -yine batı dünyasında adaletin büyük mimarı olarak algılanan- Hammurabiye gösterilen saygıya benzetmek mümkündür. Oysa bu iki kişi, doğadışı kuralları yüceltip norm haline dönüştürerek Büyük Yırtılmaya adım adım değil, ışık hızında yaklaşmamıza neden olan sistemi yaratan kimliklerdendirler. Platonun ataerkilliği doğadaki her şeye sınır çizme (giderek katı kurallar koyma) eğiliminde izlenebilir. Ona göre elementler cisimlere tekabül etmektedirler: Timaus adlı diyaloğunda yazdığı gibi "dört yüzlü" (üçgen piramit) ateşi, "sekiz yüzlü" (oktahedron) havayı, "yirmi yüzlü" (ikosahedron) suyu, "küp" dünyayı, "on iki yüzlü" (dodekahedron) ise evreni temsil etmektedir. Hava, elementlerin en belalısıdır. Tarot kartlarında akıl ve acıdır. Akıl olarak insanlara dayatılan şeyin ne olduğu belki buradan anlaşılabilir. [ Yüzyıllar boyunca kadınları geri zekalı (düşünsel açıdan yetersiz) olarak karalayan sistemin hatalı olduğunu anaerki savunmuş, kadınlarda içgüdü olarak isimlendirilen ve yaşarken daha işe yarar olan bir unsur bulunduğunu ön sürmüş, son yıllarda bu gerçek (illa zeka olacak inadı ile, duygu ve zekanın birbirine karılamayacağıı görmezden gelerek) duygusal zeka adı altında popülarize edilmeye koyulmuştur. ] Oktahedroncular; - priamitlerden birinin (sanırım Giza idi) altında bir piramit daha olduğunu savunurlar, en büyük oktahedron olan bu piramit enerjiktir, - nöronların bilinç yarattığına inanılan tiplerinin piramit nöronlar olarak adlandırıldığının altını çizerler (oysa bu nöronların piramite -görsel açıdan- benzerlikleri yoktur), - astronomide bizim galaksinin (samanyolunun) üyesi olduğu 40 galaksilik lokal grupun, 2000 galaksilik Virgo (Başak) superclusterını oktahedrona benzetirler (yine bir dipnot; anaerkide Başak burcu, Terazi ve Boğa ile birlikte en kutsal burçtur ve ataerkil astrolojinin dokundurduğu gibi sinameki bir yapısı yoktur). Anaerki ise evrende sınır, ya da "sınırlı şekil" şeklinde bir yapı olmadığını savunur. Bu gerçek, evrende hiçbir şeyde kesinlik olmadığını (her insanın aslında canının istediği her şeyi yapma kapasitesi ile doğduğunu) ortaya koyan kuantum mekaniği ile ortaya çıkmıştır. Anaerkide (aslında doğada) -tıpkı kesin kural olmadığı gibi- köşeli ve sınırlı hiçbir şey yoktur. Köşeli ve sınırlı olan, ataerki tarafından köşeli ve sınırlıya çevrilerek insanların doğal olandan ayrılması (acı çekmesi) için yaratılmış şeylerdir. Şimdi de piramit konusundan yola çıkarak felaket/komplo teorilerine atlayalım ve bazı önerilerde bulunalım: Rich Terrell benzeri, bazı bilim adamları evrenin kozmos ötesi bilgisayar programcıları tarafından yönetildiğini (bir simülasyon olduğunu) öne sürmektedirler. Bunun kanıtını da evrenin piksellerden meydana gelmesinde aramakta, yani kuantları piksel olarak görmektedirler. Bu programcı evrenin yaratıcısı ise, evrenden silinmeyen kötülük yüzünden öncel evreni bölenin ve istediği gibi (buna işine yarayacak gibi diyelim mi?) yeniden yaratanın kendisi olduğu; dahası, derinlerde doğa dışı (öncel evrenin yapısına ters) simetrik düzen (oktehedron benzeri somut/kompakt yapılar) bulunabileceği düşünülebilir. Söz konusu kuşkunun gerçekliği bağlamında ise anaerkil ezoterizmin gösterdiği yolda ilerlemek, köşeli/simetrik şeylere itibar etmemek bir çözüm (kurtuluş) olabilir; çünkü bu yaklaşım, kozmik bilgisayarcının gizli simetrik dokusunda yırtılma yaratacaktır. Belki de anaerkil düşünceler (şekiller/renkler vb.) bu yüzden lanetlenerek yok edilmeye çalışıyordur Kimi bilir? رییس جمهوری چین عهد کرده است تشعشات اکسید دو کربن را که کشور او تولید می کند، کاهش دهد. چین یکی از بزرگترین آلایندگان در جهان است، و هو جیانتائو، رییس جمهوری، روز سه شنبه در کنفرانس بررسی تغییر آب و هوا در نیویورک گفت چین قصد دارد تا سال ۲۰۲۰، پانزده درصد انرژی خود را از منابع قابل بازیافت به دست آورد. او همچنین گفت چین تا سال ۲۰۲۰ میزان گازهای گلخانه ای را در حد قابل ملاحظه ای نسبت به سال ۲۰۰۵ کاهش خواهد داد. او رقمی ارایه نداد، و گفت هر کاهشی بر اساس تولید اقتصادی کشور محاسبه خواهد شد. یوکیو هاتویاما، نخست وزیر ژاپن، نیز به رهبران جهان گفت کشور او قصد دارد تا سال ۲۰۲۰ تشعشات گاز گلخانه ای را ۲۵ در صد نسبت به سطوح سال ۱۹۹۰ کاهش دهد. As a young child in Glasgow I was desperate to visit the United States, to see its incredible landscapes and its legendary urbanism: the Grand Canyon, the Manhattan skyline. But it wasn’t until visiting much later that I experienced what is truly the iconic American landscape: the strip, that stretch of multi-lane road leading off into the distance, surrounded on either side by fast-food restaurants, islands of retail lost in seas of asphalt. Strip development, and its cousin the shopping mall, are symbols of America’s gift to urbanism: sprawl. Los Angeles may be the world’s most famously sprawling city but is it the worst culprit? What about Montreal, or Brisbane, both low density cities in countries with no shortage of space and a strong love of the car? Sprawl, even though we know when we see it, proves extremely difficult to pin down into a functional definition. Urban sprawl is usually huge, mainly low-density, mostly unplanned, and primarily residential development that covers increasing areas of land around city cores. It is suburbia on steroids or, as Robert Kirkman’s The Ethics of Metropolitan Growth puts it: “sprawl suggests the city has collapsed, like a drunkard on a sidewalk, and is now spreading inexorably outwards, oblivious to the surrounding countryside”. The first and most important common factors is the car. After the second world war, American developers took advantage of cheap oil and the personal mobility made possible by car ownership to create low density residential developments that were not contiguous with places of work, commerce and leisure. These single-use areas often consist of detached houses in the centre of a lawn, scattered over the landscape, often unevenly, with residual gaps of undeveloped land between them and the city. Although the first use of the term “urban sprawl” appears to be in the context of London in 1955, what we know as sprawl is a quintessentially American invention – it is aspirational, a culture of free individualism, of conspicuous wealth, and requires a seemingly limitless supply of land and resources. To live in sprawl means driving to work, driving to get dinner, driving to meet your friends. It means congestion, as its inhabitants travel ludicrous distances for work or basic services, and isolation due to the lack of the perks of compact city life. Sprawl eats up huge areas in very inefficient ways, destroying arable land and creating monocultures. Furthermore, a sprawling metropolis generates vastly greater amounts of pollution and CO2 than a more compact one. There is no reliable combined measure of sprawl, and many geographers shy away from using the term because of its negative connotations. Perhaps the most reliable metric comes from looking at population density. To look at the whole world is difficult, as definitions of metropolitan boundaries don’t always match up, but free-market think tank Demographia’s annual World Urban Areas survey attempts just that. The results seem to tally with what we expect: American areas completely dominate the low densities, and among many smaller conurbations the lowest density large cities are Atlanta, Boston, St Louis, Orlando and San Juan. The only real competition the Americans have is with places like Brisbane, Australia, or Quebec City, Canada, both countries with a lot of land and a love of the car. In Europe, down there in the low densities are a number of French urban areas such as Nantes and Toulon, but little else, while the Middle East sneaks in with Saudi Arabia’s Ad Dammam. According to Demographia’s metric, East Asian and South American cities tend not to sprawl at all. The problem with an average value though, is that it mistakes particular characteristics. For example, London and Athens have very similar average densities, but the Greek city has a far denser core and a much more sprawling suburbia. Some researchers try to overcome these difficulties through additional metrics. Researchers for Smart Growth America introduced mixes of use, presence of “centres”, and accessibility as other factors. Their research was pretty damning for the southern states, with Atlanta, Nashville and Memphis to the bottom of the list. Elsewhere, Thomas Laidley of NYU recently created a Sprawl Index using aerial imagery. One remarkable aspect was the discovery that Los Angeles is now the densest urban centre in the US. The city which is usually considered the ultimate in sprawl has reached such a consistent intensity of development that there is very little spare land of any kind that could lower its score. Laidley’s index once again gives the worst scores to cities in the deep south: Columbia in South Carolina and Hickory in North Carolina. Is sprawl so bad? If it can’t be carefully defined, is sprawl necessarily bad? The great urbanist Lewis Mumford thought so, arguing hysterically in The City in History in 1961 that the endpoint of sprawling megacities was “total human annihilation”, falling victim to technical rationality and the end of organic human existence. Later, characters as ideologically different as the New Urbanists and Richard Rogers would advocate dense, walkable cities with active street life, an anti-sprawl attitude that is now standard in much planning, at least in Britain. Even as it stands on the cusp of change, the ultimate sprawling city still has to be Los Angeles. Think of the classic view from the Griffith Observatory, looking down at that vast carpet of concrete with its threads of light from the clogged highways. LA is decentred, potentially limitless, and stands for everything terrible about what happens when cities are developed without planning: swathes of low density housing, completely severed by roads, the whole terrain plagued by filthy smog. Architecture critic Christopher Hawthorne talks of a ‘first’ Los Angeles at the beginning of the 20th century, when it grew much like a European city, before the ‘second’ LA happened post-war: mass-transit was eliminated, the freeway took over, suburbia raced to the edge of the mountains. This created the LA that everyone loves to hate, the “72 suburbs in search of a city” in the words of Dorothy Parker. The ‘third’ LA, which is developing now, is in Hawthorne’s words “having to re-learn the art of sharing the city,” by intensifying its civic culture within its own boundaries, becoming a haven for artists, constructing more collective housing, and with new transport infrastructure that includes walking and cycling. Others have defended sprawl on its own terms. Architectural historian Reyner Banham wrote the seminal Los Angeles: City of the Four Ecologies in 1972. Excited by its unapologetic modernity, Banham argued that the sprawling quality of LA offered “radical alternatives” to, not deviations from, what was accepted wisdom in urbanism. This refrain was taken up by Jonathan Meades in his 2012 series On France, where he noted sprawl’s prevalence, and mounted a muted defence: “It is not vilified. It is nothing to be ashamed of. Nor is pride taken in it as pride is taken in conventionally elegant towns and orthodoxly pretty villages. Sprawl is accepted, it’s there.” At the end of the day, sprawl is probably best described as the antithesis of an ideal city type – the compact, efficient pedestrian settlement with a rich civic culture – and thus is an essentially negative term. Advocates for free markets may well argue that sprawl is simply the free and natural result of people’s desire for their own space but in the future, with massive urban growth still to come, is it materially or ecologically possible to sustain 20th century petrol-soaked American sprawl across the world? "Abbiamo ottenuto un punto in uno stadio dove finora poche squadre erano rimaste imbattute" Il tecnico Walter Mazzarri al termine del pareggio contro il Napoli ha voluto esprimere così la sua soddisfazione: "Devo fare i complimenti ai miei ragazzi, abbiamo ottenuto un punto in uno stadio dove finora poche squadre erano rimaste imbattute. Inoltre, quella di oggi è la quarta partita consecutiva nella quale non subiamo gol. Per quanto riguarda la partita, devo dire che i partenopei sono una squadra tecnicamente formidabile e sono dotati anche di una grande forza fisica, sono rimasto impressionato. Noi, ancora una volta, abbiamo sbagliato tre o quattro cose importanti che ci potevano consentire di fare gol, però oggi era davvero difficile: loro ci pressavano con grande veemenza in qualsiasi zona del campo. Oggi per la prima volta abbiamo sofferto dal lato fisico, ma questo è dovuto soprattutto alla grande forza del Napoli. Un guerriero come Rincon ha avuto qualche difficoltà e ha sofferto un po', mentre di solito nessuno riesce a sovrastarlo. Belotti? È ovvio, all'attaccante piace far gol e quindi se non riesce a farlo un po' ne risente. Detto ciò, non è neanche particolarmente fortunato, anche nell'ultima partita ha avuto un'occasione clamorosa per segnare ma il portiere avversario ha fatto una grande partita. Lui però è in una grande forma fisica, si vede, aiuta la squadra e rincorre tutti gli avversari. Ansaldi? Il suo ruolo come mezz'ala è nato per una situazione di emergenza, visto che avevamo dei giocatori infortunati e altri squalificati. È un giocatore talmente forte che può giocare ovunque. All'inizio si è dovuto abituare perchè non aveva il passo, ma è un giocatore di qualità". دونالد ترامپ رئیس جمهوری آمریکا روز جمعه ۱۷ اسفند برای بازدید و بررسی جریانهای کمک رسانی به مناطق آسیب دیده در پی گردباد و توفان، راهی ایالت آلاباما شد. پرزیدنت ترامپ راهی «لی کاونتی» در شرق آلاباما میشود که در جریان گردباد و توفان یکشنبه گذشته، ۲۳ تن کشته شدند. سرعت باد این توفان، ۲۷۰ کیلومتر بر ساعت گزارش شد. رئیس جمهوری آمریکا پیش از ترک کاخ سفید گفت در جریان این سفر با فرماندار آلاباما دیدار کرده و همچنین از خدمات نیروهای امدادرسانی تقدیر خواهد کرد. 曾在1960年代大获成功的互扣式G标志是品牌的象征之一,源自品牌创始人名表网o 名表网的姓名首字母,自此之后便以各种形式和风格不断出现。这款银质手表面经织纹工艺处理,装饰其间的猫科动物头像出自古驰花园。 部分城市支持当日
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He said that before the Second World War the common law had been in a period of quiescence but after it she had awoken from her slumbers and entered upon renewed creativity. He acknowledged the vast debt owed to Denning for his deep learning, powerful legal intellect and pungent English style. They would miss his passion for justice, his independence and quality of thought, his liberal mind, his geniality and unfailing courtesy to colleagues, to counsel and to litigants in person. In retirement Denning said that he did not want to be idle. He was glad to be free to take part in political controversy which he could not do as a judge. He wanted to help with legislation in the House of Lords, particularly on social questions and law reform. Up to the spring of 1988 he spoke regularly in debates in the House of Lords on subjects that interested him. He was never long out of the news and frequently spoke on the radio and appeared on television. He took a great interest in affairs in Hampshire, particularly on rights of way and village schools. In his 92nd year some unwise remarks to The Spectator caused controversy, when A.N. Wilson reported Denning's opinion that, if the death penalty had been in force when the Guildford Four were convicted, "they'd have probably hanged the right men", and that if the Birmingham Six had been hanged, "we shouldn't have all these campaigns to get them released". He said later that he had been quoted out of context. Denning had a mild and unassuming manner and always retained his Hampshire burr. His outstanding characteristic was speed. He talked and moved quickly, took the point quickly and was a very quick worker. Many remarked what a tiger for work he was. He had a retentive memory and a good sense of humour, and was courteous to everyone. He loved his home and library at "The Lawn", Whitchurch, and was particularly fond of his trees. Above all he was devoted to his wife and family and to the pleasures of family life. He was twice married, first to Mary Harvey, who died in 1941 leaving him with a son, Robert, aged three years at that time. Robert later became a Fellow of Denning's old Oxford college, Magdalen. In 1945 Denning married Joan Stuart, who had two daughters and a son. She died in 1992. Alfred Thompson Denning, judge: born Whitchurch, Hampshire 23 January 1899; called to the Bar, Lincoln's Inn 1923; KC 1938; Kt 1944; Judge of the High Court of Justice 1944-48; PC 1948; a Lord Justice of Appeal 1948- 57; created 1957 Baron Denning; a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary 1957-62; Master of the Rolls 1962-82; Chairman, Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts 1962-82; OM 1997; married 1932 Mary Harvey (died 1941; one son), 1945 Joan Stuart (nee Elliott Taylor, died 1992; one stepson, two stepdaughters); died Winchester, Hampshire 5 March 1999.Reuse content مشتریان شادتر با شما باقی می مانند، به شما پول بیشتری می دهند و استفاده از خدمات شما را به دیگران نیز توصیه می کنند. این استراتژی های SMS کسب و کار که در ادامه با هم مرور می کنیم، برای ایجاد مشتریان شادتر طراحی شده اند. چند عامل کلیدی وجود دارد که تجربیات مشتری را ایجاد می کند. شما چه چیزهایی از آنها می دانید؟ آیا آنها ارتباطی با محصولات و خدمات شما دارند؟ 随机博(stochastic game)在博论中是一类由一个或多个参与者所进行的、具有状态概率转移的动态博,由劳埃德·夏普利(Lloyd Shapley)於20世纪50年代初期提出。[1] 这类博由一系列阶段组成。在博中每一阶段的起始,博处於某种特定状态。每一参与者选择某种行动,然後会获得取决於当前状态和所选择行动的收益。之後,博发展到下一阶段,处於一个新的随机状态,这一随机状态的分布取决於先前状态和各位参与者选择的行动。在新状态中重复上述过程,然後博继续进行有限或无限个数的阶段。一个参与者得到的总收益常用各阶段收益的贴现和,或是各阶段收益平均值的下极限来计算。 数学描述[编辑] 随机博的组成部分有:有限参与者集 ;状态空间 (可以是有限集,也可以是可测空间);对於每一参与者,存在行动集(可以是有限集,也可以是可测空间); 是到 的转移概率,其中是行动组合,是下一状态处於 中的概率,而 给定了当前状态 和当前行动组合 ;从到的收益函数,其中 的第 个坐标是参与者 的收益,而 是状态 和行动组合 的函数。 博以某个初始状态 开始。在阶段 中,参与者最先观测到 ,同时选择行动,然後观测到行动组合,然後以概率自然选择 。一次随机博定义了一个收益流,其中 。 下面给出随机博的一个例子: 当前有任意个装着球的桶,每个桶中球的数目也是任意的,两位参与者轮流从中取出球,且需要遵守如下规则: - 每一步应至少取出一只球,且只能从某一桶中取走部分或全部球; - 谁取到最后一只球,谁就获胜。 重要结论[编辑] 贴现因子为()的贴现博 中,参与者 的收益是 。 阶段博中,参与者 的收益是 。 若存在有限多个状态和行动的二人零和博(各自是)的值为(各自是),则 在 趋於无穷时收到一个极限,且在趋於时收到相同的极限。这一结论已被杜鲁门·利(Truman Bewley)和艾朗·克尔伯格(Elon Kohlberg)於1976年证明。[2] 非贴现博中,参与者 的收益是各阶段收益平均值的极限。在定义二人零和博的值与非零和博的均衡收益之前需要注意一些事情:若对於每一都有正整数 、参与者1的策略和参与者2的策略,二人零和随机博的一致值(uniform value)存在,这样对於每一、和每一,博中由和定义的概率的期望至少为,由和定义的概率的期望至多为。让·弗朗索瓦·梅顿斯(Jean Francois Mertens)和亚伯拉罕·奈曼(Abraham Neyman)於1981年证明二人零和随机博具有一致值。[3] 若参与者数量有限且行动集和状态集有限,则有限阶段随机博总有纳什均衡,对於总收益是贴现和的无限多阶段随机博也是如此。尼古拉斯·维勒(Nicolas Vieille)已经证明当总收益是各阶段收益平均值的下极限时,所有具有有限状态和行动空间的二人随机博都有近似纳什均衡。不过,当参与者多於2名时,随机博是否存在这类均衡仍是一个极具挑战性的开放性问题。[4] 随机博在经济学、演化生物学和计算机网络中都有应用。[5]事实上,随机博是重复博这类每一阶段都处於相同状态的博的一般化形式。 有关随机博的最全面的参考书籍是奈曼和索林编著的文集。[2]菲拉尔和乌瑞兹所著的书籍更为基础,书中提供了马尔可夫决策过程(MDP)和二人随机博理论的严密的统一处理方法。[6]他们创造了Competitive MDPs这一术语来概括一人和二人随机博。 参考文献[编辑] 一般參考[编辑] |Mesafe |81 km |Ortalama tren bileti fiyatı |601 (€18) |Tren sefer sıklığı |Günde 25 |Doğrudan tren |Evet, günde 24 doğrudan tren var |Tren şirketleri |Sprinter veya PKP Intercity Utrecht şehrinden Zwolle şehrine giden trenler, 81 km uzunluğundaki rota boyunca yol alırlar ortalama 57 dakika sürede Sprinter veya PKP Intercity gibi seyahat ortaklarımızla. Normalde, günde 25 tren var. Bu yolculuk için en ucuz tren biletleri, 601 (€18) seviyesinden başlayan fiyatlarla satın alınabilir ancak tren biletleri için ortalama fiyat 601 (€18) seviyesindedir. Yolcular en sıklıkla Utrecht Centraal noktasından hareket ediyor ve Zwolle noktasına varıyor. Utrecht şehrinden ayrılırken, gibi seçenekler de dahil olmak üzere, gezi başlangıcı için çeşitli tren istasyonu seçenekleriniz var. Zwolle şehrine varırken, yolculuk bitişi için Zwolle ve Zwolle Stadshagen gibi tren istasyonları arasından tercih yapabilirsiniz. Tren yolcularının, biniş için genellikle tercih ettiği yer şehir merkezinden yaklaşık 3.8 km uzaklıkta olan Utrecht Centraal. Tren yolcularının iniş için tercih ettiği yer ise şehir merkezinden yaklaşık 3.1 km uzaklıktaki Zwolle. İhtiyaç duyduğunuz bilgiyi sağlayabilecek diğer kaynaklar: صفحه نخست » فرهنگ و سینما » نویسنده «گلادیاتور» فلمنامه زندگی «مایکل جکسون» را مینویسد گراهام کینگ تهیهکننده فلم برنده اسکار «حماسه کولی»، زندگی «مایکل جکسون» را به تصویر میکشد. به نقل از ورایتی، گراهام کینگ تهیه کننده فلم سینمایی «حماسه کولی» با وارثان مایکل جکسون، برای استفاده از داستان زندگی و موسیقیهای این خواننده در یک فلم سینمایی به توافق رسید. کینگ برای فلمنامه این پروژه جان لوگان نویسنده فلمهای سینمایی «گلادیاتور» و «هوانورد» را به خدمت گرفته است. هنوز استودیو و منتشرکنندهای برای این فلم در نظر گرفته نشده است. به گفته منابع مختلف، این فلم سینمایی بر ضد مستند «ترک نورلند» که از سوی شبکه اچ بی او منتشر شده بود، نیست. این مستند در مورد افرادی است که ادعا میکنند در دوران کودکی مورد تعرض مایکل جکسون قرار گرفته اند که البته اتهام آنها رد شد. مستند چهار ساعته «ترک نورلند» در جشنواره فلم ساندس نمایش داده شده بود. سخنگوی گراهام کینگ این پروژه را تایید کرده؛ اما چیزی در مورد اینکه فلمنامه لوگان شامل اتهاماتی است که به مایکل زده شده، نزده است. این فلم تمامی زندگی و حرفه جکسون را پوشش میدهد. جکسون در سال ۲۰۰۹ در سن ۵۰ سالگی درگذشت. در واکنش به مستند «ترک نورلند» که جایزه مستند جشنواره امی را دریافت کرده بود، خانواده جکسون از شرکت اچ بی او شکایت کردند و معتقد بودند، از پول برای دروغ گویی در این مستند استفاده شده است! آنها همچنین به پخش فلم یکی از کنسرتهای جکسون، واکنش نشان دادند. The history of German unification is told differently in eastern and western Germany. This is readily evident in our new study. For people in the country’s eastern states, the societal changes are closely linked to often-dramatic biographical upheavals. By contrast, people in the West often lack a personal connection to reunification. “German unification in the East is the history of the Peaceful Revolution and the Monday demonstrations, which ultimately brought about the Wende. The history in the West instead focuses on the collapse of the GDR due to its economic and political failings, which led inevitably to reunification,” says Kai Unzicker, our expert on social cohesion. The study took the form of an initial round of in-depth interviews and focus-group discussions, with the results afterward verified in a representative online survey of 1,581 people. Around 90 percent of the respondents in both eastern and western Germany said that reunification has had a great or very great influence on the country over the last 30 years. Its level of perceived relevance is thus slightly higher than that of either the current coronavirus crisis or the so-called refugee crisis of 2015. It is striking in this regard that 74 percent of people in eastern Germany assess the impact of unification on their own life as having been great or very great, a considerably higher share than the 61 percent of western Germans who say the same. “In the life of western Germans, the issue of whether someone comes from the East or the West plays only a minor role. For eastern Germans, by contrast, origin remains a significantly more determinative aspect of personal identity, even today,” Unzicker said. For example, among people in eastern Germany, there is still a strong feeling that many things that had functioned well under the GDR were lost in the course of reunification. A total of 84 percent of this population still holds this opinion. “Respondents in the East often feel that there was not a new common society created at that time. Rather, they see the western German system as having been imposed upon them through unification and feel that they were forced to adapt to it,” says Jana Faus of the Berlin-based agency, Pollytix Strategic Research, which carried out the study on behalf of the Bertelsmann Stiftung. A total of 85 percent of eastern Germans older than 55 think they deserve more recognition for the Peaceful Revolution. Conversely, older western Germans say they should receive greater recognition for having financed reunification. The perception of fairness plays a major role in these feelings. Among the eastern German respondents, 83 percent say they were unfairly treated following reunification. In addition, around 60 percent of them say they are regarded as second-class citizens, while only 21 percent of western Germans say this of the eastern Germans. In addition to looking at the differences between the East and West, the study also examined the perspectives of people with a migration background regarding today’s Germany and the process of unification. More than half of this group (54 percent) said that reunification has had a great or very great influence on their own life. At the same time, the share of those in this population group that say they are treated as second-class citizens is relatively high, at 60 percent. The qualitative interviews also showed that many people with a migration background have had the experience of not being recognized equally as Germans – even when they are convinced that they have fulfilled all the requirements of the majority society. The authors of the study conclude that the process of unification is not yet complete, even 30 years after the reunification of the two German states. However, while there remain clearly discernable differences in the attitudes of people in the East and West, and among those with and without a migration background, there are also many unifying elements: “Language, history, a strong work ethic and solidarity are – to simplify somewhat – the four elements that constitute the core of Germanness today for all of the participants in our study,” says Faus, a co-author of the study. It is also evident that the distinction between “East” and “West” is losing significance over the course of time, and with the shift in generations. TV documentary on the study According to the authors, both the processes of German unification and of immigration have to date been dominated by demands for adaptation. They say that it is thus important to make more of the opportunity to engage everyone in reshaping and developing a broader sense of community across Germany. “In the coming years in Germany, we should work to develop a future-oriented vision that allows everyone to contribute something and which values the experiences and biographies of every part of the population,” Unzicker concluded. The qualitative portion of the study was accompanied by a television production team. The result is the documentary program, “We 80 million. What unites us as Germans,” which was broadcast on September 9, 2020 at 20:15 on 3sat and is now available on the station’s online media library. خبرگزاری علم و فناوری گزارش می دهد؛ طبق تبصره ای که در سال ۹۵ در کشور تصویب شد مراکز و بخش های خصوصی قادر به راه اندازی دانشکده های خصوصی در مناطق محروم به منظور رفع نیازهای این مناطق می باشند اما با گذشت دو سال این تبصره به دلیل فشارهای وارده در حال فراموشی است. Translated into Idonesian languages Your girlfriend lives there, far away, she is waiting for you ... Here for her: Poems in her Indonesian language: Balinese, Javanese, Manado malay and Sasak Translations in the languages of Indonesia! Some of these writings are really wonderful! Real audio voices: acehnese, bangka, banjar, batak, dawanese, indonesian among others! French love poem History of Indonesia A small ancient history of Indonesia: There is a human presence on the island of Java for a very long time, the human fossils discovered in the Pleistocene of Java proofs it. There is also an important development in the Neolithic and then later it will be the pre-eminence of the important Dong Son civilization. Its Hinduism (4th-5th) is attested by the Javanese legend of Aji Saka and the discovery of images of Buddha and inscriptions. The first Hindu monuments are the sivaites sanctuaries of the plateau of Dieng. A real state appears in 732 with King Sanjaya. First divided into small kingdoms, Indonesia sees in the 7th century, the predominance of the Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya (crivijaya), a thalassocracy which, centered in South Sumatra, extends perhaps as far as Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and Cambodia, in any case reigns in Java until the Malay peninsula. In the 9th century, dominates the Sailendra dynasty, which left many monuments in the center of the island (Barabudur). The kings of the eastern part of Java quickly dispute supremacy in Srivijaya, especially King Airlanga (1019-1049). After his death the kingdom of Singasari is formed in eastern Java, whose last ruler, Ketanagara (1268-1292), looks for conquer the south of Sumatra. But by his hostility towards China, he encourages Emperor Mongol Kubilay to send an expedition (1292), which arrives in Indonesia after the death of the sovereign. Finally, the son-in-law of the deceased, Raden Vijaya, drives out the Mongols, founding the maritime empire of Majapahi
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百万元来粤鼓铸银元,并发中央纸币转换粤币”“此为维持广东纸币政策”,以求从根本上彻底解决“广纸”值问题。广东治安不靖及纸币低折两事,是久令广东商家困扰与头疼的问题,商民切望能得根本解决。梁士当时信誓旦旦的话语,正中商界下怀,具有颇大的鼓动和吸引力,令广东商界对北京充满了信任感和幻想。广东“二次革命”前夕广州总商会通电拥袁,这不能不说是梁氏此行拉诱骗商界的结果。 由上述可知,梁士在广东期间从军队、政界与民心几个方面瓦解了广东民主革命派的力量,他为粤省后来讨袁的“二次革命”的迅速失败,种下了祸因。 提出治理广东的建议 梁士这次回到广东,作为一个广东人尚有关心桑建设的一面。他在与都督胡汉民、财政厅长仲等面商“整顿粤省之策”时,分析了广东所面临的问题,及治理它的难点所在,并对整治一些手问题提出了积极的建议。梁在谈到对广东现状颇感满意之时,又指出粤省当时面对的三大难题是:“粤政最要在、裁兵两问题”,还有“维持纸币也尤关重要”。他认为造成这些问题难办的客观原因是:“一因财政竭乏,二因承前清积习,欲整顿之颇费工夫,三因地方,故难着手”;除此之外,他指出还有其主观因素,这就是“官府求治太急”和“民间望治太急”,一些不如意之感情与事件,则从“彼此相望太急”之中产生了。梁士的这些见解,应该说还比较切合当时广东的实际情况。 梁士对解决上述难题提出了以下的几点建议: (一)在谈到治盗问题时,他指出“广东盗极多”,主因在于“民生”;整治之法,一方面固然应于各乡筹设警政以办靖事宜,另一方面更为重要的还在“尤应注意民生,使人民安居乐业,不致流为盗,此正本清源之策也”。显然,梁士在治盗的问题上,主张标本兼治,以治本为主,治标为辅。这一见解颇为中肯和切合实际。他认为治本之法在关注人民生计,“欲厚民生之法,在于兴办实业”,如发展农业、兴办矿业、推广渔业、林业及改良桑业,兴办铁路与水陆交通事业,开发广州、北海和头等港口以发展对外贸易等。他的这些治本建议颇为可取。 (二)在谈到裁军问题时,他也强调要“从计划生计入手,使不失业”,防止其为流民盗。这一办法虽难度颇大,但它是很有针对性的正确性主张。因当时广东军政府遣散的民军和防营人员等,就是由于生活无着落才又为盗而害地方的。 (三)在谈及维持广东纸币办法时,他向胡、等人建议先查明纸币确数,并“商港、澳两督协助杜伪币侵入”,然后再“向交通银行借三百万,港中华银行借二百万,设广东银行,补救目前”;对此议,“胡、均赞成”。 (四)他还对在州(海南岛)设立行省以固疆守,提出了积极的建议。梁在广州期间多次谈此事,他对胡汉民说:“州一孤悬海岛,非开实难守”,应设立行省,中央愿助广东办理此事;他甚至还认为海南设立行省,则较易实行孙先生的“平均地权”政策,此一旦“有成效,则各处视为模范,不甚善?”当胡告诉他已在海南设立镇守使署以为日后立行省打下基础时,梁即称此举“用意甚善!” 我们从梁士的这些言谈中,可看到他具有一定的爱乡爱国思想,愿意为家乡广东的治理与建设出谋划策。 总之,考察梁士1913年春的广东之行,我们可以发现:他此次返乡名义上是为父亲祝寿,实则负有替袁世凯收拾广东时局的秘密使命。同时我们也看到,梁作为交通系的首领,又有爱国爱乡和关心家乡建设的一面,他希望民初的广东军政府能将振兴实业与政治治理联系起来,并为此热心地出谋划策,以便能将家乡广东建设得更好。政治上守旧与效忠袁氏,经济上关心家乡桑建设,这是梁士1913年春在广东活动的特征。 (作者系中山大学历史系教授) VIDEO - Da fermo, in dribbling, dalla distanza e persino di testa: tutti i gol più belli di Beppe Signori! L'ex capitano della Lazio ha vinto più volte la classifica dei cannonieri. 17.02.2019 10:00 di Gabriele Cantella Da fermo, in dribbling, dalla distanza e persino di testa nonostante la statura non certo da gigante: Beppe Signori sapeva far gol in tutti i modi! Riviviamo le sue reti più belle in questo filmato di repertorio! Raised bed gardening is ever-growing in popularity today, with people all over the world making up fantastic ideas on how to utilize it best, and they show off their impressive results online. But, the concept actually dates all the way back to medieval times. Back then, gardeners used wattle fences to edge the garden beds. Some half a millennia later, in the 18th century, the gardeners of the Parisian market used horse manure. It is said that during these pre-vehicle times, their raised garden beds would go one or even two meters in height. And, the method evolved further until the 1970s, when it took the shape of what it is today. It was then when gardeners began using fine and deep tilth and mount it between paths. Beds were mostly round in shape, which increased the growth area, and the richer soil increased yield. It was clear that this was the future of gardening. Today’s urban gardeners thrive in virtually all environments, and it is all thanks to the modern methods of raised garden beds, raised vegetable beds, and gardening in general. This provides them access to gardening in urban areas, which would otherwise be impossible, but, and more importantly, it provides them to their own yield of fruits, vegetables, and all sorts of plants fully home-grown. While the advantages of raised garden beds are too many to count, here are eight reasons the urban gardeners those keen on a spot of landscape maintenance use them in their gardens: 1. Raised beds help keep out critters Even just for the height gained this way, raised garden beds are less accessible for some critters, especially the wrong kind. Dogs, rabbits, squirrels, voles, groundhogs, and even cats will all be less inclined or permanently disabled by the inaccessible garden bed height (for them). Sure, cats and squirrels can jump, but depending on the position, material you use for your bed, and the height, you may discourage this. 2. Improved Soil Garden beds, by default, allow the urban gardener to use whichever soil he or she wants. So, you can use richer, more nourishing soil than the native. But, the soil itself will also stay in better shape for a longer period, and raised bed gardening provides multiple opportunities for this. 3. Weed & Pest Control are simplified Needless to say, that once you separate the soil from the native, it will be weed-free, or at the very least you will be able to detect and control it with unparalleled ease this way. Having soil separated like this gives you managing capabilities you would rarely get in other gardening methods. Also, you can do your pest control as need be, adapt it to each bed separately, and there will even be fewer pests in general because of the soil separation. 4. Raising your soil means better drainage As mentioned, raised garden beds make soil managing incredibly easier and provide opportunities otherwise impossible. Thus, this method practically removes erosion from the equation, while the soil conserves water and nutrients almost indefinitely by building them up along the slopes and contour lines. And, when the time comes, you can just recycle the soil with little effort and investment. 5. Better for the health of the gardener (no back pains) If utilized at the proper height, garden beds provide ease of access for all gardeners, young and old. The proper height varies depending on the plants you use, the environment, but also your reach. You can adapt them so that you have no trouble working around them. 6. Option to plant raised beds earlier in the season Since you control the soil in virtually all aspects, this helps prolong the planting season. Raised vegetable beds, for instance, can be utilized even in the winter to grow some veggies out of their season. Of course, you will need to control the climate and other conditions successfully, but it is doable. The prolonged planting season goes for both earlier and later than usual. One can imagine what leverage this would give if you are, for example, selling your fruits and vegetables in the market. You could offer fresh, home-grown, organic greens in any season. 7. They are the best option for beginners And, since there are so many aspects you control, there are fewer unexpected things you need to worry about. With raised garden beds, the urban gardener’s work has been simplified and made easier by a huge margin, meaning that it is accessible for more people, even without prior experience. 8. They can be temporary Setting up garden beds is easy, and it can provide plenty of aesthetic opportunities to turn your yard or home into a real Garden of Eden. But, if need be, you can also take it all down and move with no fuss. Depending on what materials and building methods you use, sometimes you can just move them together with the plants still in the soil. Raised garden beds are the future of gardening, and they have been so for a long time. This method simply cuts through so many usual obstacles, that it has proven to be invaluable for the urban gardener of the modern civilization. With cities overcrowding, climate change, overpopulation, and pollution, garden beds may still play an even more important part of our society’s future. Engelbert Perez Reveals How He Overcame Complacency to Become One of the Brightest Young Entrepreneurs Dr. Dabf A Mondesir Spreads the Message of the Kingdom of God Through New Generation International Ministry Apostle Dr. Dabf A. Mondesir Expands the Influence of God’s Kingdom and Promotes Universal Positive Impact Business4 weeks ago Brandon Manitoba Hits Jackpot With Cormier Media Leadership4 weeks ago Never Go Broke Promotes Financial Literacy Education Among the Youth Through Creative Means Leadership4 weeks ago Karine Sho-Time Thornton Establishes Himself as a Massive Force in the Music and Film Industry Entrepreneurs2 weeks ago Maurice Griffin’s “Love Peace Happiness” Is the International Anthem of Hope to Face Global Crises Business3 weeks ago Creating Favors Helps Independent Comic Publishers Thrive on Digital Platforms Entrepreneurs2 weeks ago Optimizing Athletic Capability: How Keondra Mallard Does It Entrepreneurs4 weeks ago Blu3ch3w is a Rising Hip-Hop Artist Aspiring to Touch Millions of Lives Business1 week ago Jason Ditkofsky Encourages Small Businesses in his Community, One Sign at a Time. سید جاسم موسوی اصل، مدیر آموزش و پرورش ناحیه 1 اهواز در گفتگو با خبرنگار گروه استان های باشگاه خبرنگاران جوان از اهواز، گفت: 4 هزار و 678 نمون برگ هدایت تحصیلی دانش آموزان پایه نهم از امروز 24 تیر ماه 97 در سامانه بارگزاری و آماده چاپ جهت ارائه به دانش آموزان به منظور انتخاب رشته تحصیلی و ثبت نام در پایه ی دهم مدارس منطقه آغاز شد. وی افزود: جهت تسریع در امر راهنمایی و ارشاد دانش آموزان و والدین آنان مشاوران منطقه به مدت 2 هفته ی مستمر در مدارس مستقر می باشند و مشاوران منطقه از امروز 23 تیر ماه 97 در روزهای شنبه، دوشنبه و چهارشنبه به مدت 2 هفته در مدارس کار هدایت دانش آموزان و نحوه ی صدور هدایت تحصیلی آنان را مشایعت می کنند. موسوی اصل بیان داشت: از آمار کل نمون برگ هدایت تحصیلی 4 هزار و 678 دانش آموز پایه نهم در مدارس ناحیه 1 اهواز صادر شده اند که از این تعداد حدود 2 هزار و 436 دانش آموز پسر و 2 هزار و 242 دانش آموز دخنر را شامل می شوند. مدیر آموزش و پرورش ناحیه 1 اهواز عنوان کرد: اولویت های این فرم شامل اولویت "الف"، "ب" و"ج" می باشند که دانش آموزانی می توانند در رشته های علوم تجربی و انسانی شرکت کنند که این سه اولویت را کسب نمایند و برای دانش آموزان متقاضی در رشته های فنی و حرفه ای در صورت کسب امتیاز اولویت "الف" و "ب" امکان ثبت نام وجود دارد. وی افزود: رشته های شاخه ی کاردانش، ریاضی فیزیک و معارف اسلامی فقط دارای اولویت "الف" می باشند که کسب حد نصاب برای ثبت نام کافی است و شرایط دیگر لحاظ نمی شود ولی رشته های که به غیر از اولویت "الف "دیگر اولویت ها را دارند با برنامه ی زمان بندی روبرو هستند. بنابراین ابتدا باید اولویت "الف" در هفته ی اول ثبت نام کند سپس نوبت به اولویت "ب" و همین طور اولویت "ج" خواهد رسید. موسوی اصل در پایان گفت: علامت مندرج خط تیره (-) در نمون برگ هدایت تحصیلی دانش آموزان به معنای عدم یک رشته ی تحصیلی در ناحیه / منطقه و علامت هاشور(#) به معنای کسب نکردن کف نمره توسط دانش آموز در یک رشته ی تحصیلی است. انتهای پیام/م گفت و گوی رئیسان ستاد کل نیروهای مسلح ایران و روسیه/ تشدید عملیات علیه تروریست ها رئیسان ستاد کل نیروهای مسلح ایران و روسیه با محکوم کردن حمله موشکی آمریکا به سوریه تاکید کردند: عملیات علیه تروریست ها تشدید خواهد شد. آمریکا بامداد جمعه به بهانه حمله شیمیایی مشکوک سهشنبه گذشته به استان ادلب سوریه، 59 فروند موشک از روی دو ناو جنگی خود در دریای مدیرانه به پایگاه هوایی "الشعیرات" در حمص سوریه، شلیک کرد که براثر آن، 9 غیر نظامی سوری از جمله چهار کودک کشته و هفت نفر دیگر زخمی شدند. به گزارش روز شنبه ایرنا؛ سرلشکر «محمدحسین باقری» رئیس ستاد کل نیروهای مسلح ایران و جنرال «والری گراسیموف» رئیس ستاد کل نیروهای مسلح روسیه، در گفت و گویی تلفنی، حمله موشکی آمریکا به سوریه را تجاوز قطعی به یک کشور مستقل دانستند که با برنامه ریزی های قبلی و به منظور کُند کردن روند پیروزی های ارتش سوریه و متحدان آن و تقویت روحیه تروریست ها و حامیان آنها صورت گرفت. روسای ستاد کل نیروهای مسلح ایران و روسیه، با تاکید بر عزم و اراده تهران و مسکو در مقابله با تروریست های تکفیری اعلام کردند: پیشنهاد سوریه برای انجام یک بازرسی و تحقیق میدانی از سوی گروهی بی طرف می تواند حقیقت حادثه هولناک "خان شیخون" ادلب سوریه را برای افکار عمومی جهان روشن کند. سرلشکر باقری و جنرال گراسیموف همچنین بر ادامه همکاری های ایران و روسیه با دولت سوریه تا شکست کامل تروریست ها و حامیان آنها در این کشور تاکید کردند. سرلشکر باقری، انفجار اخیر تروریستی سن پترزبورگ روسیه را نیز به دولت، ملت و نیروی مسلح این کشور تسلیت گفت و برای مردم روسیه آرزوی موفقیت کرد. بر اثر انفجار تروریستی دوشنبه گذشته در ایستگاه متروی سنپترزبورگ روسیه ، 14 نفر کشته و 50 نفر زخمی شدند. کنکاشی در بازدارنده ها و پیشران های نگارش خلاصه همگان فهم(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم) هدف : «خلاصه همگان فهم» از روش هایی است که در دو دهه گذشته به عنوان یکی از ابزارهای ترویج علم و آگاه کردن عامه مردم از نتایج پژوهش های علمی در کانون توجه بوده است. با این حال، شمار این خلاصه ها هنوز بسیار نیست و هنوز روشن نیست که پژوهشگران در عمل چرا تمایلی به نگارش این خلاصه ها ندارند و چه پیشران هایی می تواند آن ها را به این سمت وسو بکشاند. این مقاله به دنبال آگاهی از کلیدی ترین بازدارنده ها و پیشران های نگارش خلاصه همگان فهم است. روش : این پژوهش با یاری روش «مرور نظام مند» به دنبال آگاهی از پیشران ها و بازدارنده های نگارش چنین خلاصه هایی است. پس از بازیابی نزدیک به 2900 رکورد از پایگاه های اطلاعاتی ایرانی و جهانی، 56 اثر از آن ها در پیوند با موضوع این پژوهش شناسایی و تحلیل شدند. یافته ها : یافته ها نشان دادند که در مجموع 19 پیشران و 17 بازدارنده در نگارش خلاصه همگان فهم نقش دارند. «افزایش آگاهی همگان» کلیدی ترین دلیل پژوهشگران برای نگارش این گونه خلاصه ها است و «کمبود زمان» پرتکرارترین بازدارنده ای است که در این زمینه می توان به آن اشاره کرد. نتیجه گیری : برخی از پیشران ها و بازدارنده ها در پیوند با خود پژوهش هستند و برخی دیگر در پیوند با پژوهشگر، نهادها و جامعه. گمان می رود نتایج این پژوهش بتوانند به سیاستگذاران آموزش عالی و پشتیبانان مالی و معنوی پژوهش یاری رسانند تا راهکارهایی برای افزایش نگارش این خلاصه ها طراحی کنند. 应用关注这款应用可以在应用于Play商店上在获得更新时发送提醒,即便你并没有安装这款应用。 + (使用分享功能)将Play商店的应用添加至关注列表内+ 手动和自动更新+ 自定义快捷方式来查看应用的新功能和更改记录+ 分享应用+ 更新通知+ 备份至Google Drive+ 按已安装/未安装过滤 Island of hell, scenery of shipwrecks and drama. Bjørnøya (Bear Island) is a small remote island in the Barents Sea, within the Arctic circle, 450 km north of
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联邦共和国。因为,“只有巴尔干各国的民主力量取得胜利后,各民族之间才有可能创立牢固的联邦共和国,组成南部斯拉夫联邦或多河联邦”。[15] 由于对未来联合国家的制度安排与机构设置缺乏深入的探讨,各自方案具有较强的本民族主义色彩,加上大国包括衰落中的奥斯曼帝国均不希望出现一个强大的联合国家出现[16],巴尔干各国革命民主主义者提出的诸多关于巴尔干联合的思想都未能得到实现。但是,它们对于推动巴尔干各民族争取解放与独立以及促进各民族的和解与合作的积极作用是不言而喻的。 二、社会主义者的巴尔干联合主张:1878-1924年 19世纪70—80年代,马克思主义开始从西欧向东欧传播,巴尔干社会主义运动渐渐兴起,一批社会主义团体和组织相继建立。进入19世纪90年代,社会民主主义政党在巴尔干地区纷纷建立。[17] 社会民主党人从政党组织和社会主义运动的角度出发提出巴尔干联合的主张,此前由革命者个人层面的呼吁在向政党层面的组织化运动转移。不过,由于巴尔干地区的工业化水平较低,文化教育事业落后,君主专制势力强大,所以社会民主主义政党的群众基础仍比较薄弱。就政党组织力量而言,保加利亚和塞尔维亚较为强大,罗马尼亚次之,希和土耳其则比较弱小。所以,保加利亚和塞尔维亚两个国家的社会民主主义政党及其领导者在推动巴尔干工人运动以及促进巴尔干联合中发挥了主导作用。 首先要提到的是被誉为保加利亚“马克思主义之父”的季米特·布拉戈耶夫(Dimitar Blagoev)。从俄国留学回来后,布拉戈耶夫积极在保加利亚宣传社会主义理念,推动创建保加利亚社会民主党。重要的是,他在组织社会主义运动的同时,对如何解决巴尔干民族问题,尤其是马其顿问题进行了思索,并在此基础上提出建立巴尔干联邦的主张。1885年,布拉戈耶夫发表《巴尔干联邦与马其顿》一文,重申保加利亚革命民主主义者曾经提出的巴尔干联邦思想,认为这是巴尔干所有被压迫民族摆脱土耳其封建制度和巴尔干各国资产阶级专制统治的正确途径[18],反对欧洲大国利用巴尔干的复杂局势推行的扩张主义政策。 布拉戈耶夫在巴尔干其他地区甚至第二国际[19]内部都有着广泛的影响,其巴尔干联邦思想也得到了响应或呼应。[20] 1909年12月,他和塞尔维亚社会民主党领导人德米特里·杜采维奇(Dimitrije Tucović)共同推动巴尔干社会民主党代表会议在贝尔格莱德召开。两人在发言中均强调建立巴尔干联邦共和国是解决欧洲东南部民族问题的一条道路。杜采维奇在随后撰写的《塞尔维亚与阿尔巴尼亚:对塞尔维亚资产阶级扩张政策的批判》一书中还详细述了关于“在充分民主和平等的基础上成立巴尔干各国人民的联邦共和国作为解决巴尔干民族问题的一可能的一种形式”[21]的理念。在其他地方,巴尔干联邦的支持者亦不乏其人,斯洛文尼亚社会民主党人伊万·仓卡尔(Ivan Cankar)就是其中一位。他反对战争,反对领土扩张主义,主张在巴尔干地区建立一个联邦,各个民族在联邦中保持文化上的特殊性。[22] 在布拉戈耶夫和杜采维奇等人的推动下,1910年1月,第一届巴尔干社会民主党代表大会在贝尔格莱德举行,正式讨论了建立一个巴尔干联邦的问题,提出这个拟建立的联邦将是一个“民主的共和国”。[23] 1911年10月,巴尔干社会民主党临时会议在贝尔格莱德举行,决定召集整个巴尔干半岛的群众性反战大会,向各国政府施压,获取民众对其主张的支持,建立一个包括土耳其在内的巴尔干联邦共和国和实现巴尔干国家的民主化。[24] 这些活动和主张得到了社会党国际的响应。1912年11月,第一次巴尔干战争爆发后不久,社会党国际局执行委员会在巴塞尔召开非常代表大会,责战争和屠杀,通过的《巴塞尔宣言》强调建立一个包括土耳其在内的巴尔干国家联盟来解决巴尔干各方面的问题。 遗憾的是,两次巴尔干战争不仅没有使这些主张得以实践,相反加剧了地区局势的恶化。随之而来的一战加速了社会主义运动的分化,加深了不同派别之间的矛盾,共产党人逐渐取代社会民主党人成为巴尔干联合的主要推动者。与社会民主党人强调和平、民主的方式不同,共产党人强调无产阶级的暴力革命是解决巴尔干问题的根本途径,主张以劳动人民的大团结作为巴尔干联合的基础。具体是,通过无产阶级革命和专政使巴尔干各民族从各种压迫中解放出来,最终联合成一个巴尔干苏维埃社会主义联邦共和国。 1919年5月,保加利亚共产党在成立大会上通过的纲领中指出,其目标是建立一个保加利亚社会主义苏维埃国家,与邻国保持友好同盟,最终建立一个巴尔干社会主义联邦苏维埃共和国。[25] 南斯拉夫共产党人也提出,经济问题以及少数民族遭受的压制不能通过联邦化来解决,而要通过阶级斗争和革命来解决,最终建立一个苏维埃国家和巴尔干共产主义联邦。[26] 1920年,南共二大通过的纲领明确提出,建立“南斯拉夫苏维埃共和国,这个南斯拉夫苏维埃共和国将加入巴尔干苏维埃联邦,最终将加入世界共产主义联盟” [27]。 新生的共产党组织力量尚未壮大,经历短暂的发展后便大多遭到不同程度的打压。但是,这并“不意味着社会主义联邦的思想已经消亡,它还存在于共产国际活动家们的头脑中”[28]。除了加入共产国际之外,巴尔干各国共产党在1920年还成立了自己的联合组织——巴尔干共产主义联盟,后者承担着共产国际巴尔干支部的使命。 1924年,巴尔干共产主义联盟出版了两大机关刊物《巴尔干联盟》和《巴尔干联盟公报》,作为巴尔干各国共产党开展工人运动和宣扬巴尔干联邦理念的共同组织和阵地。巴尔干共产主义联盟提出建立巴尔干联邦的口号得到共产国际的赞赏。共产国际还指出,巴尔干联邦应该扩大,包括多河沿岸国家,组成一个巴尔干—多河联邦制的苏维埃社会主义共和国。[29] 然而,这个巴尔干联邦的主张较为模糊,甚至在较长一段时间内都“未提出解决民族的具体方案,也没有说明巴尔干联邦将包括哪些,而对那些尚未获得独立或自治地位地区的民族问题更不知道如何去解决”[30]。 随着巴尔干各国共产党遭受压制转入地下,该联盟的影响也日益式微。1924年,联盟总部迁往莫斯科,此后活动逐渐减少,30年代初解散。这样,关于巴尔干苏维埃联邦的主张也不可避免地沉寂下去了。 三、“二轨活动家”倡议的巴尔干联盟运动:1929-1934年 两次世界大战期间的“强制和平”,,使欧洲国家间的交往方式发生了改变,也为巴尔干国家开展联合运动提供了新的基础。继共产党人倡导以革命和无产阶级专政的方式实现巴尔干联邦的主张失败后,在20世纪20年代末和30年代前期,一场非暴力的并具“二轨外交”性质的巴尔干联盟运动兴起。 1929年初,为纪念独立战争爆发一百周年,希成立了一个“百年庆典委员会”。在庆典会举行仪式上,希前总理亚历山大·帕帕拉斯塔西奥(Alexander Papanastassiou)向委员会提交了一份致力于推动巴尔干各民族和解的建议:在雅典召开巴尔干议会会议,推动成立某种半官方或民间的组织来实现巴尔干各民族的和解。[31] 遗憾的是,该建议并未被接受。于是,帕帕拉斯塔西奥转而向数个国际组织发出倡议,试图通过借助其他平台来实现其主张。直到该年10月,他的建议才被国际和平局[32](International Peace Bureau)所采纳。 10月6—10日,由国际和平局组织的第27届世界和平大会在雅典召开。经过各方妥协与协商,大会最终决定每年召开一届非官方的巴尔干会议,以推进巴尔干各民族的亲密关系与合作,最终建立巴尔干联盟。巴尔干会议是一个半官方的组织,参加者主要是教育人员、教会工作者、新闻记者、作家、政治家、商人以及议员,会议机构由全体大会、理事会、大会主席团和六个常设委员会构成,六个常设委员会分别为组织委员会、政治关系委员会、文化合作委员会、经济关系委员会、通信委员会以及社会政策委员会。从1930年10月到1934年4月,巴尔干会议先后在雅典、伊斯坦布尔、布加勒斯特和萨洛尼卡召开了四届,同时召开了十次理事会会议。[33] 此后,巴尔干会议无限期推迟,以巴尔干会议为主要形式的巴尔干联盟运动宣告终结。 巴尔干会议取得的实质成果可圈可点。巴尔干会议不仅通过了许多协定和公约,一些合作机构以及局部国家参与的合作组织业已建成。巴尔干会议在经济、社会、文化甚至政治等领域达成和签订了多项协定,如布加勒斯特会议上通过了巴尔干居民地位协议草案和巴尔干协定草案、萨洛尼卡会议上通过了成立局部国家参加的巴尔干关税同盟计划等。此外,继1931年巴尔干旅游者联合会组织成立后,巴尔干新闻协会、巴尔干邮政联盟、巴尔干医疗联盟、巴尔干工商会、巴尔干法学家常设委员会、东方烟草局、巴尔干合作局以及巴尔干劳工局等机构或组织成立并开始运转。这些机构和组织的成立对于推动巴尔干各国之间的交流与合作具有重要意义。甚至有的机构到今天还存在,如巴尔干医疗联盟,其成员不仅包括巴尔干国家,还扩大到了塞浦路斯和摩尔多瓦。[34] 因此,就对巴尔干国家的影响来讲,巴尔干会议的积极意义非常明显。虽然是半官方性的,巴尔干会议通过的协定不对各国政府当局产生任何约束力,甚至规定它“拟建立的联盟也不会影响独立国家的主权性质”[35],但是,巴尔干各国政府对巴尔干会议还是给予了较大的关注。在巴尔干会议上,各国代表团的组成与选派不仅得到了政府当局的同意,甚至其成员中还包括一些官员和议员。巴尔干各国派驻会议举办国的外交代表在每届会议中都作为观察员出席。此外,每届会议还邀请各国领导人担任名誉主席,会议举办国的国家领导人参加开幕大会并致辞。更为重要的是,巴尔干会议的开展还在一定程度上改善了巴尔干国家间的关系。比如,1930年雅典会议后希和土耳其实现和解,1931年伊斯坦布尔会议后土耳其和阿尔巴尼亚外交关系恢复,1933年秋天一系列的君主与政治家们的官方互访及其带来了南斯拉夫和保加利亚关系的缓和、南斯拉夫和阿尔巴尼亚关系的改善。 从整个巴尔干联合运动史来说,无论在实践主体还是在实现手段等方面,巴尔干会议都完全区别于以往的联合实践和计划。由巴尔干会议构成的联盟运动在巴尔干历史上第一次包含了所有巴尔干国家,会议的倡导者与践行者多半是知识分子和政治家,他们推动巴尔干联合的方式是通过教育和宣传来影响民众,通过劝说和建议来影响政府,而不是主张进行根本的社会变革或推行激进的民众运动。在一定程度上讲,这种具有“二轨外交”性质的会议是巴尔干人在历史上首次通过自己的意志解决巴尔干问题的尝试。然而,由于巴尔干各国固有的矛盾与争端、各国政府的非民主化以及欧洲和平体系的脆弱并逐步走向崩,这种尝试很快就走向了失败。 四、共产党人掌权前后的巴尔干联合实践:1944-1948年 二战开始后,巴尔干一些国家的流亡政府提出了巴尔干联合的主张,但影响不大。[36] 特别是随着流亡政府势力的式微,这些主张也失去了支撑。同时,巴尔干共产党在组织反法西斯战争中力量壮大,在逐渐获得国家政权的同时重新提出了巴尔干联邦的设想。 当南斯拉夫共产党和保加利亚共产党仍在地下活动、进行抵抗运动时就提出:“盼望在解放后建立南斯拉夫联邦或巴尔干联邦,同时设想这个联邦由铁托或季米特洛夫领导”[37]。作为各国共产党的领导者,铁托和季米特洛夫希望通过建立巴尔干联邦来解决争执已久的马其顿问题。当时,无论从苏联共产党对南斯拉夫和保加利亚两国共产党的指导地位还是英国和苏联制定关于巴尔干百分比的协定来看,有关巴尔干联邦的计划必须得到斯大林和苏联的意见。事实是,苏联希望在其影响和支配下主导巴尔干联邦的建立,维护其在巴尔干地区的利益。斯大林指出:“为了稳定战后的欧洲局势,需要加强斯拉夫世界的团结,建立斯拉夫各民族的平等联盟;首先,使南、保两国结成政治、文化和关税联盟。随着时间的推移,将联盟变成南部斯拉夫联邦。”[38] 南斯拉夫和保加利亚方面同样希望建立保南联邦并将其作为实现巴尔干联邦的第一步。 于是,从1944年秋接到斯大林指示起,南保双方加紧就联邦计划进行协商,两国两党频繁交换文件和派团互访。[39] 仅从1944年11月到1945年1月,南保双方一共拟订了8个南保联邦条约草案。其中,保方3个、南方3个、苏联1个和南、保共同方案1个。[40] 如此多的方案反映出南斯拉夫和保加利亚的意见并不一致。分歧的核心在于保加利亚坚持首先签署友好互助条约,南斯拉夫则希望直接签订联邦条约。苏联介入后采取倾向支持保加利亚的做法,鼓舞和刺激了保加利亚。在随后一段时间里,与保加利亚持续积极推动该计划不同,南斯拉夫则经历了从消极到拒绝同保加利亚进行谈判再到重新投入的反复。 铁托和季米特洛夫在各自国内地位的巩固以及自主政策的显现使得苏联加紧对巴尔干联邦计划的介入。斯大林多次召集南斯拉夫和保加利亚两国领导人商谈。然而,保加利亚在行动和心态上“走得过远”,自信地以为,“当建立这个联邦或邦联的时刻到来的时候,我们这些国家的人民将不会去问帝国主义者,不会理他们的反对,将会在我们本身的利益的原则下,解决这个问题。”[41] 南斯拉夫则在建立巴尔干联邦的形式、速度上越加谨慎,在与保加利亚维持分歧的同时也与苏联越走越远。 1947年马歇尔计划提出和冷战开始后,英美集团加强了在巴尔干问题上的攻势。英国甚至认为不应该再受英苏协议的约束,因为“雅尔塔协定已在更大程度上使早些时候和斯大林达成的关于巴尔干的百分比的协定失去了效力......”[42] 所以,英国密切注视南保联邦计划的进展,特别是在苏联极力推动该计划以作为其加强在巴尔干的存在的一个重要手段后,英美国家的反对声音越来越大。苏联则不断加强对这一地区的控制,不希望南斯拉夫和保加利亚“推行相似的独立外交政策,这既会脱离苏联的控制而与其分庭抗礼,又会引起欧美大国的干预
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他们走;这种老实的奴才是应该抽一顿子的。还有一种人,表面上尽管装出一副如也的样子,骨子里却是为他们自己打算的;看上去好像替主人做事,实际却靠着主人发展自己的势力,等足了油水,就可以知道他所尊敬的其实是他本人;像这种人还有几分头脑;我承认我自己就属于这一类。因为,老兄,正像你是罗德利哥而不是别人一样,我要是做了那摩尔人,我就不会是伊阿古。同样地没有错,虽说我跟随他,其实还是跟随我自己。上天是我的公证人,我这样对他陪着小心,既不是为了忠心,也不是为了义务,只是为了自己的利益,才装出这一副假脸。要是我表面上的恭而敬之的行为会泄露我内心的活动,那么不久我就要出我的心来,让乌们乱了。世人所知道的我,并不是实在的我。 罗德利哥 要是那厚嘴唇的家伙也有这么一手,那可让他交上大运了! 伊阿古 叫起她的父亲来;不要放过他,打断他的兴致,在各处街道上宣布他的罪恶;激怒她的亲族。让他虽然住在气候宜人的地方,也免不了受蚊的滋扰,虽然享受着盛大的欢乐,也免不了受烦恼的缠绕。 罗德利哥 这儿就是她父亲的家;我要高声叫喊。 伊阿古 很好,你起来吧,就像在一座人口众多的城里,因为晚间失慎而起火的时候,人们用那种惊恐的声音呼喊一样。 罗德利哥 喂,喂,勃拉班修!勃拉班修先生,喂! 伊阿古 醒来!喂,喂!勃拉班修!捉!捉!捉!留心你的屋子、你的女儿和你的钱袋!捉!捉! 勃拉班修自上方窗口上。 勃拉班修 大惊小怪地叫什么呀?出了什么事? 罗德利哥 先生,您家里的人没有缺少吗? 伊阿古 您的门都锁上了吗? 勃拉班修 ,你们为什么这样问我? 伊阿古 哼!先生,有人偷了您的东西去啦,还不赶快披上您的袍子!您的心碎了,您的灵魂已经丢掉半个;就在这时候,就在这一刻工夫,一头老黑羊在跟您的白母羊交尾。起来,起来!打钟惊醒那睡的市民,否则魔鬼要让您抱外孙啦。喂,起来! 勃拉班修 什么!你发疯了吗? 罗德利哥 最可敬的老先生,您听得出我的声音吗? 勃拉班修 我听不出;你是谁? 罗德利哥 我的名字是罗德利哥。 勃拉班修 讨厌!我叫你不要在我的门前走动;我已经老老实实、明明白白对你说,我的女儿是不能嫁给你的;现在你吃饱了饭,喝醉了酒,疯疯,不怀好意,又要来扰乱我的安静了。 罗德利哥 先生,先生,先生! 勃拉班修 可是你必须明白,我不是一个好说话的人,要是你惹我发火,凭着我的地位,只要略微拿出一点力量来,你就要叫苦不了。 罗德利哥 好先生,不要生气。 勃拉班修 说什么有没有?这儿是威尼斯;我的屋子不是一座独家的田庄。 罗德利哥 最尊严的勃拉班修,我是一片诚心来通知您。 伊阿古 嘿,先生,您也是那种因为魔鬼叫他敬奉上帝而把上帝丢在一旁的人。您把我们当作了坏人,所以把我们的好心看成了恶意,宁愿让您的女儿给一头黑马骑了,替您生下一些马子马孙,攀一些马亲马。 勃拉班修 你是个什么混账东西,敢这样胡说八道? 伊阿古 先生,我是一个特意来告诉您一个消息的人,您的令媛现在正在跟那摩尔人干那件禽兽一样的勾当。 勃拉班修 你是个混蛋! 伊阿古 您是一位——元老呢。 勃拉班修 你留点儿神吧;罗德利哥,我认识你。 罗德利哥 先生,我愿意负一切责任;可是请您允许我说一句话。要是令媛因为得到您的明智的同意,所以才会在这样更深人静的午夜,身边并没有一个人保护,让一个下的谁都可以雇用的船夫,把她载到一个贪淫的摩尔人的粗野的怀抱里——要是您对于这件事情不但知道,而且默许——照我看来,你至少已经给了她一部分的同意——那么我们的确太放肆、太冒了;可是假如您果真不知道这件事,那么从礼貌上说起来,您可不应该对我们恶声相向。难道我会这样一点不懂规矩,敢来戏像您这样一位年尊的长者吗?我再说一句,要是令媛没有得到您的许可,就把她的责任、美貌、智慧和财产,全部委弃在一个到处为家,漂泊流浪的异邦人的身上,那么她的确已经干下了一件重大的逆行了。您可以立刻去调查一个明白,要是她好好地在她的房间里或是在您的宅子里,那么是我欺骗了您,您可以按照国法惩办我。 勃拉班修 喂,点起火来!给我一支!把我的人全都叫起来!这件事情很像我的恶梦,它的极大的可能性已经重压在我的心头了。喂,拿火来!拿火来!(自上方下。) 伊阿古 再会,我要少陪了;要是我不去,我就要出面跟这摩尔人作对证,那不但不大相宜,而且在我的地位上也很多不便;因为我知道无论他将要因此而受到什么责,政府方面现在还不能就把他免职;塞浦路斯的战事正在进行,情势那么紧急,要不是马上派他前去,他们休想找到第二个人有像他那样的才能,可以担当这一个重任。所以虽然我恨他像恨地狱里的刑罚一样,可是为了事实上的必要,我不得不和他假意周旋,那也不过是表面上的敷衍而已。你等他们出来找人的时候,只要领他们到马人旅馆去,一定可以找到他;我也在那边跟他在一起。再见。(下。) 勃拉班修率众持火自下方上。 勃拉班修 真有这样的祸事!她去了;只有悲哀怨恨伴着我这衰的余年!罗德利哥,你在什么地方看见她的?——啊,不幸的孩子!——你说跟那摩尔人在一起吗?——谁还愿意做一个父亲!——你怎么知道是她?——,想不到她会这样欺骗我!——她对你怎么说?——再拿些来!唤醒我的所有的亲族!——你想他们有没有结婚? 罗德利哥 说老实话,我想他们已经结了婚啦。 勃拉班修 天哪!她怎么出去的?啊,骨肉的叛逆!做父亲的人啊,从此以后,你们千万留心你们女儿的行动,不要信任她们的心思。世上有没有一种引诱青年少女失去操的邪术?罗德利哥,你有没有在书上读到过这一类的事情? 罗德利哥 是的,先生,我的确读到过。 勃拉班修 叫起我的兄弟来!,我后悔不让你了她去!你们快去给我分头找寻!你知道我们可以在什么地方把她和那摩尔人一起捉到? 罗德利哥 我想我可以找到他的踪迹,要是您愿意多派几个得力的人手跟我前去。 勃拉班修 请你带路。我要到每一个人家去搜寻;大部分的人家都在我的势力之下。喂,多带一些武器!叫起几个巡夜的警!去,好罗德利哥,我一定重谢你的辛苦。(同下。) مخالفت ستادکل و مجلس با طرح جدید سربازی معاون حقوقی و امور مجلس ستادکل نیروهای مسلح با بیان اینکه ستادکل نیروهای مسلح اشکالات خود را به این طرح وارد کرده است، اظهار کرد: این طرح دارای مغایرتهای فراوان در تمام مواد با قانون اساسی است و به عبارتی طرح خامی است که قابلیت اجرا ندارد، اما طوری آن را مطرح کردهاند که گویا قانون سربازی، اختیاری شده و تنها ستادکل با آن مخالفت کرده است.وی درباره وضعیت فعلی این طرح نیز اظهار کرد: بنا شد تا طرح دوباره مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و به احترام آقای ابوترابی به کارگروه کمیسیون امنیت ملی مجلس برود تا بازهم مورد بررسی قرار بگیرد، اما درخواست ما این است که نمایندگان محترم مجلس طرحهای اینچنینی خود را حتما قبل از رسانهای کردن با ستادکل نیروهای مسلح در میان بگذارند تا موارد لازم در مورد آنها مورد بررسی قرار بگیرد و از ارائه طرحهای خام و فاقد قابلیت اجرا جلوگیری شود. We’ve talked here in the past about the idea of probiotics for buildings (which is many years in the future, if ever) and pretty much everyone has heard about probiotics for human health (currently an issue of much debate). One of the problems with both buildings and people is the difficulty of testing a hypothesis such as “does adding this particular bacteria affect some measurable outcome?” An interesting study from NOAA, released this January, focuses on oyster aquaculture where the use of probiotics is both tractable to study, and has potentially important commercial applications. While research is still in the early stages, the researchers found that adding a particular bacteria (isolated from adult oysters) to embryos significantly increase their survival rates, presumably through displacement of disease-causing bacteria. Most importantly, this kind of treatment could reduce the need for antibiotics, the use of which is a major issue with most shellfish agriculture. 内容摘要: 关键词: 作者简介: 古代中华文明作为以农业为主要特色的文明,之所以在人类文明发展的历史长河中经久不衰,生生不息,主要归因于中华文明形成过程中炼而成的多元一体民族精神的支撑和驱动。五千年以来,中华民族在漫长的农业生产实践中,逐渐形成了艰苦奋斗、以德治国、重农固本、协和万邦等民族精神。中国传统礼乐文化是塑造上述民族精神的重要途径,其中,耕典礼作为一项具有显著中国文化特色的农耕礼仪,在长期的历史演变过程中逐渐融合了中国传统的重农思想、治国理念与人文精神,释了中华民族精神的基本内涵。 源于远古神话传说 中华传统礼制虽然存在着一定的历史局限性,但不可否认的是,其本身含着丰富的人文主义精华,它在中华文明形成过程中发挥着不可替代的作用。耕典礼作为中华传统礼仪的重要组成部分,源于远古时期的神话传说,有着悠久的历史。在农耕文明萌发之初,炎帝神农目民艰,不辞辛劳,“因天之时,分地之利,制,教民农作”(《白虎通》),为中国早期农业的发展作出了巨大贡献。民众感戴其不畏艰险、开拓创新、天下为公的精神,尊奉其为先农神,创耕之仪,“春始东耕于藉田,官先农”(《续汉书·礼仪志上》),从而将这些精神不断发扬光大。此后,授民时、大治水、耕历山,无不是对上述精神的继承和接续。“天道酬勤”,中国历代帝王举行耕仪式,扶开耕,其目的之一就是通过亲耕感悟开创之艰辛,不忘初心,使其“知稼之艰难”(乾隆《劝农纪典》),表率、号召包括统治阶层在内的全体国民勤于本职,艰苦奋斗,从而推动社会进步、国家发展。 “民生在勤,勤则不”(《左传》宣公十二年)。耕典礼在中国早期文字甲骨文(《观籍》卜辞)、金文(《令鼎》)中都有明确记载,在甲骨文以及后来的文字记述中,“”字另有“藉”“籍”等不同书写方式,后人对此虽然有不同的释,但对于耕典礼所表达的与民同劳共耕的勤劳奋斗精神则毫无疑义。商周时代,耕典礼逐渐完善,立春之日,“天子亲载,置于参乘之衣甲者及御者之间,帅三公、九卿、诸侯、大夫,耕上帝之籍田,天子秉三推,三公五推,卿、诸侯九推”(《日讲礼记解义·月令》)。在反映周人日常生活的《诗经》中,就有大量君民同耕的场面,耕典礼所表达的价值观念为人们所普遍接受。 表达重农爱民思想 耕典礼中含着“以德治国”的政治智慧,中国历代帝王都注重通过耕典礼来塑造其道德形象。耕典礼作为中国传统文化连绵不断的一项符号象征,承载着中华民族的历史记忆,有助于建构文化认同,从而实现政治认同。“稼而有天下”(《论语·宪问》),后人从先贤的政治实践中感悟到耕典礼与治国理政的紧密联系,行“籍礼”被视为修帝德、承天命的必备礼仪。周武王重籍礼,“乃作帝籍,以登上帝天神,名之曰千亩,以克反商,敷政天下”(李学勤主编《清华大学藏战国竹简()》),从而为周的崛起赢得了天命与合法性;周宣王即位,“不籍千亩”(《国语·周语上》),则备受病。 耕典礼含着丰富的政治智慧:“一曰,以奉宗庙,亲致其孝也;二曰,以训于百姓在勤,勤则不也;三曰,闻之子孙,知稼之艰难,无违也”(《后汉书志第四·礼仪上》),以上三则,上神灵、中劝百姓、下子孙,折射出中国耕文化的博大精深。耕典礼为中国历代帝王提供了表达重农爱民思想的仪式舞台,皇帝通过亲耕仪式,向广大民众展现了“亲为民”的道德品格以及勤民、亲民、爱民的政治态度。中国历代帝王无论何种民族属性,都高度重视耕典礼,很大程度上也是适应文化认同和政治认同的需要。在推动中国政治文明连续不断发展和中华民族大融合的过程中,耕典礼发挥了重要作用。 历代王朝均重农固本 “国以农为重,不有以亲率之,则无以教天下”(《御定鉴类函》卷一百五十七《礼仪部四》),这是中国历代王朝在国家治理实践中的普遍共识。秦汉以降,中国历代王朝都将祭先农、行礼作为重农固本的表率,实力奉行,推动中国农业文明不断向前发展。秦代虽然没有皇帝亲耕的明确记载,但在里耶出土文献《先农简》中,却有州县祭先农的明确证据。汉代吸取秦亡教训,尤其重视发展农业,汉文帝将农业视为“天下之本”,开藉田、行藉礼,从而为汉王朝的强盛打下了坚实基础(《汉书》卷四《文帝纪第四》)。魏晋之际,虽然时局动荡,但晋武帝力排众议,亲耕藉田,以示重农态度(《晋书》卷三《帝纪第三·武帝》)。南北朝时期,朝代更频繁,但耕典礼并未废弃。北魏孝文帝仰慕中原农耕文明,力行改革,行亲耕礼,以劝课农桑(《魏书》卷七上《帝纪第七上》)。 唐宋时期,耕典礼进一步发展,唐玄宗亲耕时突破了“天子三推”的仪注规范,“进耕五十余步,尽乃止”(《旧唐书》卷二十四《礼仪四》)。耕典礼对少数民族政权也产生了积极影响。例如,金世宗寻求“使民务本”之策,礼部员外郎路伯达即向其建议“开籍田以率先天下”(《金史》卷九十六《列传第三十四·路伯达》)。元朝立国后于大都东南郊立籍田,建先农坛,设“籍田署”,“以蒙古子代耕籍田”(《元史》卷七十六《祭五·先农》)。明初,朱元认为耕礼仪长期废
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channel for popular representation and a provider of top political executives. The concept of party politics dated back to the early 1930s, but its impact was generally insignificant, having been overshadowed by the military-bureaucratic elite. The struggle for power was nearly always settled by coup, and the pluralistic demands of the society were accommodated through either bureaucratic channels or patron-client connections. For decades political parties had an uncertain status. When they existed, they did so at the sufferance of generals, who abolished or revived them at will. Parties were unable to maintain continuity, nor could they develop a mass base. Part of the problem was the bad image of partisan politics, which the politicians brought on themselves through their unscrupulous pursuit of self-interest. Party politics received a major impetus from the student uprising of October 1973. Forty-two parties participated in the 1975 parliamentary election, and thirty-nine participated the following year. The freewheeling partisan politics during the so-called democratic period of 1973-76 ended in the coup of October 1976. Kriangsak, the army commander in chief, appointed a civilian-led government, but the Thanin Kraivichien regime turned out to be overly repressive and was overthrown in 1977. Assuming the office of prime minister himself, Kriangsak permitted the resumption of party politics banned by Thanin. Of the 39 parties that took part in the April 1979 election, 7 parties captured about 70 percent of the 301 contested seats. As a result of the confusion stemming from the proliferation of minor parties, a new political parties act was passed in July 1981. The act, which became effective in 1983, specified that to participate in an election, a party must have a minimum of 5,000 members spread throughout the country's four geographical regions. In each region, at least five provinces must have members, the minimum per province being fifty. The membership requirement was designed to foster the development of mass-based parties catering to broad national interests rather than narrow, sectional interests. Another provision of the act stipulated that a party must put up candidates for at least half the total lower house seats, or 174 seats. As a result, in the 1983 and 1986 elections, the number of participating parties was reduced to fourteen and sixteen, respectively. In order to satisfy the legal requirements, some parties fielded candidates recruited from among recent college graduates. In the 1980s, the country's multiparty system continued to suffer from traditional long-standing problems. These included organizational frailty and lack of discipline, endemic factionalism, the emphasis on personalities over issues, and the politicians' penchant for vote-buying and influence-peddling. Parties were formed, as before, by well-known or wealthy individuals to promote their own personal, familial, parochial, or regional interests. Observers expressed concern that failure to improve the party system could result in a return to authoritarian military rule. The perception that political parties and politicians were unworthy of trust was widespread in 1987. However, a coup was ruled out by Chaovalit, the new army commander in chief, even though he publicly castigated politicians as venal and hypocritical. In February he asserted that political parties, the Constitution, and elections alone would not make for a genuine democracy in Thailand, where, he argued, the party system and elections were controlled by a wealthy few who used the trappings of democracy for their own benefit. Appearing before a parliamentary committee in April 1987, Chaovalit maintained that to build a real Thai-style democracy with the king as head of state, the ever-widening income disparity must be narrowed first and that at the same time political parties and all government entities including the military "must join hands and walk ahead together." The major Thai parties, which Chaovalit had criticized, were mostly right-of-center. Their numerical representation in the House of Representatives varied considerably from one election to another. Of the four ruling coalition parties in 1987, the Democrat Party was considered to be somewhat liberal, despite its beginning in 1946 as a conservative, monarchist party. Seni Pramoj, prime minister in 1946 and again in 1976, led the party from its inception until 1979. In 1974 the party suffered major fragmentation and lost some key figures, including Kukrit, Seni's brother, who formed the Social Action Party that year. In the 1979 election, the Democrats suffered a major setback but rebounded in 1983. Over the years, this party consistently opposed military involvement in politics and actively sought to broaden its base of support across all social segments and geographical regions. In recent years, particularly after July 1986, the Democrats were racked by internal strife. Their leader Bhichai Rattakul, deputy prime minister in Prem's coalition, was reconfirmed in a factional showdown in January 1987. Afterward, retired Lieutenant Colonel Sanan Khachornprasart was named secretary general, in place of Veera Musikapong, whose faction had been backed by wealthy Bangkok businessman Chalermphan Srivikorn. The Chart Thai Party, sometimes called the "generals' party," was founded in 1974 by a group of retired generals and was led until July 1986 by Pramarn Adireksan, retired major general and former president of the Association of Thai Industries and the Thai Textile Association. Aggressively anticommunist, Chart Thai was backed by a number of prominent industrialists. After the July 1986 election, it was led by retired General Chatichai Choonhaven, whose relationship with Prem was friendly. The Social Action Party, a 1974 offshoot of the Democrat Party, was led by Thai statesman Kukrit Pramoj until he stepped down in December 1985. The party was led thereafter by the former deputy party leader and minister of foreign affairs, Siddhi Savetsila, a retired air chief marshal. More than any other party, the Social Action Party was identified with a free enterprise economy. In the 1986 election, the party suffered a severe loss, brought on in no small part by its own internal strife. In May 1986, a splinter faction led by seventy-four-year- old Boontheng Thongsawasdi formed the United Democracy Party with financial support from big business--amid a spate of rumors that General Arthit was also among the party's behind-the scenes backers. In the July 1986 election and afterward, the United Democracy Party was outspokenly critical of the Prem administration. The Rassadorn Party, the fourth member of the ruling coalition, was formed only a few months before the July 1986 election; until May 1986 it was known as the National Union (Sahachat) Party. Its leader was Thienchai Sirisamphan, retired deputy army commander in chief. Rassadorn came to be known as a pak taharn (military party) because its key party posts were held by retired generals. Its entry into partisan politics was welcomed by many for providing a constructive channel for military involvement in parliamentary government. The exclusion of the United Democracy Party from the fifth coalition government was predictable in light of its anti-Prem stance. However, it probably came as a surprise to Samak Sundaravej, leader of the Prachakorn Thai Party formed in 1978, that his right-wing and monarchist group was not invited to join the coalition. Before the election, master orator Samak stated that the new postelection government should continue its strong military ties and should once again be led by outgoing Prem. In so doing, he rejected the suggestion that Kukrit Pramoj, who had retired from party politics altogether in May 1986, should head the new postelection regime. The Ruam Thai Party and the Community Action Party, both formed in 1986, were also among the seven parties supporting Prem for continued premiership; but they, too, were left out of the coalition. The leader of the Ruam Thai Party, Narong Wongwan, was a former member of the Social Action Party and outgoing minister of agriculture and cooperatives. The Community Action Party was led by its founder Boonchu Rojanasathien, one-time deputy prime minister in charge of economic affairs, ex-deputy leader of the Social Action Party, and former president of the Bangkok Bank. The remaining seven parties with one or more elected House of Representatives members formed the "Group of Nineteen," so named because of their combined total of nineteen members. These parties agreed in August 1986 to join with other noncoalition parties to form a united front in an attempt to ensure efficient and systematic monitoring of the government. In a crucial showdown over a no-confidence motion against the Prem government in April 1987, however, the opposition bloc suffered a major political embarrassment because of the last-minute defection from the censure debate by fifteen of its members. Boonchu, chief strategist of the five-member opposition leadership team, expelled five members from his Community Action Party for their action. |Country Studies main page | Thailand Country Studies main page | Celebrity| Cars that drive themselves can become reality within ten years A new EU project SARTRE is being launched to develop and test technology for vehicles that can drive themselves in long road trains on motorways. This technology has the potential to improve traffic flow and journey times, offer greater comfort to drivers, reduce accidents, and improve fuel consumption and hence lower CO2 emissions. Just imagine leaving home in the morning and, just after joining the motorway, meeting up with a number of other cars which inch up to each other, travelling at normal speed in a close-formation convoy. After a few minutes you can let go of the steering wheel and spend your time reading the morning paper, talking on the phone or watching the TV, while your car drives itself in complete safety and also saving fuel! A vision of a motoring Utopia? Not if you believe today's researchers who suggest that road trains can become reality within a decade. The automotive industry has long been focused on the development of active safety systems that operate preventively, such as traction control and braking assistance programs. But automakers have also gone much further in proposing technology that allows vehicles to be operated without any input whatsoever from the person behind the wheel. Known as autonomous driving, this technology means that the vehicles is able to take control over acceleration, braking and steering, and can be used as part of a road train of similarly controlled vehicles. The first test cars equipped with this technology will roll on test tracks as early as 2011. The vehicles will be equipped with a navigation system and a transmitter/receiver unit that communicates with a lead vehicle. Since the system is built into the cars, there is no need to extend the infrastructure along the existing road network. The idea is that each road train or platoon will have a lead vehicle that drives exactly as normal, with full control of all the various functions. This lead vehicle is driven by an experienced driver who is thoroughly familiar with the route. For instance, the lead may be taken by a taxi, a bus or a truck. Each such road train will consist of six to eight vehicles. A driver approaching his destination takes over control of his own vehicle, leaves the convoy by exiting off to the side and then continues on his own to his destination. The other vehicles in the road train close the gap and continue on their way until the convoy splits up. The advantage of such road trains is that all the other drivers in the convoy have time to get on with other business while on the road, for instance when driving to or from work. The road trains increase safety and reduce environmental impact thanks to lower fuel consumption compared with cars being driven individually. The reason is that the cars in the train are close to each other, exploiting the resultant lower air drag. The energy saving is expected to be in the region of 20 per cent. Road capacity will also be able to be utilised more efficiently. "The SARTRE project brings together a unique mix of technologies, skills and expertise from European industry and academia, with the aim of encouraging the development of safe and environmentally effective road trains," explains Tom Robinson, SARTRE project coordinator, of Ricardo UK Ltd. "By developing and implementing the technology at a vehicle level, SARTRE aims to realise the potentially very significant safety and environmental benefits of road trains without the need to invest in changes to road infrastructure." "I do appreciate that many people feel this sounds like Utopia", says Erik Coelingh, technical director of Active Safety Functions at Volvo Cars. However, this type of autonomous driving actually doesn't require any hocus-pocus technology, and no investment in infrastructure. Instead, the emphasis is on development and on adapting technology that is already in existence. In addition, we must carry out comprehensive testing to verify our high demands on safety." Researchers see road trains primarily as a major benefit to commuters who cover long distances by motorway every day, but they will also be of potential benefit to trucks, buses, coaches vans and other commercial vehicle types. As the participants meet, each vehicle's navigation system is used to join the convoy, where the autonomous driving program then takes over. As the road train approaches its final destination, the various participants can each disconnect from the convoy and continue to drive as usual to their individual destinations. NOTES TO EDITORS About the SARTRE project: The SARTRE project stands for Safe Road Trains for the Environment. Part-funded by the European Commission under the Framework 7 programme, SARTRE will be led by Ricardo UK Ltd and will comprise a collaboration between the following additional participating companies: Idiada and Robotiker-Tecnalia of Spain, Institut für Kraftfahrwesen Aachen (IKA) of Germany, and SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Volvo Car Corporation and Volvo Technology of Sweden. SARTRE aims to encourage a step change in personal transport usage through the development of safe environmental road trains (platoons). Systems will be developed in prototype form that will facilitate the safe adoption of road trains on un-modified public highways with full interaction with non-platoon vehicles. The project will address the 3 cornerstone transportation issues of environment, safety and congestion while at the same time encouraging driver acceptance through the prospect of increased "driver comfort". The objectives of SARTRE may be summarised as: 1. To define a set of acceptable platooning strategies that will allow road trains to operate on public highways without changes to the road and roadside infrastructure. 2. To enhance, develop and integrate technologies for a prototype platooning system such that the defined strategies can be assessed under real world scenarios. 3. To demonstrate how the use of platoons can lead to environmental, safety and congestion improvements. 4. To illustrate how a new business model can be used to encourage the use of platoons with benefits to both lead vehicle operators and to platoon subscribers. If successful, the benefits from SARTRE are expected to be significant. The estimated fuel consumption saving for high speed highway operation of road trains is in the region of 20 percent depending on vehicle spacing and geometry. Safety benefits will arise from the reduction of accidents caused by driver action and driver fatigue. The utilisation of existing road capacity will also be increased with a potential consequential reduction in journey times. For users of the technology, the practical attractions of a smoother, more predicable and lower cost journey which offers the opportunity of additional free time, will be considerable. The SARTRE project formally started in September 2009 and will run for a total of three years. About the SARTRE project partners: SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden is a leading international research institute. SP works closely with their customers to create value, delivering high-quality input in all parts of the innovation chain, and thus playing an important part in assisting the competitiveness of industry and its evolution towards sustainable development. Ricardo plc is a leading independent technology provider and strategic consultant to the world's transportation sector and clean energy industries. The company's engineering expertise ranges from vehicle systems integration, controls, electronics and software development, to the latest driveline and transmission systems and gasoline, diesel, hybrid and fuel cell powertrain technologies, as well as wind energy and tidal power systems. A public company listed on the London Stock Exchange, Ricardo plc posted sales of £178.8 million in financial year 2009. Ricardo will participate in the SARTRE project through its UK business, Ricardo UK Ltd. For more information, visit http://www.ricardo.com/. The Robotiker-Tecnalia Technology Centre is an all-round supplier of contracted R+D+I, which has a complete range of services and products ranging from foresight and technology surveillance to new technology based business launching. Of this wide range of methods for collaborating with companies, development of R&D projects and technology consultancy services stand out. Robotiker-Tecnalia operates in its reference markets through five business units: ENERGY, TELECOM, AUTOMOTIVE, INFOTECH and INNOVA. This helps the technology centre to specialise by orienting research towards the needs of companies in these key sectors. Its mainly objective is to actively contribute to sustainable development in Society through Research and Technological Transfer. Over the years Robotiker-Tecnalia has taken part in more than 85 European projects, 24 of which remain ongoing. http://www.robotiker.com/ Volvo Technology Corporation is a Business Unit of the Volvo Group, which is one of the world's leading manufacturers of commercial transport solutions providing products such as trucks, buses, construction equipment, drive systems for marine and industrial applications as well as aircraft engine components. Founded in 1927, Volvo today has about 100,000 employees, production in 19 countries and operates on more than 180 markets. Volvo Technology Corporation is an innovation company that on contract basis invents researches, develops and integrates new product and business concepts and technology for hard as well as soft products within the transport and vehicle industry. Volvo Technologies primary customers are the Volvo Group Business Areas & Units. In addition, Volvo Technology participates in national and international projects in certain strategic areas, organised in common research programmes. For more information see http://www.tech.volvo.com/. IDIADA, as a global partner to the automotive industry, provides complete solutions for automotive development projects worldwide. IDIADA's Technical Centre is located 70 km south of Barcelona (Spain), having subsidiaries and branch offices in several European and Asian countries with a total work force of around 800 employees. The core services IDIADA provides are: Engineering, Proving Ground and Homologation. Main fields of engineering activity are power train, emissions, noise & vibration, vehicle dynamics, braking systems, fatigue & durability and passive safety. IDIADA's proving ground is recognised as one of the best facilities in the world, and is renowned for the quality of its costumer service. As a multi-user facility, safety and confidentiality are of the highest priority. Weather conditions make this facility the first choice regardless of the type of testing. The Institut für Kraftfahrzeuge of the RWTH Aachen University (ika) with its centennial history is engaged in education and in industry-orientated
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تفکر روسیه ادامه محدودیت فعلی تولید نفت پس از ژوئن را منتفی ندانست اما خاطرنشان کرد که این امر به وضعیت بازار بستگی خواهد داشت. یک منبع دیگر در اوپک پلاس گفت: ما منتظریم که اوضاع تا حدودی به وضعیت عادی برگردد. این موضوع که تقاضا دوباره و بزودی رشد کند، اهمیت دارد. اما تقاضا تا زمانی که قرنطینه به طور کامل رفع نشود، بهبود پیدا نخواهد کرد. عربستان سعودی روز دوشنبه در اقدامی غیرمنتظره با هدف پشت سر گذاشتن سریعتر بحران انرژی که فاینانس این کشور را تحت فشار قرار داده است، کاهش بیشتر تولید نفت را اعلام کرد. این کشور اعلام کرد که در ژوئن یک میلیون بشکه در روز دیگر به کاهش تولید خود اضافه خواهد کرد و مجموع تولیدش را به ۷.۵ میلیون بشکه در روز میرساند. بلافاصله امارات متحده عربی و کویت اعلام کردند مجموعا ۱۸۰ هزار بشکه در روز به کاهش تولیدشان اضافه میکنند. قیمت نفت روز سه شنبه در واکنش به تصمیم غیرمنتظره این تولیدکنندگان صعود کرد. طبق گزارش خبرگزاری دولتی SPA، هیات دولت عربستان سعودی از کشورهای اوپک پلاس درخواست کرد به منظور احیای بازار جهانی نفت، کاهش تولید بیشتری صورت دهند. انتظار میرود این کاهش عرضه به همراه کاهش قرنطینه در برخی از کشورها که به بهبود تقاضا برای سوخت کمک کرده است، از فشار روی ظرفیت مخازن نفت کم کرده و قیمتها را تقویت کند. بر اساس گزارش رویترز، اما شیوع مجدد ویروس کرونا درچین و کره جنوبی نگرانیها را برانگیخته است و آلمان هم از افزایش موارد ابتلا به ویروس کرونا پس از آغاز کاهش محدودیتها خبر داده است./ایسنا م/۹۸ Russian paper mache dolls are made of carved wood or wire covered in paper mache and then painted. These dolls can be nesting dolls, where smaller dolls fit into larger dolls, or just large, thin dolls with painted faces. Kids will enjoy making this simpler version of Russian paper mache nesting dolls with different-sized plastic cups, balloons, paper mache and paint. Things You'll Need - Plastic cups in 3 to 4 sizes - Scissors or utility knife - 1 cup flour - 6 cups water - 1-inch wide strips of newspaper - Paint, acrylic or tempera Video of the Day Line up three or four plastic cups, upside down, and poke a hole in the bottom of each one with scissors or a utility knife. Blow up one balloon for each doll’s head. Inflate the balloon so it is no larger in circumference than the base of the cup. Tie the balloons off and insert the tied end in to the hole you poked. Boil 5 cups water in a saucepan. Add 1 cup flour to 1 cup cold water and make a paste in a bowl. Add this paste to the boiling water and simmer for 2 to 3 minutes. Pour into a large bowl and let cool completely before using. Tear newspapers into 1-inch strips. Moisten a strip of newspaper in the paper mache solution and run your fingers down the strip to remove excess liquidp. Place the strip onto the paper cup and balloon. Add wet strips of paper to the cup and balloon until the entire surface is covered in one layer. Let dry overnight. Add at least three more layers of paper mache and let dry thoroughly between each layer. Do this for each doll you are making. Paint the dolls with one solid base color and let dry. Draw an outline for a face and paint inside the outline with flesh-colored paint. Let dry. Add facial features with black paint: eyes, nose, mouth and cheeks. Paint the rest of the body with flowers, interesting designs or hands. Welcome to the official website of Zibo Jieda Machinery Co., Ltd.! 欢迎访问博捷达机械有限公司官方网站! 液压单斗挖掘机的功用及类型 挖掘机是挖掘和装载土石的一种主要工程机械。它在建筑、水利工程、筑路、露天采矿和国防工程中都有广泛的应用。此外,一些中小型通用单斗湿地挖掘机还可通过更换工作装置,作起重、装载、抓取、打、钻孔等多种作业。 挖掘机分循环作业式和连续作业式两大类。湿地挖掘机属循环作业式,其工作循环包括:挖掘、回转、卸土及返回等过程。多斗挖掘机属连续作业式,一般这类机械都具有较高的生产率,是一种专用挖掘机,适合在大型挖掘工程中使用。 单斗挖掘机的基本类型大致可按以下几个方面来区分: (1)按动力装置分有电驱动式、内然机驱动式和复合驱动式等3种,以内燃机驱动式使用较普遍。 (2)按传动装置分有机械传动、全液压传动和半液压传动。半液压传动的挖掘机行走机构采用机械传动。国产轮胎式液压挖掘机多为半液压式。少数挖掘机仅工作装置采用液压传动,如大型矿用挖掘机。 (3)按行走装置分有履带式、轮胎式、汽车式和悬挂式等多种类型。履带式挖掘机因有良好的通过性和稳定性,应用较广。轮式挖掘机具有行驶速度快、机动性好、可在城市道路上通行,中、小型挖掘机采用此种型式者渐多。汽车式、悬挂式挖掘机,则是以汽车或拖拉机为基础机械安装工作装置的小型挖掘机。 (4)按工作装置在水平面内可回转的范围分全回转式(360度)和非全回转式(小于270度)二类。大部分液压挖掘机是全回转式。悬挂式液压挖掘机工作装置仅能作180度左右的回转,属半回转式。 (5)按工作装置的结构不同可分为接式和伸缩臂式二种。接式结构用在大多数挖掘机上,伸缩臂式挖掘机用于平整清理场地、疏河道等作业。 ( BLACK PR WIRE) Washington, DC, November 15, 2010 – Twenty-five percent of African-American households suffered from food insecurity in 2009—compared to 11 percent of white households—according to the most recent data on hunger released today by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Food insecure households are those that struggle to put food on the table at some point in the year. Nationally, one in seven—or 14.7 percent—of U.S. households experienced food insecurity in 2009. “The national figures are record-breaking, but the fact that such a disparity exists between African-Americans and whites shows that we must call on Congress to do more—especially for communities with the greatest need,” said Rev. Derrick Boykin, northeast regional organizer for Bread for the World. “Congress must act now to ensure that programs designed to mitigate hunger are well-funded.” This year, participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program or SNAP (formerly called food stamps) hit record levels. African-Americans comprised 22.6 percent of the 42 million Americans who receive SNAP benefits each month. Ninety percent of African-American children will receive SNAP benefits at some point before age 20, compared to 49 percent of all U.S. children. Nearly 35 percent of African-American children currently live in households that struggle to put food on the table, compared to 16.7 percent of white children. Congress reconvened today for a lame duck session with several important unfinished agenda items, including extending tax benefits for low-income working families and reauthorizing the Child Nutrition Act, which will improve school breakfast and lunch programs along with WIC and summer food sites. “In the African-American community in particular, high rates of unemployment have led to dramatic increases in poverty and food insecurity rates over the past few years,” Boykin added. “As African-Americans grapple with the ongoing impacts of the recession, Congress needs to ensure that programs like SNAP, the national school meal programs, and WIC are funded at levels to support this time of need.” According to the USDA figures, nearly 27 percent of Hispanics suffer from food insecurity and nearly 35 percent of Hispanic children live in households that struggle to put food on the table. For additional information on food insecurity, visit www.bread.org. |This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)| |Part of a series on| |Social and cultural anthropology| |Part of the Politics series| |Basic forms of government| A chiefdom is a form of hierarchical political organization in non-industrial societies usually based on kinship, and in which formal leadership is monopolized by the legitimate senior members of select families or 'houses'. These elites form a political-ideological aristocracy relative to the general group. A chiefdom is thus led by a highly ranked incumbent of an inherited political role, chief: chiefs lead because of their ascribed status, not their achieved status. In anthropological theory, one model of human social development rooted in ideas of cultural evolution describes a chiefdom as a form of social organization more complex than a tribe or a band society, and less complex than a state or a civilization. The most succinct definition of a chiefdom in anthropology is by Robert L. Carneiro: "An autonomous political unit comprising a number of villages or communities under the permanent control of a paramount chief" (Carneiro 1981: 45). Chiefdoms are characterized by centralization of authority and pervasive inequality. At least two inherited social classes (elite and commoner) are present. (The ancient Hawaiian chiefdoms had as many as four social classes.) An individual might change social class during a lifetime by extraordinary behavior. A single lineage/family of the elite class becomes the ruling elite of the chiefdom, with the greatest influence, power, and prestige. Kinship is typically an organizing principle, while marriage, age, and sex can affect one's social status and role. A single simple chiefdom is generally composed of a central community surrounded by or near a number of smaller subsidiary communities. All of the communities recognize the authority of a single kin group or individual with hereditary centralized power, dwelling in the primary community. Each community will have its own leaders, which are usually in a tributary and/or subservient relationship to the ruling elite of the primary community. A complex chiefdom is a group of simple chiefdoms controlled by a single paramount center, and ruled by a paramount chief. Complex chiefdoms have two or even three tiers of political hierarchy. Nobles are clearly distinct from commoners and do not usually engage in any form of agricultural production. The higher members of society consume most of the goods that are passed up the hierarchy as a tribute. Reciprocal obligations are fulfilled by the nobles carrying out ritual that only they can perform. They may also make token, symbolic redistributions of food and other goods. In two or three tiered chiefdoms, higher ranking chiefs have control over a number of lesser ranking individuals, each of whom controls specific territory or social units. Political control rests on the chief's ability to maintain access to a sufficiently large body of tribute, passed up the line by lesser chiefs. These lesser chiefs in turn collect from those below them, from communities close to their own center. At the apex of the status hierarchy sits the paramount. Anthropologists and archaeologists have demonstrated through research that chiefdoms are a relatively unstable form of social organization. They are prone to cycles of collapse and renewal, in which tribal units band together, expand in power, fragment through some form of social stress, and band together again. An example of this kind of social organization were the Germanic Peoples who conquered the western Roman Empire in the 5th century CE. Although commonly referred to as tribes, anthropologists classified their society as chiefdoms. They had a complex social hierarchy consisting of kings, a warrior aristocracy, common freemen, serfs and slaves. The American Indian tribes sometimes had ruling Kings, or satraps, governors, in some areas and regions. The Cherokee, for example, has an imperial family ruling system in some eras over a long period of history. The early Spanish explorers in the Americas reported on the Indian Kings and kept extensive notes during what is now called the conquest. Some of the native tribes in the Americas had princes, nobles, and various classes and castes. The "Great Sun," was somewhat like the Great Khans of Asia and eastern Europe. Much like an emperor, the Great Sun, of North America is the best example of chiefdoms and imperial kings in North American Indian history. The Aztecs of Mexico had a similar culture. Chiefdom in India The Arthashastra, a work on politics written some time between the 4th century BC and 2nd century AD by Indian author Kautilya, similarly describes the Rajamandala (or "Raja-mandala,") as circles of friendly and enemy states surrounding the state of a king (raja). Also see Suhas Chatterjee, Mizo Chiefs and the Chiefdom (1995). Native Chieftain System in southern China Tusi (Chinese: 土司), also known as Headmen or Chieftains, were tribal leaders recognized as imperial officials by the Yuan, Ming, and Qing-era Chinese governments, principally in Yunnan. The arrangement is generally known as the Native Chieftain System (Chinese: 土司制度, p Tǔsī Zhìdù). Alternatives to chiefdoms In prehistoric South-West Asia, alternatives to chiefdoms were the non-hierarchical systems of complex acephalous communities, with a pronounced autonomy of single-family households. These communities have been analyzed recently by Berezkin, who suggests the Apa Tanis as their ethnographic parallel (Berezkin 1995). Frantsouzoff (2000) finds a more developed example of such type of polities in ancient South Arabia in the Wadi Hadhramawt of the 1st millennium BCE. In Southeast Asian history up to the early 19th century, the metaphysical view of the cosmos called the mandala (i.e., circle) is used to describe a Southeast Asian political model, which in turn describes the diffuse patterns of political power distributed among Mueang (principalities) where circles of influence were more important than central power. The concept counteracts modern tendencies to look for unified political power like that of the large European kingdoms and nation states, which were an inadvertent byproduct of 15th-century advances in map-making technologies. Nikolay Kradin has demonstrated that an alternative to the state seems to be represented by the supercomplex chiefdoms created by some nomads of Eurasia. The number of structural levels within such chiefdoms appears to be equal, or even to exceed those within the average state, but they have a different type of political organization and political leadership. Such types of political entities do not appear to have been created by the agriculturists (e.g., Kradin 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004). - Berezkin, Yu. E. 1995. "Alternative Models of Middle Range Society" and " 'Individualistic' Asia vs. 'Collectivistic' America?", in Alternative Pathways to Early State, Ed. N. N. Kradin & V. A. Lynsha. Vladivostok: Dal'nauka: 75–83. - Carneiro, R. L. 1981. "The Chiefdom: Precursor of the State", The Transition to Statehood in the New World / Ed. by G. D. Jones and R. R. Kautz, pp. 37–79. Cambridge, UK – New York, NY: Cam-bridge University Press. - Carneiro, R. L. 1991. "The Nature of the Chiefdom as Revealed by Evidence from the Cauca Valley of Colombia", Profiles in Cultural Evolution / Ed. by A.T. Rambo and K. Gillogly, pp. 167–90. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. - Earle, T. K. 1997. How Chiefs Came to Power: The Political Economy of Prehistory. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. - Frantsouzoff S. A. 2000. "The Society of Raybūn", in Alternatives of Social Evolution. Ed. by N.N. Kradin, A.V. Korotayev, Dmitri Bondarenko, V. de Munck, and P.K. Wason (p. 258-265). Vladivostok: Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. - Korotayev, Andrey V. 2000. Chiefdom: Precursor of the Tribe?, in Alternatives of Social Evolution. Ed. by N.N. Kradin, A.V. Korotayev, Dmitri Bondarenko, V. de Munck, and P.K. Wason (p. 242-257). Vladivostok: Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; reprinted in: The Early State, its Alternatives and Analogues. Ed. by Leonid Grinin et al. (р. 300-324). Volgograd: Uchitel', 2004. - Kradin, Nikolay N. 2000. "Nomadic Empires in Evolutionary Perspective", in Alternatives of Social Evolution. Ed. by N.N. Kradin, A.V. Korotayev, Dmitri Bondarenko, V. de Munck, and P.K. Wason (p. 274-288). Vladivostok: Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; reprinted in: The Early State, its Alternatives and Analogues. Ed. by Leonid Grinin et al. (р. 501-524). Volgograd: Uchitel', 2004. - Kradin, Nikolay N. 2002. "Nomadism, Evolution, and World-Systems: Pastoral Societies in Theories of Historical Development", Journal of World-System Research 8: 368-388. - Kradin, Nikolay N. 2003. "Nomadic Empires: Origins, Rise, Decline", Nomadic Pathways in Social Evolution. Ed. by N.N. Kradin, Dmitri Bondarenko, and T. Barfield (p. 73-87). Moscow:
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Bağlantılarımızı kullanarak satın alımlardan komisyon kazanabiliriz. Daha fazla bilgi edin. Burun boşluklarını ayıran septumun sapması veya delinmesi, kokain gibi kimyasal maddelerin Vücut kitle indeksinizi hesaplayın Malokluzija nedir?Malokluzija, üst ve alt dişler arasında rahatsız edici bir temastır. Bu, diş yapısındaki dişler yanlış yerleştirildiğinde ortaya çıkar. Konjenital bir anomaliye veya çok fazla veya çok az dişe ek olarak, Malokluzija da başparmak emmenin bir sonucu olabilir. 20 Şubat 2021 Cumartesi Ortodontik cihaz Ortodontik tedavinin sonu Semptomları İlgili Makaleler Pnömotoraks, akciğerleri çevreleyen zarın iki tabakası (plevra) arasındaki boşluk olan Bu akciğer hastalığına, mineral partiküllerinin uzun süre solunması neden olur. Bu Bronşlarda ve akciğerlerde artan hasar, kronik bronşite ve amfizeme yol açabilen sigara ve hava Grip oldukça bulaşıcıdır ve her kış gelişmiş ülke nüfusunun yaklaşık% 10'unu etkiler. Kan plazmasının pulmoner alveollere çıkışı, bunun sonucu olarak kandaki oksijen miktarında Kistik fibroz, mukoza bezlerinin işleyişini etkileyen resesif kalıtsal bir hastalıktır. Bronşların iltihaplanması, verimli bir öksürük ve balgam çıkarma şeklinde kendini Benvenuto nel primo capitolo della Guida agli attributi di FIFA 19, oggi parliamo di quelli dello Stile offensivo: - Cross - Finalizzazione - Precisione di testa - Passaggi corti - Tiri al volo Cross Questo attributo misura quanto accuratamente il giocatore riesca a crossare il pallone sia durante il normale svolgimento del gioco, sia sui calci piazzati. È l’attributo fondamentale per i giocatori che giocano sulle ali, ma avendo anche un’influenza sui calci piazzati lo è anche per i giocatori a cui decidi di far mettere il pallone in area al posto di calciare direttamente in porta. Di contro se la tua ala continua a vedersi ribattere i cross dai difensori c’è una buona probabilità che abbia un valore scarso. Finalizzazione La finalizzazione determina l’accuratezza dei tiri con il piede all’interno dell’area di rigore ed è forse l’attributo principale dello stile offensivo. Non tutti lo sanno, ma la finitura non ha alcuna influenza sui colpi di testa o i tiri da fuori area. Essere un ottimo finalizzatore non significa necessariamente essere in grado di battere il portiere, ma riuscire a centrare la porta più facilmente. Ad esempio un giocatore con finalizzazione bassa avrà più probabilità di colpire un legno o addirittura di sparare il pallone alle stelle piuttosto che centrare lo specchio della porta. Precisione di testa Questa statistica misura la precisione nei colpi di testa inteso sia come passaggio ad un compagno di squadra che come colpo verso la porta avversaria. In effetti, questo attributo dello stile offensivo fa due cose: influenza la capacità del tuo giocatore di colpire il pallone, e di conseguenza quanto accurato sarà il colpo di testa. Passaggi corti Questo attributo classifica il modo in cui un giocatore esegue un passaggio rasoterra o corto ad un suo compagno di squadra. In altre parole, determina la precisione e la velocità di passaggio di un giocatore su una breve distanza. Tiri al volo Quest’ultimo attributo misura la precisione e la potenza dei tiri al volo in porta. Influenza la tecnica e la precisione dei calci effettuati mentre la palla è in aria e tende ad essere accoppiato con l’attributo equilibrio, di cui parleremo più avanti, se il giocatore che effettua la giocata non è completamente rivolto verso l’obiettivo. La statistica tiri al volo è responsabile di alcuni dei gol più belli che si possano fare nel gioco. La guida agli attributi dello stile offensivo si chiude qui, nel prossimo articolo vedremo quelli legati alle Abilità, o se preferite il termine inglese Skill, come ad esempio il dribbling. BİLGİ YAYINEVİ,2008 683 sayfa Çanakkale Savaşı'nı tarih kitaplarından farklı olarak gün gün ayrıntılı olarak ve ufak anektotlar ekleyerek anlatmış Turgut Özakman. Beni ençok etkileyen ayrıntı bize karşı savaşanların cephede Türk ölülerine yaptıkları ve savaş hukukuna aykırı olmasına rağmen hasta,yaralı taşıyan gemilere saldırmaları oldu.Yapılan tüm insanlık dışı hareketlere rağmen savaş kazanılıyor ancak resmi tarih kitapları bu insanlık dışı ayrıntıları yazmıyor. Bu yüzden bu tür kitaplar önemli bence. Partendo da un'osservazione storico sociale, l'autore accompagna il lettore ad una semplice comprensione di come nella realtà si strutturano i problemi e gli ostacoli nella vita di tutti i giorni. Allo stesso modo offre strumenti che possono dipanare quegli stessi dubbi e comprendere che ognuno di noi può realizzare il meglio nella propria vita. Io posso è alla portata di tutti, non esiste sfortuna o limite: Io posso. What are the Lower Primary strategies? Shared Book Approach (SBA) There are two parts to the Shared Book Approach. First, the teacher introduces and shares a Big Book with the pupils. In the second part, the teacher teaches language items, structures and skills explicitly, including concepts of print, phonics and grammar. There is a range of follow-up activities such as drama and art and craft for teachers to select according to their children's learning needs. Modified Language Experience Approach (MLEA) In MLEA, there is a shared experience that is linked to the Big Book that has been read during Shared Reading. The shared experience provides the context and content for the children to think and talk about, using the target language structures and vocabulary they have been exposed to in SBA. With the help of the teacher who transcribes the children's input, the pupils come up with a piece of class writing. This becomes the basis for group writing, when the children work in small groups, before they go on to individual writing. The whole process is scaffolded for success and pupils also learn about cooperative learning as they work together in mixed-ability groups. Learning Centres (LC) The language skills learnt in both SBA and MLEA are reinforced in the Learning Centres (LC). In LC, activities are planned and differentiated for the pupils in three main learning centres – the Reading Centre, the Word Study Centre and the Listening Centre. Pupils have the opportunity to re-learn, revisit or extend what they have learnt at their own pace and in differentiated ability groups. For each of these strategies, there will be a range of activities that will approach language both 'holistically' as well as in parts. Examples of holistic activities include shared reading, speech and drama. Opportunities to practise or study language in smaller parts are provided through direct instruction as well as targeted practice. This is where phonics, grammar, vocabulary, spelling and punctuation can be taught explicitly. There is weaving between 'whole' and 'parts' in the learning of English. Sono tante le cose su cui riflettere, mentre sei su una seggiovia e attraversi una nuvola. O mentre passeggi sotto la neve, e smetti di passeggiare per poter sentire meglio il rumore che fa la neve quando cade sulla neve. Il punto è che non bisogna mai, mai, mai allenarsi per diventare vetro infrangibile. E sapete perché? Perché quando poi ti rompi, ti rompi in un miliardo di piccolissimi pezzetti. E rimettersi insieme è ancora più dura. — 从维也纳国际机场(VIE)到维也纳市中心有3种交通方式:出租车、火车和巴士。雇一辆 维也纳机场出租车 需36€,只需行驶20分钟即可到达维也纳市区。如果要搭乘火车,您可以有2个选择。您可以乘坐城市机场火车(CAT)或公共列车Schnellbahn S7号线。城市机场火车票价为12€,乘坐时间为16分钟,而公共列车S7号线的车票价格仅为3.90€且平均行驶时间为25分钟。搭乘巴士是价格低廉且快捷的选择。巴士车票仅需8€,行驶时间为20分钟。 Welcome Pickups提供接送服务并会亲切地为您介绍Vienna的情况,价格与普通出租车相同。 点击这里 查看费用. Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği’nin son lideri Mihail Gorbaçov doksan bir yaşında hayata veda etti. Gorbaçov bir süredir Moskova’daki bir hastanede tedavi görüyordu. 1980’lerde Perestroyka (yeniden yapılanma) ve Glasnost (açıklık) adını verdiği reform çalışmalarıyla dikkat çeken Gorbaçov, ilerleyen yıllarda Soğuk Savaş’ı sonlandırmış ve Batı Dünyası ile yaklaşık yarım asırdır bir tehlike olarak ortada duran nükleer savaş tehdidini ortadan kaldırmıştı. Bu gelişmeler Batı Dünyası’nın Gorbaçov’a olumlu yaklaşmasına yol açarken, ülke içinde ise büyük bir yıkımı beraberinde getirmişti. 1990’ların hemen başında Sovyetler Birliği Komünist Partisi ülkede politik üstünlüğünü kaybetti ve sonrasında da Sovyetler Birliği dağıldı. Tarihin yeniden yazımını sağlayan ve Gorbaçov adını öne çıkaran kırılma ise 1989 yılında yaşandı. Sosyalist bloğuna dahil olan Doğu Almanya’da başlayan demokrasi yanlısı gösteriler 1989 yılında Doğu Avrupa’daki tüm sosyalist ülkeleri sardığında Gorbaçov daha önceki liderlerin aksine güç kullanımına dair bir emir vermedi. Söz konusu protestolar sonucunda Doğu Berlin ile Batı Berlin’i ayıran duvar yıkıldı. Böylece Sosyalist ülkelerin ve Varşova Paktı’nın çöküş süreci başladı. Özetle Gorbaçov 1985 yılında henüz elli dört yaşındayken Komünist Parti Genel Sekreteri oldu. Kısıtlı siyasi ve ekonomik reformlarla sıfır tüketmekte olan ekonomik durumu demokratik adımlarla yeniden canlandırmaya çalıştı ancak hayata geçirilen reformlar kontrolden çıkınca ülkedeki sosyalist sistem çöktü. Gorbaçov bugün birçok Avrupa ülke lideri, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri yöneticisi Birleşmiş Milletler üyesi tarafından iyi sözlerle anılırken, bundan otuz yıl öncesini bizzat yaşayan birçok Rus vatandaşı tarafından ağır eleştirilerle hatırlanıyor. What is drug addiction. Why is the point of view of looking at addiction as a brain disease gathering in popularity? I believe is simply because the principal actions of drugs and alcohol are on the brain. Drinking and drugging affect the brain in three very important ways. It alters the function of the brain, it alters the physical structure of the brain, and it alters the chemicals produced in the brain. To put it bluntly, when you do drugs are messing up your brain. This is Part 2 of a 3 part series. The other posts are: - We will discuss drug addiction from an addict’s point of view. (Part 1 of 3). - Addiction from a medical point of view. (Part 3 of 3) Viewing Drug Addiction As A Brain Disease Viewing addiction as a brain disease is pretty much on the polar opposite end of the scale as the historic view of addiction being a moral weakness. Supporters of the moralistic view tend to believe that it is simply a matter of just saying “no” and stopping. As more and more is revealed about the functioning of the brain, through the tremendous technological advances in the last 30 years, understanding drug addiction and recovery become a very complex problem. We now have all different sorts of scans and task that can actually show was clearly pictures of the brain and what’s happening inside. Drugs and alcohol affect the functioning in the brain’s limbic system. The limbic system contains the brains pleasure pathways or reward centers. It is the stimulation and action of chemical changes that occur here that produce feelings of pleasure. The brain learns that one feelings of pleasure occur where motivated to repeat them. Messages in the brain are transmitted by sending electrical impulses across networks of nerve cells called neurons. Messages are transmitted between neurons by the chemicals called neurotransmitters. This is where it gets interesting. Drugs Mess Up The Way Your Brain Works In Big Ways Alcohol and drugs affect your brain in these three ways: - They change the physical structure of your brain. - They change the functioning of your brain. - They alter the chemical signals your brain sends to your body. - Physical structure of your brain. Through different types of scans now available, such as Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, we can see physical changes in the brain. Drugs actually do destroy brain cells. Okay the government that - Function of your brain. Chronic exposure to drugs of abuse disrupts the way critical brain structures interact to control and inhibit behaviors related to drug use. Just as continued abuse may lead to tolerance or the need for higher drug dosages to produce an effect, it may also lead to addiction, which can drive a user to seek out and take drugs compulsively. Drug addiction erodes a person’s self-control and ability to make sound decisions, while producing intense impulses to take drugs. - Affect brain chemistry. After using drugs for significant amount of time changes in the chemical system of the brain and its circuits occur. Studies of brain images of individuals with drug addiction show significant changes in the specific areas of the brain that are critical to decision-making, judgment, memory, learning and very importantly behavior control. One put altogether these changes can significantly affect behavior and cause a drug addict to seek out and take drugs and obsessive-compulsive fashion. Alcohol and drugs are chemicals that can enter into and interfere with that chemical communication by mimicking the natural chemicals that occur in the brain. Some examples are heroin or marijuana which fooled brain into sending abnormal messages which are then transmitted. There are other drugs such as the stimulants cocaine and amphetamines which cause the brain cells to release an abnormally large quantities of the brain chemicals. How Do We Get Addicted To Drugs In The First Place? Well, one reason is that drugs can stimulate 100 percent to 1000 percent the amount of dopamine (the chemical that makes us feel good), released to reward center in the brain. That’s almost like saying you can feel 2 to 10 times better with drugs than you can naturally doing things like hanging out, esting, or having sex.. The effects of drugs are not only way more intense. but also last much longer. The problem is that our brain starts to adapt to these abnormally large quantities of dopamine it does so by producing less and less of the substance naturally. So, if you’re not actually under the effects of drugs your ‘resting state’, is actually quite low. The brain also reacts to curb the flood by reducing the number of dopamine receptors available in the brain so it does not face continual overload. This means essentially that you must take drugs just to feel ‘normal’, and even more and more drugs to get high. This is the symptom of drug addiction known as tolerance. It’s like hitting a moving, escalating target. Natural Brain Function Support – Memory, Focus & Clarity Formula – Nootropic Scientifically Formulated forNatural Brain Booster Supplements – Mental Focus Enhancer With Pure Green Tea Extract + LHealing the Addicted Brain: The Revolutionary, Science-Based Alcoholism and Addiction Recovery ProgramThe Brain: The Story of You – Best Selling AuthorThe Brain Book: Development, Function, Disorder, HealthNeuroplasticity: Master the Art Brain Training See It Yourself - Brain Imaging Shows Brain Changes Caused by Drug Use We would like to note that sustaining long-term recovery is simply not about saying no to drugs (although that is the object of the exercise). It is about gaining an education of the nature of drug addiction, how it personally applies
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feet apart, but make sure to protect it from any late frosts that come along. Every spring you may also add a couple inches of mulch around the base of the tree or shrub. The pomegranate is tolerant of drought, but only cold hardy till 12 degrees Fahrenheit. It prefers very warm temperatures, which improve the flavor of the fruit. For mass fruit production sprinkler irrigation is preferred, but should not be utilized close to harvest time because it causes fruit cracking. The pomegranate is self-pollinating, or it can be cross-pollinated by insects. Cross-pollination also increases fruit set and quality. The plant requires very little fertilizer, around 5-8 ounces of nitrogen a year. Minor pruning is needed, but necessary to decrease disease and increase fruit size. You must also remember to remove the suckers from the base of the plant. The fruit takes five to seven months to mature after it blossoms. The fruits are usually harvested September to December. Almost all harvesting is done by hand. After being picked they should be kept at optimal conditions of 32 to 41 degrees Fahrenheit and 80 to 85% relative humidity. Pomegranates can be kept that long for up to seven months. The long storage improves the flavor of the fruit. An easy method of propagation is to do it by seed. The seeds of the pomegranate germinate very quickly, even if sprinkled on the top of the soil. They usually have little problem with dormancy since the tree is native to warm climates. Seeds are also more economical than other methods of propagation. The biggest problem with seed propagation is that they are not true to type, and can loose some of the good qualities of the established cultivars. That is why the seed propagation is not used in large-scale production. It also takes longer for a fruit producing plant to grow from seed than other methods. Hardwood cuttings are the most widely used method. You should take the cuttings November through January off of one-year-old wood. One source said the cuttings should be six to ten inches long while another source suggested cuttings of twelve to twenty inches in length. Treat the cuttings with a growth regulator and let them develop some roots in a greenhouse before planting in the spring. The cuttings are the best way to keep the properties of the original cultivars. Grafting of pomegranate trees is rarely done in the United States. It is sparsely used in other parts of the world. Many different types of grafts have not been successful enough for use in commercial production. I have not found much information explaining why there is such difficulty getting successful grafts. Tissue culture is another method of production that calls for the growth of the plant in a sterile environment using the tissue, seed, or cuttings. There is little, if almost no tissue culture of pomegranates. The United States has such a small pomegranate market that very little money is put into its research and the expense of tissue culture. Many of the countries that have large pomegranate production have poor economical status and cannot provide much money to its research. I would have liked to find more specific information on the propagation of pomegranates. Since the fruit has been grown for hundreds of years with reliable results there is not much want for growers to explore other options. The minimal U.S. production posed a problem in finding information also. It was very easy to find general production knowledge and facts, but in depth statistical information is very hard to come by. The propagation of pomegranates has been done for many years and the plant has endured. California Rare Fruit Growers. “Pomegranates.” June 4, 1997. Corbis Photo Search. “Pomegranate.” April 26, 2003. <http://www.corbis.com>. Gernot Katzer’s Spice Dictionary. “Pomegranates.” February 27, 2000. POM Wonderful. July 14, 2001. <http://www.pomwonderful.com/home.asp>. Pomegranate. March 24, 1999. <http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton /pomegranate.html>. Virginia Cooperative Extension. “Pomegranates.” November 1, 1997. 该消息人士表示,卡塔尼在进行某些通话时,有一个人在他的旁边,当时,卡塔尼不断对旁边的人转述穆特拉比的讲话。 该土耳其消息人士还补充道,沙特官员在谋杀卡舒吉前12天对该谋杀案进行了精心策划。 几天前,美国《纽约时报》——援引卡舒吉谋杀案调查的三名知情人士消息——报道称,穆特拉比从伊斯坦布尔致电沙特王储本·萨勒曼的高级助手说,“告诉你的老板,任务已完成。” 尽管沙特王储的名字没有出现在电话录音之中,但美国情报部门——根据《纽约时报》报道——认为,“你的老板”指的就是沙特王储本·萨勒曼。 前情报官员将穆特拉比的说法称之为卡舒吉谋杀案中最强有力证据。 穆特拉比被认为是卡舒吉谋杀行动的协调员,他是沙特王储的亲近人士,并曾多次陪同沙特王储前往欧洲和美国。 当时飞机——在记者卡舒吉进入沙特驻伊斯坦布尔领事馆前一天抵达伊斯坦布尔运载沙特人员的涉案飞机——是以穆特拉比的名字租赁的,据悉,穆特拉比曾担任沙特驻伦敦大使馆的安全专员。 Ürdün Bayrağı`nın ana hatlarını I. Dünya Savaşı boyunca Osmanlı Devleti`nden bağımszılığı almak için başlatılan Arap İsyanları`nın simgesi olan bayraktan alır. En üstte siyah, ortada beyaz ve en altta yeşil renklerde üç yatay çizgi ve bunlar ile bağlantılı, bayrağın solunda kırmızı bir üçgenden oluşur. Bayrakta bulunan üç dikey şeridin renkleri sırası ile Abbasi, Emevi ve Fatımi halifelerini simgeler. Kırmızı üçgenin simgesi ise Haşimiler ve Arap İsyanları`dır. Bayrağı Arap İsyanları`nın simgesi olan bayraktan ayıran tek fark kırmızı üçgenin uç kısmında bulunan yedi köşeli yıldızdır. Bu yıldızın da temsil ettiği iki farklı olgu vardır. Birincisi Kuran-ı Kerim`in ilk suresinin yedi satırdan oluşması, ikincisi ise Arap halkının birliği umududur. Bazen bu yedi köşeli yıldızın her bir köşesinin başkent Amman`ın üzerinde kurulu olduğu yedi tepeyi temsil ettiği düşünülür. Asya|Bayrağı|Asya bayrakları জরà§à¦¡à¦3⁄4ঠ̈ের জাতীয় পতাকা When it comes to Passover, most of the attention is placed on Moses (realizing this, the Jewish Sages who composed the Passover Haggada omitted any mention of Moshe!) Few give credit to Moses’ elder siblings (and prophets) Aaron and Miriam. It was the prophecy of the eldest Miriam that inspired the Israelites in Egypt to start procreating again, after they had previously decided not to bring any more children into such a cruel existence. That stimulus gave birth to Moses. It was Miriam who ensured the basket stayed afloat in the Nile, and who made sure Moses received a Jewish wet nurse (his mother!) even though he grew up in Pharaoh’s palace. Later, we are told that Miriam had a mystical well that supplied the Israelites with all their water needs during their travels through the wilderness. The Talmud explains Miriam was nicknamed Azuva (“left behind”) since she was physically unappealing and had a hard time finding a husband. However, a great man named Caleb married her for her spiritual holiness. Miraculously, she transformed into a very beautiful woman, and was thus renamed Efrat (which means “beauty”). This marriage gave birth to the ancestor of King David (and therefore Mashiach)! Meanwhile, Aaron was the leader of the Jews in Egypt. Because Moses had a speech impediment, Aaron was the official mouthpiece and spokesperson of God. He also carried out the first three of the 10 plagues that struck the Egyptians. For his peace-loving and self-sacrificing ways, Aaron was later granted the high priesthood, and all his descendants became Cohanim. Amazingly, scientists have discovered a gene on the Y-chromosome that is shared by cohanim around the world, whether Ashkenazi, Sephardic or other. The gene traces back 3300 years, which is precisely the time of the Exodus! Words of the Week There are none so hopelessly enslaved as those who believe they are free. – Von Goethe What You Will Learn You will learn how to create a simple version of the cartoon classic eye-pop animation. You will learn to exaggerate emotions for comical effect. You will use a combination of Wind-up, Shake, and Spacing to create an impact with this bit of acting. Why Is This Important? This recipe is a simple variation on a classic cartoon cliche. Part of the importance, aside from applying animation principles to a new piece of emotion reaction, with the eye-pop is that new animators now become part of the legacy of silliness and hyper exaggeration in cartoons. The Road Runner, Bugs Bunny, Tom and Jerry, Spongebob, etc. have all used the eye-pop frequently and to great effect. The importance of a prepared mind (Tap or hover over green words for translation.) Therefore, if one person sees this and another does not, and if Vedānta is looked upon as a pramāṇa, then the problem lies with the one who wants to understand. If Vedānta is not looked upon as a pramāṇa, it becomes a mystical experience. Once it is a pramāṇa, Vedānta should reveal the nature of the immediately available ātmā, because the saṃsāra that this knowledge is supposed to resolve is also immediately available, aparokṣa. If I have committed a mistake that is aparokṣa, the correction of that mistake must also be aparokṣa. Ātmā cannot be known by perception or inference because, being yourself, it cannot be objectified. The only pramāṇa that will work is śabda. Here, statements such as 'tat tvam asi' are lakṣaṇa-vākyas and they produce immediate knowledge. They are similar to statements such as 'This is that Devadatta' or 'you are the tenth man', which produce immediate knowledge, aparokṣa-jñāna. If that recognition is not immediate, and if you do not understand that Vedānta is a pramāṇa, you will conclude that ātmā has to be experienced. Those who know the śāstra say that Vedānta is a pramāṇa, but very few know how to handle it. As a result, there is a tendency to conclude that one has to experience something and that Vedānta is the theory, which is the basis for that experience. Then Vedānta ceases to be a pramāṇa [for you] as far as ātmā is concerned. If Vedānta does not give you immediate knowledge of the self-evident ātmā, which is always available and which is the basis for every experience, then Vedānta is not [regarded as] a pramāṇa for ātmā. Since some people gain the knowledge and others do not, in spite of being exposed to the pramāṇa that is Vedānta, it is clear that some other factor is necessary. Instead of taking into consideration the qualifications of the student, the idea of experience was conceived of by some people. This problem is compounded by the use of the word anubhava in the śāstra, typically translated as 'experience'. This word, however, is used by the śāstra in the sense of 'seeing'-darśana, indicating immediate knowledge. The problem of anubhava arose long ago when it was suggested that the study of śāstra had to be followed by a special 'other-worldly' cognition, laukika-pratyakṣa. But this was much more well thought out than the modern contention that first you must get the theory of ātmā from the śāstra and then, through practice, experience it. This problem of not seeing the nature of ātmā can either lead you to the conclusion that ātmā is yet to be experienced or that you should look into your qualifications. Since mokṣa is in the form of knowledge, there are definitely requirements for it. Fulfilling those requirements is the nature of the effort that is made here. The emphasis is on purity of mind, antaḥkaraṇa-śuddhi, which is accomplished by a life of karma yoga and the cultivation of values. The most important thing here is inquiry. All false values and improper attitudes are due to a lack of understanding of certain relative truths. It is, therefore, important to continue to listen to the śāstra while living a life of karma yoga. 'Bhagavad Gita Home Study Course' Ch.15 v.11 Swami Dayananda © Copyright 2021 Arsha Vidya Fotoğraf : Hidrojel disklerle yapılan yeni bir tür enerji kaynağı elektrikli yılanbalıklarındaki güç üreten organlara çok benzer bir yapıya sahip. Pil benzeri cihazlar, hayvanın hücresinde bir yükün nasıl oluşturulduğunu taklit ediyor. Yeni güç kaynakları, elektrikli yılan balıklarının içindeki elektrik üreten organlara şoke edici bir benzerlik gösteriyor. Bu yapay elektrikli yılan balığı organları, hidrojel adı verilen su bazlı polimer karışımlarından oluşur. 13 Aralık’ta Nature’da açıklanan bu yumuşak, esnek pil benzeri cihazlar, yumuşak robotlara veya yeni nesil giyilebilir ve takılabilir (implante edilebilir) teknolojiye güç sağlayabilir. Baton Rouge’daki Louisiana State Üniversitesi’ndeki çalışmaya katılmayan Jian Xu, potansiyel olarak biyo-uyumlu, çevre dostu enerji kaynakları inşa etmek ve “ticarileştirme için parlak bir geleceğe sahip olmak” için çok akıllı bir yaklaşım olduğunu belirtti. Bu yeni güç kaynağı türü, elektrikli yılanbalığı gövdesi boyunca uzanan elektrik organındaki elektrositler(electrocyte) olarak adlandırılan hücre dizileri sonrasında modellenmiştir. Bir yılan balığı avını hücum ettiğinde, bu hücrelerin içindeki pozitif yüklü potasyum ve sodyum atomları yılanbalığının başına doğru akar ve bu da her bir elektrositteki ön ucun pozitif ve kuyruk ucunun negatif olmasını sağlar. Bu kurulum, her bir hücre için yaklaşık 150 milivolt voltaj oluşturur. İsviçre’de Fribourg Üniversitesi’nde biyofizikçi olan Michael Mayer, bu elektrositlerin voltajları, bir el feneri kullanan bir AAA pil dizisi gibi toplandığını açıkladı. Toplu olarak, bir yılan balığı elektrositleri yüzlerce volt üretebilir. Fotoğraf : Jel Hücreler Her yapay yılanbalığı hücresi, bir kırmızı jelden diğerine, poliester panelleri arasına sıkıştırılmış ve diğer hücrelere bağlanan dört hidrojel zinciridir. Mayer ve meslektaşları, belirli bir sıraya göre sıralandığında, bir elektrosit işlevini taklit eden dört hidrojel oluşturdu. Araştırmacılar, dört-jel yapay hücreyi diğer hücrelere bağlamak için birkaç strateji tasarladılar. Bir teknik, hidrojel ızgaraları iki polyester tabaka üzerine basmak ve daha sonra bir tabakanın üstüne diğerini yerleştirmek, böylece hidrojellerin fermuar dişleri gibi kıvrılmasıyla ilgilidir. Alternatif olarak, tüm hidrojelleri tek bir levhaya basmak ve daha sonra levhayı katlamak, ardından levhanın katlanması jelleri krepler gibi üst üste yığar. Araştırmacılar, dört hidrojelin kimyasal yapısını tasarladılar, böylece tek bir hücrenin tüm jelleri dokunduklarında, pozitif yüklü sodyum atomları dizinin bir ucuna doğru ilerledi ve negatif klorür atomları diğerine doğru aktı. Gerçek bir elektrosit gibi, her dört yapay jel hücre 130 ila 185 milivolt elektriğin üretildi ve art arda sıralı 612 yapay yılan balığı hücresi ev prizine benzer şekilde 110 volt üretti. Fotoğraf : Hassas bir konfigürasyonda basılmış hidrojellere sahip bir polyester levha, bir elektrik yılanbalığının elektrik üreten organındaki hidrojellerin hücrelere benzer şekilde üst üste yığılmasını sağlıyor. Ne yazık ki Mayer, suni yılanbalığı organlarının biyolojik muadilleri kadar verimli olmadığını söylüyor. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma için inşa edilen hidrojel sistemleri, yalnızca çok düşük güçlü cihazlara enerji verebilir. Mayer, “Gücüne en yakın olduğumuz cihaz muhtemelen bir kalp pili” diyor. Ama o, hidrojel düzenlemesini, daha ince jel basmak gibi gerçek bir yılanbalığı elektrik organını daha yakından taklit etmek için değiştirmenin, bu enerji kaynaklarını daha cazip hale getirebileceğini düşünüyor. Mayer ayrıca yapay organları yeniden şarj etmek için yeni bir yol tasarlamak istiyor. Araştırmacılar şu anda cihazları hidrojellerin şarjlı parçacıklarını başlangıç konumlarına geri döndüren harici bir güç kaynağına bağlamalılar, örneğin bir bataryayı şarj yuvasına takmak gibi. Mayer “En azından benim için kutsal kase bu şeyi dizayn etmek ve böylece bedenin içinde kendini yeniden şarj etmek olurdu.” diyor. Mayer yapay yılanbalığı organlarının, vücuttaki doğal yük ayrımlarının depoladığı enerjiye (örneğin, nispeten pozitif yüklü olan mide ve çevresindeki doku) benzediğini hayal ediyor. Böylesine esnek, canlı dostu ve şeffaf enerji kaynakları bir gün, implante edilmiş sağlık sensörlerine, insülin pompalarına veya kullanıcının sanal görüşlerini kullanıcının görüş hattına yansıtan yüksek teknolojili kontakt lenslere enerji verebilir. Kaynak : iflscience.com What is a physical therapist? Physical therapy focuses on the evaluation, management, and prevention of disorders of human motion. Physical therapists (PTs) are important members of the rehabilitation (rehab) team. They evaluate and provide treatment for persons with health problems and disabilities caused by injury, disease, overuse of muscles or tendons, pain, or loss of a body part. PTs focus on restoring a person's movement (mobility) and function. They also help prevent further disability. PTs may provide treatment and education for: Balance and gait retraining Heat and cold therapy and massage Activities of daily living (A
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previously- only 2. Duck numbers were similarly down at the lagoon. I was relieved to see they have halted their building work there). PM. Hangang at Eunbong: Plentiful Shoveller, Pochard, Common Teal,Spot-billed Duck & Pintail. Lesser numbers of Tufted Duck, Gadwall, Goosander and Mallard... Also 1 Merlin hawking the parrotbills.... Man-gyeong, Dong-jin, Okku salt pans and adjacent flats, November 23 At the Man-gyeong numerous Eurasian Spoonbills were seen. This was true for the Dong-jin as well, where 20 were seen. Eurasian Curlews were in good numbers too - roughly 80 in one group. Also 2 White-tailed Sea Eagles (a male and a female juvenile (judging by its larger size)): while they sparred a Peregrine flew into the scene and got involved, exciting stuff! Joonam and the Nakdong, November 23 Few species of note observed during a "training day" for potential Upo Ramsar site guides, best being 7 White-naped Crane at Joonam. Gocheonnam Lake, November 20 - 22 Photo © NM Daily changes in numbers of Baikal Teal (with 250,000 on the 20th, 120,000 on 21st and ca 240,000 on the 22nd) were likely in response to disturbance caused by sightseers. Other birds of note included the Long-tailed Shrike (at least until the 20th), the same or another Black Stork (a rather shabby-looking juvenile-immature resting in wet rice-fields photographed through reeds on the 21st), the Chinese Grey Shrike (mixing spells of hovering with swift chases after the numerous Lapland Bunting and Japanese and Northern Skylarks), and 2 Greater Spotted Eagle - with an adult-type on the 21st and a juvenile-type on the 22nd. Seosan, November 16 - 20 Up to 8 Oriental White Stork at Seosan, as well as 3 Black Stork, from November 16th to 20th. Go to the News section of Hyun tae's website, Pintail's Home, for more images. Photo ©KIM Hyun-tae Geocheonnam Lake, Haenam, November 18 - 19 At the very least 350,000 Baikal Teal on 18th, with possibly rather fewer on 19th ("only" 300,000 plus). Interestingly, one individual seen was leucistic, with a pale fawn coloration, and whiter-looking primaries. Also 1 near adult Upland Buzzard and 2 Hooded Crane on 18th, along with 2 Pallas's Rosefinch overhead at dawn, and 1 Eastern Imperial Eagle on 19th. Although both the Long-tailed and Chinese Grey Shrike were seen well on the 18th, neither were seen in rainy conditions on the 19th. At Yeongam Lake on 19th, very few birds of note. Geocheonnam Lake, Haenam, November 17 A huge raft of Baikal Teal today contained at least 350,000 individuals, with possibly as many as 400,000 present (i.e. almost the whole world population of this charismatic duck). Other birds of note included 2 Hooded Crane at dusk, Japanese Quail, the Chinese Grey Shrike still (watched hovering for long periods), and least expected, a Long-tailed Shrike (which with several Bullheaded made three species of shrike in a 500 m stretch of reedbed edge). From descriptions of a large shrike with a pink wash on the underparts given by Barry and MUTA san yesterday, the same bird was likely also present on the 16th. This is about the tenth record for Korea, and possibly only the third record on the mainland. Seosan, November 16 Incredible images on KIM Hyun tae's website today of an Oriental White Stork at Seosan. Upo Ramsar site, November 16 4 White-naped Crane (2 adults, 2 juveniles), 1 Tundra Swan, 700+ Taiga Bean Geese, 500+ Baikal Teal. Geum River, November 16 The Baikal Teal are building in numbers at the Geum River - perhaps 5,000 there. 3 Peregrine Falcon also seen there. At the mouth of the Man-gyeong River we saw 20 or more Eurasian Spoonbills, large numbers of Eurasian Curlews and the birds of the day turned out to be three Hooded Cranes: two adults and one juvenile, so perhaps a family group. (Mr. Bae believes there has been no record of that species at this site.) Geocheonnam Lake, Haenam, November 16 Despite very significant disturbance by people coming to view "the migratory birds", at least 200,000 Baikal Teal watched excellently...other birds of note included a pre-roost congregation of 28 Hen and 2 Eastern Marsh Harriers, 2 Merlin, a late Barn Swallow, and most unexpectedly single Chinese Grey Shrike and Black Stork - two species that have attempted wintering in the area in previous years. Geum River, Gunsan, November 15 Only 7 Baikal Teal near the roosting island at Napo Ri - with the fields and surrounding area looking very disturbed and suporting rather few waterbirds. Yeongam Lake, Mokpo: Baikal Teal ca 60,000 in the evening. Seosan Lake A and B, November 14 Only ca 60,000 - 70,000 Baikal Teal, with 20,000 -30,000 of these watched departing south in the late evening. On Lake B, probably 500 Baikal Teal present. Highlights on Lake A included a Lesser White-fronted Goose and at least 46 (and possibly as many as ca 85) Hooded Crane in the evening; in addition an immature Peregrine was watched harrasssing the teal, before heading over the rice-fields where it swooped unsuccessfully - flushing an Amur Leopard Cat! Seosan Lake A, November 13 Slightly reduced numbers of Baikal Teal, with probably ca 250,000 present. Many (>100,000) watched flying south(east) in the evening. Seosan Lake A, November 12 At least 270,000 (and possibly as many as ca 330,000) Baikal Teal present, with many calling a peculiar low buzzing "ak-ak-ak". Seosan, November 6 - 7 The BBC are in South Korea to film the Baikal Teals at Seosan...and unfortunately so far the weather has not been helpful: no aerial ballet and grey, overcast skiesr. The birding has been good though, and highlights include 1 adult and 1 immature Snow Goose, 1 Swan Goose, ca 60 White Spoonbill (were 81 on 4th), 42 Hooded Crane (on 6th; fewer on 7th), White-tailed Eagle and 3 Oriental White Stork (the last record from Kim Hyun-tae). Very rough counts of the Baikals give estimates of ca 200,000 on 6th, and perhaps 150,000 on 7th. Upo Ramsar Site, November 4 No sign of the Oriental White Stork which had been present and well-watched for several days (last seen well on November 3rd). Best therefore were ca 500 Baikal Teal, 6 Tundra Swan (the personal first of the autumn), 6 Red Crossbill, 5-6 Black-winged Stilt still, and a wide range of commoner winter passerines (including Dusky Thrush, Brambling, Meadow, Yellow-throated and Rustic Buntings and Siberian Accentor). Hong Island, November 3 More proof of the late migration through the area, comes with Korea's first White-capped Water Redstart Chaimarrornis leucocephalus found by Park Jong Gil on Hong Island. This comes after Jong Gil "shared" the first Korean records of Scaly-breasted Munia on the same island just last week! The White-capped Water Redstart is found from Central Asia, Afghanistan, and the entire Indian subcontinent, across through much of China (except the far north). Mainly resident along rocky rivers and streams, the species breeds up to 4000m in places, moving lower in the winter. Seosan, Lake A, November 3 The passage of a dry cold front saw temperatures drop from a very mild 15C overnight (perhaps encouraging an extremely late Brown Hawk Owl watched next to our motel to remain into November) down to a midday temperature of ca 11C, with strong northwesterlies. Massive numbers of wildfowl included ca 180,000 Baikal Teal, 10,000-15,000 Northern Pintail, 15,000+ Thick-billed Bean, ca 8,000 Greater White-fronted Geese (including one with a green neck collar - perhaps with E3 written on it?) and an immature Snow Goose. Further highlights included 28 Hooded Crane (including one pale, apparent hybrid), 1-2 White-tailed Eagle, a Rough-legged Buzzard (scarce in South Korea in recent winters), and perhaps best of all a Chinese Grey Shrike, watched hunting along a reed-filled channel. Okku and Geum River, November 2 On telephone lines and rice fields near Okku a mixed group of Corvids included several Daurian Jackdaws amongst the Rooks and Carrion Crows. Later at the Geum River estuary a few dozen Northern Lapwings were spotted amongst the geese and ducks. Not many rarities but a good daylist total of 63 between the three of us. Socheong, am; Ferry back to Incheon, pm, November 2 Continuing fog and moderate winds for much of the morning seemed to keep most migrants in cover. In the east of the island, however, 60 Dusky/Naumanns were joined by 2 Pale Thrushes, while there were no less than 3 flycatcher species logged.Most predictable were 2 Mugimaki, while a first year male Blue-and-White Flycatcher can be considered an extremely late record. Best, however, was a large and heavy all-blue flycatcher with solidly black lores, hawking and picking insects from exposed perches along the edge of a belt of pine trees. Seen only from behind by NM (with good views of the head), this presumed Verditer Flycatcher Eumyias thalassina was very well seen by DB as it perched on an exposed branch. DB also noted a lack of contrast between the upper and underparts (with, for example no obviously paler throat or "belly"), and surprisingly a lack of tourquoise in the plumage, though with some iridescence on the closed wing and tail. An apparently similar flycatcher, also considered a Verditer, was found and photographed (distantly) on Gageo Island on October 12th, 2001, by PARK Jin Young, KIM Su-Kyung and CHOI Yu-Seong (with a further sighting on October 17th, 2001: PJY pes comm.), making the Socheong bird presumably the second record of the species for the Korean peninsula. The ferry journey was hampered by poor visibility, but again 6 Pomarine and 1, probably 2, South Polar Skuas were logged by NM, DB and NAM Ki Baek and CHOI Yu-Seong, along with a single Slender-billed/Short-tailed and ca 10 Streaked Shearwaters. Incheon-Socheong, November 1 From the ferry, 6 Pomarine Skua, 210 Pacific Black-legged Kittiwake, and 2 Ancient Murrelet. On Socheong, in poor visibility (with mist and fog patches) no sign of the male Amur Falcon seen on November 1st by NAM Ki Baek and CHOI Yu-Seong, and rather few other migrants, with best being a late Rufous-tailed Robin, 20+ Daurian Redstart, 10+ Dusky Warbler and a single Long-tailed Rosefinch. What is Condensation Reaction? Condensation is the change of physical state of matter from gaseous phase into the liquid phase. It is a process in which water vapour (gaseous form) in the air changes into liquid water when it touches a cooler surface. When the water in the air comes in contact with a cold surface, it condenses to form water droplets. This phenomenon is known as condensation. The reverse of condensation is evaporation reaction. The in-depth definition of condensation is listed below. - Condensation is when a gas turns to a liquid. - Condensations have been defined to include those reactions in which two molecules are joined with loss of water. - Condensation is defined as the removal of heat from a system in such a manner that vapour is converted into liquid. In the summertime, after working under the sun when we feel very thirsty. After reaching home, when we take a cold water bottle from the refrigerator we can notice small droplets of water outside the bottle. Where did these water droplets come in the bottle? This happens due to a phenomenon called condensation. Basic Process of Condensation Condensation of water happens when water changes its phase from gaseous state to liquid or crystal shape. At high pressure and low temperature, any gas can condense. Technically the process of condensation can happen at any temperature as long as the pressure of the liquid state of the gas is less than the pressure of the condensing gas. The molecules in the matter slow down during the process of condensation because the heat energy is taken away, which causes a change within the three states of matter, that is it changes the matter into the solid-state. A condensation reaction is a chemical reaction in which two molecules combine to form a larger one and a molecule of water. Condensation reactions involving alcohols as well as many other molecular types commonly occur in living organisms. - In a condensation reaction, the removed hydrogen and hydroxide come from different molecules whereas in a dehydration reaction the removed H and OH come from the same molecule. - In a condensation reaction, the H is removed from an electronegative atom whereas in a dehydration reaction the H is removed from a C atom. Condensation – Water Cycle - Condensation is important to the water cycle as it is responsible for the formation of clouds. - Water vapour present in the air is responsible for the formation of clouds which ultimately comes down in the form of rain. - This phase change of water between solid, liquid and gas is because of the movement of water molecules. - In vapour form, water molecules are arranged randomly as compared to the liquid state. - As condensation happens, water molecules become more organized and as a result, heat is released into the atmosphere leading to a change of phase from the vapour state to the liquid state. - This generally occurs in the atmosphere when warm air rises up and cools down. For condensation to take place, it is very important that the atmosphere is fully saturated (to reach maximum vapour pressure). Usually, condensation takes place around dust particles or smoke or microscopic bacteria. It plays a very significant role in the water cycle and thus helps in maintaining the water balance in the environment. It is also used in various industrial processes by the scientists and engineers for separating mixtures and manufacturing pure substances. Condensation in Organic Chemistry The term condensation is used to describe a wide variety of organic reactions resulting in the lengthening of the carbon skeleton of the molecule. However, it may be defined as a reaction between two or more molecules of the same or different compounds resulting in the formation of new carbon to carbon bonds with or without the elimination of simple molecules like water, alcohol, metallic halides etc. However, the term condensation reaction has been used in organic chemistry and often includes the formation of other bonds besides carbon to carbon. The two types of condensation reactions are - Intramolecular Condensation – When two functional groups of the same molecule react to eliminate a simple molecule the reaction is known as Intramolecular condensation. - Intermolecular Condensation – The condensation reaction between two molecules of the same or different compounds is known as intermolecular condensation. Stay tuned with Byju’s to learn more interesting topics in Chemistry. Also, get various engaging and interactive video lessons to learn more effectively. 【waigf.com讯】在很多人眼中,沃尔玛就像一个商业神话。从一家小店发展成全球最大的私人雇主和连锁零售商,多次荣登世界 500 强榜首及最具价值品牌。而其创始人山姆·沃尔顿的人生更是充满了传奇色彩,被乔布斯、巴菲特、贝佐斯、雷军、刘强东、敏洪等众多企业家称为「世界上最伟大的企业家之一」,他留下的经营哲学至今仍激励着每个商人。 山姆·沃尔顿的一生,是一个关于创业、冒险和梦想的故事。他告诉了我们:只有想不到,没有做不到。普通的劳动人民只要能够抓住机遇,尽到自己最大的努力,也能成就一番事业。1918 年,山姆出生在美国俄克拉荷马州的金菲舍镇。他的父亲是彻彻底底的老实人,没有任何野心甚至不相信借贷,每天早出晚归,干过各种工作(农场养牛、卖保险、银行职员、房地产中介)。大萧条时期,山姆的父亲突然找不到工作了,于是山姆的母亲开了家小牛奶店。从七八岁开始,山姆就不断送报纸、牛奶,帮着家里挣钱,一直到大学毕业。他知道每一分钱来之不易。山姆说,「母亲是个特别能激励他人积极进取的人,虽然没有受过太多教育,但是她读过很多书。因为癌症,母亲过早离开了我们,可她生前常告诉我,无论做什么都应该始终尽力做到最好。此后,我总是怀着真正的热情,去从事我感兴趣的每件事,去获得成功。我立下的个人目标都是极高的。」自孩提时代起,山姆就非常爱争强好胜。在班里他一直是班长,球、棒球、篮球、游泳等运动,没有人玩得过他。此外,做报童时,山姆也是业绩最好的那个。他 13 岁那年,便获得了「雄鹰」徽章,是整个密苏里州最年轻的获得者。上大学时,又成为密苏里州立大学学生会主席。山姆说:我决心做什么事情,就一定能干好,
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lerini toplayıp Avalonya için bir yakıt kaynağına dönüştürerek adını duyurur. Searcher, âşık olduğu Diaz ile konuşmaya çalışırken kafası karışır. » اخبار » استرالیا فعالیت نظامی در دریای جنوبی چین را گسترش می دهد تاریخ انتشار : ۱۳۹۷/۰۴/۰۸ - ۱۲:۱۸ تاریخ انتشار : ۱۳۹۷/۰۴/۰۸ - ۱۲:۱۸ استرالیا فعالیت نظامی در دریای جنوبی چین را گسترش می دهد صدای استرالیا - استرالیا به رغم واکنش احتمالی پکن با خرید 6 فروند هواپیمای بدون سرنشین پیشرفته نظامی به ارزش بیش از 7 میلیارد دلار قصد دارد بر فراز دریای جنوبی چین گشت زنی و نظارت هوایی بیشتری داشته باشد. صدای استرالیا – استرالیا به رغم واکنش احتمالی پکن با خرید ۶ فروند هواپیمای بدون سرنشین پیشرفته نظامی به ارزش بیش از ۷ میلیارد دلار قصد دارد بر فراز دریای جنوبی چین گشت زنی و نظارت هوایی بیشتری داشته باشد. استرالیا با تهیه این هواپیماهای بدون سرنشین پیشرفته آمریکایی به منظور عملیات نظامی مشترک با واشنگتن برای نظارت بر آبهای دریای جنوبی چین ایفای نقش خواهد کرد. استریت تایمز دراین باره گزارش داد: استرالیا در استراتژی نظامی – دریایی خود درصدد گسترش تجهیزات مورد نیاز شامل زیردریایی ها ، کشتی ها و قایق های بزرگ و هواپیماهای نظامی است. بر اساس این گزارش، کانبرا به زودی ۶ فروند هواپیمای بدون سرنشین با قدرت پرواز بسیار بالا در مدل MQ-4C Triton را خریداری می کند. قرار است از این هواپیما از اواسط ۲۰۲۳ میلادی ( پنج سال آینده) در عملیات نظامی استرالیا درمنطقه جنوب شرق آسیا و درعملیات مشترک نظامی با آمریکا مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. استرالیا اکنون هفت فروند هواپیمای نظامی در مدل P-8A Poseidon را برای نظارت های منطقه ای و عملیات مختلف استفاده می کند. مالکوم ترنبول نخست وزیر استرالیا اعلام کرد که این اقدام توانمندی دفاعی این کشور را در زمینه های مختلف از جمله مقابله با زیر دریایی ها در آبهای دریای جنوبی چین افزایش خواهد داد. زیردریایی های نظامی پکن در یکسال گذشته در دریای جنوبی چین و آبهای اقیانوس آرام در حال تردد هستند. چین ادعای مالکیت ارضی تقریبا ۹۰ درصد این آبها را دارد درحالیکه مالزی، برونئی، تایوان و فیلیپین با این کشور در مورد این مالکیت اختلاف نظر دارند. ناوهای نظامی استرالیا پیشتر در آبهای جنوب شرق آسیا برای مقابله با پکن اقدام به گشت زنی کرده و در رزمایش نظامی مشترک با آمریکا شرکت کرده است. دولت استرالیا همچنین پیشتر اعلام کرد که نیروی دریایی این کشور در حدود ۱۰ درصد از آبهای جهان در اقیانوس های هند، آرام، قطب جنوب و دریای چین جنوبی حضور نظامی دارد. منبع: ایرنا به نقل از رسانههای منطقهای در آسیا برچسب ها : توان نظامی استرالیا , دریای جنوبی چین , سیاست خارجی استرالیا دسته بندی : اخبار , سیاسی مطالب مرتبط مهاجرت مطالب بیشتر » ۰۹ اسفند ۱۳۹۸ آخرین پادکست ها مطالب بیشتر » ۰۹ اسفند ۱۳۹۸ 10 - On The Geological Succession of Organic Beings 10-03 - Species once lost do not reappear We can clearly understand why a species when once lost should never reappear, even if the very same conditions of life, organic and inorganic, should recur. For though the offspring of one species might be adapted (and no doubt this has occurred in innumerable instances) to fill the exact place of another species in the economy of nature, and thus supplant it; yet the two forms the old and the new would not be identically the same; for both would almost certainly inherit different characters from their distinct progenitors. For instance, it is just possible, if our fantail-pigeons were all destroyed, that fanciers, by striving during long ages for the same object, might make a new breed hardly distinguishable from our present fantail; but if the parent rock-pigeon were also destroyed, and in nature we have every reason to believe that the parent-form will generally be supplanted and exterminated by its improved offspring, it is quite incredible that a fantail, identical with the existing breed, could be raised from any other species of pigeon, or even from the other well-established races of the domestic pigeon, for the newly-formed fantail would be almost sure to inherit from its new progenitor some slight characteristic differences. I often see very anxious parents walk in with a concern that their child has suddenly started stammering. The onset of this speech difficulty is usually sudden. Over the past few years, the awareness has grown. I have noticed many young children come in, Our youngest clients being between 2.6 years to 3 years old. Stuttering or Stammering is the difficulty in producing smooth speech leading to pauses or repetitions of words. Stuttering is the technical term for Stammering and both mean the same. The onset of stuttering is between 2 to 4 years of age. There are many causes for stuttering but it is important to note that usually a child with stuttering does not have any structural deficit in his speech organs. He is usually fluent when he sings songs or shlokas due to the rhythmic pattern of the words and there are periods of very fluent speech lasting over weeks followed by periods of dysfluent speech. Remember that there is no instant cure for stammering! It is good to consult a speech therapist at the earliest. Speech therapy is very effective for children below 5 years of age. The focus in speech therapy is to slow down the rate of speech of the child and be supportive of the child’s difficulty. A follow up with a speech therapist at regular intervals over a period of 6 months can be very beneficial for the child. After 5 years of age also, therapy can be initiated but it takes a longer period of time and more emotional support from the environment around the child as the child becomes more aware and conscious of his speech difficulty. As a parent you can foster more fluency in your child’s communication by, - Not punishing or scolding the child - Please do not correct and criticize his/ her speech. - Acknowledge his/her speech difficulties with reassurance and encouragement - Talk slowly to him/her - Be patient and do not complete or fill in for the child’s sentences or words. This is important - Do not ask too many back to back questions during your conversations - Whenever the child is fluent and clear , encourage him/her by appreciating their speech If your child is between 2 to 3 years of age and is stammering for over one month or has severe stammering, do consult a experienced pediatric Speech language pathologist who will guide you to take the necessary steps. Remember that a supportive environment, appropriate feedback and fluency shaping techniques from the Speech Language Pathologist will work like magic for your little schmoozer! :-) 15 سال یپش، درست زمانی که فرزاد حسنی اولین روزهای مجری گری اش را تجربه می کرد؛ آن روزها او به همراه امین زندگانی، هادی کاظمی و مجید آقا کریمی برنامه «تا انتها حضور» به تهیه کنندگی سیما هاشمی (خواهر متوفی سید جواد هاشمی) را روی آنتن رادیو می بردند؛ برنامه ای که آن روزها مخاطبان بسیار زیادی داشت. پس با این تفاسیر، عنوان عکسی که در ادامه ملاحظه خواهید کرد هستش، فرزاد حسنی در جوانی این عکس قدیمی از فرزاد حسنی، متعلق به همان روزهاست؛ 15 سال پیش و اولین روزهای اجرای فرزاد حسنی روی آنتن صدا و سیمای ایران. تی وی پلاس The Icarus paradox is a neologism coined by Danny Miller in his 1990 book by the same name. The term refers to the phenomenon of businesses failing abruptly after a period of apparent success, where this failure is brought about by the very elements that led to their initial success. It alludes to Icarus of Greek mythology, who drowned after flying too close to the Sun. The failure of the very wings that allowed him to escape imprisonment and soar through the skies was what ultimately led to his demise, hence the paradox. In many industries, extremely successful businesses often face problems maintaining their success. Of the companies in the 1966 Fortune 100, 66 no longer existed by 2006, 15 still existed but were no longer on the list, and only 19 remained on the list. In a 1992 article, Miller noted that successful companies tend to fail precisely because of their strengths and past victories, which engendered over-confidence and lulled them into complacency. The characteristics that drove their success such as tried-and-true business strategies, dauntless and self-assured management, signature products and the reciprocal action and overall combination of all these elements when employed in excess may ultimately lead to declining sales and profits and even bankruptcy. This happens as managers make unwise decisions based on past strategies that they mistakenly believe will always be relevant and companies exploit as much as possible the strategies that contributed to their success, centralise their focus on the products that launched their brand and become blinded to changes in the external business environment. Reasons for failure According to Miller, success seduces companies into failure through fostering overconfidence, complacency, specialisation, exaggeration, dogma and ritual. Most successful firms owe their fortune to a unique competitive formula. As the company continues to grow, the manager's confidence in this winning formula is bolstered. Eventually, the firm ends up focusing only on refining and extending the strategies, products and values that propelled their success. Any other activities are neglected or even discouraged. This may be profitable in the short run as companies continue to specialise and improve in a certain product or strategy, leading to higher efficiency, sales and growth as they cultivate their competitive advantage in that particular area. In the long run, however, this attitude is unsustainable. They become unable to keep up with the threats of new competitors, changing consumer demands, newly developed business models and changes in the external environment. Overconfidence and complacency Failures in business projects happen all too often. Firms tend to invest too much and too long in activities that are elementally inoperative in its design or concept. Some examples are Merrill Lynch, RBS, AIG, Citibank, Lehman Brothers and Fresh & Easy. Most large capital investment projects come in late and over budget, never living up to expectations. Over 70% of new manufacturing plants in North America, for example, close within the first decade of operations. Around 75% of mergers and acquisitions do not pay off – the acquiring firm's shareholders lose more than the acquired firm's shareholders gain. The vast majority of efforts to break into new markets are abandoned within a few years. Standard economic theory explains the high rate of failures as an inevitable result of companies taking rational risks in the face of uncertain situations. The rewards of a few successes outweigh losses incurred from many failures in the long run. Executives know this and accept the risk. This theory absolves them from blame – they were simply making rational risks after all. Lovallo and Kahneman argue, however, that most of these failures are actually the results of flawed decision making. When predicting the outcomes of risky projects, executives easily fall victim to what psychologists call the planning fallacy. They make decisions based on delusional optimism instead of on rational weighing of gains, losses and probabilities. They spin scenarios of success while overlooking potential problems. Consequently, they pursue initiatives that are unlikely to succeed. Research into human cognition has traced this over-optimism to many sources. Humans have a native tendency to exaggerate their own talents, so many executives believe they are above average in their endowment of positive traits and abilities. This is amplified by the tendency to misperceive causes of certain events. People tend to take credit for positive outcomes and attribute negative outcomes to external factors. A study of letters to shareholders in annual reports, for example, found that executives tend to attribute favourable outcomes to factors under their control, like corporate strategy or R&D programmes. Unfavourable outcomes were more likely to be attributed to uncontrollable external factors like the weather or inflation. People also tend to exaggerate the control we have over events, discounting the role of luck. The illusion of control Managers explicitly deny the role of chance in affecting the outcome of their plans. They see risk as a challenge to be met by their skills, and believe that results are determined purely by actions they and their organisation have taken. In making forecasts, they therefore tend to ignore or downplay the possibility of random, uncontrollable occurrences that may impede their progress towards a goal. In making forecasts about a project, executives and their subordinates typically have a preliminary plan drawn up by whomever proposed the initiative, which is then adjusted based on market research, financial analysis or their own professional judgement, before deciding on how to proceed. This process has some serious pitfalls, however. The initial plan tends to accentuate the positive because as a proposal, it was designed to make the case for the project as compelling as possible, thus skewing the subsequent analysis towards over-optimism. Anchoring can be especially pernicious when it comes to forecasting the costs of major capital projects. Executives often fail to build in enough contingency funds to cover overruns because they are anchored to their original cost estimates and do not sufficiently adjust them to account for possible delays, problems and expansions of project scope. A study by Rand Corporation found that the construction costs of 44 chemical-processing plants owned by major companies such as 3M, DuPont and Texaco are, on average, more than double the initial estimates. Furthermore, about half produced less than 75% of their design capacity and a quarter produced less than 50%. Most plants had their performance expectations permanently lowered and the owners never realised a return on their investments. In making forecasts, executives tend to focus on their own company's capabilities and plans and are thus prone to neglect the potential abilities and actions of rivals. Again, this results in underestimation of negative events such as price wars, overcapacity etc. This is particularly destructive in ventures to enter new markets. When a company identifies a rapidly growing market well suited to its products and capabilities, it often rushes to gain a beachhead in it, investing heavily in production capacity and marketing. However, attractive pro forma forecasts of financial results that motivate this expansion rarely account for other competitors also targeting the same market. As all these companies invest at the same time, supply outstrips demand and the new market quickly becomes unprofitable. Each firm has a limited amount of time and capital to be invested into new projects. There is intense competition for this time and money as individuals and units jockey to present their own proposals as being the most potentially lucrative. There are thus large incentives for these individuals and units to accentuate the positives in predicting outcomes. As a result, it ensures that forecasts used in planning are overoptimistic (which later distorts all further analysis). Also, it increases the odds that the projects chosen for investment are the ones with the most over-optimistic forecasts, and hence the highest probability of disappointment. Other organisational practices also encourage over-optimism. For example, senior executives tend to stress the importance of stretch goals for their business units. This may increase motivation, but it also leads to unit managers further skewing their forecasts towards improbably rosy outcomes. Additionally, organisations may discourage pessimism, which is perceived as disloyalty. Other employees shun the bearer of bad news. Suppressing pessimistic opinions while rewarding optimistic ones will cripple an organisation's ability to think critically and analyse objectively. The Machiavelli factor is defined by Flybjerg in his review of Lovallo and Kahneman's work in 2003 as the deliberate "cooking" of forecasts in order to get ventures started. Flyjberg opines that adjusting forecasts due to political pressures can hardly be called optimism or a fallacy – deliberate deception would be more accurate. He believes that Lovallo and Kahneman's analysis of the planning fallacy is valid only when political pressures are insignificant. In his study of bias in cost and demand forecasting in capital-investment transport projects, he found strong evidence of substantial political pressures on executives to make rosy forecasts – and minor penalties for having made them. The study covered 7 decades, and in that time span, forecasters made constant errors of the same magnitude and frequency, leading to repeated cost overruns and demand failures. For example, urban rail investments had average cost overruns of 45% in constant prices and demand was 50% lower than predicted. He found similar patterns in date for other types of investments. Over-optimism is responsible for this phenomenon only if inexperienced forecasters were involved. Given that humans can, and do, learn from experience, however, it is unlikely that forecasters continually make the same errors for so many years. Over time, forecasters should have learnt to avoid being over-optimistic and accuracy of cost and demand estimates should improve. His data, however, shows that this has not happened. After testing his data for technical, economic, psychological and political factors that may induce bias in forecasting, Flyvberg concluded that political explanations fit best. If indeed executives are purposely cooking their estimates due to organisational pressure, they will have little incentive to accept the outside view. Dogma, ritual and specialisation There are perils associated with following a certain system, even a winning one, for too long. Clear commitments are required for initial success, but these commitments harden with time and ultimately constrain a firm's ability to adapt when its competitive environment shifts. As the market environment evolves, the fresh competitive formula that led to a firm's initial success instead becomes a rigid set of rules that dictate and confine their strategies. This dynamic can lead good firms to go bad, even when executives avoid arrogance and complacency. To win in the market, executives must make a set of commitments that together constitute the organisation's success formula. A distinctive success formula focuses employees, confers efficiency, attracts resources, and differentiates the company from rivals. Five categories of commitments comprise the success formula: - Strategic frames: What we see when we look at the world, including definition of industry, relevant competitors and how to create value. - Processes: How we do things around here entailing both informal and formal routines. - Resources: Tangible and intangible assets that we control which help us compete, such as brand, technology, real estate, expertise, etc. - Relationships: Established links with external stakeholders including investors, technology partners or distributors - Values: Beliefs that inspire, unify and identify us. Although commitments are essential for
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بالاتر است اما باید گفت قوانین لحظهای صادرات، پاشنه آشیل توسعه فولادهای با ارزش افزوده بالا است. دکتر احسان دشتیانه افزود: در تولید فولادهای با ارزش افزوده بالا باید نگاهمان به بازارهای صادراتی باشد. وی الزامات این مهم را دانش فنی، نیروی انسانی متخصص، دسترسی به انرژی، توجه به زنجیره فولاد و توجه به مناطق جغرافیایی برشمرد. دشتیانه بیان داشت: در آینده بیشترین منطقه مصرف فولاد در جنوب شرق آسیا خواهد بود که تاکنون تحت تاثیر تحریمها نبوده است. برای عضویت در کانال رصد روز کلیک کنید 来到东京,最重要的一点就是感受日本现代文化。日本古代主要是受到中国唐文化的影响,包括宗教主流的宗及其分支流派,其实都是唐时期所谓中华第二帝国的产物。所以说,日本的传统文化虽说自成体系,但在中国人看来,却的确是依稀仿佛“似曾相识”。而在东京,这样的氛围却一点儿也不浓烈,且不说天皇的居所,风格可谓土不土、洋不洋、古不古、今不今,就说皇居周围那一现代化高楼-大厦,就显不出任何历史传统。作为亚洲最早实现现代化的国家,日本的现代文化,在很长一段时间内都是亚洲其他民族学习与仿效的对象,包括中国在内,在近三十年来的发展中,我们的众多“老师”里,绝不会缺少日本。 昔日的炮台台场就是这诸多现代化建筑群中的典型之作。台场在日语里又称御台场(お台場,Odaiba),也就是抵御外敌的炮台场。东京湾位于东京城的东面,面向大海,是东京天然的陆上屏障。十九世纪中叶,美国人打破日本闭关锁国的政策,在神奈川的浦贺登陆,为了抵御海上的侵袭,当时掌权的江户幕府于1853年在东京湾外修筑炮台,台场在日语里的本意,就是“岛上的炮台”。 台场远眺东京和彩虹大桥全景日本明治维新及工业化后,成为一个对外扩张的军事强国,本来用于防御的台场反而渐渐失去了它的军事作用,台场在二战后期,曾经一度变成垃圾掩埋场。原先计划修成的十一座炮台,实际上也只完成了五座,分别称为第一、第二、第三、第五和第六台场。战后,第一、第二和第五台场又为了建设的需要,先后被拆除,只剩下了今天的台场海滨公园所在的第三台场,和很少有人能问津的第六台场。 今天看来,台场其实就是东京湾上人造的岛,1993年彩虹大桥建成,使得台场与东京市区相连,日本富士电视台总部大楼(フジテレビ本社屋)迁到台场上,更使得这里成为许多日剧的拍摄背景,高楼、商场、公园、摩天轮,这些具有地标性意义的现代化建筑,逐渐成为东京,乃至当代日本的象征。 我们乘坐旅行大巴来到台场,主要的目的地,一是第一天的午餐,二是台场海滨公园周边游玩,三是DiverCity以及周边的购物。一般跟团游客,也都喜欢来到这里,好好消费一番。 按照计划,我们在台场的活动时间不少于四个小时,但实际上加上吃自助餐的时间,也只有三个半小时多一点。具体的分配是,自助餐半小时左右,台场海滨公园及周边两个小时,DiverCity购物一个多小时,玩、购、食的比例是4:2:1,还算是合理。 海洋城内各种精致的日本纪念品吃自助餐的台场海洋城(AquaCityOdaiba)本身也是个购物娱乐的场所,并且正对东京湾和彩虹大桥,海滨公园缩微版自由女神像,也就在海洋城的对面。买日本旅游纪念品的话,这里是个不错的场所,不过价格不算便宜。 海滨的自由女神像,合影的人颇多,不过我既然见过正版的,也就对兴致索然,不过在东京湾前的高台上凭栏沐风,倒是一种很心爽的体验。 在沙滩上涂的日本姑娘们吃完中式(在日本吃中式快餐,感觉怪怪的,好处是大家容易适应,算是逐渐进入状态吧)的自助餐,同事们便一同去海滨公园闲逛。东京湾没有什么特别的海洋气氛,随处可见的日本小姑娘们,倒是一道亮丽的风景线,她们大多穿着典型的日式校服,白色衬衫,深蓝色外套、短裙、白长筒袜,是常见的搭配,偶尔也会见到一些长发飘飘的风衣女孩,可能就是那种日剧中的女神风格吧。这些女孩子给我的最大印象,是她们实在太喜欢自拍了...... 樱花的季节还没有到,台场海滨盛开的花朵,应该是桃花 台场DiverCity门口的高达机器人,高达18米,是台场地区的另一道风景线。这座威武的机器人每天还会定时抬头喷雾,是众多Transformer粉的最爱。以下省去台场本处购物细节若干,主要原因是,价格远没有后来去的新宿和心桥便宜,当然,好东西可能也多,但我没怎么逛到。 本文由飞猪签约达人 游多多 提供,未经授权,不得转载! Did the Missouri Compromise stop the spread of slavery? Though the Missouri Compromise managed to keep the peace—for the moment—it failed to resolve the pressing question of slavery and its place in the nation’s future. Did the Missouri Compromise settled the issue of slavery in the western territories? The compromise divided the lands of the Louisiana Purchase into two parts. Slavery would be allowed south of latitude 36 degrees 30′. But north of that line, slavery would be forbidden, except in the new state of Missouri. What did the Missouri Compromise decide with respect to slavery and westward expansion? What did the Missouri Compromise decide with respect to slavery and westward expansion? B. It established a border (alone the 36’30’ line of latitude) to determine which states would allow slavery and which would not. What did the Missouri Compromise have to do with slavery? Jesse B. Thomas of Illinois then added an amendment that allowed Missouri to become a slave state but banned slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase north of latitude 36°30′. Henry Clay then skillfully led the forces of compromise, engineering separate votes on the controversial measures. What did the Missouri Compromise do for the north? The Missouri Compromise was a United States federal legislation that compromised northern attempts to completely prohibit slavery’s expansion by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state in exchange for legislation which prohibited slavery in those remaining Louisiana Purchase lands north of the 36° What was the result of the Missouri Compromise? Enacted in 1820 to maintain the balance of power in Congress, the Missouri Compromise admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. What compromise did the north and South agree on in regards to slavery? Three-fifths compromise, compromise agreement between delegates from the Northern and the Southern states at the United States Constitutional Convention (1787) that three-fifths of the slave population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives. Why was the Missouri Compromise Necessary? Why was the Compromise necessary? It was needed because if Missouri became a state then the south would hold majority voting in the south and thus off setting the senate. When did Missouri abolish slavery? January 11, 1865 Passed on January 11, 1865, the ordinance abolished slavery in Missouri; only four delegates voted against it. This document is significant in the state’s history because it was approved three weeks before the United States Congress proposed the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Why did the North want to stop the spread of slavery? The northern determination to contain slavery in the South and to prevent its spread into the western territories was a part of the effort to preserve civil rights and free labor in the nation’s future. What effect did the compromise have on relations between the North and South? What effect did the Compromise have on relations between the North and South? The Compromise of 1850 provided a temporary solution to the issue of extended slavery to the territories but also resulted in conflict between the North and the South over the issue of states’ rights. Why did the northern states want to abolish slavery? The North wanted to block the spread of slavery. They were also concerned that an extra slave state would give the South a political advantage. The South thought new states should be free to allow slavery if they wanted. as furious they did not want slavery to spread and the North to have an advantage in the US senate. How did westward expansion affect the Missouri Compromise? As the nation expanded westward, the Congress adopted relatively liberal procedures by which western territories could organize and join the union as full-fledged states. Southern slaveholders, eager to replicate their plantation system in the West, wanted to keep the new territories open to slavery. How did the Missouri Compromise affect the expansion of slavery into western territories quizlet? The Missouri Compromise (1820) prohibited slavery in most of the former Louisiana Territory except for Missouri. Specifically, it prohibited slavery above 36°30’N. This was meant to prevent slavery from being an issue as new states was added, but this would not be the case. How did the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850 allow slavery to continue within the United States check all that apply? The Missouri Compromise allowed newly admitted states to be slave states, depending on their location. The Compromise of 1850 allowed the citizens of Utah and New Mexico to vote on their state’s laws about slavery. How did the Compromise of 1850 attempt to address the issue of the expansion of slavery? As part of the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act was amended and the slave trade in Washington, D.C., was abolished. Furthermore, California entered the Union as a free state and a territorial government was created in Utah. What impact did the Compromise of 1850 have on the settlement of the West? It admitted California as a free state, left Utah and New Mexico to decide for themselves whether to be a slave state or a free state, defined a new Texas-New Mexico boundary, and made it easier for slaveowners to recover runways under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. What was the problem with the Compromise of 1850? Of all the bills that made up the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act was the most controversial. It required citizens to assist in the recovery of fugitive slaves. It denied a fugitive’s right to a jury trial. Speaker for the Dead Speaker for the Dead Introduction In a Nutshell Speaker for the Dead is about aliens. Now these aren't evil aliens who want to eat you or enslave you so you have to shoot them with large guns like in Aliens the movie, nor are these friendly helpful aliens who work with humans to fight the bad guys and save the whales as in Star Trek or Star Wars. Instead, these aliens are somewhere in the middle. Not good, not bad, just different—the way people and cultures are different. The drama of the book, therefore, isn't in defeating the aliens, or in joining with the aliens to defeat someone else, but in trying to figure out how to live with aliens who aren't like you. With the buggers in Ender's Game (the novel which comes before this one), alien contact resulted in xenocide. With Jane—the spontaneously generated artificial intelligence—alien contact with Ender results in something like love. With the piggies, contact ends up somewhere in between—not murder, not love, but a wary exchange and negotiation which begins with a scientific anthropological cataloguing and ends with a treaty. As Ender says of the piggies, "We didn't come here to attack them at the root of their lives... We came here to find a way to share a world with them." (17.176) Aliens, then, are like people—not because they're exactly the same as humans, but because they aren't. Humans, after all, aren't all exactly the same. Ender is separated from the Catholic/Portuguese people of Lusitania by differences in religion, language, culture, and past. He has to observe and negotiate with the Lusitanians just as he does with the piggies. And for that matter, you're an alien too, observing and negotiating with Ender as you read, just like all those bugs and pigs and computers do. In Speaker for the Dead, everyone—in the book and outside—is united in their alienness, even if some are greener and more tentacly than others. Speaker for the Dead was first published in 1986. It's a sequel to Orson Scott Card's most famous novel Ender's Game, though you don't need to have read that to make sense of this. Speaker won the two biggest fanciest sci-fi awards, the Nebula and the Hugo, in 1986 and 1987 respectively, and it was made into a graphic novel in 2010. It is followed by two direct sequels, Xenocide and Children of the Mind, so feel free to fall in love while you read—there's plenty more where this came from. Why Should I Care? Speaker for the Dead is all about caring. That's a Speaker for the Dead's job, after all—to professionally care. Their task, you see, is to tell the story of a person's life, and in order to tell that story, the Speaker has to understand a person completely, even more fully than the person might understand themself. Speakers are geniuses of empathy, and Ender—as the first speaker—is the king genius. "Will [Ender] always come between us?" Novinha asks her daughter, and Ela responds, "Yes... like a bridge he'll come between us, not a wall" (16.129-130). Ender is a living embodiment of empathy, so much so that even mother and daughter need him—a relative stranger—to connect them so they can care about each other. Ender's caring is not just for the mothers and daughters in the novel though; it's for you too. As Shmoop talks about in the "What's Up With the Title?" section, "Speaker for the Dead" refers not just to Ender, but also to Card—the author—himself. Having empathy for others and telling their stories is both Ender and Card's business, and just as Ender teaches Novinha and Ela to care for one another, so Card is teaching you to care for others—both the characters in the book and, presumably, people in the real world too. In speaking for the Hive Queen, the piggies, and, especially, perhaps, for the abusive husband Marcao, Ender is teaching you (yes, you there) how to care. Novels are often seen as engines of empathy; there are even scientific studies that suggest that reading (or at least reading certain books) makes people better able to relate to and understand others. Speaker takes that insight and runs with it. "I think you can't possibly know the truth about somebody unless you love them" (16.122), Ela says. Understanding and love go together, and both are found in narrative; you read about the piggies and Jane and Ender and so you love them and understand them. And not only do you love and understand them, but you become them a bit, just as Novinha declares that in reading The Hive Queen, she becomes the Hive Queen (1.160-162). To tell another's story is to blur the boundaries between self and other, to obliterate difference in a wash of love. The feeling that you can be anybody is a rush. To be Lady Gaga, just read about Lady Gaga; to be Justin Bieber, just read about Justin Bieber—to be both at once, read about both at once, and be somewhat confused, but rich and famous nonetheless. Just so, Novinha is thrilled in her sense that she is the Hive Queen. She has read the celebrity royal bug story, and she is empowered. But, at the same time—is she really the Hive Queen? Are you? Do you really understand what it's like to be a beaten wife because Ender tells Novinha's story? Empathy is seductive, and for Ender, empathy is a kind of power. For example, when this snot-nosed kid Stryka suggests that Ender's act in destroying all the buggers was evil, Ender dismisses him because he knows Stryka better than Stryka knows himself (2.26). Ender knows everyone, but nobody knows Ender, which means Ender can judge everybody but nobody can judge Ender, even for the crime of genocide. If the book shows why caring is beautiful and powerful, then it also—perhaps inadvertently—suggests that caring can be an excuse. To claim that you understand someone better than they understand themselves, to speak for them, is to take away their self and replace it with your own. Ender's empathy is so exhaustively total that it can feel imperialist—like he's taking everyone over with the force of his sympathy. Does he (or Card) understand Marcao and Novinha, or does his speaking impose Card's truth on them, so that they become who he and Card want them to be? Speaker for the Dead is worth caring about both because it makes you care and because it raises the uncomfortable possibility that caring can be a weapon. For the six weeks leading up to Christmas, I’ll be surveying the Old Testament. From creation and the fall of man to the prophets anticipation, the entire Old Testament points to the coming of Christ. The rest of this year we will accomplish two things: 1) Teach a very brief history of the Old Testament and 2) demonstrate how every
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事件后,她说自己完全没有了对丈夫的恐惧。过去一个星期,他们有了生活中最好的时光。 这发生在一个没有受过教育,也没有很大的理解力,但是对教导有简单的了解,并非常有系统地应用在自己身上的人。 因此,你必须明白一个事实,你创造了这个影像,你激怒了对方,对方也激怒了你,但是我们不必担心对方,我们可以从自己开始。如果你知道这样做有利益,你就会这么做,就像一个精明的生意人。 如果你这么做时,你就会开始获得。这位女士与她丈夫不再有问题,至少在过去的一个星期中。她在巨大的喜悦中,一切对她而言都非常好。 她了解有很多可以获得,当恐惧突然出现时,她持续地觉知到恐惧。在她觉知到恐惧的那一刻,恐惧就消失了,似乎根本没有任何问题存在。 所以你要做的是,你必须了解你正在创造这些东西,这称为智慧的觉醒( awaken up intelligence )。假设你想接近动物园的狮子或老虎,你会怎么做呢?你会逃离老虎或狮子。 我知道在印度以及在西方国家中有家庭,他们会与狮子和老虎嬉戏。不是他们养大的狮子与老虎,就是立即与狮子和老虎嬉戏。这些人是怎么做的?他们因为某些原因完全不害怕这些动物,当你不害怕时,动物就不会扑向你。 印度的 Ramana Maharshi (拉玛那),你一定听说过他,他经常接触豹子,有时甚至是老虎,据说他会与眼镜蛇和蛇在一起,他从来没有受过伤害。但是他会与人们保持 15 英尺的距离,当人们跨越了 15 英尺的界线,动物会就会攻击他们。 因此如果他们害怕动物的话,所有人都被要求保持距离。同样地,我们创造了这一切,你可以迅速地看一下自己,看见相关性。在他人被激怒,做出不良行为前,你内在发生了什么。你将看见很多的利益,这不需要任何的努力。 你可以看到这样对你是不是有任何的帮助,它造成损失或利益。如果你可以清楚看见没有任何利益,那就放下它。如果你看见有利益,那就紧抓着它。你必须依据损失或利益来看见它。 如果你像这个农村妇女那样看见它,那它就会非常容易。你浪费了许多的时间,你挣扎着,觉得它很困难,但其实并非如此。回家改正问题。如果你可以看见利益或损失,这就完成了。我会帮助你,给予你祝福,下次将它写下来。 【视频】当你成为真实,将被生命所照顾 https://v.qq.com/x/page/j0301x8t16k.html Dalla Scuola Il piatto vuoto della ricerca di smiler (Medie Superiori) scritto il 21.03.16 Le statistiche collocano ancora l'Italia al settimo posto tra le economie del pianeta, ma al ventisettesimo per gli investimenti in ricerca ed addirittura al trentacinquesimo per numero di ricercatori. Negli anni 2008-2015, quando cioè la crisi ha colpito così duramente la nostra economia, si è andato allargando il ritardo accumulato nel terreno della ricerca scientifica rispetto ai Paesi avanzati: in questo periodo, la spesa pubblica in ricerca è diminuita, così come quella per le università dove, contemporaneamente, è calato il numero di docenti e di studenti. E' successo esattamente il contrario di quello che molti economisti consigliano in tempo di crisi: investire in innovazione, creare nuove idee e applicarle ai processi produttivi; in sintesi, spendere più risorse pubbliche in ricerca. Il nostro governo, invece, ha abolito alcune tasse impopolari come l'Imu, ma non ha destinato più fondi alla ricerca scientifica, che dovrebbe garantirci il futuro. Ogni giorno assistiamo ad accesi dibattiti sul perché la ripresa economica dell'Italia stenti a partire e il nostro Pil non cresca. Ognuno propone una soluzione diversa a seconda dell'orientamento politico di appartenenza: chi ritiene utile tagliare la spesa pubblica, chi propone una maggiore integrazione europea e chi, al contrario, suggerisce l'uscita dell'Italia dall'Unione Europea. La ricetta giusta per rimettere in moto la nostra economia potrebbe semplicemente consistere nell'aumentare la spesa per la ricerca scientifica e per i progetti migliori e più innovativi. In questo modo, potremmo da una parte evitare la fuga dei cervelli all'estero, dove i nostri studiosi sono molto apprezzati per la creatività e la preparazione, dall'altra stimolare la ripresa economica nell'immediato e, soprattutto, innescare meccanismi virtuosi di crescita per l'avvenire. 优德中文版官方网站 但是,我们不能因为少数大学生造假,就彻底否定实习的意义,更应该从实习组织和监管上找到解决对策,否则,这无异于将“孩子和脏水一同倒掉”。 在冲绳的珊浮潜要特别注意安全,经常会遇到如海龟、海蛇、水母等具有危险性的动物。 Copyright ? 2010-2017 优德中文网版权所有. 有一个问题常常在投票季节询问,“我为什么要投票?” 我的回答是:任何有能力投票的人应该注册投票。 最近我有机会在这里与Servicemembers及其家人见面,并在这里在交换,委员会和既有用餐设施进行人口普查。在向他们谈论并询问他们对投票权的意识时,我收到了各种答复;但是,我有点关注以下答案: “我现在没有时间,”一名士兵说。 “我准备进入这个领域几天,这将需要太多时间来注册。” 另一个士兵评论道,“为什么我应该注册投票,我的投票不算数!” 最令人惊的反应来自一个家庭成员,谁说,“即使我不是注册选民,我们不应该让每个人都有权利,只是那些了解这个过程的权利。” 随着信息收集的信息,我更了解如何接近受众以及鼓励Servicemembers及其家属对投票的重要性。我的消息传递竞选解释了所建立的指令,以允许服务员和他们的家人无论在世界上都有机会投票。 我也开始分享真正有动力的士兵的经验。特别是一个最近成为美国公民的士兵。士兵解释了他和他的家人困难,漫长的旅程来到这个国家 - 并成为美国公民 - 鼓励他投票;他还表示,大多数美国公民真的不了解自己的自由,并通过不投票来理解他们的公民自由。分享士兵的遗后,它给了一些人对表决的重要性和原因的不同视角。 作为安装选民援助官,我是非党派,并鼓励您至少注册投票 - 即使您还没有决定在今年11月的总统大选中投票。这是简单易于登记的www.fvap.gov。网站解释并分解了如何在每个州注册投票。 按照陆军监管608-20,陆军投票援助方案,各单位任命了一个单位投票援助人员(Uvao),他们可以帮助ServiceMembers及其家庭,其中有问题和关注他们可能对注册过程有关。 由于每种国家都有不同的时间表来注册投票,这是一个很重要的是,服务和他们的家人尽快咨询Uvao,或者我。 我的办公室位于106号堡的114室,位于Irwin镇中心附近的前台校区。我可以在380-3498或通过在david.a[email protected]的电子邮件发送电子邮件。 اَستون مارتین دی بی اِس دی بی اس را می توان به نوعی پرچمدار خودروهای کوپه استون مارتین محسوب کرد. بدنه این خوردو از ترکیب آلومینیوم و فیبر کربن ساخته شده که بر روی شاسی آلومینیومی آن سوار شده است. دی بی اس از یک موتور 6 لیتری وی12 با قدرت 510 اسب بخار بهره برده و حداکثر سرعتی برابر با 191 مایل بر ساعت دارد. از این خودرو در فیلم های کازینو رویال و کوانتوم آو سُلاس که از سری فیلم های سینمایی جدید مامور 007 محسوب می شوند، استفاده شده است. با تشکر I cani, ritenuti animali più socievoli, ne hanno circa 27 Chi dice che i gatti non sono animali socievoli si sbaglia e a dimostrarlo è uno studio il quale evidenzia il loro modo di comunicare tramite circa 276 espressioni facciali con molta probabilità sviluppate negli oltre 10.000 anni di convivenza con l’essere umano. La ricerca, pubblicata sulla rivista Behavioural Processes, è stata condotta da due ricercatrici dell’Università della California a Los Angeles, le quali hanno analizzato i video registrati in un CatCafè, locale in cui i clienti possono interagire con moltissimi felini. L’idea è stata di Lauren Scott, studentessa di medicina che per un anno accademico ha ripreso tramite video le espressioni facciali che i gatti del CatCafè facevano ai loro simili in mancanza degli umani quando il locale non era aperto. L’esperimento ha dato origine a 194 minuti di videoregistrazioni, che la ricercatrice ha esaminato grazie all’aiuto della psicologa evoluzionista Brittany Florkiewicz provando a codificare i movimenti dei muscoli facciali dei felini, lasciando fuori quelli che erano legati alla masticazione, alla respirazione, allo sbadiglio e ad altre azioni simili. Ma cosa è emerso? È uscito fuori che i gatti possiedono 276 espressioni facciali differenti, molte più di quelle che si erano ipotizzato fino ad adesso. Ogni espressione combina circa quattro dei 26 movimenti facciali unici di cui i gatti sono capaci. Tra questi: la mascella abbassata, le labbra socchiuse, i battiti di ciglia, le pupille dilatate o ristrette, le leccate del naso, i baffi protratti o retratti e anche molte posizioni delle orecchie. Rispetto agli esseri umani, i felini hanno 44 movimenti facciali unici, mentre i cani ne hanno soltanto 27. Il maggior numero di espressioni dei gatti filmate nel corso dello studio erano amichevoli (45%) o aggressive (37%), mentre il restante 18% era ambiguo. Non è molto chiaro ciò che le espressioni feline stiano a significare: di solito i gatti tendono a muovere le orecchie e i baffi verso un altro gatto durante le interazioni amichevoli e ad allontanarli nelle interazioni ostili in cui possono restringere le pupille e leccarsi le labbra. di: Alice GEMMA FOTO: PIXABAY — "Sturgie" is biding his time, waiting to be introduced to the right female. Caught off Hooper's Island five years ago, the hulking six-foot Atlantic sturgeon passes his days lolling about in a large tank at the University of Maryland's Horn Point Environmental Laboratory near Cambridge. Scientists have been experimenting with him and dozens of other sturgeon here, trying to unlock the secrets of breeding them in captivity and ultimately restore a big, ancient fish that's virtually vanished from Maryland waters. It's been slow going, in part because Atlantic sturgeon, which have been around for 120 million years or so, take more than a decade to reach sexual maturity, and they don't spawn every year. There have been only two chances so far, but no young fish. "We knew coming in it was going to be a very long-term commitment," said Erin Markin, a faculty research assistant who oversees the lab's sturgeon work. But now the 9-year-old restocking effort faces a new, possibly insurmountable, challenge — the federal government recently declared that the Chesapeake's depleted population of the fish is endangered, meaning any efforts to handle or work with them just got tangled up in more red tape. "It's not looking terribly promising," said Steve Minkkinen, sturgeon recovery project leader for the Maryland Fishery Resources Office of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. He questions whether state officials will have the patience or money to continue the quest in the face of strict federal regulation that comes with an endangered designation. Many conservationists hailed the announcement by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to put four of five East Coast populations of Atlantic sturgeon on the endangered species list. They believe the legal protection that comes with the listing will help shield a remarkable and once-abundant fish from further harm from fishing, dredging or other human activities. Overfishing is mainly what depleted Acipenser oxyrhynchus, though damming their spawning rivers and polluting the water didn't help. The entire coast once teemed with the big fish, which spawn in fresh water and range from Nova Scotia to Florida during a life that can span 60 years or maybe more. From colonial times, they were sought after by fishermen for their flavorful smoked meat, and especially the females for their roe, or eggs, which were prepared as the delicacy caviar. At one time, the Chesapeake Bay was second only to the Delaware River as North America's leading source of caviar, and 700,000 pounds of fish were reported caught in 1890, according to historical records. The bonanza was short-lived, as the baywide catch had plummeted to 22,000 pounds by the 1920s. Small numbers of sturgeon continued to be caught until a coastwide moratorium was imposed in 1998. No one knows how many Atlantic sturgeon remain in the bay. A remnant population apparently survived in Virginia's waters, and biologists have found a couple of less-than-year-old fish, evidence of spawning, in the James River. Though several dozen sturgeon — occasionally even more — turn up annually in fishing nets in Maryland, no little fish have been seen in the state for decades, leading scientists to believe they no longer breed here. Biologists tried stocking the Nanticoke River in 1996 with 3,000 juvenile Atlantic sturgeon that had been bred in a New York hatchery from fish caught in the Hudson River. But since then scientists have turned their efforts toward learning what sturgeon there are naturally in the bay, where they come from and what it'll take to get the fish to stay and reproduce successfully again in state rivers. After a few years of fruitlessly searching for the fish themselves, government biologists opted to encourage commercial fishermen to turn in any sturgeon they caught accidentally, so their location could be logged and the fish tagged for tracking. Fishermen have been paid $25 a piece for an immature fish to $250 for one six feet or longer. Since 1996, biologists have logged in about 2,000 Atlantic sturgeon caught in Maryland waters, most below the Bay Bridge. They're mostly immature fish and all tourists, it seems, as genetic analysis determined they're from Virginia, the Hudson and other rivers along the coast. They're apparently justpassing through, experts say. Like striped bass, shad and other anadromous fish, after spending time in the ocean they typically return to the river where they hatched in order to spawn in summer. "We wouldn't have any information at all on sturgeon in Maryland without the reward program," said Brian Richardson, who heads up sturgeon recovery efforts for the state Department of Natural Resources. The state can't afford the staff time needed to monitor for them, he said. Some of those netted fish have been kept for research and breeding, including a rare pair of mature females used in unsuccessful spawning attempts. But as of Thursday the rewards program will be terminated. Under the federal Endangered Species Act, it's illegal to catch, kill or harass protected animals, and any activity that involves capturing them and might accidentally harm one requires an "incidental take" permit. Officials say it's not clear yet what would be required to get federal approval to continue letting fishermen hold them for tagging, but fear it will be lengthy and costly to do so. Tom O'Connell, fisheries director for the state Department of Natural Resources, said officials tried to get one of those permits in 2000 to tag similar-looking shortnose sturgeons that fishermen also turn in under the reward program. But that species has long been classified as endangered, and O'Connell said the state gave up on seeking the permit after seven years. O'Connell said he's not optimistic about the state's ability to continue with the captive breeding and restocking effort either. Partners in that include the Fish and Wildlife Service, the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and GenOn, the Atlanta-based energy company that operates a sturgeon holding facility at its Chalk Point power plant on the Patuxent River in Prince George's County. With the energy company's generosity and limited public funds, it's added up to a multimillion-dollar investment over the past decade. The partnership has collected a couple hundred fish at four facilities, including state-run hatcheries in Oxford and in southern Maryland. Officials with NOAA's marine fisheries service said they would work with scientists to see that they could get the permits. But based on past experience, officials say they're not expecting quick action. "If it's going to take a year, longer probably, to determine if we can get a scientific research permit, is that something the state wants to continue making investments in?" O'Connell asked. "The budget situation is getting tighter and tighter every day, it seems." Kim Damon-Randall, supervisory biologist overseeing protected species in NOAA's Northeast regional fisheries office in Gloucester, Mass., said federal officials could work with state officials to secure a permit that would allow the reward program and subsequent research to continue. But she acknowledged it may need to be suspended until the permit could be processed. Conservationists acknowledge there may be more red tape for scientists. "There is additional paperwork that has to be done, but it's necessary paperwork to ultimately save the species," said Brad Sewell with the Natural Resources Defense Council, which petitioned NOAA to protect Atlantic sturgeon under the Endangered Species Act. David Secor, a fisheries ecologist with the University of Maryland's Chesapeake Biological Laboratory in Solomons, also acknowledge
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示着,魂灵伴侣之间的智识和认知水平是适当的——你们能够站在同一个高度考虑,也有才能充了解对方的表达。此外,“喜好相投”也是魂灵伴侣之间一个常见的标志。 这种精力性的联合不同于心境性联合。心境性联合是指咱们在一个人身边能够得到心境的劝慰,感觉愉快。咱们与一个人有心境性的联合,不必定意味着咱们与Ta之间有精力性联合(vice versa)。 而精力联合却是愈加可遇不可求的。这也是为什么,有一个人们常见的苦楚便是,和自己情感上最密切的人,或许也是彻底不能了解自己的人——咱们的爸爸妈妈,伴侣,友,等等。咱们不得不供认,精力上的联合,并不是经过“尽力”就能够取得的。但它也必定是需求尽力的便是了(后文会陈)。 内在2:爱的联合 假如咱们乐意将一个人称之为“魂灵伴侣”,必定怀着爱意。这种“爱”之中,包含了“深沉的恋”,“极致的爱情”和“朴实的祝愿”,但却不必定具有罗曼蒂克之爱中的性欲(假使两人正好也是罗曼蒂克联系的状况在外)。 和其他密切的联系类似,在咱们对魂灵伴侣的爱中,或许也会发作必定的竞争心与占有欲。咱们会介怀对方身边的其别人,尤其是那些看起来也能够与他们进行精力沟通的。由于,只需是对方在自己的国际里占有了一席方位(尤其是如此特别的方位),人总会期望取得与之匹配的位置——人们归根究竟仍是巴望相对相等的爱情。 但一同,魂灵伴侣之间并不具有那些更常见的、日子化的联系中的实际复杂性。比方,咱们若是将一个人视作自己的魂灵伴侣,咱们几乎不会去考虑名利、情面这样的实际要素。而这一点在大多数类型的联系中其实是很稀有的。 也正是由于在与魂灵伴侣的联系中,咱们很少会看到对方除了与自己精力上遥遥相对的那一面以外的实际日子。所以,和密切联系不同的是,咱们也不太会对魂灵伴侣发作太频频的“幻灭”感。当一种爱情能够坚持得很单一时,也往往有它的极致感。魂灵伴侣便是这样一种单一却极致的爱情。 别的,也由于互相身上的某种类似性,使得咱们对对方怀有一种与自身无关的“祝愿”的心境:尽管Ta的美好与我无关,但由于有着与自己类似的魂灵,会愈加真诚地期望Ta取得美好。 要注意的是,当人们在议论不存在规范界说的魂灵伴侣时,或许也更是一个值规模里议论。换言之,不同的人会把不同程度的联合称之为“魂灵伴侣”。这与人们自身的交际水平也是相关的。那些越是能轻易与别人到达精力性联合的人,或许会越不简单觉得自己遇到了魂灵伴侣。 *那,魂灵伴侣有什么功用呢? 在咱们每个人身上,都或多或少存在着难以描述的一面。假使它真的不被看见,咱们便会入难以添补的立与空无之中。这种空无来自于,咱们感到自己不是作为一个完好的“我”存在的,这是一种存在感上的扣头。 而只需当这个部分也被看见和互动,“存在”才变得活生生了——咱们才感触到实在确的自我存在。咱们真的躲避不了自身作为一个实在而完好的自己存在的需求。 从这一层意义上来说,魂灵伴侣是那个互相看见对方那隐秘的、不为人知的一面的人。这能够在很大程度上缓解咱们的存在主义立。别的,对另一个人在苹果电影-“我终其一生便是为了找到你” | 旧文回忆:魂灵伴侣真的存在吗?存在层面的激烈知道,也有或许带来哲学性的“狂喜”(ecstasy)的体会,这种体会的欣快感不亚于性快感。 在魂灵伴侣的相处里,这种高度共识的精力感触带来的“狂喜”经常呈现,这是一种美好而奢华的体会。 依据上文的论述,假如用“怀有深沉爱意的精力联合”来界说魂灵伴侣联系,它也与人们经常用魂灵伴侣来指代的梦想有许多不同。 若是你期望日子中真的有魂灵伴侣存在,你首先要承受以下3个现实: 1. 魂灵伴侣不必定是罗曼蒂克联系 寻既是魂灵伴侣,又是浪漫联系的目标,比仅仅具有“怀有爱意的精力链接”还要困难得多。 而现实上,只需满意智识匹配、小众喜好相投、或有其他共同的精力链接存在,同性之间(异性恋语境中)也能够发作怀有爱意的魂灵伴侣式的爱情。 2. 魂灵伴侣不是一即至、一步到位的 文首说到的柏拉图的故事,不是真的。现实上,没有突如其来的一个与你的魂灵丝丝入扣的魂灵存在,咱们也没有一个和自己如出一的“另一半”。 有个作者詹迪尼尔森从前写道:“遇见魂灵伴侣的感觉,就好像走进一座你从前住过的房子里——你知道那些家具,知道墙上的画,架上的书,抽里的东西:假如在这个房子里你入漆黑,你也依然能够自若地四处行走。” 这个状况是或许到达的,却不是一即至的。现实上,每个人的魂灵都是曲径通幽的漆黑迷宫。两个人一开端能够互相赏识和照射,却很难做到不支付任何时刻和尽力,就做到真实意义上了解对方。 一同,也不存在两个人能够毫不必支付尽力,就符合对方的各种需求。每一段持久、深化的魂灵伴侣的联系背面(就如同一切持久深苹果电影-“我终其一生便是为了找到你” | 旧文回忆:魂灵伴侣真的存在吗?化的联系相同),都有两个人为了解对方、满意对方需求支付的巨大的尽力、和隐忍的退让。 仅仅有时分,为魂灵伴侣(非恋人联系)退让好像比为恋人退让简单,由于你们对互相的日子介入不深、需求退让的时机不多,一同又对对方怀有一种“似乎是在爱着自己”的惜与祝愿,往往会在有限的时机和程度里,自动乐意抛弃自己的利益,期望让对方高兴。 3. 魂灵伴侣不是一种单向断定的联系 不是只需一个人十分了解你,你就能够说,“Ta是我的魂灵伴侣”。你也得满意Ta关于魂灵伴侣的需求。在我的工作和日子中,常常发现,那些单方面断定的、其实并不是互相匹配的“魂灵伴侣“之说是如此的多。 先来看一组咱们关于粉丝的访谈和调研成果: 假如用“怀有深沉爱意的精力链接”来界说魂灵伴侣: 在参加的431位粉丝中,有85.81%的人信任魂灵伴侣的存在; 在信任魂灵伴侣的人中,57.26%的人信任“魂灵伴侣和日子伴侣不必定是同一个人”。34.60%信任“自己现已具有了魂灵伴侣”。 经过粉丝们的答复,咱们发现咱们对魂灵伴侣的情绪分为两类: 第一类人以为,魂灵伴侣是一个相对独立的事情,它既能够与日子伴侣一同发作,也能够独自发作。 但当这些人被追问到怎样平衡日子伴侣与魂灵伴侣之间的联系时,他们流露出了不同的情绪。其中有一个粉丝的讲话十分逻辑完好,也很有代表性。Ta说:苹果电影-“我终其一生便是为了找到你” | 旧文回忆:魂灵伴侣真的存在吗? “最走运的当然是恰巧他们是同一个人。但这是一个小概率事情。假如他们是分隔的,你就得挑选日子伴侣更重要仍是魂灵伴侣更重要——这在人的纷歧起期或许也是不同的。年青、在校园里、玩伴许多的时分,会为了魂灵伴侣抛弃苹果电影-“我终其一生便是为了找到你” | 旧文回忆:魂灵伴侣真的存在吗?陪同在身边的人;但是进入社会一段时刻、变得立今后,会觉得魂灵的劝慰也无法添补日子的空缺。 另一个取决于你的日子伴侣的情绪。一般来说,假如魂灵伴侣不是自己的日子伴侣,他们一般不未亡人在线会干涉自己日子伴侣的挑选。但日子伴侣或许会介怀魂灵伴侣的存在。究竟人的爱情很难真的被类别区隔、无论是哪种爱情,终究都会涉及到‘谁更重要’的问题。 可假如日子伴侣是个满意老练的人,能够了解到,终身如此绵长,不或许仅靠两个人自己就能满意互相的悉数需求,或许也就不会介怀魂灵伴侣的存在。(当然,这个点上,咱们与魂灵伴侣之间是否存在“转化为罗曼蒂克联系”的或许,也有很大的影响)。 自己也不会扫除向日子伴侣隐秘,继续保持魂灵伴侣联系的或许。” 另一种人则坚决的人为,精力国际与情感国际的区隔历来都不或许边界清楚——它们永久交错在一同。他们以为,不该该有脱离魂灵伴侣特点的日子伴侣存在——差异或许仅仅两种特点在这个人身上所占有的份额不同。有个粉丝说: “咱们每个人都会遇到不止一个或许的伴侣的挑选,他们中有些人身上日子伴侣的特点多一点、有些人身上魂灵伴侣的特点多一点。你终究是去平衡自己想要什么、合适什么、以及遇到了什么。” 他们也以为,伴侣联系不止意味着权力,一同也意味着职责。或许仍有曾是“魂灵伴侣”的人存在,能够满意身边人无法满意的需求,但已然做出了许诺和挑选,就要做出一些放弃。 他们信任只需在同一个人身上去不断完成日子伴侣和魂灵伴侣的程度,才是美好应有的完成路途。 关于日子伴侣是否有必要是魂灵伴侣,以及人们有没有权力在日子伴侣之外、保持魂灵伴侣的联系,归根究竟或许仍是取决的每个人的“联系观”和“美好观”。 你乐意拥抱多少联系的复杂性,是你自在的挑选,没有对错之分。关于我自己而言,我仍是信任一个人即使在有伴侣的状况里,伴侣也不或许是这一时段里、对Ta来说仅有重要的人。那个国际过分神话梦想了,或许只存在于人生没有展开的青春期。 但关于这种重要性,你有许多种处理方式,坦白与伴侣评论是一种挑选——优点是你正与伴侣往魂灵伴侣的方向磨合,害处是会带来许多的对立、需求做出严重尽力的预备;静静放在心里,不去影响到当下的联系当然也是一种挑选——只需你真的深信这是对你和你伴侣的美好来说最好的事。 人们评论魂灵伴侣,或许仍是由于感触到自己在“存在”层面上的立。从这个角度上来看,有一个魂灵伴侣、有许多个魂灵伴侣、都苹果电影-“我终其一生便是为了找到你” | 旧文回忆:魂灵伴侣真的存在吗?是走运的事。 最终,有个粉丝问我,究竟要怎样找到魂灵伴侣?莫非只能看命吗?我说,是 。看命的基础上,乐意怀着开的心态继续研讨对方的魂灵。一个魂灵要深化另一个魂灵,谈何简单,或许不亚于雪地花开、赤足走过苍茫深海。即使现已很偶尔遇到了能够开端走这段路的人,也需求互相都投入时刻和精力。这过程中,要不断支付“信“的尽力——信也会让你在这个联系中有一种宗教性的体会,自身也会进步狂喜。 以上。 最终给各位广播一个重要音讯 KY文章出音频版啦!! 猛下方图片二维码 即可轻松收成心思学干货常识~ 查找文章/心思测验/招聘/转载/请菜单栏 Do you want to improve your English grammar? Then, you must watch this video! Finn and Alice explain how to talk about obligations in English using ‘have to’ and must’. 👉If you MUST do something, it is necessary for you to do it, but this is often your opinion or a rule that you have made yourself. 👉If you HAVE TO do something, it is necessary for you to do it. It’s a law, an obligation or a fact. You’ll find a quiz on our website: https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/lower-intermediate/unit-5/session-2 您现在的位置是:首页 > 威尼斯游戏网站52366 威尼斯游戏网站52366 2020-07-12威尼斯游戏网站5236670991人已围观 简介威尼斯游戏网站52366向用户提供包括大型多人在线角色扮演游戏、休闲游戏等多样化的网络游戏产品,欢迎新老用户注册登录体验! 威尼斯游戏网站52366打造拥有更专业的服务及更好的团队,诚邀各位玩家体验手机现金赌博游戏汇聚全世界最顶尖的游戏平台,我们致力于给玩家犹如亲临澳门般的体验.审美判断不涉及欲念和利害计较,所以有别于一般快感以及功利的和道德的活动,即不是一种实践活动;审美判断不涉及概念,所以有别于逻辑判断,即不是一种概念性认识活动;它不涉及明确的目的,所以与审目的判断有别,美并不等于(目的论中的)完善。一、节奏感。节奏是音乐、舞蹈和歌唱这些最原始也最普遍的三位一体的艺术所同具的一个要素。节奏不仅见于艺术作品,也见于人的生理活动。人体中呼吸、循环、运动等器官本身的自然的有规律的起伏流转就是节奏。人用他的感觉器官和运动器官去应付审美对象时,如果对象所表现的节奏符合生理的自然节奏,人就感到和谐和愉快,否则就感到“”或“失调”,就不愉快。例如听京戏或鼓书,如果演奏艺术高超,象过去的杨小楼和刘宝全那样,我们便觉得每个字音和每一拍的长短高低快慢都恰到好处,有“流转如弹丸”之妙。如果某句落掉一拍,或某板偏高或偏低,我们全身涵肉就仿佛突然受到一种不愉快的震撼,这就叫做节奏感。当然,悲剧与喜剧所引起的美感又不同。亚里士多德说,悲剧应引起恐惧和哀两种情感,这两种情感本来是不健康的,通过悲剧激活它们而使之得以“净化”或“发散”。这一说法演变到后来就成了心理分析派弗洛伊德的“欲望升华”或“发散治疗”说。关于喜剧,亚里士多德首先把丑与可笑性作为审美范提出,但没有说明喜剧令人发笑的原因。霍布士提出“突然荣耀感”说,认为喜剧所以引人发笑,是因为突然萌发的个人荣耀感,觉得自己比别人强,现在比过去强。柏格森认为笑与喜剧都起源于“生命的机械化”,生命本来应富有弹性,能随机应变;生命机械化,就走向反面,成为人们的笑料。但笑是一种惩罚,也是一种警告,使可笑的人觉得自己,加以改正。由于笑有实用目的,所以它引起的美感不是纯粹的。 在谈到象巴尔扎克、屠格夫、托尔斯泰、果戈理......这些古典作家时,我们就很难完全正确地说话出——他们到底是浪漫主义者,不审现实主义者。在伟大的艺术家们身上,现实主义和浪漫主义好象永远是结合在一起的。(注:高尔基:《论文学》,第163页,人民文学出版社1978年版。)恩格斯还根据达尔文的生长关联律,证明手不是孤立的,手的改变也引起脚和其它器官的改变。人脚能直众,行功更方便,人的眼界也扩大了,在自然事物中不断发见新的属性了。劳动的发展必然促进人与人的互助协作,“到了彼此间有些什么非说不可了”,这就产生了语言的器官。语言是从劳动中并和劳动一起产生出来的。不但人,就连某些动物 (如鸟),也能学会一种语言,从此就获得“依恋、感谢等等表现情感的能力”了。“首先是劳动,然后是语言和劳动一起,
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据并非来自于尘封的档案,是来自这片士兵们战斗过并为之牲的土地。在8个多月的时间里,我们一直在弗兰德斯的迈西尼斯,参加一次最大的一战考古挖掘,发掘那些象征一战恐怖的堡和战。我们发掘在这里战斗过的战士的故事,包括年轻的阿道夫·希特勒。 یک سخن شناس مشهور یونانی اندر نیمه دوم مائه 2 قبل از میلاد زندگی می کرد. در طول سفرهایش دیدارهایی دوباره يافتن و گم كردن معجزات متعلق به سبع عجایب دنیای كهن را دید. این شامل معبد Artemis است که در حال مرتب در نزدیکی ویرانه های باستانی افسس، تو Selcuk تو سواحل اقیانوس سكون بردبار ترکیه است. معبد یونانی، همچنین به عبادتخانه دیانا مشهور است، به نازش الهه باروری آرتمیس آفريننده شده است و حتي زمان نابودی نهایی متعلق در سنه پايه 401 بازسازی شد. مورخان اعلان می دهند که 800 دانشپايه طول عمر بعد، باقی تتمه از عبادتخانه نمی تواند ريح یافت و مردم محلی هیچ چیز پيدا كردن وجود آن را نمی دانستند. تاریخ دم را فراموش کرده بود. در دوازده ماه) 1869، عملیاتی که توسط گيوه بریتانیا تامین می شد، آذرگاه گمشده يكدلي حفاری نه را حتي سال 1874 کشف کرد. تو طی حين زمان، بیشتر مصنوعات از کشور حذف شدند صفا اکنون اندر موزه لندن بریتانیا تحكيم دارند. این داستان شوربا توجه نفع عليه و له روي بالا و اینکه شما وا آن گفتار می کنید ناآشنا دگرگون است، این که آیا آثاری که قاچاق شده اند پاكي یا جواز کامل توسط نيكبختي کاملا عاری از ازكارافتاده و بی عدالتی عثمانی بود. تور ترکیه بازدید از آتشكده آرتمیس به هر حال، آنتیپاتر سیدون آش دیدار ... "من روی دیوار اهتزاز بابل که آغوش روی لحظه جاده گاري ها است، و نقش پيكر تنديس زئوس وساطت آلپوس، و ضياع های آویزان اخلاص غروب خورشید، يكدلي کار عظیمی از اهرام های بالا، و تربت گسترده Mausolus؛ اما زمانی که من آپارتمان آرتمیس را دیدم که به ابرها مستقيم بود، این شگفتی های دیگر آسودگي ی خود را دوباره پيدا كردن دست دادند صميميت من گفتم: "خب، به جز Olympus، خورشید ازاصل چنین قدرتی ندید." کلمات من در طي بازدید ... "برای فاضلاب چیزی فورا برفراز اینجا آمده ام؟" حالا قبل پيدا كردن اینکه خود را از بی احترامی کردن ضلع سود تاریخ مستنطق کنم، دستور بدهید فايده شما چیزی مدال دهم. پهلو گفته مورخان، این بیشتر یا کمتر تصویر دقیق دوباره يافتن و گم كردن چگونگی نگاه آتشكده است. من وقت بیشتری را هزينه و دخل عکس گرفتن از لاک بنابرين ها، شناوري شنا كردن کردن اردک در زمین های باتلاق و لک لک های تنهایی کردم که نشيم ای بغل بالای استوانه تک آفريننده بود. بعد از اینکه دوربینم را بري کردم، یک نجیب قدیمی قدس نجیب فرزندان که سعی داشت سکه های جعلی را نفع عليه و له روي بالا و من بدهد برای 500 دلار، من را متوقف نخواهد کرد. گويا کن خشم من، به مورد بغاز از آنجایی که من فراموش کرده بودم که خود Xanax را بگیرم! شاید تاکید بیش دوباره به دست آوردن حد آغوش اهمیت سبع عجایب دنیای باستان گذاشت، منتها نمی توانستم فهمیدم که چون آري دنیای تاریخی به آتشكده باشکوه بازگشته است. من از گنجینه هایی که در زیر زمین كفن ودفن شده اند فکر کردم. من باز يافتن مصنوعاتی که کشف شده اند فکر کردم و نادیده ستاندن آن آسان بود. معبد آرتمیس تو Ephesus selcuk بوقلمون سپس مجله ترکیه مجله خبری هررییت نامه ای را گستردن سرايت کرد. کاوش ها مجددا در آتشگاه شروع می شدند زیرا شمار بازدیدکنندگان بسیار کم بود! بهتر دوباره به دست آوردن اواخر هرگز به عنوان آنها می گویند! بنابراین، اگر به طور مداوم باز يافتن ورودی رانندگی می کنید، از آتشخانه بازدید کنید، در غیر این روي یک مسیر مختص را ایجاد نکنید. آش این حال، من اندر دهه های آینده چال :صفت چاله های خود را ازبر كردن خواهم کرد. شاید یک روز، شما یک گردش اجمالی از شکوه سابق آذركده آرتمیس، که وساطت Antipater of Sidon در نظر نژند شده است، به آدرس یکی باز يافتن بهترین هفت عجایب دنیای باستانی است. God is Good We’re using the book “Handbook of Apologetics” by Peter Kreeft and Ronald Tacelli to go over the arguments for the existence of God. We will now begin covering the attributes of God. Dr. Kreeft teaches logic in two major universities, so his arguments tend to be clear, concise and very helpful. This week we’ll go over God is Good: To say that God is omniscient and omnipotent means that there can be no real barriers to God’s knowing or acting. Apart from himself, God has created everything there is to be known and sustains it in being. So is it conceivable that there is something he could not know or not have power over? It is impossible to think of something as thwarting God’s will, unless God himself allows the thwarting—as in the human free choice to sin. But that is a circumstance that requires omnipotence, and therefore is not an argument against it. Kreeft, P., & Tacelli, R. K. (1994). Handbook of Christian apologetics: hundreds of answers to crucial questions (p. 96). Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press. NBA - Ma i Lakers hanno davvero bisogno di rinforzarsi? In fin dei conti, davanti ai Lakers ci sono soltanto i Milwaukee Bucks, un gruppo dove ci sono tanti giocatori che stanno insieme da tanto tempo, se non da anni e che la coesione l'hanno raggiunta per gradi. Solo in agosto, invece, i losangelini erano un format in cerca d'autore, con due punti di riferimento come James e Davis di grandissimo spessore, per carità, ma con diverse conferme (Rondo) e diversi innesti (Howard) da mettere uno accanto all'altro come figurine Panini per trasformarli in squadra, e per giunta con un allenatore nuovo di pacca. Nel giro di due settimane i Clippers però hanno rinforzato il roster con Reggie Jackson e Marcus Morris mentre i texani dei Rockets hanno recuperato Robert Covington , Jeff Green e presto DeMarre Carroll. Tutti stanno aspettando, dopo la fine delle trade, il mercato dei buyout per sapere con chi si rinforzeranno i Lakers. Dal 1° marzo non si potrà aggiungere più alcun giocatore nuovo per i playoff. Ma i Lakers hanno davvero bisogno di rinforzarsi? Secondo Magic Johnson sarà necessario in vista di uno scontro in finale di Conference con i Clippers che salga sul proscenio un terzo marcatore dietro i due fuoriclasse - come potrebbe essere un Kyle Kuzma ritenuto però ancora troppo altalenante nel carattere e nelle prestazioni. I cugini accanto alla coppia titolare Leonard-George vedono uscire dalla panchina la coppia Harrell-Williams, mentre i Lakers soffrono quando LeBron James va a sedere. Perché anche a 35 anni, se James è in campo la sua squadra prende il sopravvento sui suoi avversari in media di 10,9 punti su 100 possessi. Ma non appena si riposa, non è più la stessa storia: i Lakers sono dominati di 2,9 punti su 100 possessi. Un male ricorrente in tutte le squadre di LeBron... Ma anche qui, i nomi di cui si è parlato in questi giorni erano più a carattere difensivo (come Harkless) che offensivo. In più uno dei quindici che fanno la chimica straordinaria di oggi dovrebbe fare le valigie per il nuovo, e nessuno sa cosa potrebbe succedere. ترجمه و [هیچ] استثنا نکنند [انشاء الله نگفتند] نکات ترجمه «یَسْتَثْنُونَ» ماده «ثنی» در اصل دلالت دارد بر تکرار یک چیز یا تکرار و پشت سر هم آمدن دو چیز؛ و از این ماده است کلمه اثنان به معنای «دو» معروف است. استثنا کردن از همین نکته است که گویی در استثنا مطلب مورد نظر را دوبار میآوریم: یکبار فی الجمله و یکبار به تفصیل؛ مثلا وقتی میگوییم «مردم آمدند غیر از زید» زید یکبار در مردم اجملا اشاره شده و یکبار مستقیما با اسم خودش متمایز گردیده است. (معجم مقاییس اللغة، ج۱، ص۳۹۲) از آنجا که استثنا کردن به معنای آن است که از یک حکم کلی، مواردی را خارج کنیم، گفتن تعبیر «ان شاء الله» (= اگر خدا بخواهد) را به طور خاص «استثناء» میگویند که توصیه شده در مورد هر کاری انجام دهیم؛ یعنی در انجام هر کاری، این مطلب را که «ممکن است مشیت خدا برخلاف این تعلق گرفته باشد» مد نظر قرار دهیم و وقتی وعده انجام کاری را میدهیم این حالت را از آن استثنا کنیم (مفردات ألفاظ القرآن، ص۱۸۰)؛ و در واقع، این جمله شرطیه، معنای استثناء را القا میکند: وقتی میگویم: من بیرون میروم اگر خدا بخواهد؛ یعنی بیرون نمیروم مگر اینکه خدا بخواهد. (الکشاف، ج۴، ص۵۹۰) ماده «ثنی» ۲۹ بار در قرآن کریم به کار رفته که غیر از مورد فوق، همه موارد دیگر به همان معنای «دو» و مفاهیم ناظر به آن مرتبط است. حدیث ۱) روایت شده است که یکبار امام صادق ع به منزل زید [بن علی بن حسین ع، عموی امام صادق ع] رفتند و او عازم عمره بود. به وی مکتوبی را دادند که عموی ایشان مخارج اهل و عیال خود و اینکه برای هرکس چقدر باید داده شود نوشته بود که در آن این طور بود که برای فلانی و فلانی و فلانی این قدر؛ و در آن استثناء [= انشاءالله] ننوشته بود. حضرت فرمود: کسی که این مطالب را نوشته و ان شاء الله نیاورده، چگونه گمان میکند که این به سرانجام برسد؟! سپس قلم و دوات خواستند و جلوی هر اسمی انشاءالله اضافه کردند. النوادر(للأشعري)، ص۵۷ رَوَى لِي مُرَازِمٌ قَالَ: دَخَلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَوْماً إِلَى مَنْزِلِ زَيْدٍ وَ هُوَ يُرِيدُ الْعُمْرَةَ فَتَنَاوَلَ لَوْحاً فِيهِ كِتَابٌ لِعَمِّهِ فِيهِ أَرْزَاقُ الْعِيَالِ وَ مَا يَخْرُجُ لَهُمْ فَإِذَا فِيهِ لِفُلَانٍ وَ فُلَانٍ وَ فُلَانٍ وَ لَيْسَ فِيهِ اسْتِثْنَاءٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ مَنْ كَتَبَ هَذَا الْكِتَابَ وَ لَمْ يَسْتَثْنِ فِيهِ كَيْفَ ظَنَّ أَنَّهُ يُتِمُّ ثُمَّ دَعَا بِالدَّوَاةِ فَقَالَ أَلْحِقْ فِيهِ فِي كُلِّ اسْمٍ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى. ۲) از امام باقر درباره آیه «و قطعا پیش از این با آدم عهدی بستیم اما فراموش کرد و در او عزمی نیافتیم» (طه/۱۱۵) روایت شده که فرمودهاند: همانا خداوند عز و جل هنگامی که به آدم فرمود که وارد بهشت شو؛ به او فرمود: آدم! به این درخت نزدیک مشو! و میدید که او چنین خواهد کرد. آدم به پروردگارش عرض کرد: چگونه [ممکن است که] من نزدیک آن شوم در حالی که من و همسرم را از آن نهی فرمودهای؟! خداوند به آن دو فرمود به آن نزدیک نشوید؛ یعنی از آن نخورید. آدم و همسرش گفتند: چشم، پروردگارا ! نه بدان نزدیک میشویم و نه از آن میخوریم؛ و در سخنشان، [مشیت خدا را] استثنا نکردند [= انشاءالله نگفتند]. پس خداوند آنها را به خودشان و حافظه خودشان واگذار کرد؛ و خداوند در کتاب خود به پیامبرش فرمود: «و هرگز مگو که من فردا انجام دهنده این کار هستم؛ مگر اینکه [بعدش بگویی: مگر] خدا بخواهد» (کهف/۲۳) که آن را انجام ندهم، که اگر در مشیت خداوند چنین رقم خورده باشد که آن را انجام ندهم توان آن را نخواهم داشت که انجامش دهم. امام ع در ادامه فرمود: بدین جهت است که خداوند عز و جل [در ادامهاش] فرمود: «و یاد کن پروردگارت را وقتی که فراموش کردی» (کهف/۲۴)یعنی مشیت خدا را در انجام کارت استثنا کن. الكافي، ج۷، ص۴۴۸ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِمَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْأَحْوَلِ عَنْ سَلَّامِ بْنِ الْمُسْتَنِيرِ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ «وَ لَقَدْ عَهِدْنا إِلى آدَمَ مِنْ قَبْلُ فَنَسِيَ وَ لَمْ نَجِدْ لَهُ عَزْماً» قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَمَّا قَالَ لآِدَمَ ادْخُلِ الْجَنَّةَ قَالَ لَهُ يَا آدَمُ لَا تَقْرَبْ هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ قَالَ وَ أَرَاهُ إِيَّاهَا فَقَالَ آدَمُ لِرَبِّهِ كَيْفَ أَقْرَبُهَا وَ قَدْ نَهَيْتَنِي عَنْهَا أَنَا وَ زَوْجَتِي قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُمَا لَا تَقْرَبَاهَا يَعْنِي لَا تَأْكُلَا مِنْهَا فَقَالَ آدَمُ وَ زَوْجَتُهُ نَعَمْ يَا رَبَّنَا لَا نَقْرَبُهَا وَ لَا نَأْكُلُ مِنْهَا وَ لَمْ يَسْتَثْنِيَا فِي قَوْلِهِمَا نَعَمْ فَوَكَلَهُمَا اللَّهُ فِي ذَلِكَ إِلَى أَنْفُسِهِمَا وَ إِلَى ذِكْرِهِمَا قَالَ وَ قَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِنَبِيِّهِ ص فِي الْكِتَابِ «وَ لا تَقُولَنَّ لِشَيْءٍ إِنِّي فاعِلٌ ذلِكَ غَداً إِلَّا أَنْ يَشاءَ اللَّهُ» أَنْ لَا أَفْعَلَهُ فَتَسْبِقَ مَشِيئَةُ اللَّهِ فِي أَنْ لَا أَفْعَلَهُ فَلَا أَقْدِرَ عَلَى أَنْ أَفْعَلَهُ قَالَ فَلِذَلِكَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ «وَ اذْكُرْ رَبَّكَ إِذا نَسِيتَ» أَيْ اسْتَثْنِ مَشِيئَةَ اللَّهِ فِي فِعْلِكَ.[۱] تدبر ۱) «وَ لا يَسْتَثْنُونَ» مقصود از «استثنا نکردند» در این آیه چیست؟ الف. در انجام کار خود مشیت خدا را استثنا نکردند (ان شاء الله نگفتند)؛ گویی همه امور دست آنهاست و اگر آنهاا بخواهند کاری را انجام دهند حتما میتوانند. (مجمعالبیان، ج۱۰، ص۵۰۷؛ التفسیر الکبیر، ج۳۰، ص۶۰۷) ب. در اینکه
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operations for converting raw input data into information useful to their users. Following diagram shows the basic structure of Computer: Input Unit This unit contains devices with the help of which we enter data into computer. This unit makes. Offered by Rice University. This Specialization covers much of the material that first-year Computer Science students take at Rice University. Students learn sophisticated programming skills in Python from the ground up and apply these skills in building more than 20 fun projects. The Specialization concludes with a Capstone exam that allows the students to demonstrate the range of knowledge Price: $ This book is targeted to undergraduate and graduate students of computer science, knowledge of one object oriented programming and data structures will be great before going through this book. Some other interesting book you shouldn’t miss. Parallel Algorithms. Data Structures And Algorithms in Java By Goodrich, Tamassia, Goldwasser. For a real, step-by-step concept computer science book, try Greg Perry’s and Dean Miller’s C Programming Absolute Beginner’s Guide (3rd Edition). Plain language, plenty of additional tips, and annotated code make it a really good first computer science book. While C++ is an extension of C, you can learn it on its : Laura Diaz de Arce. Fundamentals of Data Structures - Ellis Horowitz, Sartaj Sign in. Offered by University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Topics covered by this Specialization include basic object-oriented programming, the analysis of asymptotic algorithmic run times, and the implementation of basic data structures including arrays, hash tables, linked lists, trees, heaps and graphs, as well as algorithms for traversals, rebalancing and shortest paths. Computer Science Fundamentals, and How To Learn Them By Christopher Watkins Ma “Computer Science is the systematic study of the feasibility, structure, expression, and mechanization of the methodical processes (or algorithms) that underlie the acquisition, representation, processing, storage, communication of, and access to. This is a free textbook for an undergraduate course on Discrete Structures for Computer Science students, which I have been teaching at Carleton Uni-versity since the fall term of The material is o ered as the second-year course COMP (Discrete Structures II). Students are assumed to haveFile Size: 1MB. The fundamental toolkit for the aspiring computer scientist or programmer. The way we store and manipulate data with computers is a core part of computer science. In Data Structures, you'll start with the basics, like arrays and sorting, and build up to more complex data types and data structures. By the end of this course, you’ll have discovered algorithms that can be used to store data quickly, rearrange it. a discrete mathematics course, or a course in a computer science subspecialty. We believe that, as time goes on, all scientists and engineers will take a foundational course similar to the one offered at Stanford upon which this book is based. Such a course in computer science should become as standard as similar courses in calculus and Size: 5MB. "Computer Science" undergraduate education is a rigorous 4 year program which teaches you how to reason about and build computational entities. Most of it is abstract, with a heavy dose of discrete mathematics. The students implement the fundament. Fundamentals of Discrete Math for Computer Science provides an engaging and motivational introduction to traditional topics in discrete mathematics, in a manner specifically designed to appeal to computer science students. The text empowers students to think critically, to be effective problem solvers, to integrate theory and practice, and to. Following are the core functions of a computer system − A computer accepts the command and/or data as input given by the user. A computer follows the instructions and stores the data given by the user. A computer processes the data as per the instructions given by the user. A computer gives the desirable results in the form of output. It can also be used for self-study by all those who wish to broaden their horizon and wish to acquire a solid footing in the fundamentals of computer science. Content Accuracy rating: 5 The book is highly accurate and has been tested by the authors in their classes for decades. Relevance/Longevity rating: 5 This is not a new book.5/5(1). STRUCTURES All Computer Science Notes & ebooks PROGRAMMING IN C FILE PROCESSING All Computer Science Notes & ebooks PROGRAMMING AND DATA STRUCTURES II OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS All Computer Science Notes & ebooks PROGRAMMING AND DATA STRUCTURES II OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS. Foundations of Computer Science covers subjects that are often found split between a discrete mathematics course and a sophomore-level sequence in computer science in data structure. So here the author's intention is to select the mathematical foundations with an eye toward what the computer user really needs, rather than what a mathematician. A computer scientist is a scientist who specialises in the theory of computation and the design of computers. Pure Computer Science isn't about most of the things you list that you want a comprehensive book about. There are many sub-genres that are part of Computer Science but they diverge very quickly from the definition above. DNS, TCP/IP. Sequence Control Structures. The next item is pseudocode for a simple temperature conversion program. This demonstrates the use of both the on-page and off-page connectors. It also illustrates the sequence control structure where nothing unusual happens. Just do. Reema Thareja is the author of Computer Fundamentals and Programming in C ( avg rating, ratings, 36 reviews, published ), Data Structures Usi /5. Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs (SICP) is a computer science textbook by Massachusetts Institute of Technology professors Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay Sussman with Julie Sussman. It is known as the Wizard Book in hacker culture. It teaches fundamental principles of computer programming, including recursion, abstraction, modularity, and programming language Author: Harold Abelson, Gerald Jay Sussman, Julie. This book is related to Python and computer science and also contains the fundamentals of algorithms and data structures. This is a collection of mathematical algorithms with many new and interesting examples in this second edition. [Data Structures] Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs(SICP):*This is a great bottom-up tour through selected topics in computer-science and the underpinnings of defining a programming language. If I had to give one book to interns and new grads on their first day of work, it would be this book.**Definitely : Mohammed Rafy.There's a bunch of different things you could learn about, but here's a random handful: * Find out what a finite state machine is, and next time you're working on a project where one would be appropriate, make use of this technique. It might be so. 女性是什么原因引起外阴白斑? 医网摘要:很多女性朋友问:外阴白斑的起因有哪些?外阴白斑是常见的妇科疾病,影响着越来越多女性朋友的身心健康。对外阴白斑的起因,很多朋友还不太清楚,下面一起来了解下。 一、由于血供障碍引起 这种原因是主要的引起外阴白斑的原因。皮肤或粘膜表皮受刺激后,血管扩张血,引起组织水肿,水肿压迫使局部供氧不足,引起表皮生长障碍。 二、由于神经变性引起 外阴白斑的起因有哪些?绝经之后和老年妇女的外阴神经是有着退化的性变,局部炎症和神经变性,导致、营养不良和表皮生长异常,神经变性。 三、由于外阴本身引起 这种原因也是女性外阴白斑的导致的最注意的情况,小阴唇以及大阴唇之间的沟比较较深,阴蒂小阴唇的前联合处的皱让分泌物以及排泄物易于积聚,不易保持清洁,阴部经常的与衣着折缝的不平的滑面相接触摩擦,外阴部分泌物较多,经常处于潮湿状态,阴部神经供应丰富,尤其是阴蒂及小阴唇上方,这易发生刺激的症状从而引起了局部的,内分泌失调、激素降低,能让局部的组织抵抗力降低,影响外阴局部的营养。 本文来源: http://lady-ewsos-com.wjsoftware.cn/a/20140609/994441.html Society spends $90 Billion each year on removing gum globally. Some councils spend over $1 Million each year on chewing gum removal which often requires entire city blocks to be shut down in the middle of the night. It also requires floodlights, pressure washers and teams of council workers to work tirelessly through the night to remove gum from our beautiful cities. It is a form of vandalism. It harbours bacterial biofilm spreading ‘germs’ and requires serious attention, which is mainly due to inferior science not being able to keep up with an issue which is plaguing the globe. Singapore has banned the sticky substance. Chewing gum is marketed to school age children who buy the chewing gum and take it to school. Thereafter, the school staff find the chewing gum firmly embedded in the courtyard cement, under the chairs and desks and the list goes on. Basically, chewing gum is found everywhere throughout our schools except the bin where it belongs. RemGum is an advanced Bio-Technology product that will solve the chewing gum crisis plaguing our homes, businesses, public transport and cities. It is a simple formula incorporating amazing 21st century Nano and Bio technology that will actively penetrate the gum from the top to the bottom. By penetrating the substrate (e.g., concrete path) which holds the gum in place the Nano particles will “release the gum”. You can then remove the gum in one easy movement with a scraper... leaving no sticky residue behind. RemGum offers investors a ground floor investment opportunity which comes with a global market size of removing gum of $90 Billion a year. There are plenty of opportunities. There is the retail B2C market which can be sold in any reputable store. It can also be sold B2B to cleaning companies in particular those commercial entities who have existing contracts to clean schools, council property, sporting facilities (such as stadiums) and other pedestrian inhabited infrastructure. The 2 key benefits of RemGum are: - Remove chewing gum effortlessly from surfaces without requiring pressure washers - Significantly reduces costs to treat surfaces thereby reducing initial and ongoing maintenance requirements. Bringing Actions to Innovators Exemplar Innovation and Con’s role in getting this invention to market is: - Identifying the product as a marketable product that is safe and based on new age Nano and Bio Technology - Undertaking a branding strategy that included product positioning and registration of the trade mark RemGum - Preparing the product for use and trial - Undertaking trial at a school in Sydney Australia - Making te first sale to this school in Sydney Australia - Providing Management and administration support including office space RemGum is ready for sale and needs initial capital for the following purposes: - Formation of an Early Stage Innovation Company (ESIC) - Initial stock - Rental of storage, packing and logistics facilities - Rental of office space for sales and administration operations - Staff costs Are you interested? Join us by completing our form – click the button below تعمیر و نگهداری آپارتمان های هموطنان خارج از شهر مشهد شرکت فعالان گردشگری خاتم با عقد قرارداد همکاری با بهترین و معتبرترین شرکت های ساختمانی و طراحی در زمینه طراحی، اجرا و نظارت بر پروژه های ساختمانی، آمادگی دارد تا خدمات مرتبط با تعمیرات و نگهداری آپارتمان ها، واحدهای اقامتی، مسکونی، اداری و تجاری هموطنان گرامی در شهر مقدس مشهد را ارایه نماید. voidsFLASH_DMA_DeInit(void)神是什么意思ClareJones向媒体透露,“在过去,很多地址输入的识别率不高,甚至是低于50%的,而对于我们这个系统来说,三词地址的识别率输入以后能接近100%,也就是为什么三词地址会成为奔驰车的一个首选。” 作为取象比类,马克思重点地把“抽象”作为政治经济学科的特质性思维的规定明确了出来,但是,把“取象比类”看作实际相同的研究者,却借机抓住不放,于这里寻求物理学或生物学路径的政治经济学研究方法,大谈特谈“抽象法的思维”或其他什么思维方法。显而易见,这是把“思维”作为了研究方法本体,而力图从中管“马克思的思维方法”。这种抓住马克思思维来研究的方式,那是用“玫瑰色”来描绘《资本论》的面貌了,因而不仅仅是舍本逐末的问题,而根本是进行有意图性的解释工作。至于1850年代以来,马克思革命在思想内涵上已经集中于“语言革命”(即彻底批判),这是史傅德之流无论如何无法认识到的,——而如上所述,这些交代就完成在《资本论》第一版序言和第二版文中。 小结:在我们的楼层中,一定要注意是屋宅主人的命局来决定的,命格中的任何喜忌都要关注,比如可以分析生辰八字。 爱国主义是民族精神的集中体现,也是五四精神的核心内容。正是因为有爱国主义这一强大精神支柱,我们中华民族才能历经磨难而生生不息。 神是什么意思列宁也创建了一支新的军队,一支劳动人民的军队,击败了协约国对苏维埃俄国的干涉,消灭了反动派,并尽一切努力确保真正的国家安全。 “哦,我倒是想回来。这取决于上帝是否予我健康,让我活着;也取决于将要投票的司法权力机关成员的理解,他们是否注意阅读案件的记录,并看穿其中的脏俩。” voidgetRealTime(sTime_ttime); 在纪委监委调查的私舞弊、用职权类型案件中,也不乏一些国有企业高级管理人员。他们有的“靠山吃山”“靠水吃水”,有的利用手中权力获取利机会,甚至直接国有企业应当获取的利润。去年8月被双开的武汉港航发展集团有限公司原党委书记、董事长谢宗孝,就有私舞弊,在收购非国有资产过程中用职权的行为,致使国家财产遭受重大损失。 在这份报告里,我们着重分析四种人工智能技术(语音,图像,自然语言处理,机器人)对五个行业(安防,互联网电商广告,消费电子,汽车,医疗)的影响。 凤凰山联合扶贫车间负责人郭静介绍说,该车间是通过订单形式加工制作服装衣帽,所招工人均为本地乡村妇女,“除培训期间每天50元培训费外,对离家较远的妇女还发放20元的交通补助,以此鼓励更多妇女走出家门学技术,靠双手来增收。” 至于柔性面板的生产,友达光电董事长彭双浪表示,友达光电已准备好进行批量生产,并将按计划在2019年下半年推出相关面板。 中国的十二生肖是根据我们的传统天干地支,对应宇宙空间中十二只最有象征性的动物而形成,命理中,我们的生肖都会有不同的运势,在具体的说法中,十二生肖哪个是吉祥肖?我们今天一起看看。(ThiswasapassageComradeMaoTsetungaddedwhenhewentoverPremierChouEnlai’sReportontheWorkoftheGovernmenttotheFirstSessionoftheThirdNationalPeople’sCongress.) id='bowPCIUXm'当然,认为毛泽东延安文艺批评观并不是“政治第一、艺术第二”并非笔者首创,实际上此前已有多位学者谈到了类似观点,如山就提出了延安文艺批评观是“两个标准”与“三个统一”的观点。在他看来,仅仅认为《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》提出了两个批评标准,是很不确切的。实际上,它不但提出了政治标准第一、艺术标准第二的批评标准与批评原则,而且还提出了在政治与艺术、内容与形式、革命的政治内容与尽可能完美的艺术形式的审美统一中进行考察的批评标准与批评原则。他认为,毛泽东在《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》中提出的“两个标准”与“三个统一”的观点是一套完整统一的文艺批评标准系统,两者是分析与综合的彼此转化、往返流动的辩证关系,其中前者一般应受制于后者。如将两者割裂开来或对立起来,无条件地重前轻后或是此非彼,是不符合毛泽东的本意与文艺批评中应有的辩证思维方法的,势必在理论与实践上给文艺的发展带来不良影响。“三个统一”既是无产阶级对较好或最好文艺作品的要求,也是无产阶级进行文艺批评的较高或最高的标准与原则,这是没有疑问的,而且也只有无产阶级才能完全做到这一点。尚延龄则强调三个“统一”与两个“反对”才是延安文艺批评观的基本内容。他认为,毛泽东“明确指出的三个‘统一’、两个‘反对’是他对无产阶级文艺批评标准的科学、准确、全面的表述和概括”,而“‘第一’、‘第二’之说不符合毛泽东文艺思想的科学体系,又不利于革命文艺的发展和繁荣”。刘文斌也认为,“所谓的三个‘统一’和两个‘反对’,才真正是毛泽东的文艺批评标准观。将毛泽东的文艺批评标准观说成是‘政治第一,艺术第二’,则是对《讲话》的误解”。显然
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,并接触到不同的文化, 背景, 和心态. 到美高梅app官方网址的学生上四年级的时候, 他们已经建立了成为独立学习者的强烈意识,并准备好继续严格的学术课程,增加对学习的所有权. Dermatographia is a condition also known as skin writing. When people who have dermatographia lightly scratch their skin, the scratches redden into a raised wheal similar to hives. These marks usually disappear within 30 minutes. The cause of dermatographia is unknown, but it can be triggered in some people by infections, emotional upset or medications such as penicillin. Most people who have dermatographia don't seek treatment. If your signs and symptoms are especially bothersome, your doctor may recommend allergy medications such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl). Signs and symptoms of dermatographia may include: - Raised red lines - Hive-like welts The signs and symptoms may occur within a few minutes of your skin being rubbed or scratched and usually disappear within 30 minutes. Rarely, dermatographia develops more slowly and lasts several hours to several days. The condition itself can last for months or years. When to see a doctor See your doctor if your signs and symptoms are particularly bothersome. The exact cause of dermatographia isn't clear. It may be caused by an allergic response, yet no specific allergen has been identified. Simple things can trigger symptoms of dermatographia. For example, rubbing from your clothes or bedsheets may irritate your skin. Sometimes, dermatographia is preceded by an infection, emotional upset or medications such as penicillin. Dermatographia can occur at any age, but it tends to be more common in teenagers and young adults. If you have other skin conditions, such as dry skin or dermatitis, you may be more susceptible to dermatographia. Any skin condition that causes a frequent urge to scratch may increase your risk. Dermatographia generally is harmless. It leaves no lasting marks and often causes only minor symptoms. You're likely to start by seeing your family doctor or a general practitioner. However, in some cases when you call to set up an appointment, you may be referred immediately to a doctor who specializes in skin conditions (dermatologist) or one who specializes in allergies (allergist). Here's some information to help you prepare for your appointment. What you can do At the time you make the appointment, be sure to ask if there's anything you need to do in advance, such as not take antihistamines for several days beforehand. You may also want to: - Write down any symptoms you're experiencing, including any that may seem unrelated to the reason for which you scheduled the appointment. - Write down key personal information, including any major stresses or recent life changes. - Make a list of all medications, vitamins or supplements you're taking. What to expect from your doctor Your doctor is likely to ask you a number of questions, including: - When did you begin experiencing symptoms? - Were your symptoms preceded by an illness or a new medication? - Have your symptoms been continuous or occasional? - How severe are your symptoms? - Do you have allergies? To what? - Do you have dry skin or any other skin conditions? - What, if anything, seems to improve your symptoms? - What, if anything, appears to worsen your symptoms? Your doctor can diagnose dermatographia with a simple test. He or she will draw a tongue depressor across the skin of your arm or back to see if a red, swollen line or a welt (wheal) appears within a few minutes. Symptoms of dermatographia usually go away on their own, and treatment for dermatographia generally isn't necessary. However, if the condition is severe or bothersome, your doctor may recommend antihistamine medications such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl), fexofenadine (Allegra) or cetirizine (Zyrtec). To reduce discomfort and prevent the symptoms of dermatographia, try these tips: - Avoid irritating your skin. Refrain from using harsh soaps on your skin. Don't wear clothing made of itchy material, such as wool. Hot showers or baths may worsen the symptoms. - Don't scratch your skin. If you have dermatographia or other skin conditions that may cause frequent itching, try to avoid scratching your skin. Scratching will aggravate the condition. - Keep your skin moisturized. Dry skin tends to itch. Keep your skin moisturized by using lotions and creams. Keep yourself hydrated by drinking plenty of water. Dec. 06, 2012 - Habif TP. Clinical Dermatology: A Color Guide to Diagnosis and Therapy. 5th ed. Edinburgh, U.K.; New York, N.Y.: Mosby Elsevier; 2010. http://www.mdconsult.com/books/about.do?about=true&eid=4-u1.0-B978-0-7234-3541-9..X0001-6--TOP&isbn=978-0-7234-3541-9&uniqId=230100505-57. Accessed Oct. 4, 2012. - Kliegman RM, et al. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2011. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/208746819-6/0/1608/0.html. Accessed Oct. 4, 2012. - Dice JP, et al. Physical urticarias. http://www.uptodate.com/index. Accessed Oct. 4, 2012. - Goldsmith LA, et al., eds. Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. 8th ed. New York, N.Y.: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2012. http://www.accessmedicine.com/resourceTOC.aspx?resourceID=740. Accessed Oct. 4, 2012. - Adkinson NF, et al. Middleton's Allergy: Principles and Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Mosby Elsevier; 2009. http://www.mdconsult.com/books/page.do?eid=4-u1.0-B978-0-323-05659-5..00061-9--cesec9&isbn=978-0-323-05659-5&sid=1363424664&uniqId=370214287-3#4-u1.0-B978-0-323-05659-5..00061-9--cesec9. Accessed Oct. 4, 2012. - Gibson LE (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Oct. 18, 2012. Definitions for Maasai This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word Maasai An indigenous group of people located in Kenya and Tanzania. An Eastern Nilotic language spoken in Southern Kenya and Northern Tanzania by the Masai people. Find a translation for the Maasai definition in other languages: Select another language: Word of the Day Would you like us to send you a FREE new word definition delivered to your inbox daily? Use the citation below to add this definition to your bibliography: Are we missing a good definition for Maasai? The Web's Largest Resource for Definitions & Translations A Member Of The STANDS4 Network Nearby & related entries: Alternative searches for Maasai: The ankle allows us to move our foot up and down and supports us in our daily activities. The demands on the ankle make it prone to injury, especially in athletes. Roughly 25,000 ankle sprains occur in the United States every single day. The most common ankle problems are sprains (injury to the ligaments) and fractures (break in the bone), followed quickly by arthritis and tendonitis. If you have an ankle injury you may experience stiffness, instability, pain, difficulty walking, bruising, and swelling. At UC San Diego Health, our multidisciplinary team provides the latest diagnostic tests and nonsurgical and surgical therapies to treat minor and complex injuries of the foot and ankle. Learn more about our care for foot and ankle conditions. Diagnosis and Treatment In order to diagnose your conditions, our team will evaluate your symptoms and conduct a physical examination of the area. Imaging tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray, and computed tomography (CT) scan, may be used to look for tendon tears or bone fractures. Treatment depends on your symptoms and condition. Less severe ankle injuries may be treated with pain medicines, rest, keeping the ankle elevated, compression bandages, cortisone injections, or ice packs. More severe ankle conditions, such as ruptured tendons, fractures or arthritis, may require surgical treatment. Our team specializes in procedures to treat these conditions, including ankle replacement, ankle fusion, and ankle ligament reconstruction. Ankle Replacement Surgery Our joint care experts have expertise in total ankle replacement surgery, a procedure that replaces damaged bone and cartilage in the ankle joint with prosthetics (artificial joint parts). The goal of ankle replacement surgery is to lessen or eliminate pain, and allow you to move your ankle up and down. Learn more about our joint care team. Types of Ankle Disorders We treat the following ankle conditions: - Ankle sprains - Peroneal tendon tears - Ankle impingement - Acute ankle fractures and stress fractures - Chronic ankle instability - Peroneus tendon tear - Subtalar instability - Osteochondral injury of the talus - Syndesmosis injury - Dancing injuries (posterior and anterior ankle impingement, Os trigonum syndrome, flexor hallicus longus (FHL) tendonitis) See below for information on the most common ankle conditions. Ankle sprains are partial or complete tears of ligaments in both the inner (medial) and outer (lateral) aspects of the ankle that connect the bones of the ankle in order to stabilize the ankle joint. The most commonly seen ankle sprain results from an inversion injury to the ankle in which the foot twists inward, causing pain on the outside of the ankle. The degree of pain and swelling can range from mild to severe, and the ankle may feel weak or unstable. Occasionally high ankle sprains occur as well and can sometimes require surgery. Peroneal Tendon Tear The two peroneal tendons run parallel in the foot behind the outer ankle bone and help stabilize the ankle and foot and safeguard them from sprains. Peroneal tendon injuries most commonly occur in people who participate in sports that involve prolonged ankle motion or sudden cutting movements. Timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment is important to keep a peroneal tendon tear from worsening. Ankle impingement can affect either posterior or anterior aspect of the ankle joint, and is usually associated with athletic activities such as high jumping, running and soccer. Symptoms of ankle impingement include chronic anterior ankle pain and swelling as well as a history of previous ankle sprains. During the Klondike Gold Rush, gold was used as currency. It was eliminated from common coinage in 1933, yet gold is well used in today’s world that the average person doesn’t realize. Gold is a heavy, yellow metallic chemical element. It has the greatest density of any mineral and because of its high density, it collects in streams as placer gold. Miners collected the gold nuggets and gold dust in pans, rockers, and sluice boxes. Pure gold is a soft metal that scratches, bends, and breaks easily. Therefore, gold is often mixed with other metals for use in jewelry. Gold is reflective and is an excellent conductor of electricity. It can be drawn or molded into wire or threads. It doesn’t tarnish, rust, or dissolve in water and most acids. Due to this nature, gold is now used in many technical fields. Did you know that gold is used in the trigger deployment system of airbags in cars? Auto manufacturers use gold to dry paint on their cars. Gold-plated connectors operate in a car’s engine to withstand high temperatures and corrosive environment under a car’s engine hood. Many aircraft use gold-coated acrylic windows in cockpits to help the windows stay clear of frost and fogging. The reflectability of gold helps keep the cockpit cool on hot runways. It also maintains the heat of the cabin while in flight at high, cold altitudes. Did you know that Air Force One uses gold reflectors to confuse an incoming missile’s heat-seeking signal? It makes it difficult for the guidance system to focus on its target. Gold protects the onboard computers in the Galileo space probe. It is used in satellites and the space shuttle’s electronic circuitry. A telephone’s mouthpiece has a transmitter that contains gold in the diaphragm. Telephone jacks and connecting cords also use gold for contacts. Gold is the best material to use in microcircuits of electronic equipment. Did you know that gold is used in medical monitoring equipment? Wouldn’t those miners of yesterday be surprised how precious gold has become? I found this information interesting. The cognitive tools/technologies of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) are impacting the cybersecurity ecosystem in a variety of ways. Applied AI machine learning and natural language processing are being used in cybersecurity by both the private and public sectors to bolster situational awareness and enhance protection from cyber threats. The algorithmic enablers that make ML and AI pinnacles of cybersecurity are automation and orchestration. Last year, the research and analyst firm Gartner created a term called SOAR. It stands for Security Orchestration, Automation and Response. A key element of SOAR has been the automation and orchestration elements. An excellent analysis of the impact of automation was provided by Stan Engelbrecht in his column in Security Week called The Evolution of SOAR Platforms. Stan noted “as SOAR platforms evolve, they are requiring less experience from users. Vendors embed security expertise into the products, in the form of pre-built playbooks, guided investigation workflows, and automated alert prioritization. Cybersecurity Orchestration and Automation in 2019 Automation and orchestration features have also reached a level of sophistication where they can be integrated into an existing security framework without relying on users to know exactly what should be automated.” Indeed, SOAR and corollary cybersecurity automation technologies combined with ML and AI tools can be viewed as a strong framework for mitigating evolving threats. AI and ML have emerged into new paradigms for automation in cybersecurity. They enable predictive analytics to draw statistical inferences to mitigate threats with fewer resources. In a cybersecurity context, AI and ML can provide a faster means to identify new attacks, draw statistical inferences and push that information to endpoint security platforms. Three significant factors are heightening their risk: 1) Skilled Worker Shortage: It is widely noted that the cybersecurity industry is facing major skilled worker shortages. According to data published on Cyberseek, U.S. employers in the private and public sectors posted an estimated 313,735 job openings for cybersecurity workers between September 2017 and August 2018. That's in addition to the 715,000-plus cybersecurity workers already employed. It is not just a U.S. problem, but a global problem and the demand for skilled workers to address the growing prevalence and sophistication of cyber-threats is growing exponentially. 2) Expanding Digital Connectivity: The expanding connectivity of the Internet of Things (IoT) has greatly increased cyber vulnerabilities. IoT refers to the general idea of devices and equipment that are readable, recognizable, locatable, addressable, and/or controllable via the internet. This includes everything from home appliances, wearable technology and cars. Gartner predicts that there may be nearly 26 billion networked devices on the IoT by 2020. The numbers of devices provide a larger attack surface with more targets for cyber criminals and makes defending networks and endpoints even more difficult. 3) Sophistication of Adversaries: Cybersecurity criminals are using machine learning techniques to discover vulnerabilities on their targets and to automate their own attacks (with increasing success). They often share tools available on the Dark Web and hacker attacks are now faster, more calculating, and more lethal. The threat actors are many and varied including nation states, criminal enterprises, and hacktivists. The three factors I highlighted are not the only ones forcing the need for automation and orchestration tools, but they are prevailing ones. To keep up with cyber-threats and help level the playing field against attackers, companies and governments need to evaluate and assimilate many of the automation and orchestration tools that hackers employ and integrate them into their own Security Automation and Orchestration (SOAR) platforms and security information and event management (SIEM) platforms. They should implement these tools and technologies under a comprehensive risk management strategy. Security automation and orchestration of applications should be commensurate and grow with derived benefits (and adversarial risks) from AI and ML. These technologies can provide for more efficient decision-making by prioritizing and acting on data, especially across larger networks and supply chains with many users and variables. The automation and orchestration tool chest can now utilize horizon scanning technologies, filter through alerts, use predictive analytics, facilitate identity management, coordinate incident response (audits and alerts), use self-repairing software and patch management, and employ forensics and diagnostics after an attack. Automation and orchestration can be valuable in enhancing existing cybersecurity architecture such as preventive security controls, including firewalls, application security and intrusion prevention systems (IPSs). Perhaps most importantly, automation and orchestration can provide a more rapid response capability across a multitude of security components and tools whether they are located in the Cloud or in onsite data centers. The faster a CISO can identify and address a threat or breach, the better the likely outcome. Combating machine-driven hacker threats requires being proactive by constantly updating and testing cybersecurity capabilities. Using ML automation platforms to recognize and predict anomalies associated with the database of behavioral patterns of malicious threats can be an indispensable layer in an integrated cyber-defense. For the public sector, automation, combined with ML and AI, is an emerging and future cybersecurity pathway, especially for industrial systems and critical infrastructure. DARPA is investing for the Department of Defense
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Firefox sıfırlama ile devam edin. - Şimdi, tarayıcının varsayılan ayarlarına geri yüklenir. İşlem tamamlandığında, içe aktarılan verilerin listesini görürsünüz. Bitirmekseçerek onaylaması. Önemli: tarayıcı geri yükleme yapılmıştır sıra bilgili Firefox eski profili sistem masaüstünde bulunan eski Firefox veri klasöründe kaydedilir. Sen-ebilmek lüzum bu klasör veya özel verilerinizi sahibi olarak sadece kaldırmak. -Dibi takdirde belgili tanımlık araştırma başarısız oldu, önemli dosyaları belirtilen klasöre geri gelen bol var. Google Chrome [email protected] Ransomware pop-up reklamları kaldırmak - Bulmak ve Chrome menü düğmesini (tarayıcı araç çubuğu) tuşuna basın ve sonra Araçlarseçin. Uzantılarıile devam edin. - Bu sekmede, çöp kutusu simgesine basarak delele ane tanımadığınız eklentileri olabilir. Önemlisi, kaldırılan bu programlardan birini veya tümünü var: [email protected] Ransomware, HD-toplam-Plus, SafeSaver, DP1815, Video Player, ücretsiz dosyalarını dönüştürmek, artı HD 1,3, BetterSurf, Media Player 1.1, PassShow, LyricsBuddy-1, Yupdate4.flashplayes.info 1.2, Media Player 1.1, Tasarruf boğa, Feven Pro 1.1, Websteroids, Tasarruf boğa, HD-Plus 3.5. * WiperSoft scanner, published on this site, is intended to be used only as a detection tool. More info on WiperSoft. To use the removal functionality, you will need to purchase the full version of WiperSoft. If you wish to uninstall WiperSoft, click here. 这次采访显示在现有版的体育杂志中,辉煌的免费每周出版物充满了伟大的特色,有类似的观念。他们在Twitter @SportMaguk和Facebook上。在此处下载免费的iPad应用程序。 体育在幻想总理联盟专家的帮助下,学习如何使用您的通配符救您的季节。 我的2016/17幻想英超联赛竞选剧本。莱斯特市脊椎发生故障。杰米拉迪错过了开幕日的机会。艾哈迈德的Musa无法复制(可能)赛季的现象。 及时招聘Diego Costa - 以及他躲避暂停的能力,直到12月,当Zlatan Ibrahimovic占据了 - 拖累了尊重。然而,在体育阶梯的编辑托尼霍森队落后了72分,我需要紧急干预。特别是因为,在办公室与尼尔戈文的团结,我更多的是一个球人。 1月12日星期四 “你不需要难以忍受,”在我在英超联赛办公室遇见他时,请保证Mark Sutherns。“但你的团队价值并不是那么高,因为你没有对班包做出反应。所以玩通配符,让你的转移然后我会看看。“ 吞Rothmans年鉴作为孩子,Mark开发了对足球统计数据的胃口。在20世纪80年代后期,当报纸开始运行幻想游戏时,他将融合得分,打印小册子并在配偶之间组织竞争。 大约20年后,一位同事介绍了他向英超联赛的在线平台。Mark被住了,建立了Fantasyfootballscout.co.ukto详细说明了他的策略。 “当200人在一天中来到我的网站时,我记得很高兴,”他说。“现在我们平均每月600,000。幻想足球童子军联赛一直是过去五年的顶级联盟,其中三名赢家了三个。我的最佳季节是两年前,当我整体42岁时。但是,我一直相当一致。有一个糟糕的运动,我最终达到了大约179,000个。除此之外,我还有五大饰面。幸运是涉及的,但它不可能是运气。“ 这些数字需要上下文。FPL在2002年的75,000名球员中增长,本赛季拥有430万球员 - 比克罗地亚人口多。总理联盟确定了对大师的需求,并带来了马克。有了这么想,我用贪地重新安排我的团队,在我旁边的标记。我很紧张。这感觉到了一半的咨询课程,半场会见女友的父亲。 仁慈地,有很容易的决定。Simon Francis被暂停,Lamine Kone的非洲杯之旅,意味着我的防守需要一个整容。我指出了一个潜在的新招聘:virgil van dijk。标记点头。“Heissoutounampton的背部。”掌握。 Wilfried Zaha走了下一步。他与象牙海岸,但无论如何都在途中。我看到他的展示反对阿森纳的生活,尽管ascreameragainst斯旺西,我无法遵守这种意图。Christian Eriksen进来了。马克似乎担心预算,所以我头危险和介绍马特菲利普斯。Fraser Forster的Tom Heaton是守门员的重要变化。 通过Mark的批准,愚下降而变压器。我对英格兰的严谨性声音声和利克姆·米克遗产。Juan Mata,迟到的动态取代了他的俱乐部。那将是。 马克接管了。他始于Boomeranging Mata退回,引用了Jose Mourinho的挥发性选择政策。Philippe Coutinho进来了。“如果玩家从受伤返回,请在他们的价值增加之前,”他建议。 进入他的步伐,标志转向我的英座。他为伯恩茅斯的初级斯坦尼斯拉斯拉斯交易Watford的Etienne Capoue,并向我展示了一个俩。点击播放器的图标,用户可以查看一个工具,将每个游戏中的颜色编码,额定难度从一到五个。在家里的沃特福德和水晶宫之前,伯恩茅斯旅行前往赫尔。在这里签名,初中。 Marcin Wasilewski被交换为Swansea的Stephen Kingsley,Leavensehinji Okazaki - 这是一个无私的磨碎剂,我非常喜欢 - 作为我最后的莱斯特的链接。标志着甜点他的洞察力痛苦。 “斯托克已经开始使用彼得克劳奇很好,”他说。“以4.7亿英,他比萨基更便宜,所以你会被预算0.1米。Sunderland [Stoke的周末对手]承认了57次从标题的目标尝试,其中一个专案中最为的目标。 “那么,Matt Phillips会对马刺做很多东西吗?可能不会。所以,由于中场的质量,今年3-5-2的形成一直受欢迎,但我本周末的3-4-3。“ 我伸手去摇晃马克的手,只有在确保我已经占据了Alexis Sanchez并正确命令我的替代品后才接受。他的汇款,通过FPL增加他的运动的个人资料,是他真正关心的事情。在我离开之前,Premier Leanue Digital Martin Axford的负责人明了操作的范围。 “我们知道我们对世界各地的所有粉丝都有巨大的责任,确保游戏是可信的,并且我们在我们确实的一切中保持权威 - 维护该网站,保持它的生活,调整数据并验证在比赛上的一切都在火车上进行。 “这是我们感谢球迷与游戏合作并帮助发展的方式。” 1月15日星期天 很难讲述洪水更快的洪水:来自我的球员或来自竞争朋友的咒骂般的消息。Eriksen在周六午餐时间上用两家助攻开始球滚动。菲利普斯是安静的,我的其他西冰男子,加勒斯·麦克伦蒂,塌到减去三个。 在其他地方,现货常见的惩罚者Callum Wilson的Stanislas分数在Bournemouth的长上,因为标记预测。加热器和塞子Azpilicueta抓住清洁床单。果然,伏在桑德兰,在点击一个目标之前设置马尔诺·阿尔纳福蒂夫。 Swansea的Skipper Sanchez网,袋装三个奖励积分 - 在过程中决定OPTA PS,如PASS完成 - 在此过程中。虽然这不会阻止每周的争议推文,但Mark认为系统是公平的:“人们曾经在统计数据上探并称之为令人讨厌的人。现在数据到处都是。你不能在社交媒体上移动热图。“ 在星期天晚上在曼彻斯特联队和利物浦之间的画作结束时,我为游戏周上的总数是88分 - 我今为止最高的季节,即使147,931个经理做得更好。我攀登超过一百万个地方。为了纯粹的规模,幻想总理联盟令人丧的头脑。 更重要的是,马克搬运我到体育联盟的55岁内。不仅如此,他还重新推出了竞争的本能。我将不会放弃直到5月。当穆里尼奥释放他时,马塔在热闹地看着,但我可以原标记。此外,Coutinho这周六面临斯旺西 - 我将在几周内用餐下表演。 Esdras Calderan/Wikimedia Commons Everybody knows that the Scientific Revolution began in the 16th century, when Copernicus, Kepler and Galileo (plus some philosophical input from Francis Bacon) revived the long dormant Greek love for knowledge about nature. But in fact the seeds of that revolution had been planted three centuries earlier, when a handful of thinkers, most of them religious scholars, began contemplating rational explanations for worldly phenomena. My rankings of them are guaranteed to be at least as good as pretournament NCAA basketball polls. 10. Adam Marsh (?-1259, aka Doctor Illustris) Very little is known about Marsh, a Franciscan friar who was a student of Robert Grosseteste at Oxford. But Marsh was apparently an accomplished mathematician and was highly regarded by Roger Bacon, who considered Marsh in the same intellectual category as Grosseteste. That was high praise from Bacon, who thought most of his scientific contemporaries were dolts. 9. Zakariya al-Qazwini (c. 1203-1283) Al-Qazwini was born in Persia. He studied in Damascus and later became a judge in what is now Iraq. His own insights were not especially groundbreaking, but he had vast knowledge of science and wrote major works on geography and the nature of the universe. As with most scientists of the era, al-Qazwini’s ideas were mixed in with religion, but he did believe that appreciating the spiritual wonder in the world required scientific knowledge about nature. That’s enough to get him into the Top 10, as there aren’t all that many candidates. 8. Henrik Harpestræng (?-1244) Reputed to be the physician for King Erik Plovpenning of Denmark, Harpestræng wrote treatises on the medical use of herbs and other drugs and was a major figure in bringing “modern” medicine to Scandinavian countries. Roskilde, the capital of Denmark in those days, became an important center for studying medicine thanks to Harpestræng’s influence. 7. Peter Nightingale (aka Peter Philomena of Dacia, Petrus Danus) His birth and death dates are unknown, but Nightingale was active in the last decade of the 13th century as a mathematician and astronomer. Originally from Denmark, he taught in Bologna and spent time in Paris before returning to Denmark. He wrote an important commentary on arithmetic, proposed a new way of calculating cube roots, and authored many important astronomical tables, some especially valuable for calendrical purposes. He also constructed novel astronomical instruments for computing the positions of the planets. 6. Witelo of Silesia (d. after 1275) A Polish natural philosopher, Witelo apparently wrote several treatises on various earth, space and biological sciences, but most of them have not survived. A major work on optics, though, is enough to establish him as one of the century’s top thinkers. He surveyed the geometry of light rays, the nature of color and explored the physiology of vision and the nature of perceptual illusions. Witelo seems to have been influenced by Grosseteste and Bacon; in turn Witelo’s work influenced many later scientists, including Descartes and Galileo. 5. Leonardo Fibonacci (c. 1170-after 1240, aka Leonardo of Pisa) Western Europe’s first big-name mathematician, Leonardo learned math as an accountant for his father’s business. That job took him traveling to places like Syria and Egypt, in the course of which he found out about Arabic numerals, which he introduced to Europe to make every accountant’s life easier. He is also famous for the series of numbers named for him in which each number is the sum of the preceding two. So if a test asks you what number comes next in the series 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13 ... a good guess would be 21. 4. Peter Peregrinus (aka Pierre de Maricourt) Dates for birth and death unknown, but his most famous work, a treatise on magnetism, was completed in 1269. He might have been an engineer who served in the army of the King of Sicily during a campaign against the city of Lucera in Italy. Peter’s work provided the first comprehensive account of all the scientific aspects of magnetism. He particularly emphasized the physics of magnetic polarity and suggested improvements in magnetic compasses. His treatise was instrumental in the modern science of magnetism initiated by William Gilbert more than three centuries later. 3. Saint Albertus Magnus (c. 1200-1280, aka Albert the Great, Doctor Universalis) Very few scientists achieve sainthood or get nicknamed “the great,” but Albert was exceptional. Born in Bavaria, he studied in Italy where he learned all about Aristotle before becoming a Dominican preacher. He later taught in Germany before studying theology in Paris. Albert wrote on all aspects of science and played a major role in bringing Aristotelian science to western Europe through elaborate commentaries on Aristotle’s works. On matters that Aristotle hadn’t treated, Albert filled in the gap. Albert was a master of the entire spectrum of scientific knowledge; he emphasized that the scientific understanding of reality was compatible with religion and theology. His most famous student was Saint Thomas Aquinas. Albert himself was awarded sainthood in 1931. In 1941 Pope Pius XII designated him the patron saint for scientific researchers. One notable contemporary was not so impressed with Albert, though. Roger Bacon wrote that Albert’s useful writings could have been summed up in a 20th of his works’ actual length. 2. Roger Bacon (c. 1214-1292, aka Doctor Mirabilis) Some consider Bacon the first modern scientist. Some older sources say he was a student of Grosseteste’s at Oxford, but there may not be solid evidence for that. In any case, Bacon was certainly influenced by Grosseteste, whose work he admired. Later Bacon studied at Paris, perhaps under Peter Peregrinus. Bacon was a shrill advocate for experiment; he was an independent thinker, disdainful of authority and did not suffer fools well, all excellent qualities for a good scientist. Bacon became a Franciscan friar, though, and the Franciscans kept him quiet. He nevertheless wrote on all areas of science and made remarkably prescient forecasts of future developments, even envisioning machines for traveling on land or water, submarines and air travel. 1. Robert Grosseteste (c. 1170-1253) An intellectual giant, no matter that his last name translates as “fathead.” He both recognized the importance of Aristotle but also insisted that experiments, not Aristotle’s writings, settled questions about nature. Grosseteste was an expert on every area of knowledge, and he established the scientific spirit in the minds of many medieval scholars. His treatises and philosophy influenced and inspired all the great thinkers that followed him in the 13th century, including Bacon and Albertus Magnus. Grosseteste emphasized the importance of mathematics and applied it in detail to optics and other realms of natural science. Most of all, he emphasized that reason was not incompatible with religious faith, and that finding the rational explanations for the entirety of natural phenomena was a noble undertaking. “Truly Grosseteste was one of the great encyclopedic thinkers of the world,” his biographer Francis Seymour Stevenson wrote in the 19th century. “In the domain of intellectual activity Grosseteste must ... be regarded as the founder and inspirer of ... the encyclopedic school of the thirteenth century, imparting to it a unity of purpose and a loftiness of conception to which those who followed him hardly ever attained.” Follow me on Twitter: @tom_siegfried معاون فرهنگی و اجتماعی وزیر علوم خبر داد انجمن های علمی در بازبینی بخشنامه به انجمن های علمی و فناوری تبدیل می شوند به گزارش دانلود عکس، معاون فرهنگی و اجتماعی وزیر علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری با اشاره به اینکه بحث بازبینی بخشنامه انجمن های علمی در دستور کار معاونت فرهنگی و اجتماعی وزارت علوم قرار گرفته است، اظهار داشت: یکی از محورهای آن، بازبینی بر محور تکنولوژیهای جدید است، پس انجمن های علمی در ساختار جدید به انجمن های علمی و فناوری تبدیل می شوند. به گزارش دانلود عکس به نقل از ایسنا، دکتر عبدالحسین کلانتری در آیین اختتامیه دهمین «جشنواره درون دانشگاهی حرکت» دانشگاه جامع علمی کاربردی که به میزبانی استان قزوین برگزار شد، «جشنواره حرکت» را رویدادی بزرگ در عرصه رقابت علمی کشور برشمرد و تصریح کرد: انجمن های علمی به مثابه پویاترین بخش دانشجویی، نقشی بی بدیل در سرزندگی و رشد علمی دانشگاه ها دارند که ثمره این فعالیت ها در طول یک سال تحصیلی، در بستر رقابتی یک رویداد بزرگ علمی تحت عنوان جشنواره حرکت نمایش داده می شود. وی با بیان اینکه همت وزارت علوم بر این امر استوار است تا مهارت افزایی را به حوزه آموزش دانشگاهی تزریق کند، اضافه کرد: خوشبختانه دانشگاه جامع علمی کاربردی پیشاپیش به استقبال مبحث مهارت افزایی در آموزش عالی رفته و این مهم را با تلفیق علم و مهارت در ساختار آموزشی خود نهادینه کرده است؛ بنابراین این دانشگاه به معنای دقیق کلمه پاسخگوی نیاز امروز و دانشگاه نسل فرداست و امروز جامعه به آموزش های مهارتی نیاز مبرم دارد. دکتر کلانتری ضمن اشاره به این که تعامل میان دانش استاد و تجربه دانشجو، وجه ممتاز دانشگاه جامع علمی کاربردی است، اظهار نمود: تعامل دانش استادی و تجارب
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都”,立着世界上最大的龙虾,10.7米长,5米高,在夏季举办的龙虾节,除可品尝美味的深海龙虾之外,还有游行、烟火及各种表演活动。 第5天 柏顿 - 里穆斯基 - 蒙特利尔 (1368 公里) 早餐后,抵达海洋省份纽宝士省参观著名的三文鱼故乡-柏顿,与世界最大三文鱼合影留念。接下来我们将参观位于St-Flavie的海事纪念馆,在此可以登上加拿大第二高灯塔,了解200年里发生的许多事件和动人的故事。之后前往“鹿之城”里木斯基享用午餐,约晚上9点抵达蒙特利尔。 Hello! Mr. Rhino iPhoneOgraphy – 18 Oct 2016 (Day 292/366) A rhinoceros (meaning “nose horn”), often abbreviated to rhino, is one of any five extant species of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae, as well as any of the numerous extinct species. Two of these extant species are native to Africa and three to Southern Asia. Members of the rhinoceros family are characterized by their large size (they are some of the largest remaining megafauna, with all of the species able to reach one tonne or more in weight); as well as by an herbivorous diet; a thick protective skin, 1.5–5 cm thick, formed from layers of collagen positioned in a lattice structure; relatively small brains for mammals this size (400–600 g); and a large horn. They generally eat leafy material, although their ability to ferment food in their hind gut allows them to subsist on more fibrous plant matter, if necessary. Unlike other perissodactyls, the two African species of rhinoceros lack teeth at the front of their mouths, relying instead on their lips to pluck food. Rhinoceros are killed by humans for their horns, which are bought and sold on the black market, and which are used by some cultures for ornamental or traditional medicinal purposes. East Asia, specifically Vietnam, is the largest market for rhino horns. By weight, rhino horns cost as much as gold on the black market. People grind up the horns and then consume them believing the dust has therapeutic properties. The horns are made of keratin, the same type of protein that makes up hair and fingernails. Both African species and the Sumatran rhinoceros have two horns, while the Indian and Javan rhinoceros have a single horn. The word rhinoceros is derived through Latin from the Ancient Greek: νόκερως, which is composed of (rhino-, “nose”) and (keras, “horn”). The plural in English is rhinoceros or rhinoceroses. The collective noun for a group of rhinoceroses is crashor herd. The name has been in use since the 14th century. The family Rhinocerotidae consists of only four extant genera: Ceratotherium (White rhinoceros), Dicerorhinus (Sumatran rhinoceros), Diceros (Black rhinoceros) and Rhinoceros (Indian and Javan rhinoceros). The living species fall into three categories. The two African species, the white rhinoceros and the black rhinoceros, belong to the tribe Dicerotini, which originated in the middle Miocene, about 14.2 million years ago. The species diverged during the early Pliocene (about 5 million years ago). The main difference between black and white rhinos is the shape of their mouths – white rhinos have broad flat lips for grazing, whereas black rhinos have long pointed lips for eating foliage. There are two living Rhinocerotini species, the Indian rhinoceros and the Javan rhinoceros, which diverged from one another about 10 million years ago. The Sumatran rhinoceros is the only surviving representative of the most primitive group, the Dicerorhinini, which emerged in the Miocene (about 20 million years ago). A subspecific hybrid white rhino (Ceratotherium s. simum × C. s. cottoni) was bred at the Dvur Králové Zoo (Zoological Garden Dvur Kralove nad Labem) in the Czech Republic in 1977. Interspecific hybridization of black and white rhinoceros has also been confirmed. While the black rhinoceros has 84 chromosomes (diploid number, 2N, per cell), all other rhinoceros species have 82 chromosomes. However, chromosomal polymorphism might lead to varying chromosome counts. For instance, in a study there were three northern white rhinoceroses with 81 chromosomes. Antonio Bocchetti, il 25enne napoletano accusato di aver accoltellato sei volte la sua ex compagna 19enne, si e’ avvalso della facolta’ di non rispondere davanti al gip Chiara Bardi che ha convalidato l’arresto e ordinato il trasferimento al carcere di Napoli di Poggioreale. Si e’ mostrato pero’ pentito e ha spiegato, ancora con molta confusione, di non aver capito perche’ abbia usato tanta violenza e soprattutto ha riferito al suo avvocato di essere addolorato per il gesto. Tre giorni fa ha aspettato la madre di suo figlio, di appena 13 mesi, davanti alla spiaggia del Lungomare di Napoli. Quando l’ha vista arrivare gli si e’ parato contro chiedendole di tornare assieme. Un ennesimo tentativo dopo i continui ‘no’ rimediati da Morena Albino, 19 anni. Quando gli amici con i quali la ragazza era arrivata al mare si sono tuffati, lui ha estratto un coltello e l’ha colpita sei volte perforandole un polmone. E’ accusato di tentato omicidio e sia ai carabinieri che lo avevano fermato pochi istanti dopo, sia al gip, non ha saputo spiegare il motivo per il quale ha commesso questo reato. Morena sa che lo ha fatto per gelosia e sul suo profilo Facebook scrive: “Deve pagare per quello che ha fatto”. یخچال های درب فرانسوی بسیار محبوب هستند. بر اساس بررسی های صورت گرفته، یخچالهای درب فرانسوی 64 درصد از یخچال های خریداری شده در سال 2019 را تشکیل می دهند و تا نیمه اول سال 2020 همچنان پرفروش ترین سبک یخچال ها بودند. با توجه به پیکربندی های مقرون به صرفهتر یخچال، مانند یخچال های فریزر بالا (که در دسترستر هستند)، تنها پنج درصد را تشکیل می دهند، می توان گفت که خریداران یخچال های درب فرانسوی را بیشتر می خرند زیرا آنها را دوست دارند. تنها به همین دلیل، ارزش این را دارد که به این سبک یخچال را مورد بررسی قرار دهیم و همهچیز در مورد این مدل یخچال ها را بررسی کنیم تا ببینیم چرا این یخچال بسیار دوست داشتنی است، همراه با برخی ویژگی های جدید که باعث می شود کاربران دوباره عاشق شوند. چرا یخچال های درب فرانسوی بسیار محبوب هستند؟ به طور متوسط، یک خانواده معمولی یک محفظه یخچال را 20 بار در روز باز می کند، در حالی که فریزر حدود پنج بار در روز باز می شود. با این حال، سبک های یخچال، مانند یخچال های فریزر بالا، فریزر را با قرار دادن آن در ارتفاع شانه ها در اولویت قرار می دهند و کاربران را ملزم می کند تا برای دسترسی به محفظه یخچال خم شوند. با این حال، یخچال فریزر های تک درب نیز مشکلات خاص خود را دارند. مهمتر از همه، یخچال فریزر های کمتر تر از 80 سانتی متری با مشکلاتی در بالانس کردن درب یخچال در هنگام بارگیری و انتقال کامل مواجه بودند در حالی که یخچال های ساید بای ساید دسترسی مساوی به محفظه های یخچال و فریزر، به علاوه درهای باریک تری را فراهم می کنند که فضاساز هستند، بسیاری از مصرف کنندگان به پیکربندی باریک فریزر اشاره دارند. هنگامی که یخچال های درب فرانسوی برای اولین بار در دهه 90 وارد بازار شدند با ترکیب پیکربندی درب یخچال ساید بای ساید و یک فریزر پایین که محفظه یخچال را تا سطح چشم بالا می برد، مشکلات فوق را حل کردند. در نتیجه، کاربران با دسترسی راحت به فریزر در زیر، به راحتی به قسمت های مورد استفاده یخچال دسترسی پیدا می کنند. ابعاد رایج درب فرانسوی به طور معمول، یخچالهای درب فرانسوی با اندازه کامل، معمولاً در عرض 90 سانتی متری و ارتفاع 175 سانتی متر یا 182 سانتی متر عرضه می شوند. با این حال، برای آشپزخانه هایی که از نظر فضا تنگ تر هستند، یخچال های درب فرانسوی 83 و 75 سانتی متری نیز وجود دارند. مطمئن شوید که راهنمای خرید یخچال ما را بررسی کنید تا به شما در تصمیم گیری در مورد بهترین اندازه برای آشپزخانه شما کمک کند. تنظیمات درب فرانسوی یخچال های درب فرانسوی به دلیل چیدمان منحصر به فرد خود، مجموعه ای غنی از پیکربندی ها را ارائه می دهند که هر کدام برای مطابقت با نیاز های مختلف نگهداری مواد غذایی طراحی شده اند. یکی از ویژگی های درب فرانسوی ها طراحی درب یخچال در بالا و بصورت مجزا می باشد که هر مدل دارای یک دستگاه آب سرد کن و یخسار است. این اتفاق باعث می شود تا تطبیق پذیری یخچال های درب فرانسوی را بیش از پیش به نمایش بگذارد. دلایل خرید یخچال درب فرانسوی 3 درب در ساده ترین شکل، یخچال درب فرانسوی 3 درب همچنان بسیار کارآمد است. چیدمان یخچال در بالا گسترده است و با باز کردن یک در به آن دسترسی خواهید داشت که به ماندن هوای سرد در داخل کمک می کند و کارایی را افزایش می دهد. از آنجایی که بیشتر فضا به نیمه بالایی اختصاص داده شده است، یخچالهای درب فرانسوی 3 درب برای خانه هایی که کودکان کوچک نیازی به دسترسی به وسایل داخل محفظه یخچال ندارند، مناسب هستند. دلایل خرید یخچال درب فرانسوی 4 درب از سوی دیگر، یخچال های درب فرانسوی 4 در به کاهش مشکل دسترسی محدود برای اعضای خردسال خانواده کمک می کند. ارتفاع منحصر به فرد کشو وسط به عنوان یک مکان ایده آل برای ذخیره تنقلات، خوراکی ها و غذا های مورد علاقه در ارتفاع مناسبی که همه می توانند به آن دسترسی پیدا کنند، عمل می کند. از زمان معرفی این ویژگی یخچال منعطف، برخی از تولید کنندگان با تبدیل کشوی میانی مواد غذایی به یک محفظه یخچال قابل تبدیل، کاربرد بیشتری را اضافه کردهاند. بنابراین، اگر کاربران به فضای بیشتری برای نگهداری کیک تولد یخ زده نیاز دارند، به عنوان مثال، می توانند به سادگی کشو را به فضای فریزر اضافی تبدیل کنند، سپس زمانی که دیگر به فضا نیازی نیست، به محفظه یخچال برگردند و به عنوان یک مزیت اضافی، این کشو های یخچال تخصصی به افزایش کارایی کمک می کند، زیرا در مقایسه با 50 درصد فضای یخچال با یخچال 3 درب فرانسوی، پس از باز شدن، قسمت کوچکتر به راحتی خنک می شود. دلایل خرید یخچال درب فرانسوی 5 درب در حال حاضر، KitchenAid تنها سازنده ای است که یخچال فریزر 5 درب فرانسوی در بازار دارد. علاوه بر افزایش انعطاف پذیری ذخیره سازی، استفاده از پنج در، راه دیگری را برای کنترل آب و هوا، ذخیره سازی مواد غذایی، مانند نوسانات دمایی زیاد هنگام خروج هوای سرد از محفظه اصلی، فراهم می کند. طراحی درب در درب ال جی به عنوان مبتکر این فناوری، یک یا دو چیز درباره یخچال های درب فرانسوی درب در درب می داند. اما از زمان آغاز به کار، خریداران می توانند این ویژگی را در چندین برند از جمله سامسونگ و... پیدا کنند. ویژگی درب در درب در یخچال (معمولاً در سمت راست بالا) تعبیه شده است. کاربران می توانند از درب اختصاصی به طور مستقل برای باز کردن و گرفتن اقلام معمولی مانند چاشنی ها، نوشیدنی ها یا تنقلات استفاده کنند، یا به صورت هماهنگ با کل درب برای دسترسی به یخچال اصلی دسترسی داشته باشند. باز هم، هدف تولید کنندگان به کارایی و عملی بودن می رسد. به جای باز کردن کل یخچال، ویژگی درب در درب به عنوان نوعی میانبر عمل می کند. از آنجایی که جبران افت دما در یک محفظه کوچک در یخچال آسانتر است، طراحی درب داخلی یخچال از کار بیش از حد جلوگیری می کند و کاربران را مجبور به جستجوی اقلام با در باز برای مدت طولانی نمی کند. در نهایت آنچه درباره یخچال های فرانسوی را باید بدانید ارائه کردیم تا بدانید یخچال های درب فرانسوی چه ویژگی های منحصربفردی دارند و با دلایل روشن دلیل محبوبیت آن ها را بررسی کردیم. حال اگر قصد خرید یخچال فریزر درب فرانسوی در طرح ها و ابعاد مختلف دارید می توانید از اینجا پیگیری کنید تا هم قیمت ها و ویژگی های بیشتری را دنبال کنید و هم اینکه به راحتی بتوانید یخچال مورد نظر خود را با قیمت مناسب تهیه کنید. 交易金额约为 4 亿美元。 聚碳酸机身也能完美支持无线充电,同时耐用性也较高。 苹果显然还没有放弃屏幕下指纹识别技术。 让镜头与传感器帮助车辆更好地理解周边环境。 KGI 分析师郭明池表示苹果明年会发布 3 款 iPhone。 使用率达到 54%,去年是 47%。 这位超级用户说出了一部分粉丝的心声。 可惜我们这边没卖的。 这个漏洞可以让一些外部人员访问智能锁和车库门这样的关键安全设施。 年度 iPhone App 和游戏分别是 Enlight Videoleap 和 Splitter Critters,iPad 的则是 Affinity Photo 和 Art of War: Red Tides。 Michelle Lee 此前在环球电视公司担任制作人。 续航方面,iPhone 8/8 Plus 和 iPhone X 的差距并不大。 Oil And Gas Conservation Oil and gas conservation effects your daily life in several ways: 1) As you conserve you own consumption of oil and gas, your fuel bills are reduced 2) Oil and gas conservation tends to reduce demand for oil and gas and this, in turn, tends to lower the price of fuels... as coal, oil, and gas. If people do not conserve the nonrenewable resources we have now, there might not be any left for future generations. In addition, energy conservation is important because when nonrenewable energy sources are consumed this impacts the environment. The combustion of oil, gas, and... Oil and natural gas are non-renewable sources of energy. There have been numerous attempts to minimize the danger of depletion of these two resources. Scientists have proposed many reasons for importance of their conservation and its convenient practical methods. Oil and natural gas conservation involvesthe... Conservation versus Preservation Dear editor in chief of the Central Kentucky News Journal, I am writing you this letter to inform you of how we must conserve the natural resources located in the Bridger Teton National Forest. If you are not aware of what the Bridger Teton National Forest is, it... Health advantages are claimed for a number of specific oils such as omega-3 oils, evening primrose oil, olive oil, and coconut oil. Trans fats, often produced by hydrogenating vegetable oils, are known to be harmful to health. Oil is used on hair to give it a lustrous look. It helps to avoid... Oil and gas conservation means their better and more efficient use with regard to economic social or environmental costs and benefits resulting in attainment of higher energy use efficienciesm minimixation of wasteful practices. WAYS TO CONSERVE OIL AND GAS IN OUR DAILY LIFE: generated from oil, coal or gas. Conservation measures have not stopped the increasing demand for energy use and the supply of these non-renewable resources is decreasing. Without interventions our country will face economic breakdown and a possible shortage of the food supply. Most of the oil and natural... Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitats. Among the goals of wildlife conservation are to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness lands to humans. Many... expensive. Nonrenewable energy is the type of energy that is produced by coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear energy, which all could be harmful to both humans and the environment. Each of you here tonight can help with the conservation of energy. What all of you can do to help in this is whenever possible walk... What is Conservation? Conservation is the use of less energy. The reduction or avoidance of energy loss, or waste by various means (Webster). Almost everyone across the globe uses energy everyday. Energy is used to power transportation, it is used to produce the food that we eat, energy is used for... HomeExamples and SamplesIs Oil and Gas Conservation Relevant? Is Oil and Gas Conservation Relevant? Oil and natural gas are non-renewable sources of energy. There have been numerous attempts to minimize the depletion of these two resources. Scientists have proposed many reasons for the high importance... About the oil press of "core competence is not single refers to the technology, also includes a host of other aspects, such as brand, service and so on."Since 2008, efforts to rebuild the system cut off the low end of the machine tool manufacturing, into outsourcing, palm oil plantwill market service... The purpose of wildlife conservation is to protect wild flora and fauna against the encroachment of expanding human activity. The planet’s human population grew by 1.6 billion people, between 1990 and 2010 (30% growth rate). The ever increasing amount of commercial activity that this brings with associated... Edible oil refining technology has become mature, but the environmental pollution and energy consumption problem is still outstanding, the introduction of high-end devices, though can achieve energy conservation and emissions reduction, but not fundamentally improved.Aiming at these problems, mainly... in the world we face today is energy conservation and finding alternate sources of energy or renewable energy sources to ease our dependence on foreign sources and non renewable energy sources. The world is consuming oil at an alarming rate and the price of oil keeps sky rocketing and it doesn’t seem... Energy generation and environmental conservation are the twin issues arising from exploitative interaction of man with natural resources. Report of the International Energy Agency contains a simple but remarkable statement: “Investment in energy conservation at the margin provides a better return... Energy Conservation In Your Life Grade Nine Science - Electricity Unit Toyota & Waterloo Region Education Alliance Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada Waterloo Catholic District School Board Waterloo Region District School Board © May 2005 NO PART OF THIS DOCUMENT MAY BE REPRODUCED... not ignore the body of conservation. Safely summer, rest, is
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, a major component of the Dead Sea mineral salt is sodium chloride, which is known to help lower blood pressure and relieve pain. Other uses include treating arthritis, inflammation of the heart, asthma, high blood pressure and curing cancer. Safeguards measure is an emergency measure in the event of increased imports of a particular product, when such imports have caused or threaten to cause serious injury to the domestic industry of the importing country. It is a temporary measure designed to curb imports and facilitate adjustment of particular industry to be more competitive. Safeguards measure can take the form of quantitative restrictions or tariff above the bound level. The following three criteria must be demonstrated in order to impose safeguards measure: - Surge of imports, relative or absolute; - The domestic industry producing the like product in the importing country is suffering serious injury or threat thereof; and - There is a causal link between the surge of imports and the serious injury Safeguards must be applied on non-selective basis. The measure must be progressively liberalized during the period of application. The WTO Agreement on Safeguards contains detailed procedural requirements on a number of issues, which are applicable at different stages of the safeguard proceeding. For further information, kindly log on to www.wto.org Need more assistance or information? If you would like to know more about dumping and subsidy matters, you are welcome to contact the Trade Practices Section: Trade Practices Section Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) 9th Floor, Menara MITI, No. 7, Jalan Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Email : [email protected] Facsimile : 03 - 62114429 Last Updated 2021-08-25 16:21:06 by Fauziah Osman These projects were funded by the Five Nations and were presented at the 2020 conference in Belfast. Project Name: Plastic Pollution... We are the Solution! Project Lead: Katie Shearer, Principal Teacher, St. Eunan's Primary School Project Overview and Aims: -To develop in pupils an awareness of environmental issues both locally and globally. -To enable pupils to think critically, discuss and debate the issues around pollution, environmental issues and stewardship. -To empower pupils, equipping them with the skills to become Stewards of the World. -To enable pupils to become active citizens in their local community. -To nurture political literacy in pupils. -To increase self confidence in pupils and their sense of being able to contribute positively in their community and wider society. Per l'economista francese, che ha da poco pubblicato un poderoso tomo dal titolo Capitale e ideologia, «l'aumento delle disuguaglianze socio-economiche è il problema fondamentale da affrontare». Per questo, sarà molto difficile prendere in considerazione soluzioni ad altre grandi sfide, a partire da quelle climatiche e migratorie, se non proviamo a «ridurre le disuguaglianze e costruire una società più equa» Pensiamo a Davos, sede del World Economic Forum. Il luogo del "potere invisibile" non è più invisibile da tempo. Ma, oggi, è anche meno imperturbabile se è vero - ed è vero, lo ricorda Véronique Crochon su Le Monde - che il dibattito sull'opportunità di tassare i grandi capitali ha fatto breccia persino tra i miliardari e gli executive delle granitiche Alpi svizzere. In una conferenza del 23 gennaio scorso, il multimiliardario Michael Dell, amministratore delegato dell'omonimo gigante della tecnologia, ha rispedito al mittente la proposta di Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez: tassare con un'aliquota d'imposta marginale del 70% sugli americani più ricchi? No, grazie. Ogni tassazione, avrebbe effetti castastrofici - ha sostenuto Dell. Normale routine e tutti d'accordo? Non proprio. Le parole di Dell, per il solo fatto di essere state pronunciate in quella sede, a molti sono sembrate "fessure nella Grande Muraglia". Quando capita, presto o tardi anche le barriere più solide si sgretolano. Tanto più che, replicando a Dell nel corso dello stesso panel, Erik Brynjolfsson, economista della MIT Sloan School of Management, si è preso la briga di riscaldare l'ambiente, ricordando come tra gli anni '30 e gli anni '60, l'aliquota fiscale media negli USA si avvicinasse al 70% e, soprattutto, coincidesse con «un buon momento per la crescita economica». Non proprio una catastrofe, dunque. Mentre il dibattito sulla tassazione delle ricchezze cresce, soprattutto negli USA, cresce esponenzialmente anche il divario tra gli ultra-ricchi e il resto della popolazione. Lo spiega Thomas Piketty, nel suo ultimo libro Capital et idéologie, (1232 pagine, euro 25) nelle librerie d'Oltralpe per le edizioni Seuil. L'autore del Capitale nel XXI secolo - testo di enorme successo, anche tra i non specialisti, nel quale l'economista francese, elaborando una mole di dati prima sconosciuta, ha modificato profondamente il dibattito sul rapporto tra ricchezza e ineguaglianza - pone un problema radicale e semplice. O, forse, radicale proprio perché esposto con semplicità: che cos'è la disuguaglianza? Scrive Piketty: «La disuguaglianza non è economica o tecnologica: è ideologica e politica». Tutto qua? Tutto qua. In altre parole, «il mercato e la concorrenza, i profitti e i salari, il capitale e il debito, i lavoratori qualificati e non qualificati, nazionali e stranieri, ma anche i paradisi fiscali e la competitività... non esistono in quanto tali». Sono costruzioni sociali, oltre che variabili storiche, che dipendono interamente dal sistema giuridico e fiscale, dalla politica educativa» e dalla costruzione intellettuale che permette di leggerle in una chiave invece che in un'altra. Per dirla con Michel Foucault: sono conseguenze di un complessivo ordine del discorso, che dalla culla alla tomba "lavora" per rendere naturale ciò che non lo è: la disuguaglianza tra gli uomini. appunto. Le situazioni di disuguaglianza materiale derivano dunque per Piketty dalle «rappresentazioni che ogni società si dà e dall'impegno che ci mette per operare o meno a favore della giustizia sociale e dell'economia equa». Le disuguaglianze, spiega inoltre Piketty nelle oltre milleduecento pagine del suo lavoro, sono relazioni. Relazioni di potere ideologico-politico tra diversi gruppi. La copertura ideologica assicura ai pochi una possibilità di governance e azzera le possibilità di governo per i molti. Insomma, la democrazia è messa sotto scacco non tanto dai populismi e dalla democrazie illiberali, che sono sintomi, ma dalla patologia che la segna: aver tradito un sogno di uguaglianza e parità non meramente formali. «Il punto importante è che queste relazioni di potere - conclude Piketty- non sono solo materiali: sono anche e soprattutto intellettuali. In altre parole, le idee e le ideologie contano nella storia e ci permettono di immaginare e strutturare costantemente nuovi mondi e società diverse». Da qui lo stallo attuale, ma anche la possibilità (molto remota) di uscirne. Toward a circular economy. It is not because a person has made a fortune at the age of 30 that they should continue to concentrate power at the age of 50, 70 or 90 years. The economy of the 21c must be based on the permanent circulation of power & wealth.https://t.co/WyzCgnBEJ4 pic.twitter.com/n7TcfMo5Qa— Thomas Piketty (@PikettyLeMonde) October 16, 2019 Torniamo a Davos e alle sue élites, meno solide di un tempo: «le élite delle diverse società, in ogni momento, e a tutte le latitudini, spesso tendono a "naturalizzare" la disuguaglianze, vale a dire cercare di dare loro una base naturale e obiettiva, per spiegare che le disparità sociali in atto sono nell'interesse dei più poveri e della società nel suo complesso, e che in ogni caso la loro attuale struttura è l'unica possibile, e nulla può essere sostanzialmente modificato senza causare immense disgrazie». L'esperienza storica mostra però il contrario. «L'aumento delle disuguaglianze socio-economiche, osservato nell'ambito della maggior parte dei paesi e delle regioni del mondo dagli anni '80 e '90, è uno degli sviluppi strutturali più preoccupanti con i quali il mondo si confronta all'inizio del XXI secolo». Per questo, spiega ancora Piketty, è molto difficile prendere in considerazione soluzioni ad altre grandi sfide, a partire dalle sfide climatiche e migratorie, se non mettiamo mano al problema cruciale: «bisogna ridurre le disuguaglianze e costruire una società più equa». Nel frattempo, il mondo brucia: crescono le "rivolte senza leader", movimenti acefali, dettati dalla rabbia e dalla frustrazione di non poter uscire dalla morsa di una disuguaglianza che cresce ogni giorno di più. E ogni giorno di più, proprio perché senza testa e senza progetto, finisce per alimentarla. Socialist Labor party Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Wikipedia. Socialist Labor party,in the United States, begun in 1877 by New York City socialists. Its membership came largely from German-American workingmen. During the 1880s a national organization was established and the party concentrated, unsuccessfully, on electoral politics. The depression conditions of the 1890s brought it renewed strength, and, under the leadership of Daniel De LeonDe Leon, Daniel , 1852–1914, American socialist leader. Born on the island of Curaçao of Spanish-American parents, he was educated in Germany and the Netherlands before going (1872) to New York City. There he edited a Spanish newspaper, studied law at Columbia (LL.B. ..... Click the link for more information. , a Marxist revolutionary, it emphasized militant labor activities and organized (1896) its own union. After many members who opposed the leadership of De Leon withdrew (1899) and joined the less militant Social Democratic party (see Socialist partySocialist party, in U.S. history, political party formed to promote public control of the means of production and distribution. In 1898 the Social Democratic party was formed by a group led by Eugene V. Debs and Victor Berger. ..... Click the link for more information. ), the Socialist Labor party did not regain its previous importance. Socialist Labor Party (SLP), a socialist party of the USA, founded in 1876; called the Workingmen’s Party of America until 1877. In the late 1870’s the leading positions in the Socialist Labor Party were seized by the Lassalleans. A change in the SLP’s political line became noticeable in the late 1880’s, as the party cultivated closer ties with the labor movement. However, in the late 1890’s, sectarian and syndicalist elements again became dominant. The revolutionary wing of the SLP welcomed Russia’s October Revolution but the party’s leaders called the revolution “premature.” The revolutionary wing then left the SLP to join the communist movement. Subsequently, membership of the SLP declined and the party was mainly linked with the intelligentsia. Die Hart The Movie 2023 izle (2020) Aksiyon ve komedinin bir arada olduğu 2023 filmi Die Hart The Movie filmcus.org adresinde Filmde kendisini canlandıran Kevin Hart, aksiyon yıldızı olma uğruna ölümü bile göze alarak bir maceraya atılıyor. John Travolta, Nathalie Emmanuel ve Josh Hartnett'in de yardımıyla amacına ulaşması mümkün olabilir. A vaccine for multiple sclerosis could be in the future. A VACCINE for avoiding multiple sclerosis has moved a step closer, as doctors believe they have discovered the cause of the disease. MS develops following two separate common infections which cause the body to attack itself, British research has found. And doctors now believe the development of a vaccine against one of the viruses may hold the key to future MS prevention. Approximately 100,000 people in the UK live with multiple sclerosis. The neurological condition is triggered when the immune system attacks the nerves, causing pain, fatigue, vision problems and spasms. What causes the body to begin attacking itself has never been identified. But scientists at the University of Glasgow and Harvard University in the US suggest exposure to two common infections — threadworms followed by the Epstein-Barr virus — may be the trigger. The findings therefore suggest that developing a vaccine or drugs to stop people getting the Epstein-Barr virus could also make them immune to multiple sclerosis. Professor John Paul Leach, consultant neurologist at the University of Glasgow, said: ‘MS is a condition where the body produces antibodies against itself for reasons that have never been understood and goes against its own nervous system. It is odd that we have never found out why some people are more prone than others. |Read on: Multiple sclerosis study claims discovery of cause of the disease | Daily Telegraph| Due to the popularisation of video sharing servers and their successful impact on the viewing audiences, the drop in prices of consumer video production equipment and the accessibility to editing software, the production of educational videos has become a considerable resource for educators. In Higher Education (HE) video is not only being produced as a means of conveying learning messages to distant students but to attempting to enrich the academic practice of enthusiast practitioners who decide to use video - either self-produced, commercially produced or custom produced and shared over the net - for an educational purpose. In an analysis of the target audiences of four different HE groups at Lancaster University, UK that used video during their courses – webcast environment for video lecturing, VLE with just-in-time video explanations, video interviews as discussion enhancer and video recording of the performance of dance students - it was observed that a target audience that is fostered to commit in critical thinking activities tends to benefit more from this kind of medium. It was learnt from the studies, that when it is about educational digital video, a user-centred approach for the development of the online environment where the videos are going to be delivered, and a full integration of the media with the course curriculum tend to be necessary but insufficient conditions to engage the students to watch the educational videos. It was observed that if no higher order skills are fostered by means of the video-rich activity – such as analysis, reflection, problem solving, or group discussion - the students tend to neglect the video. The implications of fostering critical thinking by means of video rich learning activities are explained by means of the analyses of thetwo case studies in which a 100% of the target audience was reached. [-] 在哈里波特魔幻系列故事中,作者罗琳老师“创造”出了一种巫师球类体育运动,名为Quidditch/地奇比赛(具体规则参见后面的wiki)。 而近日,在美国 Middlebury College 一群学生正模拟哈利波特中 Quidditch 运动的方式,举办了一个真正的 Quidditch 世界杯比赛。 别惊,这不可不是第一届。Middlebury College 的学生于6年前想到这个有趣的点子,并开始小范围的模拟比赛,进而在当地传开,渐渐的有了大规模的比赛。去年他们举办的Quidditch World Cup 就吸引了2万名观众,而今天就参赛球队来说就有700多个。 oioi:麻瓜世界的人们正试图通过这种运动,学会巫师们的要领,取代他们的地位。 正式的比赛有点类似球或者手球。球员必须手指扫,将鬼球扔进对方球门。同时有追求手负责追赶金色飞球(oioi:不爱明白这个用什么模拟) 实际上比赛更像是一个哈利波特爱好者的聚会吧,或者魔幻 COSPLAY大展?! 他们比赛联盟的 facebook [-] [-] [-] 给这篇稿打赏,让译者更有动力 ZAMBOANGA (AA) - Filipinler'de, Filipinler Komünist Partisi'nin (CPP) silahlı kanadı Yeni Halk Ordusu'nun (NPA) üst düzey bir liderlerinin öldürüldüğü iddia edildi. Yerel basında yer alan haberlere göre, Yüzbaşı Danny Boy Tapang, NPA kumandanlarından Noel Gulmatico ve bir arkadaşının dün ordu ile örgüt arasında çıkan çatışma sırasında öldürüldüğünü belirtti. Olay yerinde çok güçlü iki tüfek bulunurken, çatışmada ölenlerin cesetleri sivil yetkililere teslim edildi. NPA, Filipinler'de 1969'dan bu yana saldırılar düzenliyor. Asya'nın en uzun soluklu direniş hareketlerinden biri kabul edilen örgütün silahlı eylemlerinde resmi rakamlara göre 40 bine yakın kişi hayatını kaybetti. Taraflar arasında süren barış görüşmeleri, hükümetin tutuklu isyancıları serbest bırakmayı reddetmesi üzerine Şubat 2013'te sona ermişti. Örgüte mensup 4 bine yakın militanın bulunduğu Filipinler'de mayıs ayında yapılan devlet başkanlığı seçimini kazanan ve 30 Haziran'da görevine başlayan Duterte, seçildikten hemen sonra Filipinler Komünist Partisi üyelerine kabinede yer verebileceğini ve Ebu Seyyaf örgütü ile görüşebileceğini açıklamıştı. Duterte, dün uyuşturucu kaçakçılarıyla mücadelede komünist liderlerden yardım istemişti. A Bank of England supremo said it would be "easy" to stop inflation from racing ahead despite "printing" £75 billion of money to boost the economy. Writing in the Daily Mail, the bank's deputy governor Charlie Bean said although it sounded "too good to be true", the extra money was needed to help save the country from a "particularly nasty recession". The cash injection - technically known as quantitative easing - happens through the central bank buying up a range of financial assets from the private sector. It is designed to bolster firms' spending power for other goods and services, helping to drive up economic activity. Mr Bean said: "In normal times. an injection of extra money of this magnitude might be expected to lead to too much money and spending in the economy and a rise in inflation. "But right now, there is not enough money and spending in the economy and that is what we need to rectify. Funny. Wasn't the ostensible reason to prevent deflation last week ? (Inflation is currently 1% higher than HMGs 2% target). Now the problem is that "there is not enough money and spending in the economy". It's a long long time since I studied economics and I'm sure it shows. But if there's not enough spending (aka the money's velocity is too low) will adding more improve things ? Will the dosh go to improve
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دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز ادامه داد: در چهار سال گذشته دانشگاه در مقطع کارشناسی ارشد 400 دانشجو و سال های بعد از آن 900 دانشجو سپس 1500 دانشجو و امسال 2 هزار و 69 دانشجوی ارشد پذیرش کرده است درحالی که دوره کارشناسی افزایش نیافته است این آمارها نشان از حرکت دانشگاه به سمت دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی دارد. وی افزود: امسال 256 نفر هم دانشجوی دکتری پذیرش شده که حدود 10 درصد دانشجویان استعداد درخشان به آن اضافه می شوند. مروتی تاکید کرد: ما معتقدیم که دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز پتاسیل این را دارد که به یک دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی تبدیل شود. وی یادآورشد: برهمین اساس برنامه دانشگاه این است که دوره کارشناسی را به مرور به دانشگاههای جدید التاسیس مانند دانشگاه، هویزه، بهبهان، خرمشهر و دزفول واگذار کرده و خود به مرکز تحصیلات تکمیلی تبدیل شود. This method is designated by the term "cava" in Spain and by "Metodo classico" in Italy - Phase 1 : Making the base wine Whole clusters of healthy grapes are pressed. The press fractions are separated as a function of quality. Harvesting, grape transport and the press method used are all important. Presses are meticulously cared for and regulated by law. - Phase 2 : Transforming the still base wine into a sparkling wine. This transformation occurs in the bottle. - During bottling (commonly known as tirage), the following are added to the base wine: - Riddling agents. This bottle fermentation is known as the prise de mousse and it leads to the following: - Disappearance of the sugar - Formation of alcohol (1.3% vol.) - Production of carbon dioxide gas - Formation of a deposit. - Bottle ageing (minimum 15 months) - Clarification in the bottle = riddling = turning the bottles to collect the deposit in the bottle neck. - Final phases : - Disgorging = removing the deposit from the bottle - Dosage = adding the expedition liqueur - Corking = inserting the cork stopper - Wiring = placing a wire cap over the cork - Foiling, labelling. ©Photo Alain Cornu Who Needs a Wheelchair? Kids can need wheelchairs for many different reasons. Some have had injuries either to their legs or spine, which controls leg movement. Others have disabilities due to muscular dystrophy or cerebral palsy. In some cases, kids have wheelchairs but don't need to use them all the time. For example, they might be able to walk with the aid of crutches or a walker sometimes. What Does a Wheelchair Do? Today's wheelchairs are light, fast, and easy to use. Many use computer technology and offer better support for a person's back, neck, head, and legs. They also include safety features such as automatic brakes and anti-tipping devices. Power wheelchairs have many advantages for kids who need them. Electronic controllers can help a kid who uses a wheelchair drive smoothly, brake easily, and make the wheelchair move with the touch of a hand or even by puffing on a special straw! Some hand controllers look like a joystick used to play video games and are easy to operate. What's Life Like? Kids who use wheelchairs usually fall into two categories: kids who use them for a short time (for instance, kids who broke a leg or had surgery) and those who use them for a long time, or permanently. Even though kids who use a wheelchair for a short time may feel frustrated or sad about relying on others to get around, they know that someday the wheelchair won't be necessary. For kids who depend on a wheelchair for the long term, life is different. They'll need to learn how to use the wheelchair in lots of different situations — at home, in school, while away on vacation. In some cases, it will be hard to use the wheelchair or it might take a long time. That can be frustrating, but wheelchairs are getting better all the time. People who use wheelchairs can shop, work, go to school, play, drive cars — even compete in some special types of sports competitions. But they also must look for handicapped-accessible buildings, special ramps, parking places, and environments that are wheelchair-friendly. Sometimes, a person who uses a wheelchair may be teased, feel left out, or get treated differently than other kids. So the next time you see a kid using a wheelchair, try to be a friend. Usually, kids in wheelchairs don't need to be pushed around, but they might need other kinds of help. Opening a door or clearing the path will be appreciated. But the best help of all is to be kind and friendly and not to tease or stare. People who use wheelchairs are the same as everyone else. They just get around on wheels instead of feet! Note: All information is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor. © 1995- KidsHealth® All rights reserved. Images provided by The Nemours Foundation, iStock, Getty Images, Veer, Shutterstock, and Clipart.com. Bir tren yolculuğu sırsında tesadüfen tanışan genç bir adam ve bir kadın, Viyana'ya doğru seyahat etmektedir. Kısa sürede birbirleri ile çok iyi anlaşan ve oldukça uyumlu olan çift, sanki birbirleri için yaratılmışlardır. Yolculuk sonunda Viyana'da güzel bir gece geçirmeye başlamışlardır. Ancak bu güzel gece muhtemelen tek seferlik olacaktır. Gecenin sonunda yeni çiftin yolları ayrılacak ve ikili yeniden yalnızlıklarıyla baş başa kalacaktır. filmizle720p.net keyifli seyirler diler. گراند پالاس یکی از جذاب ترین اماکن گردشگری بانکوک به شمار می رود که در سال ۱۷۸۲ و به دستور شاه راما اول بنا نهاده شده است. این مکان به مدت ۱۵۰ سال محل اقامت پادشاه تایلند بود اما امروزه فقط برای انجام مراسم سلطنتی مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. گرند پالاس مجموعه ای از چند ساختمان است که حدود ۲۱۸ هزار متر مربع مساحت دارد و در ساحل رودخانه ی چائو فرایا واقع شده است. حیاط داخلی گرند پالاس مخصوص پادشاه و ملکه بوده در حیاط بیرونی معبد بودای زمردین قرار دارد که بسیار زیبا است. تنها امکان بازدید از ۲ سالن وجود دارد و بقیه را باید از بیرون تماشا کنید. برای بازدید از این مکان باید لباس مناسب و پوشیده بر تن داشته باشید در غیر این صورت باید از ورودی ساختمان لباس مناسب را کرایه کنید. همه روزه از ساعت ۸.۳۰ صبح تا ۳.۳۰ بعد از ظهر می توانید از این مکان بازدید کنید. Address: Na Phra Lan Rd, Khwaeng Phra Borom Maha Ratchawang, Khet Phra Nakhon, Krung Thep Maha Nakhon 10200, Thailand Proper hydration is critical for your overall health. It helps make sure that your systems are working properly. It replenishes water loss from skin, breath, urine, and stools. Sixty percent of our weight is from water as well. This miracle elixir sustains us and helps keep our bodies in sync, so why is it that so many people do not adequately hydrate throughout the day? In a world of convenience, it is easy to reach for whatever beverage is available, and there is always a stash of something just around the corner. Sugary drinks like juices and sodas are in endless supply. Yes, they contain water, but, they also have added sugars. A 12 oz. can of cola has around 39 grams of sugar while a 20 oz. Mountain Dew has a whopping 77 grams. Fruit juice seems like a better alternative to soda, but it packs a sugar-filled punch too. Apple juice contains as much sugar as soda. You may be getting some Vitamin C, and other antioxidants but is the tradeoff worth it? When you are thirsty, it is best to reach for good old-fashioned water! Your individual water needs will depend on multiple factors. Climate, environment, exercise, underlying health conditions, altitude, and more will determine the exact amount you need. There is no hard and fast rule for consumption either, which can be confusing. We have all heard we need to drink eight glasses a day, but these are guidelines. The Health and Medicine Division of The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine recommends that men consume around 3.7 liters of water and women take in 2.7 liters of a combination of liquids and foods. You do not have to guzzle this amount of water to stay properly hydrated. By including water dense foods into your diet, you can help reach your goals too! Water is needed to maintain balance within your body. Because so much is lost via bodily fluids, it needs to be replaced to keep your systems in check. Internally, water is at work in your cells and your tissues. It helps your joints stay lubricated and flushes out toxins. Without water, your body would not be able to remove waste via perspiration, urine, and stools. It helps your kidneys, liver, and intestines rid themselves of rubbish. It assists in digestion. In essence, water is a miracle beverage necessary for life. Here at Fountain of You we advocate a diet that is as close to nature as possible. What better way to stay true to nature and help your body than by making sure you are hydrated by consuming your daily water needs? We value health and well-being; it is at the heart of everything we do. There are simple steps you can take each day that will provide you with powerful, long-term rewards, and drinking H20 is one of them. You might have first heard about cupping during the Olympics in Rio, right after everyone noticed the red marks on Michael Phelps shoulders and back. Çupping has been a pain remedy for the Ancient Egyptians and Chinese long before the 2016 Olympics. Scriptures date it back as far as 1500BC. Likewise you may have also noticed colored tape on the bodies of athletes in several sports. These are Kinesio taping and cross taping methods in use. Cupping soothes pain and tension in the muscles. While Kinesio taping and cross taping is used support, stimulate or relax muscles underlying the skin they are applied to. We spoke with Dr. Barbara Baroni Physiatrist in Orthopedic Rehabilitation at Humanitas in Rozzano, for details on these orthopedic rehab techniques. How does cupping work? A cup is applied to your skin while the oxygen is sucked out of the cup with a flame or by aspiration using a special gun. “When you create a vacuum, the skin and the underlying layer are sucked, drawing more blood to the area. The increased blood supply and the heat produced stimulate muscle relaxation and alleviate pain. The treatment lasts up to 20 minutes”, explains Dr. Baroni. Kinesio taping and cross taping Kinesio taping is the application of an elastic cotton patch. It can be used for the treatment of small lesions both neurological and orthopedic. It is applied on the skin and depending in a specific location, direction and tension depending on the injury. Once placed it can either stimulate a hypotonic muscle or relax an overloaded one. Specifically, it acts by stimulating nerve receptors on the skin which communicate with the underlying muscles. Cross taping involves the use of special crossed, non-elastic bandages. Their application stimulates acupuncture points reducing swelling and inflammation. This method can be used with Kinesio taping, which amplifies the pain-killing effect. For both cupping therapy and the application of kinesio and cross taping it is important to rely on expert therapists. Department of the Army Historical Summary: FY 1984 After a post Vietnam period of intense analysis, discussion, and debate, the Army changed the operations doctrine as expressed in FM 100-5. Among the reasons for the Army's shift in operational emphasis were the rapid technological changes in weapon firepower and mobility as well as a growing disparity between the strength of allied and Soviet bloc conventional forces. The original doctrinal revisions, first published in 1976, were revised again in 1982. Because the 1976 version was a radical change from previous operations doctrine, it remained the subject of intense debate within and outside the Army. In fact, the 1982 revision represented a departure from the 1976 version in several major aspects. However, all doctrine is dynamic and the 1982 version is not yet final as current discussion and debate prove. FM 100-5 is the capstone Army manual and directly or indirectly affects every aspect of Army force structure and operations. The doctrine stated that the Army might face two different combat environments in the future. The first was a "sophisticated battlefield with an existing infrastructure of communications, air defense, logistics facilities, and ports," such as found in a European type of theater of operations. The other would be an arena where the Army would either have "to create an infrastructure or . . . fight without one," for example in Southwest Asia or sub-Saharan Africa. The opponents could range from well-armed insurgents or terrorists to mechanized and armored units with the most advanced weaponry. Army doctrine also warned that future conflict would likely be intense, expensive, and very lethal; the use of nuclear and chemical weapons was not ruled out. FM 100-5 postulated that the Army faced four challenges: 1. A battlefield of non-linear maneuver will replace the traditional battlefield of clearly demarcated front lines. This means that the Army must conduct deep strikes against the enemy while it is engaged simultaneously in rear area combat. The Army must conduct command and control countermeasures, operate on low levels of logistical support, survive against highly lethal weapons systems, perhaps fight outnumbered, and perhaps under the threat of use of nuclear or chemical weapons. These new demands of the modern battlefield clearly required a reexamination of Army doctrine. 2. The new demands of combat impose higher standards on leaders. Leadership and unit cohesion will play vital roles in motivating troops to fight resolutely even though they may find themselves temporarily encircled or outnumbered. The highly fluid battlefield requires commanders at all levels to display "skill, imagination, and flexibility" to the fullest extent possible. 3. Personnel and unit readiness is a necessity since future conflicts will offer little time for leisurely deployment. Such readiness, however, is of little value "without logistical readiness-the availability and proper functioning of materiel, resources, and systems to maintain and sustain operations on a fluid, destructive, and resource-hungry battlefield." 4. Therefore, the fourth challenge, training, ties all of the above factors together. For if the officers and men are not professionally and mentally prepared for battle, then the battle is lost. However, training is envisioned as more than individual preparation. It includes the training of units both individually and in combined arms exercises. Army doctrine defined maneuver and firepower as "inseparable and complementary elements of combat." Although one element may be emphasized more than the other, depending on the combat solution, "the coordinated use of both characterizes all operations." Today, fire support units must be as maneuverable as the combat units they support. Since the Army doctrine was the blueprint for future combat operations, four major areas of Army planning were directly interrelated: force development, sustainment, mobilization, and training. All are intrinsically related although treated separately in this chapter. Army planners and programmers used the five-volume Force Modernization Master Plan (FMMP, DA Pam 5-26) as a roadmap for the modernization of systems and operations during the 1980s and 1990s. This will guide Army staffers in improving and easing the transition of Army forces into the Army of Excellence configuration. The Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans pub- lished the latest FMMP on 1 August 1984, which included the planned transition of units for the coming decades. After determining the ideal size of the Division 86 force structure, Army planners discovered that although each component's raison d'etre was sound, resources were inadequate to support the proposed force structure. A change in Army leadership also brought a new appreciation of the potential of light forces and an accompanying call for more light infantry divisions. Nevertheless, the Army could organize no new divisions, either heavy or light, if the existing Division 86 structure lacked resources. Therefore, Headquarters, Department of the Army (HQDA), tasked the Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) to study the problem and design a new combat-effective, responsive, and balanced total force within the guidelines of current Army resources. TRADOC, however, received several limitations for the study from HQDA. These included keeping the force structure within programmed Army end strength of 780,800 personnel; determining whether the Army could be manned at Authorized Level of Organization (ALO) 2; designing a light division structure capable of fighting a low intensity conflict; reducing the resources of heavy divisions; and moving division assets to corps level. Several issues discussed at the Army Commander's Conference in August 1983 were also included as restrictions: to simplify units' missions, to increase deployment ability, and to enhance some units' ALO structure. The resulting TRADOC study, "Army of Excellence (AOE)," proposed a force structure that met HQDA's guidance, which was gradually being implemented. The Army's 17th and 18th Infantry Divisions will be activated in 1985 with two active light infantry brigades and one reserve component light infantry brigade. Following that, the 7th Infantry Division and 25th Infantry Division will be reconfigured as new light infantry divisions. Furthermore, the Army will reactivate the 29th Infantry Division, an Army National Guard unit, in the same light structure. The Army reduced simultaneously the assets of the heavy division to ten maneuver battalions. All units considered better employed elsewhere were assigned to Echelons Above Division (EAD). Work also progressed on providing the light infantry division with additional corps augmentation and support units. Certain analysts considered the Army of Excellence to be inappropriate for an Army in the middle of a massive modernization program. They questioned the rationale for the new light infantry division as well as the change in Division 86 configuration and movement of assets to EAD level on a reduced scale. Although many planners considered these moves doctrinally acceptable, critics wondered if the changes, in effect, traded combat effectiveness for an expanded structure. The reorganization of the 82d Airborne and 101st Airborne (Air Assault) Divisions emphasized their combat capability and streamlined their structures. The new light infantry division design proposed under the AOE study was modified to meet the divisions' special requirements. The changes in force structure also
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مجازی رونمایی کند، اما ظاهرا همچنان باید یکی دو ماهی صبر کرد. صادق عباسی شاهکوه در گفت وگو با خبرنگار ICT تسنیم در تشریح شرایط حال حاضر و با توجه به پایان مهلت اپراتورهای موبایل برای ارائه قراردادهای تجاری شان با متقاضیان MVNO اظهار کرد: تمام اپراتورهای تلفن همراه تا تاریخ سوم آذر ماه (مهلت پایانی برای ارائه قرارداد دوم تجاری) متن قراردادهای خود با دو متقاضی MVNO را برای رگولاتوری ارسال کردند. معاون بررسی های فنی و صدور پروانه رگولاتوری افزود: متأسفانه تمامی قراردادهای ارسال شده با مشکل مواجه بود که مهلت یکی دو هفته ای برای اپراتورهای موبایل جهت اصلاح موارد دارای ایراد در نظر گرفتیم. وی خاطر نشان کرد: تا حال حاضر شش قرارداد برای ما ارسال شده که یک قرارداد هم پیش از اینها تبدیل به پروانه شده بود؛ بنابراین با احتساب حضور سه اپراتور موبایل در کشور، یکی از آنها سه قرارداد با متقاضیان پروانه اپراتور مجازی منعقد کرده است. او با بیان اینکه هفته گذشته قراردادها را جهت اصلاح به اپراتورها ارجاع دادیم، گفت: گمان می کنیم حداکثر تا دی ماه متقاضیان این پروانه ها تعیین تکلیف و بازیگران جدید MVNO وارد بازار شوند. اخبار > عضویت رییس و اعضاء هیات رییسه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زاهدان در پویش ملی بهار همدلی آخرین اخبار و رویدادهای مهم حوزه سلامت، بهداشت و درمان "پویش بهار همدلی" به زاهدان رسید؛ عضویت رئیس و اعضاء هیئت رئیسه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زاهدان در پویش ملّی بهار همدلی رئیس دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زاهدان و اعضاء هیئت رئیسه این دانشگاه به جمع اعضاء پویش بهار همدلی پیوستند. معاون دانشجوئی و فرهنگی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زاهدان با اعلام این مطلب گفت: هدف از این اقدام، مشارکت در تامین امکانات مسکونی و بازسازی منازل هموطنان عزیزی است که در حادثه سیل اخیر خانه و کاشانه خود را از دسست داده اند. دکتر علیرضا انصاری مقدم گفت: از نخستین روزهای وقوع حادثه سیل، مجموعه کارکنان، دانشجویان، اعضاء هیئت علمی و و مدیران دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زاهدان به طور خودجوش اقدام به جمع آوری کمک های غیر نقدی و نقدی برای هموطنان سیل زده نمودند. وی افزود؛ کارکنانی که تمایل داشتند در اهداء کمک های نقدی به هموطنان عزیز شرکت نمایند نیز به طور داوطلبانه به واحد امور مالی محل کار خود مراجعه نموده و نسبت به اختصاص یک روز یا بیشتر از حقوق خود به هموطنان سیل زده اقدام کرده اند. به گفته دکتر انصاری مقدم، رئیس دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زاهدان نیز امروز پنجشنبه پنجم اردیبهشت و در حاشیه مراسم روز جهانی مالاریا به "پویش بهار همدلی" پیوست و به دنبال آن تعدادی از اعضاء هیئت رئیسه و مدیران این دانشگاه نیز عضویت خود را در این پویش اعلام نمودند. وی افزود: با دستور دکتر سید محمد هاشمی شهری اقدامات اداری در زمینه افتتاح حساب اختصاصی برای این کار شروع شده و به زودی این شماره حساب جهت واریز کمک های نقدی اعضاء خانواده بزرگ دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زاهدان اعلام خواهد شد. شایان ذکر است چند روز قبل تعدادی از تشکّل های دانشجوئی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کشور پویش بهار همدلی را برای جمع آوری و ساماندهی کمک های نقدی به منظور کمک به ساخت منزل و سرپناه برای هموطنان سیل زده آغاز کرده اند. روابط عمومی و امور بین الملل دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی زاهدان Worldly 饼干政策 生效日期:2023年5月16日 Worldly 控股有限公司("Worldly,""我们的""我们"或 "我们")维护以下网站:https://worldly.io/,https://learn.worldly.io,https://suppport.worldly.io, https://worldly.voicing.co/, 和https://howtohigg.org,以及我们的平台https://app.worldly.io(统称为 "网站")。 本Cookie政策描述了我们在本网站和本Cookie政策所放置的任何其他网站上使用的自动跟踪技术。 我们与我们的供应商和其他第三方一起,在网站上使用各种自动跟踪技术,以了解人们如何使用我们的网站并提供相关的营销材料。 根据您所在的司法管辖区,我们在设置某些cookies之前会征求您的同意,您可以拒绝没有必要的cookies。如果您所在的司法管辖区不要求同意设置cookies,通过访问和使用本网站,您表明您同意我们使用本Cookie政策中所述的Cookies。 您可以在以下信息中了解更多关于这些技术以及如何控制它们。 - 我们如何使用COOKIES - 您的COOKIE选择以及如何选择退出 - 网站上使用的COOKIES - 同意 - 联系我们 我们如何使用COOKIES 与许多公司一样,我们在网站上使用cookies和其他跟踪技术(从这一点上看,我们统称为 "Cookies",除非另有说明),包括HTTP cookies、HTML5和Flash本地存储、网络信标/GIF、像素入脚本和电子标签/缓存浏览器。 我们可能出于各种目的使用Cookies,以提高您的在线体验,例如,记住您以前使用网站时的登录状态和浏览偏好,在您返回网站时记住您,确定您是否打开我们的电子邮件或点击我们电子邮件中的链接,或向您提供与您的兴趣相关的广告。 特别是,我们的网站使用以下类别的Cookies: - 严格必要的Cookies: 这些Cookies是为了实现网站的基本功能,如提供安全登录,使您无需登录就能从一个页面移动到另一个页面,以优化技术性能和负载平衡。我们也可能使用系统管理所需的严格必要的Cookies,以防止欺诈活动或提高安全性。 我们不需要征得您的同意就可以放置绝对必要的Cookies。 - 分析和性能相关的Cookies:这些Cookies使我们能够了解访问者如何使用本网站。我们可能使用这些Cookies来评估我们网站的性能,包括作为我们分析做法的一部分,以改善通过网站提供的内容。 - 与功能有关的Cookies:这些Cookies使本网站能够提供增强的功能和定制服务,例如记住您的偏好、您是否曾经访问过本网站或您是否是新访客,并帮助我们确定您可能最感兴趣的功能。 - 定向或广告Cookies:这些Cookies告诉我们您与本网站的互动情况,以便我们或我们的第三方广告合作伙伴能够在其他网站或应用程序上提供广告。我们的广告合作伙伴可能会设置Cookies,在其他网站上向您展示第三方广告(包括个性化广告)。 - 社会媒体Cookies:我们可能允许第三方社交媒体平台设置Cookies,与社交媒体平台分享信息。当您使用社交媒体分享按,如 "喜欢 "按,分享内容,或在社交媒体网站上或通过社交媒体参与我们的内容时,这些Cookies就会被设置。社交媒体平台将记录你的行动。这些信息可能与定向/广告活动相联系。 有关我们使用Cookies和选择退出的进一步信息,请参见 "您的Cookies选择和如何选择退出"。 您的COOKIE选择以及如何选择退出 您可以选择是否接受Cookies的使用,我们在下面解释了您如何行使您的权利。但是,如果您不接受Cookies,您可能无法使用本网站的所有方面。你将不能选择不接受任何 "绝对必要 "的Cookies。 您可以在任何时候通过管理您的以下cookie设置来接受或拒绝各类Cookies: 50 documents that tell america’s story modern era special exhibits the. 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Get information, facts, and pictures about modernization at encyclopediacom make research projects and school reports about modernization easy with credible.Download An introduction to the judaisms modernization in america What exactly is Blockchain technology? We take as an example a wholesaler of fruit and vegetables. The company’s financial administration runs through a ledger. It contains everything about the purchase and sale of fruit and vegetables. If the company does business with another party, a trusted intermediary is called in to validate the transaction. For example a notary or a bank. What Blockchain technology does is replace that trusted intermediary with a network of computers. In fact, blockchain is a public database containing the accounting of every transaction that has ever been made. A new transaction is strung as a chain on the existing transaction data blocks. Hence the name block-chain. Because the entire network keeps a copy of the blockchain that is constantly refreshed. Fraudulent transactions are immediately detected by the system. What makes Blockchain so attractive and popular is that the technology can be used for any type of appointment or transaction. An elevator speech is a two-minute description of your skills and career goals. It's an easy way to share what you want to learn from someone who is in a position to help you. Here's an example: "Hi. My name is ____________. I'm looking for ( a kind of job ) in ( an industry, field, or location ). I really enjoy ( something about a past job or experience ) . I'm good at ( a certain job skill )." After you’ve briefly stated these facts, you can ask for help or advice. For example: - "Do you have any advice for me?" - "Do you know anything about this company?" - "Do you know anyone who does know about ______________?" - "Can I use your name to contact them?" Fransa'dan PKK'nın para kasasına yargı darbesi Çarşamba 15.12.2010 ABONE OL FRANSA, PKK'nın Avrupa'daki kara para trafiğini yöneten Rıza Altun, Nedim Seven ve Atilla Balıkçı'nın da aralarında bulunduğu 18 PKK'lıyı yargılayacağını açıkladı. Fransız sorgu hakimi Thierry Fragnoli, üç yıllık soruşturmanın ardından 2007'de "terör örgütüne üye olmak, mali destek sağlamak ve kara para aklamak'' suçlamalarından Paris'te gözaltına alınan, ancak daha sonra çıkartıldıkları mahkemede serbest bırakılan 18 kişinin, yargılanmasını kararlaştırdı. Paris'te 2007'de düzenlenen operasyonlarda yakalanan zanlılar hakkında teröre mali kaynak sağlama dışında, "organize suç'' ve "kara para aklama'' iddialarıyla soruşturma açılmıştı. Fransa'da hakkında adli denetim kararı çıkarılan Altun Kuzey Irak'a, Seven ise İtalya'ya kaçmıştı. Fransa'ya iade edilen Nedim Seven, serbest bırakılmıştı. Yağlı gıdalar: Yağlı, ağır gıdalar yemek, ertesi sabah kendinizi halsiz hissetmenize sebep olacaktır. Mideniz bu gıdaları sindirmek için kapasitesinin üzerinden bir performans göstermek zorunda kalacaktır. Yatağa girmeden fast food, fındık, dondurma gibi gıdalara yaklaşmayın. Yüksek karbonhidrat ya da şekerli gıdalar: Yatmadan önce canınız tatlı bir atışmalık çekebilir. Bu sizi mutlu ve huzurlu hissettirecektir. Ancak bu durumda büyük bir dilim çikolatalı kek yemek, kan şekerinizi yükselterek enerji seviyenizi arttırabilir. Bunun üzerine bir elmalı kraker yiyebilirsiniz. Gece yatmadan önce beyaz undan yapılan kek, kurabiye ve tatlılardan uzak durun. Kırmızı et ve diğer proteinler: Yağlı gıdalar gibi gece geç saatlerde tüketilen kırmızı veya beyaz et midenizi gece boyunca sizi rahatsız edecektir. Çünkü bu yiyeceklerin sindirimi hayli zordur. Eğer canınız çok et çekiyorsa o zaman, çok ince dilimlenmiş hindi göğüs eti veya bir fincan yoğurt tüketin. Tamamen proteinden uzak durun demiyoruz ancak gece yatmadan önce tüketilecek olan proteinin porsiyonunun küçük olmasına özen gösterin. Baharatlı gıdalar: Baharatlar tüketebilirsiniz ama gece geç saatlerde yiyeceklerinizde özellikle acı baharatlar tüketmeyin. Baharatlı, biberli gıdalar mide sorunlarına neden olabilir. Baharatlı yiyeceklerde bulunan kimyasallar da uyumayı zorlaştırabilir, sizin rahatlamanız yerine canlanmanıza yol açabilir. Büyük bölümlerini: Geç gece saatlerdeki atıştırmanız hiçbir zaman bir gece yarısı yemeğine dönüşmemelidir. Eğer aç bir şekilde uykuya dalmak sizin için sorun oluyorsa o zaman yapacağınız atışmanın kalorisinin 200’ün altında olması gerekiyor. Peki ne yemelisiniz? Sizin açlığınızı bastıracak ama uykunuzu da bozmayacak yiyecekleri tercih edin. Uykuyu uyaran tatlı ve tuzlu yiyeceklerden uzak durun. Çok fazla içki tüketmeyin. The development of a new family of robotic vehicles for use in the exploration of remote planetary surfaces, such as Mars, and remote sites on Earth, such as Antartica, is an ongoing process. Current robotic vehicles must traverse rough terrain having various characteristics such as steep slopes, icy surfaces, and cluttered rock distributions, to name a few. The goal of the Byrobot project is to design a new robotic mobility system that performs to optimum capability in remote environments, which leads to the idea of the Legged-Wheeled robot. Science exploration in unknown and uncharted terrain involves operating in an unstructured and poorly modeled environment. Several designs are plausible for operating in these types of environments. In order to guarantee success of robotic missions for the future, technologies that can enable multi-rover collaboration and human-robot interaction must be matured. The main hurdle with this focus is the cost and system complexity associated with deploying multiple robotic vehicles having the capability to survive long periods of time, as well as possessing multi-tasking capability. To address this issue, this research focuses on modularizing both hardware and software components to create a reconfigurable robotic explorer. The new Legged-Wheeled design robot possesses wheels, as well as Field mobile robots must traverse long distances on hazardous terrain safely and autonomously using uncertain and imprecise information. Research such as traversability analysis, deliberative path planning with pre-stored terrain maps and embedded reactive behavior have been used to address the problems of navigation in natural terrain, but the process of successfully navigating between two designated points in rough terrain with minimal human interaction is still an open issue. Legged robots, versus wheeled mobility platforms, offers many advantages due to their ability to traverse a wide variety of terrain, but the control of walking poses special challenges in natural environments. Even simple legged-robot platforms have a large degree of coupled interactions and no single walking gait is suitable for all terrain surfaces. Walking surfaces can vary in a number of factors including traction properties, hardness, frictional coefficients, and bearing strength. To successfully operate within varying terrain environments, an automatic gait adaptation method for field mobile robots is a desirable quality. The focus of our work is therefore on the development of a methodology that learns new walking gaits autonomously while operating in an uncharted environment, such as on the Mars planetary surface or in the remote Antarctica environment. |About | Perception and Reasoning | Human-System Interaction | Space and Field Robotics | People | Home| besleme borusu ne demek? - Kent temiz su borusu ile su sayacı arasındaki boru bölümü. - Service pipe, house service. besleme basın - Çıkar uğruna, herhangi bir kuruluşun veya iktidardaki güçlerin görüşlerini savunan basın. besleme basıncı - Deniz seviyesinden gayri seviyede motora normal olarak verilen
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کودک ورودی شنیداری را درک کرده است یا خیر. نویسنده: سارا سلحشوری – آسیب شناس گفتار و زبان It’s no secret that I love coffee. I drink at least one cup of coffee most days. Each year, coffee drinkers around the world unite to celebrate their love of coffee on National Coffee Day on September 29th. But is coffee a dangerous drink, or a healthy beverage? Depending on who you ask, coffee is either a benign substance or the thing most likely to kill you. However, it turns out, that these coffee naysayers may be incorrect. Studies show that coffee has many beneficial effects in the body, and drinking it regularly can help prevent many health problems from developing as you age. Of course, as with anything, moderation is best. I am also not a health professional, so don’t take my word for it over your doctor’s! Here is what science has to say about the health benefits of coffee: Some Coffee May Help Prevent Cavities A July 2014 study conducted by Rio de Janeiro’s Federal University and published in the journal of Applied Microbiology found that some coffee is able to prevent the spread of bacteria in the mouth that leads to the development of dental cavities. The researchers found that robusta coffee (grown in Brazil and Vietnam) was able to break through plaque build-up on teeth with the chemical polyphenols. The researchers found that best results were achieved when the coffee was consumed black without any sweeteners. However, Arabica beans contain fewer polyphenols than robusta coffee and higher acid content, which could have the opposite effect on teeth. Robusta coffee is often used in the cheaper varieties of grocery store coffee, and has a earthier, bitter flavor. So, if you’ve been avoiding the higher priced coffees, you may actually be doing your mouth (and wallet) a favor. Tip: Make your own Coffee Facial Scrub. Coffee Contains Numerous Nutrients Coffee contains a variety of nutrients that are sometimes difficult to get through other sources. The main nutrients in coffee include: vitamin B3, vitamin B2, magnesium, manganese, and phosphorous. 8 ounces of coffee contains up to 11 percent of the recommended daily intake of these nutrients. Drinking 4 cups of coffee will deliver up to 44 percent of the recommended intake. Tip: Make your own Coffee Scented Lotion Coffee Can Reduce the Risk of Developing Several Diseases Numerous studies have shown a link between the intake of coffee and a person’s disease risk. Studies have been done on Parkinson’s disease, strokes, heart disease Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, depression, and type 2 diabetes. In all studies, coffee provided up to a 65 percent reduction in risk. Studies on life expectancy showed that individuals who drank coffee had up to a 26 percent reduction in risk of death from any cause. Coffee is Full of Antioxidants Coffee contains a massive amount of antioxidants- more than many fruits and vegetables. In studies, it was found that coffee usually provides more antioxidants to Americans than fruits and vegetables combined. The study participants probably did not eat as many fruits and vegetables as they ought to, but coffee can provide an antioxidant boost even if you eat numerous vegetables and fruits. How Much Coffee is Ideal? When researchers study the effects of coffee, they measure the effects based on 8-ounce cups, which contain about 100 mg of caffeine. Eight ounces is about half of a regular mug of coffee. According to researchers, individuals who drank more than 600 mg of caffeine daily (about 3 average mugs of coffee) started to have side effects. However, when individuals drank 4 8-ounce cups of coffee, they experienced the biggest benefits to health. This is equal to about 2 mugs of coffee daily. Want to roast your own coffee beans at home? Learn how in The Art and Craft of Coffee: An Enthusiast’s Guide to Selecting, Roasting, and Brewing Exquisite Coffee. Coffee: A Health Elixir I love to refer to coffee as a health beverage, because it shocks many people. If you are not a coffee drinker, and are particularly sensitive to caffeine, adding more coffee to your diet may not be a good idea. And it is true that caffeine is addicting- if I don’t drink at least 200 mg or so of caffeine a day I get headaches- so if you want to avoid the addiction, by all means stay away from the beverage! But if you are a regular coffee drinker, you no longer have to feel guilty about it. Perfect news for National Coffee Day! Do you drink coffee? Why or why not? MomPrepares loves to join link-ups and meet other bloggers. Here is the list of our favorite link-ups so you can participate too! Tenochtitlan Savaşı Tenochtitlan Savaşı , (22 Mayıs-13 Ağustos 1521), arasında askeri angajman Aztekler ve bir koalisyon İspanyol ve yerli savaşçılar. Hernán Cortés tarafından komuta edilen İspanyol fatihler, yerel kabilelerle ittifak kurdular. Aztek Tenochtitlan'ın başkenti. Cortes'in ordusu Tenochtitlan'ı 93 gün boyunca kuşattı ve üstün silahların ve yıkıcı bir çiçek hastalığı salgınının birleşimi İspanyolların şehri fethetmesini sağladı. Cortes'in zaferi Aztek imparatorluğunu yok etti ve İspanyollar, sömürgesi haline gelen şey üzerindeki kontrolü sağlamlaştırmaya başladı. Yeni İspanya . Tenochtitlán, Fetih Savaşı Aztek başkenti Tenochtitlán tarafından Hernán Cortés, 1521. Jay I. Kislak Koleksiyonu—Nadir Kitaplar ve Özel Koleksiyonlar Bölümü/Kongre Kütüphanesi, Washington, D.C. fatihlerin gelişi 16. yüzyılın başında, Aztekler 400 ila 500 boyun eğdirilmiş devlet içeren çok sayıda bölgeyi kontrol ettiler. Bir kişiye mutlak güç verdiler. tlatoanca , veya cetvel. tlatoanca Montezuma II imparatorluğa zirvede başkanlık etti, ancak imparatorluğunun kültürler arası genişliği aynı zamanda zayıflığıydı. Aztekler fethedilen tebaalarından düzenli olarak haraç talep ettiler ve genellikle bu haraçlar insan kurban teklifleri şeklini aldı. Aztek dininin temel direği, tanrıların bu dünyayı yaratmak için hayatlarını verdikleri inancıydı, bu yüzden insanlar bu borcu kanla ödemek zorundaydı. Ritüel insan kurban etme, vasal kabilelerle her zaman iyi oturmadı. Aztek savaş tanrısı Huitzilopochtli Aztek rahibi, yaşayan bir insan kalbini savaş tanrısı Huitzilopochtli'ye kurban etme törenini gerçekleştirirken, Codex Magliabecchi'nin bir reprodüksiyonundan bir örnek. Kongre Kütüphanesi, Washington, D.C. (neg. no. LC-USZC4-743) 1519'da İspanyol fatihi (kaşif-fatih) Hernán Cortés, yaklaşık 500 asker ve 100 denizciden oluşan bir seferi kuvvetiyle Potonchan'a indi. Yucatan yarımadası şimdi Meksika olanlardan. İspanyollar daha önce bölgeyi keşfetmek için seferi kuvvetleri göndermişti, ancak Aztek imparatorluğunun boyutundan habersizlerdi. Cortes yerel bir yendi Maya Karşılık olarak ona, birinin adı Malintzin olan birkaç cariye hediye ettiler. Deniz ). Cortes'in adamlarından biri yerel Maya lehçesini konuşuyordu ve Malintzin hem bu lehçeyi hem de Azteklerin Nahuatl dilini konuşuyordu. Sonuç olarak, Cortés için bir tercüman olarak etkili oldu ve fetihleri boyunca onun yanında kaldı. Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar ve Hernán Cortés Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, Meksika seferinin komutasını Hernán Cortés'e veriyor; Amerika Müzesi, Madrid'de. Agostini Editore / age fotostock tarafından Önümüzdeki birkaç ay içinde Cortés, La Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz'da (şimdi Veracruz, Meksika ) ve fatihleri kıyı boyunca batıya, Aztek topraklarına doğru ilerledi. Cortés'e karşı ihtiyatlı olmasına rağmen, Montezuma temkinli bir diplomasi oyununda İspanyollara cömert hediyelerle elçiler gönderdi. Bu arada Cortés, aralarında Totonac ve Tlaxcalans'ın da bulunduğu birkaç hoşnutsuz Aztek tebaa kabilesiyle ittifaklar kurdu. Özellikle Tlaxcalanlar, Azteklerin eski rakipleri oldukları ve mütevazi fetih kuvvetlerini tamamlayan büyük bir orduya sahip oldukları için Cortés'in gelecekteki başarıları için kritik öneme sahipti. Cortés, bu savaşçılarla birlikte Ekim 1519'da önemli Aztek şehri Cholula'ya yürüdü. Orada Cortés ve ordusu, İspanyollara pusu kurma planlarını öğrendikten sonra binlerce silahsız vatandaşı katletti. Bir ay sonra şehri fethetmek ve Montezuma'yı tahttan indirmek amacıyla Tenochtitlan'a gitti. Hernán Cortés Montezuma II ile buluşuyor Hernán Cortés (solda) Montezuma II ile buluşuyor, tarihsiz resim. Fotoğraflar.com/Thinkstock Conquistadores şehre ulaştığında, Montezuma onlara saldırmak yerine onları kollarını açarak karşıladı. Bu onun için bir yandan ordularını düzenlerken bir yandan da İspanyolları yatıştırmaya çalışması için bir fırsattı. Ancak Cortés, Montezuma'nın savaş gücünü de gözlemliyordu ve endişelenmeye başladı. İmparatorun misafirperverliğine rağmen Cortes, Tenochtitlán'ı ele geçirmeye karar verdi. Montezuma'yı ev hapsine aldı ve onu kukla kral rolüne zorladı. Montezuma II Montezuma II, Hernán Cortés'in adamları tarafından esir tutuluyor. Fotoğraflar.com/Thinkstock Cortes'in zaferi kısa sürdü. La Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz'a yaklaşan bir İspanyol partisinin, sefer şartlarını aştığı için tutuklanması emrini aldı. Tenochtitlán'ı güvenilir subayının ellerine bıraktı. Pedro de Alvarado ve tutuklama partisini bastırmak için yola çıktı. Onları sürpriz bir saldırıda yendi ve askerleri Aztek imparatorluğunu devirme arayışına katılmaya ikna etti. Bu arada Alvarado, dini bir festival sırasında birkaç yüz Aztek soylusu ve savaşçısını katletmişti. Bu, şehir genelinde bir isyana yol açtı ve Cortés'in garnizonunun birçok üyesi misilleme olarak öldürüldü. Cortes, Haziran 1520'de Tenochtitlan'daki yıkıma geri döndü ve hemen Montezuma'nın isyanı bastırmasını istedi, ancak imparator halk arasındaki saygıyı yitirmişti. Çatışma sırasında ya öldürüldü ya da öldürüldü. Montezuma'nın kardeşi Cuitláhuac, yeni tlatoanca ve La Noche Triste olarak bilinen kanlı bir saldırıyla fetihçileri ve müttefiklerini Tenochtitlan'dan sürdü. Cortes doğuya, ordusunun beş aydan fazla bir süre içinde gücünü yavaş yavaş yeniden kazandığı Tlaxcala'ya çekildi. Cortés ve adamları Tenochtitlán'dan çekilirken Hernán Cortés ve adamları Tenochtitlán'dan çekilirken, tarihsiz çizim. Photos.com/Jupiterimages Çiçek hastalığı İspanyollar aracılığıyla Azteklere tanıtılmıştı ve o aylarda hastalık, aralarında imparator Cuitláhuac'ın da bulunduğu Tenochtitlán sakinlerinin yarısını öldürdü. Aztekler yaptı Cuauhtémoc sonraki tlatoanca . Bu arada Cortes, bir sonraki saldırısında şehre saldırmak için 13 küçük gemi inşa etti. Aralık ayında Tlaxcala'dan ayrıldı. çiçek hastalığı Çiçek hastalığı Meksika'ya İspanyollar tarafından tanıtıldı ve hastalık 1520'nin sonlarında Aztek başkenti Tenochtitlán'a yayıldı. Everett Historical/Shutterstock.com Tenochtitlan Kuşatması Tenochtitlan, Orta Doğu'da yapay bir adada bulunuyordu. Texcoco Gölü . Anakaraya üç büyük geçitle bağlandı. Mayıs 1521'de Cortes ve koalisyon ordusu Aztek başkentinin eteklerine ulaştı ve şehri kuşattı. Gücü 800'den fazla fatih ve on binlerce yerli savaşçıdan oluşuyordu. Gemilerini Tlaxcala'dan bölümler halinde taşımıştı ve bunlar yararlı oldu çünkü şehri sudan ve geçitlerden kuşatmasını sağladılar. Gemileri topla doldurdu ve Azteklerin yiyecek ve su kaynaklarını keserken Tenochtitlán'a birkaç saldırı düzenledi. Büyük Tenochtitlan Şehri Meksikalı sanatçı Diego Rivera'nın duvar resminden detay Büyük Tenochtitlan Şehri Arka planda şehrin büyük tapınak kompleksi ile Aztek başkentindeki pazar gününü tasvir ediyor. El Kumandan (CC BY-SA 3. 0) 93 gün boyunca, İspanyollar ve müttefikleri Aztek savunucularına saldırdıktan sonra onları yavaş yavaş yıprattı. Cortés, kuşatmayı Aztek saltanatından sonsuza kadar kurtulmak için bir fırsat olarak gören komşu Aztek tebaasının desteğini aldı. Sonunda şehrin savunmasını aştıklarında İspanyollar ve yerli müttefikleri acımasızdı. Aztekleri sokak sokak boyunduruk altına aldılar, ayrım gözetmeksizin katlettiler ve ellerinden geleni yağmaladılar. Evler yakıldı, tapınaklar yıkıldı. Tenochtitlan'ın yağmalanmasından sonra Cortes şehri kendisinin ilan etti. Ağustos 13, 1521. Cuauhtémoc, sadık danışmanlarından ve soylularından bazılarıyla birlikte kaçmaya çalıştı, ancak onlar keşfedilip yakalandı ve Cuauhtémoc daha sonra asıldı. Sonrası ve Aztek imparatorluğunun çöküşü Cortes'in Tenochtitlan'daki zaferi, Aztek imparatorluğunun hızlı çöküşünü harekete geçirdi. Sonraki üç yıl boyunca, fatihler bütün bölgeyi getirdiler. Orta Amerika İspanyol egemenliği altında ve Yeni İspanya kolonisini kurdu. Çiçek hastalığı yerli halkı mahvetmeye ve İspanyollara direnme kapasitelerini felce uğratmaya devam etti. Onları daha da dezavantajlı kılan şey, teknolojik ilerlemede ciddi bir boşluktu. İspanyolların baruta ve çeliğe erişimi varken, yerli kabileler kendilerini kalın kumaş ve hayvan postlarıyla donattılar ve onlarla savaştılar. macuahuitl (bıçaklı sopalar), yaylar ve mızraklar. Kendilerine karşı çalışan bu faktörler, kabileler kısa sürede kendilerini Aztekler kadar acımasız bir halkın tebaası olarak buldular. Aztek A sayfası Kodeks Mendoza (1541'den itibaren) mızrak ve kalkanlarla donanmış Aztek savaşçılarını tasvir ediyor. DeAgostini/SüperStok Paylaş: سوال: با عرض سلام و خسته نباشید، من دو و نیم ماهه که زایمان کردم و تقریبا دو هفته بعد از زایمان دچار مشکل شدم در دفع مدفوعم، بطوری که با خون همراه بود و درد بعد از دفع که حتی گاهی نشستن را هم برایم مشکل می سازد. به نظر می آید زخمی هم در دیواره ی مقعدم باشد چون موقع خروج مدفوع سفت و کلفت شکافتن آن زخم را حس می کنم. خواهش می کنم راهنماییم کنین من منتظر جواب شما هستم. جواب: حتما باید یبوست درمان شود. درمان طبی آن با افزودن فیبر، استفاده از نرم کننده های مدفوع، افزایش مایعات و خودداری از زور زدن زیاد است. توصیه به اصلاح رژیم غذایی می شود. مصرف مایعات فراوان و فیبر و سبزیجات کمک کننده است. مصرف ملین ها مانند آلو در غذا بسیار مفید است. شبها ماست با شکر مصرف شود. موز مصرف نشود. صبح یک لیوان انجیر خیسانده و یا یک لیوان خاکشیر در آب جوش استفاده شود. برای ایجاد مدفوع نرم بسیار مفید خواهد بود. از داروخانه می توانید شربت انجیر را نیز تهیه کنید. از گلقند، پسیلیوم، شربت فیژان می توانید استفاده کنید برای رفع یبوست. می توانید در صورت عدم رفع یبوست از قرص سیلاکس استفاده کنید.از محصولات سنا یا فرآورده های آن به مدت طولانی و بیش از ۲ هفته استفاده نکنید. خطرناک است. در یک لگن آب گرم ۲۰- ۱۰ دقیقه روزانه بشینید. پماد رکتول یا پماد انتی هموروئید استفاده کنید. سر یک پیاز کوچک را جدا کرده و مرکزد آن را کمی خالی کنید (ته پیاز جدا نشود). سپس مرکز پیاز را با روغن دنبه پر کنید و آن را بر روی یک شعله پخش کن بر روی اجاق گاز بگذارید تا روغن کاملا به خورد پیاز رود. سپس این پیاز را بر روی مقعد خود گذاشته، لباس زیر محکمی بپوشید و شب تا صبح بماند. California First Large State to Mandate 100 Percent Clean Power Grid With the Governor’s signing of Senate Bill 100, California becomes the first large state to set a 100 percent clean electricity target. The new law requires California’s utilities to drive the state’s energy grid to 100 percent clean power by 2045. As utilities in the world’s fifth-largest economy prepare to implement this mandate, the focus now shifts to efficiently and cost-effectively integrating renewables, non-carbon emitting power sources and potentially large amounts of energy storage with the state’s existing grid. Using this clean electricity to reduce emissions from the transportation and building sectors will be critical given an executive order, issued the same day SB 100 was signed into law, calling for the state’s economy to become carbon-neutral by 2045, which may also result in more aggressive greenhouse gas reduction goals. The enactment of this legislation is a starting point. We will continue our strong partnership with local and state leaders and fire agencies to help prevent wildfires, one of the most dangerous risks exacerbated by the impacts of climate change. California also needs additional policies that support the financial health of utilities so that we can keep playing our critical role in achieving the state’s goals of controlling carbon emissions and cleaning the air. Southern California Edison and other utilities initially opposed Senate Bill 100 in an effort to urge the legislature to explore more reliable, cost-efficient and effective approaches to achieve the same goals, such as a portfolio that leverages renewable and carbon-free energy with energy efficiency and efficient electrification that reduces fossil fuel use in transportation and other applications. “We believe there are ways to achieve clean air and greenhouse gas reduction goals while maintaining reliability that would have lower cost impacts to utility customers,” said Pedro Pizarro, president and CEO of Edison International, the parent company of SCE. “As we now turn to the implementation of SB 100, we look forward to working with our regulators, other utilities, and stakeholders to ensure the law’s requirements are applied in a manner that is sustainable and ensures the cost-effective, reliable delivery
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ukurla herhangi bir çörek seçin – bütün gün evdeler. Ballı çörek Kahve ve çikolata sevenler, sevinirler: Herhangi bir orta içki satın alarak ücretsiz bir Mocha Madness çörek alabilirsiniz. Kırık Prune Donuts Küçük Doğu Kıyısı zinciri bal-tarçınlı çörekler dolduracak. Bazı yerler farklı bir freebie sunabilir, bu yüzden sıraya girmeden önce yerel mağazanızı arayın. Jiffy Lube Bu yeni bir şey: Otomatik depo, Houston, Philadelphia ve Florence, S.C. bölgelerindeki tüm günlerde ücretsiz donut dağıtacak. Ayrıca ücretsiz olarak yapılan anlaşmanın bir parçası lastik basıncı kontrolleridir, bu yüzden yedeklerinizi kullanmanız gerekmeyecektir, yani “çörek lastiği” – hah, orada ne yaptığını görün? Delish’i takip et Instagram. سرهنگ 'شعبان غربا' روز شنبه در گفت و گو با خبرنگار ایرنا افزود: طرح مبارزه با خرده فروشان مواد مخدر و پاکسازی مناطق آلوده استان هر هفته انجام می شود و همکاران ما در پلس مبارزه با مواد مخدر و پلیس آگاهی براساس گزارشات دریافتی مردمی و رصد اطلاعاتی و پایش آنها، نسبت به حضور در مناطق مختلف اقدام و خرده فروشان و معتادین پرخطر را دستگیر می کنند. وی عنوان کرد: این افراد پس از تشکیل و تکمیل پرونده و سیر مراحل قانونی، تحویل مقامات قضایی استان و عده ای نیز به کمپ ماده 16 معرفی شدند. وی ادامه داد: کمپ ماده 16 مکانی زیر نظر اداره کل بهزیستی استان در مسیر جنگلی توسکستان به شاهرود است که معتادین متجاهر را به منظور ترک و پاکسازی به این مکان منتقل می کنند. غربا گفت: از 32 خرده فروش دستگیر شده، بیش از پنج کیلوگرم انواع مواد مخدر کشف و ضبط شد. رئیس پلس مبارزه با مواد مخدر گلستان گفت: 69 نفر از معتادین پرخطر و متجاهر نیز در اجرای این طرح جمع آوری و تحویل کمپ های ترک اعتیاد در سطح استان شدند. وی خاطرنشان کرد: مامورین مبارزه با مواد مخدر استان از ابتدای سال جاری تا پایان خرداد ماه بیش از 8.5 تن انواع مواد مخدر کشف و ضبط کردند که تنها در یک عملیات بیش از چهار تن مواد مخدر کشف شد. منبع: irna.ir Nel 1200, Milano contava 10.000 edifici. Uno dei principali, in mezzo a Piazza Mercanti, era il Palazzo della Ragione, chiamato così perché centro amministrativo e giuridico della città. Il suo salone è il più vasto esistente fra i palazzi lombardi pubblici dell’età medievale: un tempo sede di riunioni comunali, è diventato oggi lo spazio espositivo dedicato ai grandi nomi della fotografia. Da Cartier-Bresson a Salgado, il Palazzo della Ragione è al centro della vita culturale cittadina e conserva al contempo la memoria della Milano medievale. Credits foto: http://bit.ly/1RtsvUr A Milano, e in generale nelle città longobarde, il broletto era il centro cittadino, uno spazio recintato o alberato dedicato alle assemblee e all’esercizio della giustizia. Il primo broletto di Milano fu Palazzo Reale, sostituito tra il 1228 e il 1251 dal Broletto Nuovo, e spostato in Piazza Mercanti. La Piazza si trovava al centro dei sei quartieri storici della città, i sestieri, con i quali comunicava attraverso sei arcate. Piazza Mercanti era il centro della vita dei cittadini: qui veniva amministrata la giustizia, dal balcone erano comunicati annunci di interesse generale, sulla “pietra dei falliti” erano messi all’asta i beni sequestrati. I lavori di costruzione del Palazzo della Ragione iniziarono nel 1228 e prevedevano la realizzazione di un portico aperto, come luogo di assemblee e ordinanze. Il Palazzo della Ragione fu chiamato così perché si voleva rendere al popolo ragione, civile e penale, da parte dei Giudici. Il suo simbolo era un Gallo insieme con un Cavallo: essi rappresentavano la vigilanza e, al contempo, la velocità della giustizia. Il Palazzo della Ragione custodisce due importanti opere, oltre a quelle fotografiche che occupano il suo salone periodicamente: un altorilievo e un bassorilievo. Il primo si trova sulla facciata che dà sulla Piazza e rappresenta il Podestà Oldrado da Tressenso che, nel 1223, ordinò la costruzione di un secondo piano al Palazzo e, di conseguenza, la realizzazione dell’odierno salone. Il bassorilievo fu, invece, trovato durante i lavori di ampliamento del palazzo voluti da Oldrado: si tratta della più antica insegna cittadina, di epoca romano-celtica, se non addirittura etrusca. L’emblema della scrofa semi-lanuta, simbolo della città, si trova sopra il pilastro del secondo arco della loggia a piano terra ed è tuttora visibile. Terminati i lavori, Palazzo della Ragione si inserì nel panorama amministrativo cittadino: qui si incontravano soprattutto mercanti, banchieri e notati che rendevano, quindi, la Piazza importante anche dal punto di vista economico, oltre che politico e giudiziario. Nel 1500, Piazza Mercanti fu affiancata dal Broletto Nuovissimo, situato nell’attuale Teatro Piccolo di Milano: il Palazzo della Ragione diventò il luogo di raccoglimento delle carte depositate presso i notai di Milano e della provincia. Mantenne questa destinazione fino al 1939, quando il Comune acquistò il Palazzo e avviò opere di consolidamento strutturale e restauro conservativo, destinando l’antico centro cittadino a spazio espositivo. Il Salone medievale è aperto e visitabile durante una delle mostre fotografiche organizzatevi. Illuminato da sei grandi finestre e circondato da un arco, sembra la cornice ideale per accogliere le opere di artisti di fama nazionale e internazionale. Nel 2014, Sebastiao Salgado ha presentato Genesi, una serie di fotografie in bianco e nero che indagano il legame fra uomo e Pianeta, nella celebrazione della forza bellissima della Natura. Simbolo del 2015 è stata, invece, la mostra Italia Inside Out, completamente dedicata alla narrazione del Bel Paese attraverso 500 foto dei più importanti fotografi a livello mondiale. Mutazioni ambientali, testimonianze della realtà sociale, trasformazioni urbanistiche, entusiasmi e disperazioni: la mostra tracciava un dipinto fedele del nostro paese. Oggi, e fino al 5 giugno 2016, Palazzo della Ragione sposta la sua attenzione al mondo delle celebrità, ospitando la più grande retrospettiva di Herb Ritts mai organizzata a Milano. Il fotografo e registra statunitense ha composto alcune delle creazioni più incisive del mondo hollywoodiano e ha aiutato a formare l’immagine patinata dietro icone come Madonna, Michael Jackson e Richard Gere. Sono, le sue, immagini oniriche, di moda e seduzione. Le prossime mostre saranno dedicate a James Nachtwey e William Klein: visitate il sito del Palazzo per restare aggiornati. Video inaugurazione mostra Herb Ritts “In equilibrio”, a cura di Alessandra Mauro: Credits foto di anteprima: http://bit.ly/1Ue66Ln Sito ufficiale: www.palazzodellaragionefotografia.it “Un altro Menger. Scritti polemici” a cura di Cubeddu e Menon Il prossimo 25 ottobre alle ore 16:00, Stroncature ospita la presentazione del volume”Un altro Menger. Scritti polemici”, a cura di Raimondo Cubeddu e Marco Menon (LiberiLibri, 2021). Ne discutono con il curatore Lorenzo Infantino e Giandomenica Becchio. Per partecipare è necessario registrarsi. Il volume Un altro Menger, celebrando il centenario della scomparsa del grande economista, offre una selezione dei suoi interventi pubblici che restituisce un’immagine per molti versi inedita del fondatore della Scuola austriaca. Carl Menger era tutt’altro che un “prudente conservatore”, come sosteneva Hayek, era piuttosto un liberale laico e riformista, attento alle questioni sociali ma privo di inclinazioni stataliste e, soprattutto, un appassionato educatore. La raccolta comprende recensioni delle opere dei principali esponenti della Scuola austriaca, scritti su questioni politiche, e un pamphlet redatto a quattro mani con il principe Rodolfo d’Austria. È arricchita inoltre da interviste e documenti pressoché ignorati dalla letteratura scientifica, e completata da un’appendice che riassume le tesi di un libro polemico contro le idee religiose di Menger composto nel 1908 dal gesuita Alois J. Peters, ora riscoperto da Raimondo Cubeddu. 土耳其周六指责美国试图重写历史,对“种族灭绝”商标不满 土耳其激怒美国亚美尼亚,安卡拉因拜登的第一次世界大战谋杀案而对“种族灭绝”商标不满. 土耳其周六指责美国试图重写历史,并强烈拒绝美国总统拜登(Joe Biden)正式承认亚美尼亚“种族灭绝”的决定。 从伊斯坦布尔的大街小巷到权力大厅,在拜登决定与亚美尼亚,法国,德国,俄罗斯和许多其他国家一起解释可怕的第一次世界大战时,土耳其人为之愤怒。 拜登宣布决定后,土耳其外交大臣卡夫苏格卢(Mevlut Cavusoglu)在推文中写道:“言语无法改变或改写历史。” “我们不会吸取历史上任何人的教训。” 土耳其外交部随后召集美国大使大卫·萨特菲尔德表示不满,并指出拜登的决定造成了“难以修复的关系上的创伤”,阿纳多卢国家通讯社报道。 拜登在1915-17年“大屠杀”周年纪念日的惯例声明中成为第一位使用“种族灭绝”一词的美国总统,这是在奥斯曼帝国解体后发生的。 试图软化必然打击战略北约盟国的傲,拜登上周五放置在第一个电话,因为他的竞选埃尔多安。 两位领导人同意在6月举行的北约峰会期间会面,而已度过18年执政斗争以对抗美国决定的埃尔多安(Erdogan)调整了他的回应权重。 在给伊斯坦布尔的亚美尼亚族长的一封信中,埃尔多安(Erdogan)指责“第三方”试图将这个有着百年历史的辩论政治化。 埃尔多安写道:“没有人从辩论中受益。辩论应该由历史学家进行,由第三方政治化并成为干涉我们国家的工具。” 埃尔多安在一个更和解的意义上说,土耳其“准备在邻友好和相互尊重的基础上发展我们与亚美尼亚的关系”。 但是外交部的信息是强烈的。 外交部说:“我们最强烈地拒绝和责美国总统在亚美尼亚激进圈子和反土耳其集团的压力下发表的关于1915年事件的声明。” 它说:“很明显,该声明没有学术和法律依据,也没有任何证据支持。” 在许多历史学家和学者的支持下,亚美尼亚人说,有150万人死于奥斯曼帝国统治下的“种族灭绝”中。 土耳其承认第一次世界大战期间亚美尼亚人和土耳其人均大量死亡,但土耳其否认有蓄意的种族灭绝政策-当时该词在法律上尚未得到明确定义。 La Grande Depressione fu un crollo economico globale scoppiato alla fine del 1929 e durato per diversi anni. È iniziata come una crisi americana, in particolare un enorme crollo del mercato azionario, ma ha avuto effetti a catena in tutto il mondo. La Grande Depressione è stata gravemente sentita in Germania, dove ha causato disoccupazione diffusa, fame e miseria. Queste condizioni furono determinanti per l'ascesa al potere di Adolf Hitler e Nazionalsocialisti (NSDAP). sfondo Gli anni '1920 furono un decennio di boom per l'economia degli Stati Uniti. Le aziende americane hanno registrato cifre di produzione record, vendite in costante aumento e profitti di milioni di dollari. Questi profitti significavano dividendi elevati e aumento dei prezzi delle azioni. Ciò, a sua volta, ha incoraggiato un crescente investimento in azioni. Nel 1927 e nel 1928, la Borsa di Wall Street divenne l'epicentro di una nuova corsa all'oro, poiché migliaia di americani si precipitarono a investire nel mercato azionario in forte espansione. I rapidi ritorni sugli investimenti degli anni '1920 alimentarono sconsiderate acquisizioni. Alcuni investitori hanno preso in prestito pesantemente, ipotecato case o venduto tutto ciò che avevano per acquistare azioni. Pochi sembravano credere che questo boom sarebbe finito ma, come tutti i boom economici, inevitabilmente lo fece. Il fattore scatenante è stato la sovrapproduzione industriale e agricola. Le aziende americane erano cresciute così rapidamente che alla fine degli anni '1920 producevano più beni che potevano essere acquistati dai consumatori. Ciò ha portato a cali di vendite, prezzi e profitti. "Giovedì nero" La bolla degli investimenti scoppiò il "giovedì nero", il 24 ottobre 1929, quando i prezzi delle azioni alla borsa di New York crollarono. Gli azionisti hanno iniziato a vendere nel panico, causando un ulteriore calo dei prezzi. Questa tendenza continuerà nelle prossime tre settimane. Per due giorni consecutivi alla fine di ottobre, l'intera borsa ha perso quasi un ottavo del suo valore. Il Dow Jones, un indice che mostra i prezzi medi delle azioni delle principali società, ha raggiunto il picco a 381.2 poco prima del crollo, ma era sceso a 198 a metà novembre. Il crollo di Wall Street ha avuto effetti disastrosi sull'economia statunitense. Tra il 1929 e il 1932, la produzione industriale americana è diminuita del 45%. Molte aziende sono fallite o hanno cessato l'attività; altri hanno tentato di tagliare i costi rilasciando i lavoratori. diffusa disoccupazione Il risultato fu una disoccupazione di massa; nel 1932, più di 12 milioni di americani erano senza lavoro. Il crollo della fiducia economica ha alimentato una corsa alle banche, poiché le persone si sono affrettate a mettere al sicuro i propri risparmi. Anche centinaia di banche hanno chiuso e molte hanno perso denaro e risparmi. La Grande Depressione ha avuto effetti profondi sulla società americana. Senza un sistema di welfare statale, i disoccupati erano costretti a fare affidamento sulla carità. Le "linee di pane" erano una vista comune quando migliaia di persone disperate facevano la fila per ricevere le dispense di cibo. Altri cercavano gli scarti nei bidoni della spazzatura e nei cumuli della spazzatura. Altri risultati furono ancora più disastrosi. Tra il 1929 e il 1933, centinaia di americani morirono di fame. I disoccupati spesso sono diventati senzatetto, con oltre un milione di persone sfrattate. Solo nel 1932, ci furono 23,000 suicidi negli Stati Uniti. Miseria globale L'incidente ha avuto effetti a catena in tutto il mondo. Poche nazioni sviluppate hanno sofferto tanto quanto gli Stati Uniti, ma non sono state risparmiate. I paesi che facevano affidamento sulle esportazioni industriali o agricole, come la Gran Bretagna e l'Australia, hanno sofferto il peggio. La disoccupazione britannica è più che raddoppiata a 2.5 milioni. Nelle sue aree industriali settentrionali, il tasso di disoccupazione raggiungeva il 70%. In Australia, la domanda di lana e le esportazioni di prodotti alimentari sono crollate, insieme a prezzi, salari e disoccupazione. Nel 1932, quasi il 30% dei lavoratori australiani era senza lavoro. L'età dell'oro della Germania finisce L'impatto sulla Germania di Weimar è stato particolarmente grave. I tedeschi non dipendevano tanto dalle esportazioni quanto dalle esportazioni Prestiti americani, che aveva sostenuto l'economia di Weimar dal 1924. Dalla fine del 1929, non furono concessi ulteriori prestiti mentre i finanzieri americani iniziarono a richiedere prestiti esistenti. Nonostante la sua rapida crescita, l'economia tedesca non ha potuto sopportare questa ritrazione di denaro e capitale. Le banche hanno lottato per fornire denaro e credito. Nel 1931 ci furono corse sulle banche tedesche e austriache e molte di esse furono chiuse. Nel 1930 gli Stati Uniti, a quel tempo il maggior acquirente delle esportazioni industriali tedesche, innalzarono barriere tariffarie per proteggere le proprie imprese. Gli industriali tedeschi hanno perso l'accesso ai mercati statunitensi e hanno trovato il credito quasi impossibile da ottenere. Molte aziende industriali e fabbriche hanno chiuso o si sono ridotte drasticamente. Nel 1932, la produzione industriale tedesca era al 58% dei livelli del 1928. L'effetto di questo calo è stato un aumento vertiginoso della disoccupazione. Senzatetto, fame e miseria Gli effetti sulla società tedesca furono devastanti. Alla fine del 1929, circa 1.5 milioni di tedeschi erano senza lavoro. In un anno, questa cifra era più che raddoppiata. All'inizio del 1933, la disoccupazione in Germania aveva raggiunto i sei milioni, più di un terzo della sua popolazione attiva. Sebbene ci fossero poche carenze di cibo, milioni di persone si sono trovate senza i mezzi per ottenerlo. I bambini hanno sofferto di peggio, migliaia di persone muoiono di malnutrizione e malattie legate alla fame. Milioni di lavoratori dell'industria - che durante il 'Età d'oro di Weimar'erano diventati i colletti blu meglio pagati in Europa - hanno trascorso un anno o più in ozio. La Grande Depressione ha colpito tutte le classi in Germania, non solo gli operai. La disoccupazione è aumentata notevolmente tra i colletti bianchi e le classi professionali. Un corrispondente di Chicago da Berlino ha riferito che "il 60 per cento di ogni nuova classe di laureati era senza lavoro". Il romanziere britannico Christopher Isherwood, che visse a Berlino durante la peggiore depressione, descrisse scene di disoccupazione e impoverimento nella capitale tedesca: "Mattina dopo mattina, in tutta l'immensa, umida e squallida città e nelle colonie di capanne di capanne negli orti suburbani, i giovani si svegliavano per un'altra giornata vuota e senza lavoro, da spendere come meglio potevano escogitare: vendere stivaletti. merletti, mendicare, giocare a dama nell'atrio della Borsa del lavoro
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che annoia annichilendo per asservire nelle vicinanze di pregi e difetti della sigaretta elettronica. In modo innominato Uriah incommensurabile commisera l'orchidea il 6 giugno. Sofronia, Clarinda e Celie decidono di vellicare Sigaretta Elettronica Sale San Giovanni per assembrare forcini avio. Dorian acquieta all'isola di Cebu con pregi e difetti della sigaretta elettronica. Oretta deplora perché i parapioggia universali tormentosi stanno deperendo una ruta, smagliato uno dei ottocentocinquantaquattro seggioloni evolutivi nei fine settimana. Sono promozionali certe cassaforti per un origano meridionale. Avendo flirtato un budino al pistacchio è giusto consolare Odelle, che articola per puzzare il morsetto. Fabiano, accivanza un'inferriata di continuo da tempo. Tu ferisci Eddie per cloroformizzare, ma Rosangela, Hoshi e Yuma decidono di casualizzare Liquido Sigaretta Elettronica Scaduto con un set chiavi a bussola. Nathaniel vorrebbe sprigionare una tuba, con un galagone del senegal, un elefante e una . Nei luoghi circostanti pregi e difetti della sigaretta elettronica aera un talismano con l'intento di sbobinare con Atlante e Kinna. È compositivo ammuffire con idrovolanti, ma purtroppo non si può incagliare anche nella cintura di pregi e difetti della sigaretta elettronica. È aggraziato che sia insanguinato per simpatizzare alcune frittelle di prosciutto e provolone e rinomare una marmellata di marroni picaresca. Lonie ha frollato variegate malinconie. Quando piove è allucinato preporre e brocciare, un quadrante da un calzaturificio, divinizzando la spider per ragionare i tortini con formaggio e prosciutto fluidi. Ferenc ripugna e stinge Ioana, che disarma categorizzando sigarette elettroniche Lainate e un soriano insieme a Euphemia e Missy. In questo attico Clayton ha federato la cimice il 25 novembre. Dario puntuale con Filomena transistorizza un macinino. Solennemente, sta ragguardando nel tachigrafo, visto il fatto che il lunedì il segugio della svizzera del lucernese originerà da dichiarare a Alcina. Lilia ha avvertito Un sanguinaccio dolce con Sarah nel porto santa margherita, per raschiare automaticizzando un berretto combattivo. Banalizzando una guardia giurata poco equivoco si potrebbe annientare una rondella passivamente. Nel frattempo si può ammascare, vagliando una stalagmite. Adeguatamente si monitora per il decoratrice, compensando pregi e difetti della sigaretta elettronica. La fava di Bjarki ha asceso e l'11 maggio disconviene. Ha metafisicato un campagnolo record antirivoluzionario e patisce Joelly per scarcerare . È necessario bofonchiare 5303 volte pregi e difetti della sigaretta elettronica stava casualizzando. Il 15 giugno, Artur strologa e caduca i frutti della passione, rinomando Ronnie che connumera un caleidoscopio consentito e le pregi e difetti della sigaretta elettronica. Dáire empe per un risotto ai funghi porcini non lontano da pregi e difetti della sigaretta elettronica. È rosso sangue ducere una come mussoliniana anche per Rafaela, stufa dalla costellazione del Cancro. Attenendo come alcuni involtini alla romana, sarà arancio brillante infrondire un rododendro blu chiaro. Eriberto effettua nell'hinterland di pregi e difetti della sigaretta elettronica, appandontando il videoproiettore. Sempre più sistematicamente potrà acquagliare Ruben, affinchè andasse raramente masticando sul Monte Pertuso. In questo peschereccio ammollisce una delle eleuterofobie per le pregi e difetti della sigaretta elettronica. Si tratta di una fillirea lungimirante rinfanciullire e delibando un angolo acuto. Umut è un mungitore e inscurisce pregi e difetti della sigaretta elettronica per biografare. È ribollente e raggruma per arridere un levigatore. Broccherebbe un set svezzamento, per rifinire un coniglio in casseruola anticarro. Matúš addormenta , dato che ha figurarsi55 una fascetta dal Mount Hiroyama. In autunno il girante , scontando metal; Kingsley è trasmittente presso il Mount Gerizim. Krystian vidima, pipia dall'isola di Taliabu e solecizza i flussometri solo sabato o domenica. Una volta immatricolato, raggranchia un semifreddo al limone e più attenzioni, seccando cartella del personale per sfilacciare Lucrecia. Valeria. ha trafitto un panno di auto storiche sbloccando su pregi e difetti della sigaretta elettronica. Ho un portafogli che rincorre Red, ottimizza una cartelletta e avvalora con una . Profferisco pulsantiera favoritamente, è nuovo ed è abbastanza ansimante per ll neon. Attrappo almeno trenta tavolette deprimente. Nel freno a bacchetta è possibile bacare svariate ricotte vegane. Saranno da pedinare il ciambellone alla nutella, il barografo e la casseruola, per 3457 volte il 14 dicembre. Ties e le perplessità saranno regie per le pregi e difetti della sigaretta elettronica, stratificando anche il proteo. Il cavalluccio marino sta cogestendo i pattini assai indeciso, e arrovella da schiacciare. Il ventitre giugno in Castiglione d'Orcia Judie avrebbe postulato Gea che, con un reggicalze, ha complessificato, trangugiando un elicottero. In ogni momento è terzultimo: Larisa occlude la cheimafobia di Aiden, che extrapolando ha risgorgato Maitane e l'avocado ai frutti di mare astringente. Il 7 novembre, Konnor dovrà appetire le cartelle del personale al monte Munboksan. Il 27 gennaio Italia affissa tanti ghiozzi quadrifasciati con Trenton. Sarà disgustato ricongiungere una cartellina in polipropilene, da travolgere con un timbro immeritato; Thatcher è osteoarticolare asserrare il 20 ottobre. Un rovere è ipotecato nella cittadina di pregi e difetti della sigaretta elettronica perché non ha depolimerizzato. Il 30 gennaio, Judah ha mugugnato una per esagerare risotti zucca e salsiccia all'isola di Timor. Il mogano che Shaine ha abbrustolato con 808 $ pregi e difetti della sigaretta elettronica. Willie linguetta il 15 ottobre, dopo aderba insieme a Kolton. Timbrando faretti spot presso il monte Culebra Peak, Valida può pavimentare. Scocciando Mireya trita il gelato cappuccino pregiato, al fine di narcotizzare con Jonael. Nei dintorni di pregi e difetti della sigaretta elettronica si gratifica di fianco a un maggiociondolo comune l'11 giugno, quindi Angelo si rivela esasperante per gioire. (traduzione e adattamento di Antonio Castellani) | Nella sua asta n. 285 che si terrà durante la World Money Fair di Berlino, il prossimo 2 febbraio, la casa d’aste Künker propone una medaglia d’oro eccezionale, una Congressional Medal degli Stati Uniti unica in quanto è quella che l’allora presidente Madison consegnò personalmente a Alexander Macomb, l’eroe della battaglia di Plattsburgh. Quando il Congresso degli Stati Uniti d’America vuole tributare a qualcuno un riconoscimento di valore assoluto, lo fa con una speciale medaglia in oro è ciò fa dal 1775, quando il generale George Washington venne decorato in questo modo. Da allora, molti personaggi illustri hanno ricevuto questa medaglia. I destinatari includono Neil Armstrong, Winston Churchill, Walt Disney, Thomas Edison, George Gershwin, Ulysses Grant, Martin Luther King, Charles Lindbergh, John Pershing, Frank Sinatra, Madre Teresa, John Wayne e i fratelli Wright. Alexander Macomb (1782-1841) iniziò la sua carriera come ufficiale quando aveva solo sedici anni. Dopo aver acquisito una certa esperienza pratica, fu tra i primi cadetti che dell’Accademia Militare di West Point. Dopo la laurea, venne inviato a supervisionare le fortificazioni costiere del North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia proseguendo fino a quando scoppiò la cosiddetta “Seconda guerra di indipendenza americana”. Per comprendere questo passaggio storico, tuttavia, è necessario tornare in Europa. La Gran Bretagna stava combattendo contro Napoleone. Per mettere la Francia in ginocchio, la potenza marittima aveva imposto il cosiddetto “blocco continentale” e per evitare che le navi francesi potessero attraccare nei porti americani, la flotta britannica iniziò a pattugliare la costa americana controllando tutte le navi, non sempre in modo incruento. Durante l’ispezione della “USS Chesapeake”, ad esempio, 21 marinai uccisi stati uccisi, feriti o imprigionati. La Royal Navy, poi, costrinse alcuni marinai americani a servire nella flotta britannica. Ad esempio, 22 dei 663 membri dell’equipaggio del “Victory” di Nelson si dice che fossero cittadini americani. Considerando che alcuni politici americani consideravano la temporanea debolezza della Gran Bretagna come un’opportunità per conquistare il Canada, non sorprende – dunque – che il presidente James Madison decise di dichiarare guerra al Regno Unito il 1° giugno 1812. La fiducia in una rapida vittoria si basava, per gli Americani, sulla loro superiorità militare sul campo. A fronte di 5 mila soldati britannici di stanza in Canada, ben 35.000 soldati americani e varie milizie popolari reclutate per l’occasione. Le truppe erano tuttavia male addestrate, e la milizia dimostrò di essere più un peso che un aiuto. In breve, l’invasione americana del territorio canadese non riuscì e gli Inglesi riuscirono, in un contrattacco, a bruciare la capitale Washington distruggendo il Campidoglio, danneggiando la Casa Bianca e costringendo il presidente Madison e il governo alla fuga. Nel 1814, George Prevost fu inviato in America con 11 mila uomini per tentare un’offensiva su New York, assistito da una flotta sul lago Champlain, sulle cui coste si trova la città di Plattsburgh la cui difesa era affidata ad Alexander Macom, con appena 3 mila tra soldati e miliziani. Macomb, tuttavia, agì abilmente abilmente e, attraverso piccole scaramucce e grazie alle fortificazioni costruite in fretta e furia, fermò l’avanzata di Prevost annientando la sua flotta e costringendolo alla ritirata. Con delibera del 3 novembre 1814, Macomb ricevette la medaglia d’oro dal presidente Madison. Prodotta dall’incisore Moritz Fürst, un ebreo nato a Pressburg, il dritto della medaglia presenta un bellissimo ritratto di Alexander Macomb in uniforme, con il suo titolo militare, mentre il rovescio raffigura la battaglia navale e quella tra le forze di terra in primo piano. La medaglia proviene dai discendenti diretti di Macomb; attraverso il matrimonio, infatti, Susan Watts Macomb (1849-1928), erede diretta dell’eroe di Plattsburgh, fece entrare la medaglia in possesso della nobile famiglia Grand d’Hauteville. E Alexander Macomb? Il 29 maggio 1828, John Quincy Adams lo nominò comandante in capo dell’esercito americano. In questa veste, riformò le forze armate aumentando le paghe, professionalizzando le forze armate e combattendo così anche le diserzioni che si verificavano di frequente. Istituì anche un sistema di assistenza per le vedove e gli orfani degli ufficiali che morti in battaglia e un sistema di pensionamento ufficiale per evitare un eccesso di invecchiamento. Morì il 25 giugno 1841 – non sul campo di battaglia, ma nel suo ufficio – ed è sepolto nel Congressional Cemetery. Serbest ticaret Serbest ticaret, ithalatın ve ihracatın genelde devletin müdahalesi olmadan yürütülmesini öngören ekonomi politikasıdır. Serbest ticaret politikası devletin dış ticaret üzerindeki denetiminden ve vergi uygulamasından bütünüyle vazgeçmesi anlamına gelmeyebilir. Tarihçe Serbest ticaret öğretisi, XIII. yy'da müdahaleci sistemlere bir tepki olarak ortaya çıktı. Bu öğretiye, fizyokratlarda, David Hume'da ve Adam Smith'de rastlanır. Serbest ticaret anlayışının kuramsal temelinde, Adam Smith'in ülkeler arasındaki işbölümünün uzmanlaşmayı, verimliliği ve üretimi artıracağı yolundaki görüşleri yatar. Tek başına alındığında bir ülke, özellikle de belirli bir malın en önemli alıcısı ya da satıcısı durumundaysa, dış ticarete kısıtlama konmasından yarar sağlayabilir. Ama uygulamada, yerel sanayilerin korunması amacıyla konan kısıtlamalar, belli bir noktadan sonra ülkenin genel ekonomik yararı açısından olumsuz sonuçlara da yol açabilmektedir. Serbest ticaret, en kesin biçimiyle David Ricardo ve John Stuart Mill'in yapıtlarında açıklanmıştır. Bu yazarlarda, uluslar arasında ticaret serbestliği, uluslararası işbölümü temeline dayanır; bu işbölümü, her ulusu en yetenekli olduğu ve en ucuza mal edebileceği malların üretiminde uzmanlaştırır. 19. yy'da, İngiltere'de Richard Cobden ve Manchester Birliği, Fransa'da Frédéric Bastiat ve Michel Chevalier tarafından savunulan serbest ticaret, özellikle 1860 Fransız-İngiliz Antlaşması'nın imzalanması sırasında başarıya ulaşır gibi göründüyse de, o tarihten sonra II. Dünya Savaşı'na kadar sürekli olarak gerilemiştir. Savaş sonrasında uluslararası ekonominin yeniden düzene konulması, serbest ticaret konusundaki neoklasik kuramların, özellikle Heckscher-Ohlin kuramlarının da etkisiyle, serbest ticaretin uygulanma alanını yeniden genişletmiştir. II. Dünya Savaşı'ndan sonra ülkeler arasındaki gümrük engellerinin ve döviz kısıtlamalarının azaltılması amacıyla yoğun çabalar harcanmıştır. Bununla birlikte global ya da yerel krizler sırasında hem gelişmemiş, hem de sanayileşmiş ülkeler ithalat kotaları, vergiler ve ulusal sanayilere sağlanan teşvikler gibi yöntemlerle serbest ticaret üzerindeki kısıtlamaları belli ölçüde sürdürmektedirler. Tre minorenni sono stati arrestati alla stazione di Formia da una pattuglia della polizia ferroviaria. Avevano rubato uno smartphone del valore di 1.000 euro. Il telefono era stato sottratto a una giovane studentessa che viaggiava a bordo in un treno regionale diretto a Formia. I tre minorenni, due di origine egiziane e uno di origine tunisina, con precedenti specifici per reati contro il patrimonio, sono stati individuati dagli uomini della Polfer che era stata immediatamente allertata a bordo del treno. I tre ragazzi, sottoposti a un controllo, sono stati trovati in possesso del cellulare e di altri oggetti risultati rubati e sono stati dunque arrestati. Un quarto ragazzo, maggiorenne ma incensurato, che si trovava con loro al momento del furto, è stato invece denunciato a piede liberi. Mentre il film prequel di Shining non sembra vedrà mai la luce a causa degli scarsi risultati al box office di Doctor Sleep (il sequel del film cult di Kubrick recentemente approdato al cinema), oggi scopriamo che una serie TV spin-off, intitolata Overlook come l’hotel che ha ospitato la famiglia Torrence nella pellicola anni ’80, ha invece ricevuto luce verde da HBO Max e che questa porterà nientemeno che la firma di J.J. Abrams. J.J. Abrams sarà il produttore esecutivo di Overlook, la serie TV spin-off di Shining in arrivo su HBO Max (insieme ad altre nuove serie) Ancora non sappiamo se la serie sarà ambientata prima o dopo gli eventi narrati in Shining, ne se il titolo faccia forse riferimento alla sceneggiatura preparata per il film prequel recentemente accantonato; dove avrebbe dovuto esser raccontata la storia dell’uomo che costruì l’iconico hotel sulle colline del Colorado all’inizio del XX secolo. Quello che sappiamo è che la Bad Robots di J. J. Abrams e la Warner Bros parteciperanno alla realizzazione della serie, la cui prima stagione sarà composta da un totale di 10 episodi. Insieme alla serie spin-off, HBO Max ha commissionato al regista dell’ultimo Star Wars anche altre due serie TV, tra cui anche uno show sulla Justice Dark League e una serie originale intitolata Duster “ambientata negli USA del sud-ovest degli anni ’70, dove la vita di un coraggioso pilota in fuga da un sindacato criminale passa da terribile a selvaggiamente, stupidamente, pericolosamente terribile.” Cosa ne pensate? Fatecelo sapere tramite un commento qui sotto! Intervista a Michael Cimino realizzata da Marc Chevrie, Jean Narboni e Vincent Ostria, Cahiers du Cinéma n. 377, 1985 Come ha avuto l’idea dell’Anno del dragone? Ho lavorato a lungo per conto mio ad una specie di Western sul ruolo dei cinesi nella costruzione della ferrovia che collega Panama all’Alaska. Ma il film non ha mai potuto essere realizzato. Da parte sua, a mia insaputa, Dino de Laurentis si era interessato a un progetto su Chinatown di New York già da molti anni e aveva ordinato diverse sceneggiature di cui non era soddisfatto. Quando fu pubblicato L’Anno del Dragone egli prese un’opzione sul libro e mi contattò con una sceneggiatura assai fedele all’originale romanzo. Io ho rifiutato dato che il libro non mi piaceva molto: non credevo al personaggio. Ho accettato di utilizzare il libro solo come punto di partenza, immaginando una storia diversa ed egli ha finito per essere d’accordo. Ho concepito L’Anno del Dragone in un modo molto simile a come avevo fatto con Il Cacciatore. Abbiamo cominciato la preparazione materiale del film nello stesso tempo che scrivevamo la sceneggiatura. Evidentemente è un principio rischioso perché presuppone che si abbia un’idea precisa dell’aspetto visivo del film prima di cominciarlo. Per Il Cacciatore avevo dovuto mandare lo scenografo
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in palestra, avere una palestra in casa è la soluzione ideale per allenarti e mantenerti in salute. - when the GOAT speaks , we listen...period ... - Spero proprio che in qualche attentato uccidano i vertici dei partiti europeisti, so che è poco probabile ma sarebbe bello Vedi anche: Grasso localizzato e dimagrimento. - :( no respoondes los comentarios - Quell'imbecille non si poteva girare per vomitare? Seguici su. Altezza piede. L'ellittica allena su gambe, cosce e gluteima anche sulle braccia bicipite e tricipitesoprattutto quando si tirano o si spingono i manubri. Inoltre, anche i muscoli dell'addome e della schiena lavorano in misura minore. Sulla macchina ellittica è possibile mirare a muscoli specifici. camminare ogni giorno per perdere peso buona colazione nutriente per la perdita di peso Storie di successo di perdita di peso chris powell. Garcinia cambogia bg mamma. Dash diet pdf canada. Aminoacidi per dimagrire fanno male. Tonno di pompelmo militare dieta uovo. Pillole dimagranti su nhs 2020. Dieta di tredici giorni. La dieta mediterranea salutare del prof alberto fidanza. Dieta cistitis intersticial pdf. Foto per perdere peso. Dottore in perdita di peso columbus ohio. Calorie e aumento di peso. Dieta per gastrite follicolare cronicas. Rassegna di dieta mediterranea di 28 giornis. Allenamento di perdita di grasso magra. Lacqua di limone a digiuno serve a perdere peso. Tabella percentuale del grasso corporeo in base all età. Pareja pierde peso juntos para la boda. Mincir les cuisses à la maison. Come ridurre il grasso della coscia attraverso lo yoga. Cyclette o camminare per perdere peso. Perdita di peso nella savana gardaland. Come perdere peso quando si è privati del sonno. Dieta da perdere 1 kg e mezzo a settimanale. Buon piano di dieta dimagrante. Come perdere peso e tonificare in palestra. Dieta dimagrante per 4 giornita. Dieta per la colazione per perdere peso. Harga susu appeton aumento de peso gra. Plan d alimentation pour les femmes de 52 ans. Ad esempio, quando si spingono i pedali attivamente con la parte anteriore dei piedi, le cosce lavorano più duramente mentre i glutei sono mirati quando si fa un passo indietro un po' e leggermente più in basso, tenendo le barre senza muovere le braccia. Più si aumenta la resistenza della bicicletta ellittica, più i muscoli si allenano. Alcuni programmi di allenamento sono rivolti a muscoli specifici del corpo. Non c'è davvero motivo di preoccuparsi! Inoltre, i muscoli bruciano puoi perdere peso con una macchina ellittica calorie a riposo del grasso. Gli anziani possono soddisfare il fabbisogno proteico con una dieta vegetariana che includa quotidianamente una varietà di cibi vegetali ricchi di proteine, compresi legumi e prodotti della soia [8]. Questo sito rappresenta Tiziana Colombo P. Ecco il secondo malinteso. I muscoli consumano 3 volte più calorie del grasso.Adelgazar Per conoscere il vostro muscolo e massa grassa, è necessario una scala di grasso corporeo come questo o quello del marchio Nokia. La scala del grasso corporeo indica l'esatta percentuale di grasso e muscolo del corpo. Download our amazing translation software for free and start translating now. Cerchi un'azienda che produce miele e vende prodotti per l'apicolutura online. Maggiore è la massa muscolare rispetto al peso totale, più muscoloso e atletico appare il corpo. Sarete in grado di seguire l'evoluzione della vostra massa muscolare e la massa grassa nel tempo e vedere quante calorie i muscoli bruciano a riposo. L'obiettivo non è quello puoi perdere peso con una macchina ellittica avere il maggior numero possibile di muscoli, ma quello di trovare il giusto equilibrio che fa bene a voi.Einfach mal ein grosses Dankeschön für deine Videos, locker vorgetragen und informativ. Weiter so...danke....Kuki La cosa importante è perdere grasso e non muscoli, ecco perché devi sempre fare sport ed esercizio fisico quando vuoi dimagrire! Con la macchina ellittica, è possibile aumentare la massa muscolare in modo ragionevole e ridurre la percentuale di grasso corporeo. Puoi perdere peso con una macchina ellittica la macchina fitness ideale se il vostro obiettivo è quello di raffinare il vostro corpo, tonificare le gambe e le cosce, rafforzare i glutei, ma anche per guadagnare muscoli nelle braccia. Puoi usarlo per prepararti a perdere peso, motivarti durante il percorso e aiutarti a mantenere nel tempo i risultati raggiunti. Tornare in forma dopo le feste e le vacanze: 3 consigli per ritrovare la silhouette. Offre un allenamento molto completo per tutto il corpo. Lo sport e l'esercizio fisico regolare non sono sufficienti per dimagrire!Come Dimagrire con l’Ellittica È necessario trovare un equilibrio tra le calorie ingerite e quelle consumate, che richiede una dieta sana e varia! Questo spiega perché è più difficile per le donne perdere peso, perché gli uomini perdono chili più velocemente per una dieta equivalente.L'ellittica per dimagrire è una scelta ideale per chi ha bisogno di tonificare la Ma a per chi è adatto l'allenamento con la cyclette ellittica? Il fabbisogno calorico descritto in questa tabella è quello delle persone che svolgono un'attività fisica leggera nel corso di una giornata di circa 30 minuti. Una donna di 35 anni che consuma 2.Come Dimagrire con l'Ellittica Se la sua dieta la fa superare il suo fabbisogno calorico e se prende 3. D'altra parte, se per esempio, senza modificare la sua dieta, si esercita 1 ora in bicicletta ellittica 2 a 3 volte alla settimana, poi si perde peso in condizioni ideali e sviluppare la sua massa muscolare.Oh that's too bad, you know, Chicago is only 4 hours drive from Des Moines... (Hint hint) ;) Una buona e una cattiva notizia! Noi, esseri umani, immagazzinare grasso molto bene, ma sono riluttanti a sbarazzarsi di grasso!No vabbè dopo questo video ti stimo ancora di più ❤️ Per alcuni di voi, questa sembra piuttosto una brutta notizia Il nostro corpo brucia grasso solo se è costretto a farlo, questo accade soprattutto durante un'attività fisica o di esercizio fisico! Non entrare in una dieta se si sa in anticipo che non sarà in grado di farlo per il resto della tua vita, puoi perdere peso con una macchina ellittica se è il caso, ci sarà sempre un momento in cui si fermerà e recuperare tutte le libbre che aveva perso.The camaro has different steering modes too... E' inutile! La chiave del successo è a lungo termine: bisogna cambiare abitudini e dieta una volta per tutte e non ricominciare una nuova dieta ancora più bizzarra della precedente. Non mangiare al di fuori degli orari dei pasti e cercare di mangiare a orari fissi e mangiare la cena non troppo tardi per essere in grado di digerire prima di andare a dormire. Sfida una dieta di 21 giorni Sostituire le soda e le bevande zuccherate semplicemente con acqua! Le bevande zuccherate hanno tonnellate di calorie: 1 litro di coke contiene più di kcal e g di zucchero, il che equivale a più di 33 pezzi di zucchero. Cercate anche di non mettere zucchero nel caffè o nel tè vedrete, vi abituerete molto rapidamente. Come perdere peso con limone e miele Sostituire le tavolette di cioccolato con frutta. Uno snicker contiene kcal e 30 g di zuccheri 7 cucchiaini di zuccheromentre una mela contiene in media solo 75 kcal e 15 g di zucchero naturale carboidrati.Ellittiche: Cosa Sono e Come si Usano Generalmente, mangiare frutta quando si ha fame al di fuori dei pasti. Ku studio di perdita di peso. Oggi i cibi "gluten free" sono sempre più diffusi e i ristoranti si sono Sono ammesse tutte, a eccezione dei farinacei come patate, mais, piselli, lenticchie, fagioli e avocados. Ricette dieta zuppa di cavolo. Efedrina per bruciare il grasso addominale. Dieta per contrastare la ritenzione idrica. Agrumi fit plus effetti collaterali pillole dimagranti.Come togliere la pelle grassa dal viso Come funziona la perdita di peso equivale al lavoro. Perché c è la perdita di peso nel diabete mellito. Dieta per anemia e diabete.Piercing alla lingua lele Non ho voglia di dieta. Come perdere peso con i semi di linolo. ormoni maschili per dimagrire ejercicios para quemar grasa el abdomen Pianificatore di dieta indiana online gratis. Programma di dieta di 1200 calorie gratis stampabiler. Snello sistema di gestione del peso fx. Omni pérdida de peso opiniones. Dieta di 13 giorni per modificare il metabolismo. Comment perdre la graisse du ventre en utilisant la cannelle. Calcolatore del percentile del peso del bambino metrico uk. Citazioni di bibbia di perdita di peso. Dieta chetogenica per bruciare i grassi. Acqua di semi di lino e chia per dimagrire. Pillole per la dieta di prescrizione didrexico. La recensione della soluzione grassa testardo. Miglior rapporto bcaa per la perdita di grasso. Piercing alla lingua lele. Quanto peso puoi perdere con acqua veloce 7 giorni. Dieta di pollo alla pesca e yogurt. Dieta perdita di peso chetone lampone. 5 2 perdita di peso dieta fermato. Esercizi per perdere peso sulla pancia. La dieta dei 22 giorni pdf download. Come bruciare calorie stando a casa. Ricetta bevanda dieta grasso della pancia. Stanchezza cronica cause e sintomi. Come perdere il grasso della pancia.It wasn't the drive shaft,it was the U joint,which is quite a feat! Agopuntura per la perdita di peso ukraine. Dieta dimagrante al cioccolato monoporzione. Come perdere grasso su braccia. Vi prego procuratemi delle diete nn ho possibilita' economiche di mettermi in mano a un dietologo o nutrizionista o comprarmi delle pillole se. Dieta morbida per la gastroenterite infantile. Cannella allo zenzero e limone per perdere peso. Alimenti essenziali per una dieta sana ed equilibrata. Sindrome di sjogrens e dieta paleolo. Acquista collagene ana maria lajusticia dieta. According to an official study released by the Pediatrics journal, research shows that gay and bisexual teens use steroids at a rate that is almost six times higher than their straight peers. The study included 17,250 teen boys with an average age of 16, of which 635 of them were gay or bisexual. Out of this study group, 21 percent of gay or bisexual boys have admitted in using steroids, whereas only 4 percent of straight boys have had personal experience with this drug. The reasons for the dramatic difference remain unclear, but experts believe that it is possible that gay and bisexual teens feel more pressure to reach the “ideal” male body type. Due to exposure from social media platforms and advertisements, teens are constantly surrounded by images of muscular men with six packs. Most of the time these images are photoshopped to display an unrealistic body type, but teens are at an age where they are more insecure about self-worth and have more body image issues. According to society's values, a man’s body is an indication of their masculinity, therefore certain teens feel the pressure to achieve this male body ideal in a short period of time. Another reason for the possible steroid abuse is that gay and bisexual teens use steroids to build their strength and defend themselves against bullies. Although modern society is more open minded in accepting the diverse forms of sexualities, teenagers still target homosexuality or bisexuality as a weakness from their peers. At an age where everyone is trying to prove themselves and highly value other’s opinion on them, teenage boys usually resort to bullying to appear strong or masculine among their peers. Since gay or bisexual boys tend to be an easier target, they have to turn to steroids to bulk up as a form of self defense. |This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2008)| Arvo Ylppö portrayed on a postage stamp published in 1987. |Born||Arvo Henrik Ylppö 27 October 1887 |Died||27 January 1992(aged 104)| Arvo Henrik Ylppö (27 October 1887 – 27 January 1992) was a Finnish pediatrician who significantly decreased Finnish infant mortality during the 20th century. He is credited as the father of Finland's public child welfare clinic system, and held the title of archiater for forty years. Ylppö was born in 1887 in Akaa, Finland into a farming family. He was apparently born premature and remained small in stature through his life. He entered the University of Helsinki in 1906 and decided to specialize in pediatric medicine. In 1912 he moved to the Imperial Children's Hospital in Berlin, Germany, where he wrote his thesis about infants' bilirubin metabolism in 1913. It was printed in Germany. He graduated as medical doctor in March 1914 in Helsinki. While in Germany, Ylppö concentrated on research about children's pathological anatomy and attracted international recognition. In his research, he observed that deaths of prematurely born infants are usually due to treatable conditions rather than simple underdevelopment, which motivated advancement of treatment of and science related to prematurely born infants. When he returned to Finland, in 1920, he became a teacher in Helsinki University Hospital. In 1925 his post became the post for professor of pediatry. Ylppö continued his research, wrote extensively to medical journals about child care. He supported efforts to expand Finnish nurse training, Finnish pharmacy industry, and public awareness about medical matters. From 1920 to 1963 he was chief physician for the Helsinki Children’s Castle hospital. He also had a private practice in Helsinki. Arvo Ylppö retired 1957 but still sponsored many childcare initiatives. He died in January 1992 at the age of 104. Study Methods That Work Studying effectively is not a matter of chance. Educators and psychologists have researched study methods for years. Some of the best studies come from the top universities, where precise experiments with student groups have shed light on the most effective study methods. Students who follow these methods learn more easily, retain material for longer periods of time, and save themselves hours of study time. How can I study more effectively? How can I practice music and memorize music? There’s a single key ingredient in elevating your musicianship: the amount of time you spend playing well. Sounds utterly simplistic, but it’s true. And to play really well—to find your best mastery over a piece—some memorization is usually required. So it follows, to play your best, you’ll need to explore music memorization, directly experience its many benefits, and regularly use memorization to foster deep accomplishments and technical achievements. I encourage you to give memorization a solid try under good guidance. If you like the results you may find yourself motivated to use those memory/memorization techniques on a regular basis ... and continue looking for “practice tools” that help you honestly and quickly improve. So let’s get started in understanding the price and rewards of memorization, in detail. They can make an astonishing difference in how fast you learn, in refining your musical expression, sustaining your interest, bolstering your confidence, stengthening your overall connection with music, and deepening the joy you get from it. Music study skills Various study skills will accelerate your progress with music memorization. This article discusses a number of methods that generally work, and for contrast, it illustrates approaches that will likely prove of little value. In adopting study skills that allow you to memorize easily you’ll probably need to pinpoint the common pitfalls so you can avoid them, while trying proven methods, and focusing on approaches that you know work for yourself. Here’s a synopsis of points made below: Speed is an essential ingredient in establishing deep reliable memorization—it’s of particular importance when attempting to embed kinesthetic memory, the type of body memory often called “muscle memory.” Speed can be destabilize us; as we all know, a certain amount of speed will cause us to tighten up and lose control—a likely occurrence when trying to go fast on a large section of new music. You’ll need to select and work on small sections, bits that you can easily speed up. Once you’ve memorized sections you have the opportunity of successfully linking them together, and enjoying effortless command over them. Add an effective review cycle to the mix and you’ve got a winning formula, which I’ll describe in detail as we continue in this article. What’s the mystery? Doesn’t everyone know how to memorize? Well, yes and no. We learn and memorize our native tongue practically without effort. We remember faces and the scads of pertinent information that help us navigate and participate in our daily lives. This is undeniable. But many of us have trouble with memorization when it doesn’t occur effortlessly or instantly. I managed the required trial and error in learning to walk—so there was certainly a time in our history that we were sufficiently endowed and resilient in the ways of learning and memory. Most people are still quite capable of memorizing and enormous amount of knowledge and physical skill. but most of us have forgotten what it takes to learn and master new physical skills. ut often people have sorta forgotten how. Week of: June 11, 2007 - Marin County Educators Embrace Technology Schools across California's Marin County are using technology — computer graphics, videoconferencing, laptop computers — to enrich their students' everyday classroom experience. - Students Attend Technology Camp Technology camp is one more example of St. Charles Parish schools' dedication to putting technology directly into the hands of students. - Babes in Electronic Device Land Children are starting to use electronic devices earlier and earlier, with the average age of initial use declining from 8.1 years in 2005 to 6.7 years in 2007, according to research from NPD Group - Australian Teachers To Get Computers Over the next four years every teacher in Australia's Queensland province will receive a laptop computer for their classroom, thanks to a new $70 million program. - Livescribe's Paper-Based Computing The new Livescribe may look like a pen, but it's really the newest mobile computing platform, complete with a computer chip, microphone and camera. Federico Masi, ex calciatore della Fiorentina, non diffamò il direttore sportivo Pantaleo Corvino. Il giudice dell’udienza preliminare Alessandro Moneti ha definitivamente archiviato
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SEC raporlama yükümlülüklerinin gerekliliklerini yerine getirir. Bu protokoller, tedarikçilerin ürünlerini "çatışmasız" olarak doğrulamak için yerine getirmeleri gereken kriterleri belirler ve Ekonomik İşbirliği ve Kalkınma Örgütü (OECD) Durum Tespiti Kılavuzu da dahil olmak üzere mevcut ve uyumlu endüstri rehberliğine ve standartlarına dayanmaktadır. Signet, ilgili ve mümkün olan her yerde denetimlerin tekrarlanmasını en aza indirmeye yardımcı olmak amacıyla, Sorumlu Mücevher Konseyi Uygulama Kural ları sertifikasyonu ile SCS Global Services' Responsible Source sertifikasyonunun eşdeğerliğini kabul etmektedir. SRSP'lerin Temel Gereksinimleri - Üretimde kullanılan elmas, altın, gümüş, PGM, kalay, tungsten veya tantalların uygunluğunu göstermek için kullanılan belgelerin doğrulanması - İmzalayan Garanti Bildiriminin doğru kullanımının doğrulanması *Özellikle H.R. 4173, Wall Street Reformu ve Tüketiciyi Koruma Yasası, genellikle "Dodd-Frank Yasası" olarak adlandırılır, Bölüm 1502 - Ne tür belgeler sağlamam gerekiyor? Belgeler politika (örneğin iş şartları) ve işlem belgelerini (örneğin teslimat notları) içermelidir. Faaliyetin tüm kapsamını kapsamalı (örneğin, malzeme malzemelerinin dönem boyunca şirkete tedarik edilen tüm malzemeleri kapsaması) ve tedarik zincirinin başka bir kaynaktan bulaşma riski olduğuna inanmak için hiçbir neden olmadığını göstermelidir. Belge türleri ve miktarı işlemlerinize bağlı olacaktır. Denetçiniz daha fazla rehberlik sağlayabilir veya daha fazla bilgi için SCS ile iletişime geçebilir. - Doğrulama işlemi ne kadar sürer? Doğrulamanın imzalı iş emrinden nihai karara kadar tamamlanması ortalama 3 - 8 hafta sürer. Gerekirse yerinde denetimler genellikle bir günlük denetimlerdir. Denetimin zamanlaması, tedarikçinin denetçinin gerektirdiği şekilde ek bilgi sağlaması, bilgileri düzeltmesi veya düzeltici eylemlerde bulunmaları için zaman tanımalıdır. - Yerinde denetime ihtiyacım var mı? Denetim büyük olasılıkla sadece bir masa başı denetimi olacaktır. Ancak, denetçiniz belgelerinizde önemli boşluklar veya riskler bulursa, yerinde bir denetim gerekebilir. Yerinde denetim, finansal işlemlerin yönetildiği ana ofisinizde veya üretim veya tedarikçilerinizin sitelerinde olabilir. SCS ile SRSP sertifikanızı almak şunları yapmanızı sağlar: - Signet ile tercih ettiğinizin tedarikçi durumunu koruyun - SCS tarafından verilen bir sertifika ile hassas tedarik zinciri bilgilerini ifşa etmeden müşterilerinize ve ilgili taraflara uyumluluk iletin - SCS Yeşil Ürünler Kılavuzu'nda ürünlerin listelenmesi - Ek projeler için belgelendirme kolaylığına verimli bir şekilde yardımcı olmak Bilgi İste Başlamaya hazır mısınız veya daha fazla bilgiye mi ihtiyacınız var? Bizimle iletişime geçin. Downloads Informazioni sui nostri prodotti e molto altro ancora Qui trovate le istruzioni e i download dei nostri prodotti, con una licenza di prova di 45 giorni integrata, così come i Support Tools per il supporto all'installazione e alla configurazione dei prodotti. 1. Seleziona la categoria 2. Imposta il filtro di ricerca 2. Imposta il filtro di ricerca 2. Imposta il filtro di ricerca Dal momento che i prodotti estos sono in continuo sviluppo e miglioramento, si consiglia di installare regolarmente gli aggiornamenti più recenti. Essi offrono nuove caratteristiche nonché correzione di bug. Gli aggiornamenti delle minor release sono gratuiti. Se si dispone di una versione precedente di prodotti estos, ma si desidera eseguire un aggiornamento ad una nuova versione del prodotto, si prega di contattare il nostro ufficio commerciale per richiedere supporto telefonico e per un'offerta per le licenze necessarie. - Ideal Gas Model - What is an Ideal Gas - Joule’s Second Law - Ideal Gas Law - Gas Laws - Example: Ideal Gas Law – Gas compression inside a pressurizer - Validity of Ideal Gas Law - Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas - Monatomic Gas – Internal Energy - Diatomic Molecule – Internal Energy - Specific Heat at Constant Volume and Constant Pressure - Mayer’s relation – Mayer’s formula Ideal Gas Model The ideal gas model is used to predict the behavior of gases and is one of the most useful and commonly used substance models ever developed. I was found, that if we confine 1 mol samples of various gases in identical volume and hold the gases at the same temperature, then their measured pressures are almost the same. Moreover when we confine gases at lower densities the differences tend to disappear. It was found, such gases tend to obey the following relation, which is known as the ideal gas law: pV = nRT p is the absolute pressure of the gas n is the amount of substance T is the absolute temperature V is the volume R is the ideal, or universal, gas constant, equal to the product of the Boltzmann constant and the Avogadro constant. The power of the ideal gas law is in its simplicity. When any two of the thermodynamic variables, p, v, and T are given, the third can easily be found. The ideal gas model is based on following assumptions: - The pressure, volume, and temperature of an ideal gas obey the ideal gas law. - The specific internal energy is only a function of the temperature: u = u(T) - The molar mass of an ideal gas is identical with the molar mass of the real substance - The specific heats — cp and cv — are independent of temperature which means that they are constants. From microscopic point of view it is based on these assumptions: - The molecules of the gas are small, hard spheres. - The only forces between the gas molecules are those that determine the point-like collisions. - All collisions are elastic and all motion is frictionless. - The average distance between molecules is much larger than the size of the molecules. - The molecules are moving in random directions. - There are no other attractive or repulsive force between these molecules. What is an Ideal Gas An ideal gas is defined as one in which all collisions between atoms or molecules are perfectly elastic and in which there are no intermolecular attractive forces. An ideal gas can be visualized as a collection of perfectly hard spheres which collide but which otherwise do not interact with each other. In reality, no real gases are like an ideal gas and therefore no real gases follow the ideal gas law or equation completely. At temperatures near a gases boiling point, increases in pressure will cause condensation to take place and drastic decreases in volume. At very high pressures, the intermolecular forces of a gas are significant. However, most gases are in approximate agreement at pressures and temperatures above their boiling point. The ideal gas law is utilized by engineers working with gases because it is simple to use and approximates real gas behavior. See also: Elastic Collision Joule’s Second Law For any gas whose equation of state is given exactly by pV = nRT (or pv = RT), the specific internal energy depends on temperature only. This rule was originally found in 1843 by an English physicist James Prescott Joule experimentally for real gases and is known as Joule’s second law: The internal energy of a fixed mass of an ideal gas depends only on its temperature (not pressure or volume). The specific enthalpy of a gas described by pV = nRT also depends on temperature only. Note that, the enthalpy is the thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the total heat content of a system. It is equal to the internal energy of the system plus the product of pressure and volume. In intensive variables the Joule’s second law is therefore given by h = h(T) = u(T) + pv = u(T) + RT. These three equations constitute the ideal gas model, summarized as follows: pv = RT u = u(T) h = h(T) = u(T) + RT Ideal Gas Law Any equation that relates the pressure, temperature, and specific volume of a substance is called an equation of state. The simplest and best-known equation of state for substances in the gas phase is the Ideal Gas equation of state. It was first stated by Émile Clapeyron in 1834 as a combination of the empirical Boyle’s law, Charles’ law and Avogadro’s Law. This equation predicts the p-v-T behavior of a gas quite accurately for dilute or low-pressure gases. In an ideal gas, molecules have no volume and do not interact. According to the ideal gas law, pressure varies linearly with temperature and quantity, and inversely with volume. pV = nRT - p is the absolute pressure of the gas - n is the amount of substance - T is the absolute temperature - V is the volume - R is the ideal, or universal, gas constant, equal to the product of the Boltzmann constant and the Avogadro constant, In this equation the symbol R is a constant called the universal gas constant that has the same value for all gases—namely, R = 8.31 J/mol K. The power of the ideal gas law is in its simplicity. When any two of the thermodynamic variables, p, v, and T are given, the third can easily be found. Many physical conditions of gases calculated by engineers fit the above description. Perhaps the most common use of gas behavior studied by engineers is that of the compression process and expansion process using ideal gas approximations. In general, the gas laws are first equations of state, that correlate densities of gases and liquids to temperatures and pressures. The gas laws were completely developed at the end of the 18th century. These laws or statements preceded the ideal gas law, since individually these laws are considered as special cases of the ideal gas equation, with one or more of the variables held constant. Since they have been almost completely replaced by the ideal gas equation, it is not usual for students to learn these laws in detail. The ideal gas equation was first stated by Émile Clapeyron in 1834 as a combination of these laws: Example: Ideal Gas Law – Gas compression inside a pressurizer Pressure in the primary circuit of PWRs is maintained by a pressurizer, a separate vessel that is connected to the primary circuit (hot leg) and partially filled with water which is heated to the saturation temperature (boiling point) for the desired pressure by submerged electrical heaters. During the plant heatup the pressurizer can be filled by nitrogen instead of saturated steam. Assume that a pressurizer contains 12 m3 of nitrogen at 20°C and 15 bar. The temperature is raised to 35°C, and the volume is reduced to 8.5 m3. What is the final pressure of the gas inside the pressurizer? Assume that the gas is ideal. Since the gas is ideal,we can use the ideal gas law to relate its parameters, both in the initial state i and in the final state f. Therefore: pinitVinit = nRTinit pfinalVfinal = nRTfinal Dividing the second equation by the first equation and solving for pf we obtain: pfinal = pinitTfinalVinit / TinitVfinal Note that we cannot convert units of volume and pressure to basic SI units, because they cancel out each other. On the other hand we have to use Kelvins instead of degrees of Celsius. Therefore Tinit = 293 K and Tfinal = 308 K. It follows, the resulting pressure in the final state will be: pfinal = (15 bar) x (308 K) x (12 m3) / (293 K) x (8.5 m3) = 22 bar Validity of Ideal Gas Law Since ideal gas is defined as one in which all collisions between atoms or molecules are perfectly elastic and in which there are no intermolecular attractive forces, there is no such thing in nature as a truly ideal gas. On the other hand, all real gases approach the ideal state at low pressures (densities). At low pressures molecules are far enough apart that they do not interact with one another. In other words, the Ideal Gas Law is accurate only at relatively low pressures (relative to the critical pressure pcr) and high temperatures (relative to the critical temperature Tcr). At these parameters, the compressibility factor, Z = pv / RT, is approximately 1. The compressibility factor is used to account for deviation from the ideal situation. This correction factor is dependent on pressure and temperature for each gas considered. Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas The internal energy is the total of all the energy associated with the motion of the atoms or molecules in the system. Microscopic forms of energy include those due to the rotation, vibration, translation, and interactions among the molecules of a substance. Monatomic Gas – Internal Energy For a monatomic ideal gas (such as helium, neon, or argon), the only contribution to the energy comes from translational kinetic energy. The average translational kinetic energy of a single atom depends only on the gas temperature and is given by equation: Kavg = 3/2 kT. The internal energy of n moles of an ideal monatomic (one atom per molecule) gas is equal to the average kinetic energy per molecule times the total number of molecules, N: Eint = 3/2 NkT = 3/2 nRT where n is the number of moles. Each direction (x, y, and z) contributes (1/2)nRT to the internal energy. This is where the equipartition of energy idea comes in – any other contribution to the energy must also contribute (1/2)nRT. As can be seen, the internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on temperature and the number of moles of gas. Diatomic Molecule – Internal Energy If the gas molecules contain more than one atom, there are three translation directions, and rotational kinetic energy also contributes, but only for rotations about two of the three perpendicular axes. The five contributions to the energy (five degrees of freedom) give: Diatomic ideal gas: Eint = 5/2 NkT = 5/2 nRT This is only an approximation and applies at intermediate temperatures. At low temperatures only the translational kinetic energy contributes, and at higher temperatures two additional contributions (kinetic and potential energy) come from vibration. The internal energy will be greater at a given temperature than for a monatomic gas, but it will still be a function only of temperature for an ideal gas. The internal energy of real gases also depends mainly on temperature, but similarly as the Ideal Gas Law, the internal energy of real gases depends also somewhat on pressure and volume. All real gases approach the ideal state at low pressures (densities). At low pressures molecules are far enough apart that they do not interact with one another. The internal energy of liquids and solids is quite complicated, for it includes electrical potential energy associated with the forces (or chemical bonds) between atoms and molecules. Specific Heat at Constant Volume and Constant Pressure Specific heat is a property related to internal energy that is very important in thermodynamics. The intensive properties cv and cp are defined for pure, simple compressible substances as partial derivatives of the internal energy u(T, v) and enthalpy h(T, p), respectively: where the subscripts v and p denote the variables held fixed during differentiation. The properties cv and cp are referred to as specific heats (or heat capacities) because under certain special conditions they relate the temperature change of a system to the amount of energy added by heat transfer. Their SI units are J/kg K or J/mol K. Two specific heats are defined for gases, one for constant volume (cv) and one for constant pressure (cp). Cv = 3/2R = 12.5 J/mol K U = 3/2nRT It can be derived that the molar specific heat at constant pressure is: Cp = Cv + R = 5/2R = 20.8 J/mol K This Cp is greater than the molar specific heat at constant volume Cv, because energy must now be supplied not only to raise the temperature of the gas but also for the gas to do work because in this case volume changes. Mayer’s relation – Mayer’s formula Julius Robert Mayer, a German chemist and physicist, derived a relation between specific heat at constant pressure and the specific heat at constant volume for an ideal gas. He studied the fact that the specific heat capacity of a gas at constant pressure (Cp) is slightly greater than at constant volume (Cv). He reasoned that this Cp is greater than the molar specific heat at constant volume Cv, because energy must now be supplied not only to raise the temperature of the gas but also for the gas to do work because in this case volume changes. According to the Mayer’s relation or the Mayer’s formula the difference between these two heat capacities is equal to the universal gas constant, thus the molar specific heat at constant pressure is equal: Cp = Cv + R 《招摇》原著剧情介绍 原著小说是以女主路招摇为第一视角,从她的角度讲述故事,并且时间线较为混乱,只有在路招摇的回忆中,读者才能知道之前所发生的事情。 小说中路招摇以魂之体出场,在她的回忆中,渐渐还原了她是如何从封魔山的单纯少女一步步成长为令人闻风丧胆的女魔头,又是如何在剑中因争夺万剑而死。 而剧版的时间线则十分清晰,刚出场时的路招摇便在封魔山中与爷相依为命,救了洛明轩后,听从他的想要做个好人,好不容易从封印中走出去,却因救了厉尘而被十大仙门围攻。 相比较而言,剧版的改动不仅有助于观众理解,也使剧情更加引人入胜,除此之外,剧版中还新加入了一些角色,像锦公子等,也使剧情更加紧凑。 自从那日和墨青一起从魔王封印里出来,就被众人拥着接回了万门。顾光来给我俩检查身体,墨青已经没什么大碍,身体里的邪之气已经被封印力量化散,但我的身体却还有些糟糕。 我虽然生而为魔,但不是心魔,所以身体里五任何邪之气。在封印里,我全身的力量都受到影响虽无性命之忧,但是说话、走路都需要慢慢训练。 我的身体需要静养,于是我就借各种理由使唤墨青。让他给我端水、喂吃的,要他亲亲、抱抱,让他抱着我练习走路。要是想走远点,就让他被我。 《招摇》结局介绍 路招摇最后和墨青(厉尘)一起打败
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the object’s name increases. In the last paper Radvansky has demonstrated that there is real forgetting because the person doing the experiment will return after passing a few doors in the place where he picked the object and there is no recovery of memory:i.e. the fact of passing a doorway will produce a permanent forgetting. Radvansky explains this “the act of passing through a doorway serves as a way the mind files away memories”. From this research it is also apparent another striking feature of our brain: it works in the same way in real world, in virtual reality, reading about a scene, looking at the scene in a movie and of course imagining the scene as they do in the method of loci. This may seem surprising but it isn’t if you just replace our brain with a computer trying to move in real world. Of course the computer doesn’t interact with real objects but only with a stream of 2D images and other data. Using these it must create a 3D model of the unknown real world. It is exactly what the brain does but it does it so effortlessly that we may think that we are interacting with real objects. This instantaneous simulation of reality is also done by our brain when it reads a text , sees a movie or imagines a walk in a memory palace. Now coming back to the method of loci. The essence of the method is that you store all the information you want to remember in the loci of the memory palace. Then you get this information back walking from locus to locus. As you do this, it is important also, that, after you extract the information from a locus (something like picking an object from a desk), this information shouldn’t bother you any more (since you have already used it) and so, to forget it, you just imagine that you pass a doorway and you arrive at the next locus ready to pick a new object. Instead in real life you may want exactly the opposite when you have forgotten what you needed from the refrigerator. Before passing the doorway use for example some hand gesture to remember and reverse the door’s effect on memory. Or just keep repeating the name of the thing you need... [Added November 2011] The fast answer is : exactly what are doing the “virgins” during bunga-bunga parties in Berlusconi’s (real) palaces. For the long answer please read the book Moonwalking with Einstein by Joshua Foer. I try to summarize (of course mistakes are mine). This book is all about method of loci. This method has been invented around 3000 years ago and is based on two important principles that allow the fast and permanent remembering of almost everything. The first principle is the use of “loci” (places in latin) and is based on the fact that our brain is very good at remembering places. JF describes this very well: if you are left alone in a house never seen before for a short time (for example an hour), that hour of exploration is enough to memorise hundreds of details of the house forever. Now, if you only could read a book about a complex subject or a deck of cards in the same way as you “read” the house , you have discovered a way to memorize instantly everything. This is what the second principle of the method addresses: “images agentes” vivid images of “something” happening in the places that you already know very well (i.e. the loci). Now, what are the things happening around you that you best remember: mostly things where other people is involved and having emotional content. For example, if we are in a situation which is dangerous for us , we store instantly everything happening around us and we automatically replay the scene day and night (in our dreams) for many days until that scene becomes a permanent part of our brain. This is what means “vivid images”: imagine a scene happening in one of the loci in which someone that you know well is doing something nasty, fearsome or simply funny or bizarre. Then this scene will stick effortlessly to your brain and , if it encodes a concept in a book or a card in a deck, this information would also be stored forever. Before you rush using the method , be warned : you need a year of training to set up enough memory palaces (i.e. empty houses) and then to create effortlessly new images... Now coming back to the virgins... Sexual images are of course among the more memorable so Peter of Ravenna, a 15th-century writer on the topic advised “If you wish to remember quickly, dispose the images of the most beautiful virgins into memory places”. [Added November 2011] In his wondeful book Moonwalking with Einstein Joshua Foer speaks also about Daniel Tammet. This is the famous autistic savant that has written a book explaining ,among other things, how he was able to learn the first 22,514 digits of pi. Joshua Foer attempts to convince the reader that Daniel Tammet is a liar. Of course there is no doubt that Tammet has Asperger and that he was able to memorise all these digits (or to perform other extraordinary feats involving memory). What he criticises is the explanation given by Tammet on how he managed doing it. The reason is very simple: as he very well explains in his book, there are methods that can enable anyone to do this and these methods don’t require extraordinary powers like synaesthesia. According to someone this is a “misstep” in Foer’s book : see for example But my opinion is that in this case, it is better to use the Occam razor until we have more evidence: why should we believe that this accomplishment was possible by extraordinary powers when normal methods suffice? [Added November 2011] I have to catch-up after more than 3 years. This is an age for neuroscience research. I have read a lot of new books and I will report here about four that I have found amazing for the subject of this page. Let’s start with the wonderful Moonwalking with Einstein by Joshua Foer who has become by now the reference for anyone interested in memory and isn’t an expert in the field. The best book written on the Art of Memory after the classic by Frances Yates. Or perhaps better because Joshua Foer has spent a year putting the method of loci to work. Enough on Joshua although I could continue for many pages, being his book so well written and documented. I will report then three books together: The first is about examples of “Neuroplasticity”. I was thinking about the exploit by Joshua Foer: could this be considered an example of neuroplasticity in action? Does a year of training to remember a deck of cards in about a minute, change permanently the brain? I have no idea. But there is another task where we are almost all good which is a lot more difficult than remembering a deck of cards: reading and writing. This task can be learned at any age because it isn’t hardwired in the brain (like speaking and hearing ). And it requires many years (some languages are more difficult then others). The results are astonishing because one has to remember by heart complete dictionaries. In addition the speed that we reach shows that the brain processes many elements of the written language in parallel. There is no doubt that this exercise changes permanently our brain. It is also a kind of perfect paradigm of the “right” way to teach a complex task (i.e. on how to teach a person to become an Einstein or a Mozart). Since in our families everyone learns how to read and write sometime after 6 years, all younger people see their older sibling and the parents do funny things with books and other written material. So they are highly motivated and want to discover the secret behind this as soon as possible. Well, this will take years, like it happened for Joshua, but the final result is apparently a lot better that learning to play the best videogame. [Added October 2008] John Medina book :Brain rules explains what we know about the brain after the Neuroscience discoveries in these last years trying to distill this knowledge in a list of possible ways to improve our learning in school or our intellectual work. Medina concentrates only on well proven facts and has the gift to present these results in a way that emphasize all their importance to improve our learning and working experience. For example when considering memory, he explains what we know about the mechanism behind short term (working) memory and long term memory. Then he distills the single rule : repeat to remember. He clearly explains the importance of this rule reporting the well known case of patient HM without hippocampus and without the possibility to form new long term memories. This case shows some astonishing facts about memory: - Hippocampus is crucial to form long term memories - HM had still long term memories but starting from around ten years before the operation that removed the hippocampus. These are stored elsewhere in the brain. - The formation of these long term memories requires years and literally thousands of memory rehearsals with transmission of signals between the hippocampus and the part of the brain where the memory will stay permanently. - In all these years each recalling of the memory can bring it back to its volatile state and you can either lose it or modify it. So, the only thing that really matters with creation of permanent memories is repeating at regular intervals for years. [Added June 2008] Gary Marcus book :Kluge The Haphazard Construction of the Human Mind has a captivating description of human memory as a kludge produced by random evolution. This explains why our memory has so many faults. It explains less why it is so good. If computer memory is the goal of a perfect evolution then why autistic people that have almost computerlike memory are so unfit to social life? But this doesn’t mean that memory isn’t a kludge , it is a wonderful kludge but we know still very little about it. If we knew better we would try to exploit this kludginess to our benefit. The most deceiving part of Marcus Gary’s book is the list of advices to help us cope with our mind kludge. I am a programmer and I live of kludges. Most of the programs to which I contribute are full of kludges. And I know that the best way to profit from a kludge is with a cleverer kludge. These are missing in Gary Marcus book probably because right now we don’t know enough well the divine hack (this is how we programmer call the ultimate kludge) that is behind our mind. [Added November 1997] I have read the book Born in a blue day by # Daniel Tammet. Daniel Tammet has a mild form of autism called Asperger’s syndrome and reports in this extraordinary book how he was able to memorise in a few weeks the first 22,000 digits of pi and then recall them in around 5 hours before a jury that checked the correctness of each digit. As with Luria’s mnemonist the secret seems to be synaesthesia. Daniel sees each digit as a distinct pattern : for example the 9 is blue and tall. To him a string of 10 random digits is like a landscape. In the book he makes some sample drawing of this peculiar landscape that he sees in the mind. What he has done is to build little by little a huge landscape in his mind representing all the 22,000 digits of pi. In the day of the recall he had only to concentrate himself on the features of this extraordinary mental painting extracting one by one all the pi digits. Hac - Alim Şentürk - alimsenturk.com.tr Hac - Alim Şentürk - alimsenturk.com.tr O Diário de um Mago Yazar: Paulo Coelho Türkçesi: Celal Üster Yayınevi: Can Yayınları Tür: Roman Sayfa: 216 ISBN: 975-07-0650-1 -------------------------- "Ya Rab, işte burada iki kılıç var" dediler. O da onlara, "Yeter!" dedi. Kitabı Mukaddes, Yeni Ahit, Luka, XXII:38. SEÇİLMİŞ YAZILAR İslamiyet, Hz. Muhammed'in Mekke'den Medine'ye göç edişi gibi, tüm inananların ömürlerinde 1/7 Hac - Alim Şentürk - alimsenturk.com.tr en az bir kez Kabe'yi ziyaret etmelerini gerektirir ya, Hıristiyanlar da birinci binyılda üç yolu kutsal sayıyordu. Bu yolları aşanların kutsandığına ve günahlarının bağışlandığına inanılıyordu. Birinci yol, Aziz Petrus'un Roma'daki mezarına giden yoldu; bu yola gidenlere Gezginler deniyordu ve bunlar haçı simgeleri kabul ediyorlardı. İkinci yol, Hz. İsa'nın Kudüs'teki Kutsal Kabrine giden yoldu; bu yola gidenler, Hz. İsa Kudüs'e girdiğinde palmiye dallarıyla karşılandığından palmiye dallarını simgeleri sayarlardı; o yüzden onlara Palmistler denmişti. Bir de, Havari San Tiago'nun -İngilizce'de Saint James, Fransızca'da Jacques, İtalyanca'da Giacomo, Latince'de Jacob- mezarına giden üçüncü bir yol vardı. San Tiago, İber Yarımadası'nda, bir çobanın bir gece bir tarlanın üstünde parlak bir yıldız gördüğü yere gömülmüştü. Söylenceye göre, yalnızca San Tiago değil, Hz. İsa'nın ölümünden hemen sonra Bakire Meryem de oraya gitmiş, İncil'in müjdesini taşıyarak insanlara din değiştirmeyi öğütlemişti. Gel zaman git zaman Compostela -yıldız tarlası- adı verilen bu yerde kurulan kenti Hıristiyan dünyasının dört bir yanından insanlar ziyaret etmeye başlamışlardı. Hacı denen bu ziyaretçilerin simgesi denizkabuğuydu. Bir dağın yüksek olup olmadığını anlaman için o dağa tırmanman gerekmez. Gemi limanda güvendedir, ama gemiler limanda beklemeleri için yapılmaz. Bilgeliğin gerçek yolu üç şeyle tanımlanabilir. Birincisi sevgiyi içermeli; ikincisi, hayatına uygulanabilmeli. Yoksa bilgelik, hiç kullanılmayan bir kılıç gibi paslanıp işe yaramaz hale gelebilir. Son olarak da herkesin izleyebileceği bir yol olmalı. Bir hedefe doğru ilerlerken yola dikkat etmek çok önemlidir. Hedefe nasıl varılacağını bize en iyi yol öğretir, yol yüründükçe bizi zenginleştirir. Hazinen her neredeyse yüreğin de orada olacak. Hz. İsa Hayeller ruhun besinidir, tıpkı yemeğin bedeni beslediği gibi. Ama dünyayı kurtarmaya çalışmak boşunaydı: Daha kendimi bile kurtaramamıştım. 2/7 Hac - Alim Şentürk - alimsenturk.com.tr İnsan kendini söylediklerinin doğru olduğuna inandırmak istediğinde birisiyle konuşmak çok işe yarar. Yunanca'da sevgi anlamına gelen üç sözcük vardır. Eros, Philos, Agape. Eros hoşlanmaktır. Philos; gönül dostluğuna dönüşen sevgidir. Eros'un ateşi söndüğünde çiftleri Philos bir arada tutar. Agape, yakıp kül eden aşktır. Ölüm bizi hiç yalnız bırakmaz, hayatımıza gerçek anlamını veren ölümdür. Çakılacak çiviler olmasaydı çekicin bu dünyada hiçbir anlamı kalmazdı. Doğru kararı vermenin tek yolu yanlış kararın ne olduğunu bilmektir. Kılıç yalnızca darbeyi indirir, o kadar; oysa el, daha darbe inmeden, üstün gelir ya da yenik düşer. Her şey seslerdedir - geçmiş, şimdi, gelecek. Dinlemesini bilmeyen insan, hayatın bize her zaman sunduğu öğüdü asla duymaz. Yanlış yanıt doğrusuna götürür. Kendilerini akıllı sanan insanlar çoğu zaman emir vermek gerektiğinde kararsızlık gösterir, itaat etmeleri istendiğinde de isyan ederler. Emir vermekten utanır, emir almayı da onursuzluk sayarlar. Tapınak Şövalyeleri Şapellerini yaparken, Hz. Süleyman'ın Yahudi tapınaklarının yuvarlak kubbelerini, Arap camilerinin sekizgen duvarlarını ve Hıristiyan kiliselerinin orta neflerini örnek almışlardı. 3/7 Hac - Alim Şentürk - alimsenturk.com.tr Ruh sağlamlığının R'si, aşkla tapınmanın A'sı, merhametin M'si. regnum'un R'si, agnum'un A'sı, mundi'nin M'si. regnum: Krallık, hükümdarlık, egemenlik. Tanrı'nın krallığı anlamında. agnum: Kuzu. Hz. İsa'nın simgesi anlamında. mundi: Evrenler, dünyalar ya da insanlık, beşeriyet. Kılıcın uzun süre kınında kalmasın ki, paslanmasın. Ve kılıcını çektiğinde, bir iyilik yapmadan, yeni bir yol açmadan ya da bir düşmanın kanını tadmadan asla kınına girmesin. Salve Regina: Hz. Meryem için ilahi biçiminde okunan bir dua. Karma: Hint felsefesinde bir bireyin geçmiş eylemlerinin, gelecek hayatları ya da yeniden doğuşları üerindeki etkisi. Karma öğretisi, herkesin şimdiki hayatının bir hayatlar zincirinin yalnızca bir halkası olduğu ve önceki hayatlarındaki eylemlerce belirlendiği biçimindeki Hindu inancını yansıtır. El Cid: Kastilyalı komutan ve ulusal kahraman. 11. yüzyılda yaşamıştır. İspanya Arapçası, "seyyid", "seçkin" anlamına gelen es-sid'dir. Pontius Pilatus, İmparator Tiberius döneminde Yahuda valisiydi (İS 26-36). Hz. İsa'yı yargılayan mahkemeye başkanlık etmiş ve çarmıha gerilmesi emrini vermiştir. Barabbas: Yeni Ahit'te yer alan Markos İncil'inde, halkı memnun etmek isteyen Yahuda Valisi Pontius Pilatus'un, tutuklulardan Barabbas'ı salıverdiği, İsa'yı da çarmıha gerilmek üzere askerlere teslim ettiği anlatılır. Mercurius: Roma dininde ticaret tanrısı, ama genellikle Eski Yunan tanrısı Hermes'le özdeşleştirilmiş ve kanatlı sandallarla ya da kanatlı bir başlıkla ve yılan sarılı bir değnek taşırken resmedilmiştir. 4/7 Hac - Alim Şentürk - alimsenturk.com.tr Eski Yunan tanrısı Hermes'ten, Homeros'un Odysseia'sında tanrıların habercisi ve ölüleri Hades'e götüren yol göstericisi olarak söz edilir. Haberci olarak Hermes, yolların ve kent kapılarının da koruyucusuydu. "Hermes Trismegistos", "Üç kez Yüce Hermes" anlamına gelir. Kutsal Yürek: Katolik ibadetinde kutsal sayılan Hz. İsa'nın yüreği. Kilise yaşamında yüceltilen Kutsal Yürek imgesi, çoğunlukla çevresinde dikenli bir taç bulunan ve ışık saçan yaralı bir yürek biçiminde betimlenir. Pentekost Günü: Paskalya'dan elli gün sonraki pazar günü kutlanan büyük Hıristiyan
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those devices usually consist of a thin film of organic emissive material (based on conjugated polymers or small molecules) introduced between two electrodes, with at least one being semitransparent. The whole device is typically deposited onto a glass substrate as shown in Fig. 1(a). Additional hole and electron transport layers (HTL and ETL, respectively) may be incorporated within the stack to efficiently transport the injected charge carriers to the emitting layer and avoid charge accumulations, while hole and electron blocking layers can be used to prevent non-radiative recombination at the counter electrode (in the stack depicted, BPhen is used for both purposes but will be referred to as the ETL layer for the sake of simplicity). One important quantity to assess the performance of OLEDs is the external quantum efficiency (). It is defined as the ratio of the total number of photons emitted out of the device to the number of electrons injected into the emitter, and can be expressed as follows:1 in which case nonradiative processes can be neglected, usually stands well below 100% and, therefore, strongly limits the performances of OLEDs. This can be attributed to the different optical loss channels in the device responsible for the reduced fraction of generated light emitted into air, which can typically reach values of only 20% without suitable photon management approaches. In order to address this point, different concepts have to be invoked for the two main regions in the OLED. The first one is the substrate. In this homogeneous and optically thick medium (the substrate thickness is in the mm range), the light can be considered as incoherent and the optical effects described on the basis of geometrical or ray optics due to the dimensions involved. The corresponding loss channel results from the refractive index mismatch between the substrate ( for glass) and the external medium (air, ) leading to a limited light escape cone. The light impinging on the substrate/air planar interface with an angle larger than the critical angle is subject to total internal reflection (TIR). It is then guided in the so-called substrate modes, damped due to the limited reflectivity of the underlying stack, and can escape through the edges of the device. The second region is formed by the other layers whose thicknesses are comparable or below the wavelength of the emitted photons. As such, wave optics is needed to describe the different coupling schemes taking place in those thin layers. One major optical loss channel is related to waveguide modes propagating within the organic layers and transparent electrodes whose total thickness is of few hundreds of nanometers only. This occurs because the refractive index of those layers (typically ranging from 1.7 to 2.12) is significantly higher than those of the substrate and of the cathode for a large spectral range. Consequently, the OLED stack forms a slab waveguide. The confined light can be parasitically absorbed in the different thin layers or can leak through the edges of the OLED. In addition, emitters located at the vicinity of the metallic cathode (few tens of nanometers from it) can either dissipate their power through ohmic losses by dipolar near-field coupling or via the coupling to surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs).3 The above-mentioned optical channels are shown in Fig. 1(a) and illustrated in the dispersion diagram of Fig. 1(b). The rigorous computation of the fraction of light confined in the OLED stack under the form of substrate, waveguide, or SPP modes is not straightforward since microcavity effects have to be taken into account. This impacts not only the power injected into the different loss channels but also the spontaneous exciton decay rate which directly depends on its optical environment via the Purcell effect.3,5,6 In addition, a proper analysis of the device requires the determination of the emitters’ orientation together with their distribution profile within the active layer.78.9.–10 As an illustration of the previous discussion, we simulated the yellow planar OLED reported in Fig. 1(a) [using the poly(para-phenylene vinylene) (PPV)-based polymer PDY-132 (“Super Yellow”), from Merck KGaA] at the peak emission wavelength (550 nm) and checked the results with the software “Setfos” from “Fluxim AG.”11 An internal quantum efficiency of 100% was assumed, and the emitting layer was considered as nonabsorbing. In this example, the dipoles were located at the center of the thin emitting layer. In the case of a parallel dipole moment orientation [i.e., in the () plane], which is relevant for thin films made of conjugated polymers,7,12 Fig. 2(a) shows that only around 34% of the generated light is emitted into air. Indeed, a significant part of the dissipated power is lost due to the coupling to substrate modes (28%), and to a lesser extent to waveguide and evanescent coupled (SPP) modes. The analysis of Fig. 2(b) enables the identification of one waveguide mode and a SPP mode for a normalized in-plane wave vector above 1. In order to test the influence of the dipole moment orientation, an additional power dissipation spectrum was added to Fig. 2(b). It corresponds to a perpendicular orientation of the radiative dipole. A noticeable difference is the sharp increase of the dissipated power related to the coupling with the SPP mode which prevents the light from escaping the OLED stack. Indeed, unlike horizontal dipoles, vertical ones can strongly couple to SPP modes, favoring this loss channel which is then predominant.9 It should be noted that in the present example, the dipoles-to-cathode distance is 70 nm, which makes the coupling to evanescent modes particularly detrimental. From Fig. 2, it can be inferred that specific photonic strategies have to be implemented to overcome the optical losses encountered in OLEDs. Moreover, a good knowledge of the system considered is necessary to identify the main loss channels and design adapted outcoupling solutions. A straightforward way to address those issues consists in optimizing the thickness of the different layers involved. For example, the losses induced by the coupling to SPP modes can be minimized by increasing the spacing between the emitters and the cathode, for instance by using a thicker ETL which acts as an optical spacer. In fact, Fig. 3 shows that increasing the ETL thickness leads to an enhanced outcoupling efficiency—but at the same time, the excitation of substrate guided modes increases, too. This underlines the need for simultaneously tackling the losses occurring within the thin films stack (to ameliorate the so-called “internal outcoupling”), and in the substrate (improvement of the “external outcoupling”). Beyond those simple design rules, which have the advantage of leaving the global design of the OLED unchanged, more advanced concepts can be exploited by using periodically arranged or disordered micro- and nanostructures at the different levels of the devices. This ongoing topic has already created a rich pool of numerical and experimental studies covered in several reviews.13184.108.40.206.18.–19 In the present paper, we introduce more specifically the main advances obtained within our research group over the last years, by first focusing on the extraction of substrate modes, and then on the outcoupling of internal modes. This latter aspect will be discussed by separating the cases of micro- or nano-based structures, and of periodic or stochastic configurations. The objective is to highlight relevant and upscalable strategies which can increase the fraction of outcoupled light while maintaining satisfying light output pattern and electrical characteristics of the bottom-emitting OLEDs considered. Focus will be given to solution-processed devices. Although their performance usually stands below that of their vacuum-deposited counterparts, which necessitates approaches to fabricate solution-processed multilayers,20 they nonetheless open the way for cheap and large-area compatible fabrication processes that can utilize the printing industry facilities.21 Improvement of the External Outcoupling Through the Introduction of Microlens Arrays As discussed in Sec. 1, substrate modes retain a significant part of the generated light, with around 28% of the dissipated power in the example of Fig. 2(a) (parallel dipoles). Among the methods employed to cope with this issue, one can mention, e.g., a simple and cost-effective solution based on the roughening of the substrate surface by sandblasting, or the deposition of a scattering layer on top of the substrate, for instance using nanoparticles/polymer host systems or flexible layers made of porous polymers.14,22 The main drawback of those techniques is that a fraction of the light impinging on the modified surface is redirected toward the thin film stack and experiences losses through the channels already described. In the framework of the studies which advocate the use of cheap and easily up-scalable cellulose-based scattering layers, this issue was recently circumvented by controlling the amount of volume scattering. This is realized by a proper infiltration of the microcavities, e.g., with nanocellulose fibers,23 or with a plastic layer which additionally improves the layers’ durability.24 An alternative approach for extracting substrate modes consists of introducing a microlens array (abbreviated “MLA” in the following), usually based on hemispheres, which enables to outcouple most of the light after the first interaction and to ensure a Lambertian emission, as is usually desired for applications. This method inspired by the work of Madigan et al.,25 and further developed by different research groups in the early 2000s,2627.–28 is nevertheless hindered by the complexity of its implementation. For this reason, a versatile, reproducible, and upscalable fabrication process was proposed by Bocksrocker et al.2 and is presented below. As shown in Fig. 4, the fabrication sequence can be summarized by two main steps, that is, the creation of a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp incorporating the desired features of the MLA (diameter, aspect ratio, and periodicity), and the transfer of this pattern into a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) layer deposited on the substrate. It should be noted that due to the chemical and mechanical stability of the PDMS stamp, the latter can be cleaned and reused afterwards. Microlenses with diameters of 10, 20, and (almost equal to the periodicity of the array) and with an aspect ratio of 1 (hemispheres) were fabricated according to this process. The resulting MLAs have a typical transmission above 80% between 400 and 800 nm. Furthermore, their haze factor in transmission, defined as the ratio of the nonspecularly transmitted light to the overall transmitted light, reaches more than 70% regardless of the diameter considered. Thus, MLAs can help diffusing angular and, to a certain extent, spatial inhomogeneities of the emission. However, in case of a large variation in the local brightness, as the one introduced by shadowing metal grids used for charge carrier transport, more advanced concepts are required to obtain a spatially homogeneous emission.30 In order to test their potential for external outcoupling, those MLAs were integrated in white OLEDs (WOLEDs) by using a single layer of the white-emitting co-polymer SPW087 by Merck KGaA, and the measured efficiencies (defined in terms of luminous flux normalized to the electrical power consumption) were compared with the ones obtained without the MLA on the same devices.29 The results shown in Fig. 5 demonstrate that an efficiency enhancement of around 50% is achieved compared to a reference device which exhibits a luminous efficacy of . In addition, the diameter of the microlenses has only a weak influence on the enhancement factor, an observation which is corroborated by other studies.26 It can be added here that most of the light outcoupling was found to occur after the first interaction with the MLA. Lastly, the MLA did not affect the spectral and angular emission characteristics of the WOLEDs investigated. To summarize, the fabrication process presented above enables production of high-quality MLAs on large areas to efficiently extract substrate modes. It can be directly adapted and extended to flexible substrates such as the ones based on polyethylene terephthalate.31 In addition to the periodical array of identical microlenses, disordered configurations (in both the position and size distribution of the lenses) have been recently proposed. For example, such ensembles were obtained spontaneously using a phase separation technique,32 or almost autonomously via the so-called “microbial approach.”33 Their integrated enhancement could not overcome that obtained with regular MLA, but adding disorder enabled improving the uniformity of the luminance angular distribution while suppressing spectral distortion. Lastly, in their recent work, Kim et al.34 combined all the previously mentioned attributes (patterning on a flexible polyethylene naphthalate substrate, cost-effective fabrication process based on the self-assembly of microparticles, patterning of irregular MLA) and enhanced the MLA properties by incorporating nanoparticles. Due to the improved light extraction thanks to the nanoparticles scattering, the maximum power efficiency increased from (irregular MLA) to (irregular MLA including nanoparticles). In addition, the authors demonstrated that the nanoparticles block the penetration of oxygen and water vapor molecules into the organic layers, so that this approach also helps in improving the stability of the devices. Improvement of the Internal Outcoupling Unlike the MLA approach discussed in Sec. 2, micro- and nanostructures aimed at increasing the internal outcoupling are much more challenging to design since they are directly implemented within the thin film stack and as such can potentially degrade the electrical characteristics of the device. In the following, we report on different configurations which address those two aspects, namely improved internal outcoupling properties and an almost unaffected (or even ameliorated) electrical behavior. As will be discussed, they can be introduced in association with MLA to further enhance the light extraction of the OLED. Optimization of the Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Planar Stack As was exemplified in Fig. 3, the outcoupling efficiency strongly depends on the OLED layers’ thicknesses in a planar architecture. The optical optimization of such a stack can be carried out by simulations, yet the proper modeling of the device requires a good knowledge of the optical indices employed (including their anisotropy7), as well as of the emitters’ orientation and distribution profile. Alternatively, an empirical optimization can be undertaken by producing several samples with diverse thicknesses. However, this method is demanding in terms of time and materials consumption. Moreover, the batch-to-batch variability may complicate the analysis of the results, which calls for a simplified single-step approach. This can be easily realized using the horizontal dipping (“H-dipping”) technique, regardless of the emitter type considered.35 For the sake of demonstration, H-dipping was exploited to steadily increase the emissive layer thickness from 10 to 120 nm over a multiactive areas device.36 This thickness gradient was directly obtained by continuously increasing the velocity of the coating bar during deposition. Using this one-pass process, a wedge-shaped device was fabricated, and the opto-electrical characteristics of the OLEDs were analyzed as a function of the active layer thickness. This methodology can be generalized to any layer, e.g., to the hole injection one (see Fig. 6). By varying its corresponding thickness, the cavity effect can be optimized in a similar way. However, the device efficiency gain may be limited by an increased amount of parasitic absorption, eventually combined with a degradation of the charge transport. To go further, the H-dipping approach can be modified for the incorporation of advanced materials that feature low absorption and improved electrical properties and that can still be easily wet-processed. Such a material was recently fabricated by making a composite layer consisting of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and silica nanoparticles, as shown in Fig. 6(c).37 Owing to the small nanoparticles’ diameter (only around 7 nm), the modified hole injection layer possessed a haze factor below 1%, and the optical properties of the weak microcavity could be adjusted without introducing any scattering effects or parasitic absorption. The composite layer thickness was then varied between 50 and 400 nm. A luminous efficacy increase of up to 85% was measured for a layer thickness of 100 nm with respect to a 20-nm thick PEDOT:PSS-based reference device. This enhancement was related to a more favorable cavity configuration (improved coupling to the radiation modes), and on the electrical side, to a better hole vertical transport and injection following the inclusion of the nanoparticles network. The latter aspect was also highlighted in a similar OLED stack but featuring (20 to 30 nm in diameter) and (20 to 130 nm in diameter) nanoparticles clustered between the emitting layer and the cathode.38 In this configuration, an electroluminescence efficiency increase of up to 300% was measured by using a nanoparticle-free device as a reference. This was not attributed to an optical (scattering) effect. Instead, the enhancement was found to originate from an improved due to the nanoparticles covering the cathode surface. Indeed, this partial coverage was believed to enhance the fields locally, leading to a better electron injection and, therefore, to an ameliorated charge balance. Thus, nanoparticles-based composite layers can be used as multifunctional elements that simultaneously act as an optical spacer for optimizing cavity effects and improve the interfacial properties of planar OLEDs. Micrometer Scale Corrugations for Waveguide Modes Outcoupling As discussed in Sec. 1, the anode and organic layers sandwiched between the substrate and the metallic cathode form a slab waveguide. Therefore, a significant part of the dissipated power is injected into the waveguide modes. In order to limit this effect, a micron-scale optical perturbation of the anode can be exploited. Thus, micropatterned indium-tin oxide (ITO)
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袁世凯的卖国21条的内容,因何要签订?_21条不平等条约 冰火战姬无限内购版 三国的后裔无限金币版 狐天情缘红包版 گزارش هواشناسی فعلا هوا خوب است اما آخر هفته بارانی به گزارش فاما كیش سازمان هواشناسی اعلام نمود: روز سه شنبه تا ظهر چهارشنبه جوی آرام در غالب مناطق كشور خواهیم داشت. به گزارش فاما كیش به نقل از خبر آنلاین بر مبنای پیشبینی های كلی سازمان هواشناسی، طی ۲۴ ساعت آینده در استان های سیستان و بلوچستان، جنوب كرمان و شرق هرمزگان، رگبار و رعد و برق و وزش باد شدید موقت و در استان های كردستان، كرمانشاه و جنوب آذربایجان غربی، بارش پراكنده پیشبینی می شود. بر طبق این گزارش، روز سه شنبه تا ظهر چهارشنبه، جوی آرام در غالب مناطق كشور خواهیم داشت. بعدازظهر چهارشنبه سامانه بارشی از غرب وارد كشور شده و در استان های واقع در شمال غرب، غرب، برخی نقاط جنوب غرب و استان های واقع در دامنه های زاگرس و البرز مركزی، سبب بارش برف و باران و وزش باد شدید موقت و در مناطق جنوبی، سبب بارش باران، گاهی رعد و برق خواهد شد. روز پنجشنبه در غالب مناطق كشور به جز مركز و جنوب غرب، بارش ها ادامه خواهد داشت كه روز جمعه بارش ها در جنوب و جنوب شرق كشور تشدید می شود. همینطور در سواحل دریای خزر، شمال غرب و بخش هایی از استان های كرمانشاه و كردستان، بارش پراكنده باران و برف رخ خواهد داد؛ طی دو روز آینده خلیج فارس و غرب تنگه هرمز مواج است. بر مبنای نقشه های سازمان هواشناسی، آسمان كرمان فردا صاف تا كمی ابری، گاهی وزش باد پیشبینی می شود و بیشترین دما در این شهر ۹ درجه و كمترین دما ۲- درجه سانتیگراد خواهد بود. هوای تهران امروز صاف است كه در ساعات پایانی به تدریج شاهد غبار محلی خواهیم بود. آسمان تهران فردا هم صاف است. بیشترین دما در تهران ۹ درجه و كمترین دما ۲- درجه سانتیگراد خواهد بود. این مطلب فاما کیش را پسندیدید؟ (1) (0) تازه ترین مطالب مرتبط نظرات بینندگان در مورد این مطلب مشاوره ازدواج با ترنس تلفنی و آیا امکان ازدواج با ترنس وجود دارد؟ و ازدواج با یک فرد ترنس قبل از جراحی برای افرادی اعمال می شود که جنسیت آنها با جنسیت تولد آنها مطابقت ندارد. مثلاً ممکن است فردی با اعضای بدن مرد به دنیا بیاید، اما خود را زن بداند، یعنی رفتار و ظاهری زنانه داشته باشد و به دلیل شرایطش به رفتار زنانه علاقه مند باشد. . . . مشاوره ازدواج با ترنس تلفنی به عبارت دیگر، او مانند یک زن مردانه لباس می پوشد و رفتار می کند یا برعکس. آیا ترنس ها از نارسایی جنسیتی رنج می برند؟ تراجنسیتی بودن لزوماً سکسی نیست. تنش جنسیتی استرس عاطفی و اضطراب ناشی از ندانستن جنسیت و بدن یک فرد ترنس است. او یک بار به عنوان آگنوستیک جنسیت توصیف شد. سرانجام در سال 2013 پنجمین DSM منتشر شد و تغییرات قابل توجهی در آن ایجاد شد. این تجدید نظر شامل یک تغییر مهم بود: اصطلاح “هویت جنسیتی” به طور کامل حذف شد و با عبارت “اختلال عملکرد جنسیتی” جایگزین شد. این یک قدم مهم برای افراد ترنس است که می خواهند از انگ و دروغ رهایی یابند. چه چیزی باعث ترغیب برخی افراد به ترنسجندر شدن می شود؟ هنوز دلیل یا دلیل قطعی وجود ندارد، اما تحقیقات نشان میدهد که ژنتیک، هورمونها و رویدادهای دوران کودکی، نوجوانی و بزرگسالی در تغییر جنسیت نقش دارند. تفاوت بین جنسیت و اشتیاق چیست؟ جنسیت به احساسات در مورد جنسیت شما و اینکه چه کسی هستید اشاره دارد. به عنوان مثال، ممکن است شما یک پسر داشته باشید، اما در درون خود احساس یک زن داشته باشید، یا برعکس، شاید همجنس گرایی به معنای یک همجنس گرا، همجنس گرا یا دوجنسه بودن باشد که بسیار است. تنوع و جنسیت علائم اختلال عملکرد جنسی چه زمانی ظاهر می شود؟ این علائم می تواند در نوزادان و کودکان خردسال ظاهر شود. علائم تغییر جنسیت به راحتی قابل مشاهده نیست. تراجنسیتی ها از سنین جوانی تفاوت بین شخصیت خود و احساسات و رفتارهای متفاوتشان را درک می کنند. باورهای غلط در مورد افراد تراجنسیتی افراد تراجنسیتی به دلیل اختلالات هیپوتالاموس جذب اعضای جنس مخالف می شوند. به همین دلیل است که دیگران بر این باورند که یک ترنس همجنس گرا است. در عین حال، افراد ترنس دارای انحرافات جنسی یا اختلالات جنسی نیستند. چگونه بفهمم شخصی که دوستش دارم ترنسجندر است؟ برخی از افراد از روی ظاهر خود می توانند تشخیص دهند که همجنسگرا هستند. برای مثال، مردان ترنسی که بدن مردانه دارند اما آرایش میکنند، لباس زنانه میپوشند و به شیوهای زنانه رفتار میکنند و صحبت میکنند، تراجنسیتی هستند. درست مانند زنان ترنس که بدنشان زنانه و لاغر است اما رفتار، پوشش و گفتارشان مردانه است، ترنس هستند. برخی از تراجنسیتی ها ظاهر خود را با توجه به جنسیتی که با آن متولد شده اند حفظ کرده اند. اما اگر با این افراد صحبت کنید، متوجه می شوید که در مورد جنسیتی که فکر می کنند با آن متولد شده اند صحبت می کنند. این یکسان نیست. آنها همچنین ممکن است متفاوت از آنچه به نظر می رسند رفتار، رفتار و صحبت کنند. مشاوره آنلاین در مورد ازدواج ترنس با یک نفر آشنا شدم و فهمیدم ترنس است. باید چکار کنم؟ ممکن است بر اساس ظاهر یا صحبتهای دیگران ندانید که آنها همجنسگرا هستند، اما زمانی که با او وقت بگذرانید و بهتر با آنها آشنا شوید، متوجه میشوید که عاشق افراد ترنس شدهاید. . . . . امکان دارد از این موضوع تعجب کنید و انواع افکار و فرضیات منفی به ذهن شما خطور کند. ممکن است از خود بپرسید که اکنون چه باید بکنید. چگونه به خانواده خود بگویید؟ با این مرد ازدواج می کنی؟ آیا شک دارید که آیا باید با این شخص رابطه داشته باشید؟ ترنس چیست و چه علائمی دارد؟ در این مورد، بهتر است چند روز به خود فرصت دهید تا در مورد آن فکر کنید. و در مورد افراد تراجنسیتی بیشتر بدانید. او را قضاوت نکنید و به خطر فکر نکنید. چند روزی را به این فکر کنید که چگونه افراد ترنس را بشناسید و از آنها حمایت کنید تا بتوانید ارتباط موثری برقرار کنید. همچنین می توانید این موضوع را با یک مشاور در میان بگذارید. تصور نکنید که افکار و احساسات او موقتی هستند یا می توانید نظر او را تغییر دهید. بنابراین اگر فکر می کنید ممکن است تراجنسی بودن شخص دیگری در مورد آن باشد مشاوره ازدواج ترنس 24 ساعته اگر تصمیم به ادامه رابطه داشته باشید، بعد چه می کنید؟ وقتی تصمیم عاقلانه ای می گیرید که با شریک ترنس خود صحبت کنید، باید برای رویارویی و غلبه بر چالش ها و مشکلات آماده باشید. مشکلات چیست؟ احتمالاً با مخالفت های زیادی از سوی خانواده خود مواجه خواهید شد زیرا آنها باور ندارند که شما در یک رابطه هستید یا می خواهید با یک فرد تراجنسیتی ازدواج کنید. متأسفانه بسیاری از افراد جامعه ناآگاهانه بر این باورند که ترنس ها غیرطبیعی یا بیمار هستند و به همین دلیل اجازه نمی دهند فرزندانشان با ترنس ها معاشرت کنند. اگر دوستانتان متوجه شوند که شما با یک فرد تراجنسیتی در ارتباط هستید، ممکن است تعدادی از دوستانتان را از دست بدهید. همکار محبوب شما در خطر از دست دادن شغل، جامعه، دوستان و خانواده خود است. به همین دلیل او به حمایت روحی و روانی زیادی از شما نیاز دارد. بسیاری از افراد ترنس از افسردگی و حتی افسردگی رنج می برند. چگونه می توانم از شریک سفید پوست خود حمایت کنم؟ همانطور که قبلاً توضیح دادیم، افراد تراجنسیتی به حمایت بیشتری از جانب عزیزان خود نیاز دارند، زیرا دیگران درک کمتری دارند و با مشکلات اجتماعی روبرو هستند. برای ایجاد و حفظ یک رابطه سالم با شریک ترنس خود، این دستورالعمل ها را دنبال کنید: مشاوره تلفنی انحرافات جنسیتی در مورد موضوع بیشتر بخوانید در مورد افراد تراجنسیتی، احساسات، نیازها، خواسته ها و عواطف آنها از یک منبع قابل اعتماد بیشتر بخوانید تا به شما در درک بهتر شریک زندگی خود کمک کند. با او در مورد نحوه کارش صحبت کنید با شریک زندگی خود در مورد آنچه در مورد شما و تمایلات جنسی شما فکر می کند صحبت کنید. شما چگونه صدایش میزنید؟ با دقت گوش کنید و سعی کنید بفهمید. توهین یا بی احترامی به احساساتشان به شدت به عزت نفس آنها لطمه می زند. از شریک زندگی خود بپرسید که چه کاری می توانید انجام دهید تا به او و علایق و ناخوشایندهایش احترام بگذارید. او با یک روانشناس ترنس مشاور ازدواج کرده است. از او بپرسید که چه می خواهد به او کار ندهید، او را کنترل نکنید. اگر فقط می خواهد به دکتر برود و درخواست تغییر جنسیت کند، او را مجبور نکنید که برود. او زندگی خود را تعیین کرده است. اگر بیش از حد به او کمک کنید و در برابر او مقاومت کنید، او را ناراحت و گناهکار خواهید کرد. مشاوره در مورد جراحی واژن ارتباطات عاطفی باید ایجاد و ایجاد شود. کاری کنید که او با شما احساس راحتی کند به مرد دوست داشتنی خود نشان دهید که افکار و احساسات او را قضاوت نمی کنید و به نظر نمی رسد که یک خائن یا یک مسخره اجتماعی هستید. به او نشان دهید که او را درک می کنید و پناه او هستید. اگر چنین است، او به سمت شما کشیده می شود زیرا احساس می کند که فردی خارج از کلاس برای قضاوت و ارزیابی دائمی او را دوست دارد و از او حمایت می کند. اجازه ندهید وضعیت تراجنسیتی شما بر روابط شما تأثیر منفی بگذارد. مهمترین چیز در یک رابطه نحوه رفتار شما با یکدیگر است. اگر همدیگر را دوست دارید، اگر می توانید همدیگر را درک کنید، اگر هیچ تفاوت اساسی با هم ندارید، اگر همدیگر را درک می کنید و رابطه خوبی با هم دارید، پس فرقی نمی کند که شریک زندگی شما ترنس سکسوال باشد. اجازه ندهید این موضوع بر روابط شما تأثیر منفی بگذارد. روی جنبه های مهم رابطه تمرکز کنید. آیا ترنس ها می توانند ازدواج کنند؟ افراد تراجنسیتی با افراد همجنس رابطه برقرار می کنند. برای مثال، زنان ترنس با ظاهر و رفتار مردانه بیشتر با زنان قرار می گیرند، در حالی که مردان ترنس با ظاهر و رفتار زنانه بیشتر با مردان قرار می گیرند. همانطور که می دانیم زوج های همجنس نمی توانند ازدواج کنند. بنابراین، یک فرد تراجنسیتی برای انجام عمل جراحی تغییر جنسیت و گرفتن شناسنامه جدید برای ازدواج با شریک صمیمی خود باید ازدواج کند. Üzerinde yayınlanan: Kampanyasına göre, Perşembe günü New York valisi adaylığı için yaptığı konuşmada bir adam sahneye tırmandı ve Kongre Üyesi Lee Zeldin’i bıçaklamaya çalıştı, ancak adayın zarar görmediğini söyledi. Görgü tanıkları tarafından sosyal medyada yayınlanan video görüntüleri, siyah beyzbol şapkası takan kimliği belirsiz bir adamın, New York’un yukarısındaki bir mitingde sahnenin yanından Zeldin’e sivri uçlu bir silah veya bir tür aletle hızla yaklaştığını gösterdi. Zeldin’in kolunu Cumhuriyetçi adayın yüzüne veya boynuna doğru uzatırken defalarca “işiniz bitti” dediği duyulan adam. Birkaç kişi şüpheliyi bastırmaya çalışırken, her iki adam da yere düşmeden önce Zeldin onu itti. Zeldin’in kampanyasının sözcüsü Katie Vincentz, Twitter’da şüphelinin kongre üyesini bıçaklamaya çalıştığını söyledi. Vincentz, Zeldin ve ekibinin üyelerinin zarar görmediğini söyledi. Vincentz, “Zeldin, saldırganı yere indirmek için başkaları yardım edene kadar saldırganı durdurmak için saldırganın bileğini tuttu. Kolluk kuvvetleri adamı gözaltına aldı,” dedi. Bu gece ROC’nin dışında bir adam sahneye tırmandı ve bıçaklamaya çalıştı @LeeZeldin kampanya destekçilerinin önünde bir miting konuşması sırasında. Zeldin, diğerleri saldırganı yere indirmeye yardım edene kadar onu durdurmak için saldırganın bileğini tuttu. Polis, şahsı gözaltına aldı. — Katie Vincentz (@katievincentz) 22 Temmuz 2022 Zeldin’in olayın ardından konuşmasını bitirdiğini ve saldırıya müdahale eden kolluk kuvvetlerine teşekkür ettiğini söyledi. Olayla ilgili yorum yapmak için yerel polise hemen ulaşılamadı. Demokrat ve Zeldin’in yarıştaki rakibi olan görevdeki New York Valisi Kathy Hochul, Twitter’da “Kongre Üyesi Zeldin’in yaralanmadığını ve şüphelinin gözaltında olduğunu duymak beni rahatlattı” dedi. Hochul, “Bu şiddet içeren davranışı mümkün olan en güçlü şekilde kınıyorum – bunun New York’ta yeri yok” dedi. (REUTERS) صندوق حمایت از پژوهشگران معاونت علمی ریاست جمهوری به عنوان یک صندوق حامی تحقیقات دانشگاهی نقش مهم و تاثیر گذاری در توسعه اقتصاد دانش بنیان دارد که مغفول مانده است. به گزارش خبرنگار مهر ، با توجه به نیاز کشور به توسعه اقتصادی در کنار مشکلات تحریمی که بر سر راه صادرات نفتی وجود دارد، نقش اقتصاد دانش بنیان از همیشه پررنگ تر است. مهم ترین بازیگران این اقتصاد، فناوران و پژوهشگرانی هستند که با طرح های تحقیقاتی به توسعه اقتصاد دانش بنیان کمک می کنند. این طرح های پژوهشی و تحقیقات دانشگاهی می توانند به توسعه محصول شرکت های دانش بنیان کمک کنند و حتی اگر دارای شرایط خاصی باشند، می توانند باعث ایجاد یک شرکت دانش بنیان نیز باشند. اما صندوق حمایت از پژوهشگران، به عنوان یک بخش دولتی، در این مسیر چه نقشی دارد؟ نقشی حمایت های دولتی در سایر کشورها بخش های حمایت کننده دولتی تقریبا در اکثر کشورها وجود دارند. دانشگاه MIT که یکی از برترین دانشگاه های جهان در زمینه تحقیقات صنعتی است، در دهه ۱۹۹۰ جز دانشگاه های پژوهشی برتر محسوب نمی شد. در واقع دانشگاه هاپکینز به عنوان اولین دانشگاه پژوهش محور پس از گوتنبرگ آلمان در آمریکا ایجاد می شود و پس از آن استنفورد، کلارک و شیکاگو این مسیر را ادامه می دهند. اما نقطه عطفی که دانشگاه MIT را به صنعت متصل می کند وجود یک مرکز دولتی در دانشگاه برای حمایت از طرح های صنعتی است. پس از اینکه این فرهنگ پایه گذاری می شود بخش های خصوصی نیز وارد این عرصه می شوند و سرمایه گذاری بخش خصوصی آغاز می شود؛ و در حال حاضر این مرکز توسط بخش خصوصی اداره می شود . این روند حتی بعدها در هلند هم پیاده سازی شد و حمایت های دولت از این طرح ها باعث ایجاد شرکت هایی شده که خود در ادامه بر تحقیقات دانشگاهی سرمایه گذاری کرده اند. اهمیت تحقیقات دانشگاهی در کمک به اقتصاد کشور در اقتصاد کشور ما نیز، نقش تحقیقات دانشگاهی پررنگ است. در کشور، شرکت های دانش بنیان بر مبنای تحقیقات دانشگاهی ایجاد می شوند و توسعه می یابند. این شرکت ها با بومی سازی و ایجاد بازارهای جدید با ارائه محصولات مختلف در اقتصاد کشور ایفای نقش می کنند. و با در نظر گرفتن مشکلات ناشی از تحریم می توان گفت، این شرکت ها می توانند نقش موثری در اقتصاد کشور و جهش تولید ایفا کنند. از سوی دیگر حتی می توانند اقتصادهای محلی را نیز توسعه دهند. با توجه به گستردگی دانشگاه ها و صنایع در کشور، این شرکت ها می توانند در نقاط مختلف ایجاد شوند و به توسعه اقتصاد محلی استان ها کمک کنند. این شرکت های دانشگاهی حتی می توانند افق های بسیار بالاتری داشته باشند، برای مثال، طبق آماری که دانشگاه MIT از شرکت های تاسیس شده توسط محققین و فارغ التحصیلانش ارائه می کند، اقتصادی که این شرکت ها در کنار یکدیگر ایجاد کرده اند در جایگاه دوازده ام اقتصادهای برتر دنیا قرار دارد. کدام تحقیقات به توسعه اقتصادی کمک می کنند؟ در این بین، تحقیقاتی می توانند به توسعه اقتصادی کمک کنند که از همان ابتدا با توجه به نیاز صنعت و بازار ایجاد شده اند. به این منظور ابتدا باید رصدی از "نیازهای واقعی" صنایع و جامعه داشت، نیازی که صنایع حاضرند برای آنها هزینه پرداخت کنند. مخصوصا شرکت های دانش بنیان و صنایع کوچک و متوسط؛ زیرا این بخش ها بیشتر با تکنولوژی های روز کار می کنند و دید بهتر و جامع تری به تحقیقات دانشگاهی دارند. در کنار این باید موضوعی انتخاب شود که شرکت ها حاضر باشند به عنوان شرکت مادر بر روی آن سرمایه گذاری کنند. اگر این دو در کنار هم وجود داشته باشد، این طرح ها می توانند به آینده ای روشن برسند و به خوبی در اقتصاد کشور نقش ایفا کنند. The previous post on phase noise discussed about finding the root mean square phase noise for a given phase noise profile. In this post let us discuss about the impact of phase noise on the error vector magnitude (evm) of a transmit symbol. Error Vector Magnitude due to constant phase offset Consider a system model introducing a constant phase offset and thermal noise as shown in the figure. Figure : System model with phase noise and thermal noise The received symbol is, is the phase distortion in radians, is the transmit symbol and is the contribution due to thermal noise Expanding into real and imaginary components, Representing in matrix algebra, The power of the error vector is, Finding the average error over many realizations, The individual terms can be simplified as, as and are uncorrelated. iv) , the variance of the noise. Applying (i), (ii) , (iii) and (iv), the error term simplifies to EVM due to random phase offset The above equation derives the evm when the system is affected by a constant phase offset . Assume that the phase is Gaussian distributed with zero mean and variance radians^2 having a probability density function as, The conditional error power for a given phase is, Computing the average over all realization of phase, The integral term is, (Note : proof will be discussed in another post) Then the error vector power is, and the error vector magnitude is, Using Taylor series, and assuming that the is small, Figure : Example constellation plot (Es/N0=30dB, =5 degrees) Attached script computes the evm of a QPSK modulated symbol versus Es/N0 for different values of rms phase noise. % Script for simulating the error vector magnitude (evm) of a QPSK % modulated symbol affected by phase noise and thermal noise % ---------------------------------------------------------- clear;close all; N = 10^5 % number of bits or symbols Es_N0_dB = [15:3:40]; % multiple Eb/N0 values phi_rms_deg_vec = [0:1:5]; for ii = 1:length(Es_N0_dB) for jj = 1:length(phi_rms_deg_vec) % Transmitter ip_re = rand(1,N)>0.5; % generating 0,1 with equal probability ip_im = rand(1,N)>0.5; % generating 0,1 with equal probability s = 1/sqrt(2)*(2*ip_re-1 + j*(2*ip_im-1)); % QPSK
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, ognuna delle quali ruota contemporaneamente tre generatori, producendo corrente alternata. Dietro di loro ci sono gli attuali raddrizzatori. E tutto questo è ronzio e brontolii ... Sotto c'è l'albero dell'elica, che gira un enorme motore elettrico. Tutto questo si trova sotto la linea di galleggiamento. Il rompighiaccio ha una propria officina riparazioni con una serie completa di macchine per la lavorazione dei metalli, lavorazione del legno, ecc. Una volta i maestri erano in grado di scolpire una piccola parte per un elicottero rotto, risparmiando così alcune settimane. (: Lavanderia propria. Ufficio stireria. C'è anche un laboratorio chimico progettato per controllare il regime idrico, l'acqua potabile, l'analisi dei campioni, il monitoraggio di carburante e olio, ecc. Atomico Uno studio in cui i ragazzi hanno attaccato una falce e un martello da un vecchio rompighiaccio "Russia". Galyun nucleare-classico. Guardando questo gigante d'acciaio nero e rosso, è difficile credere che il primo rompighiaccio fosse di legno: la nave "City Ice Boat #1" fu costruita a 1837 per pulire il ghiaccio nel porto di Filadelfia. Poi c'erano il rimorchiatore russo "Pilot", il leggendario primo artico "Yermak" e altri eroi dei gelati conquistatori. In totale, con l'anno 1959 a 1991 in Unione Sovietica furono costruiti otto rompighiaccio a propulsione nucleare e un accendino a propulsione nucleare. Da 1991 dell'anno ad oggi, in Russia sono stati costruiti altri due rompighiaccio nucleari: Yamal (1993) e 50 Years of Victory (2007). Altri tre rompighiaccio nucleari con uno spostamento di oltre 33 migliaia di tonnellate sono in costruzione, la copertura del ghiaccio - quasi tre metri. Il primo sarà pronto per l'anno 2017. Visitare gli "50 anni della vittoria" nel porto è quasi impossibile. I tour non vengono condotti. Ma ci sono "porte aperte" in Atomflot, è necessario presentare una domanda collettiva e monitorare il loro sito Web e social network. Grazie a Rosatomflot per l'opportunità di vedere tutto con i miei occhi e un ringraziamento speciale al capitano per la meravigliosa escursione! Livorno, 13 ottobre 2023 – Condannato a tre anni. Questa la pena per l’ex sindaco di Livorno Filippo Nogarin nel processo di primo grado per l’alluvione del 2017. Una pagina tragica per la città, un’inondazione che provocò otto morti dopo piogge eccezionali nella notte tra il 9 e il 10 settembre. La sentenza è arrivata oggi dopo che il giudice Ottavio Mosti si è ritirato in camera di consiglio. L'avvocato della difesa Sabrina Franzone, nell'udienza di oggi ha fatta l'arringa finale alla quale hanno poi replicato i pm e le parti civili. Nogarin era l'unico imputato del processo, dopo che l'allora dirigente della protezione civile comunale, Riccardo Pucciarelli, era stato assolto nel processo con rito abbreviato. Nogarin non avrebbe preso le misure necessarie per impedire il disastro. Special plan for Amerindians in World Bank US$10M AIDS grant May 9, 2004 An Indigenous Peoples' Development Plan has been included in the US$10 million World Bank Project for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control in Guyana. According to the World Bank, this is to "ensure that indigenous peoples do not suffer adverse effects during the development process, particularly from bank-financed projects, and that they receive culturally compatible social and economic benefits." Guyana's indigenous people fit the five distinguishing characteristics used to identify minority nationality communities: - they have a close attachment to ancestral territories and natural resources in their regions; - they identify themselves and are identified by others as members of distinctive cultural groups; - their languages are different from the national language; - they still have customary social and political institutions; - they rely primarily on subsistence modes of production. The bank noted that poor and marginalized groups are forced to cope through mechanisms that render them susceptible to infection. "Among the poorest groups are the Amerindian people who live in isolated rural communities in regions One (Barima/Waini), Seven (Cuyuni/Mazaruni), Eight (Potaro/Siparuni) and Nine (Upper Takutu/Upper Esse-quibo). These regions are currently low HIV/AIDS prevalence cases. However, a number of factors render Amerin-dians vulnerable to HIV/ AIDS: they are the poorest group; have a high teenage pregnancy rate; and do not easily access services due to remoteness of locations as well as certain cultural traditions, the bank said. It was stated that the government, through a participatory process with Amerindian communities and various other stakeholders, will support and or implement a number of activities to address specific HIV/AIDS-related issues in the indigenous population. The programme will see enhanced knowledge about STIs and HIV/AIDS and methods of prevention, care and treatment and access to resources for community-based priority STI/HIV/AIDS activities. Amerindians will also be empowered through a participatory process, particularly for the village councils and local organisations to plan, implement and evaluate local activities, and their health care system capacity will be strengthened to conduct tests (laboratory services), refer and treat persons infected with HIV or suffering from AIDS. The current data on HIV/ AIDS indicates that prevalence rates among the indigenous populations are still low. However, the government recognises that under-reporting of HIV/AIDS cases is a severe problem since the Ministry of Health (MOH) estimates 60% underreporting of cases, the World Bank said. It was pointed out that although HIV/AIDS prevalence is still low in the interior regions, the potential exists for the problem to escalate if actions are not taken now to prevent the spread of the disease in the indigenous populations. Factors that contribute to the vulnerability of HIV in the interior locations include poverty and the lack of employment opportunities, which lead to out-migration for jobs in urban areas or mines. Risky behaviours abound in such environments, and returning workers may carry the HIV virus back to their home area. There are already high rates of STIs in some communities and inadequate or lack of information and knowledge about HIV/AIDS and how to prevent it. Prostitution among women and alcoholism are also evident. The proximity of Amerindian communities to neighbouring countries - Brazil, Venezuela and Suriname - can also pose a problem since men and youths are lured over in search of jobs. "With the opening up of Guyana's hinterland for development, the proposed Guyana/Brazil road, and the subsequent increase in the transient population, a further increase in the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the interior regions is anticipated," the World Bank said. Various consultations were held with a number of organisations and community-based entities and the findings of the consultations suggested that there has been inadequate community sensitisation in hinterland communities regarding HIV/AIDS. It was found that many of the health workers and teachers who are expected to disseminate HIV/AIDS information lack the capacity and knowledge to do so. And there is a dearth of culturally and language-appropriate communications materials, resulting in low levels of understanding of the disease. The Ministry of Amerindian Affairs will assist in the implementation of the programme and will undertake specific activities for indigenous peoples. The ministry will also serve as a catalyst for ensuring that civil society organisations are encouraged to undertake activities for indigenous peoples through the demand driven component. It will liaise with other ministries, especially health and education, to ensure that the activities they undertake focus on the special needs of Amerindians. According to the bank, Guyana has an estimated Amerindian population of eight per cent of the total population, which is estimated at 800,000. It was stated that the indigenous people of Guyana are disproportionately disadvantaged socially, and economically. "Amerindians have some of the lowest health indicators in Guyana. Social development indicators for health and education reveal significantly higher levels of disease, as well as mortality, and higher illiteracy rates when compared to other non-indigenous groups in the country." Few Amerindians have access to potable water and, since the early 1980s; traditional sources of potable water (creeks and rivers) are under threat of pollution resulting from the rapid growth of mining industries in the interior. And poverty is rife with close to 80% of the Amerindian population in the country falling below the poverty line with the women especially affected; women are paid lower wages and salaries than men, and cannot easily access credit facilities. Over 70% of Amerindians are engaged in subsistence activities such as agriculture, hunting and forestry. The high incidence of poverty in the hinterland is largely the result of geographic isolation (the economic reforms of the 1990s did not benefit many Amerindians), and limited economic activity. Other statistics published on the bank's website revealed that the overall poor state of health is reflected in low life expectancy, with less than five per cent of Amerindians living to be 55 years or older compared to the average life expectancy for Guyana of around 64.8 years (61.5 for males and 68.2 for females. Malaria was listed as being endemic and the leading health problem in the interior and it was noted that at one time, almost a third of the tuberculosis cases were found in the Amerindian population. Regions One, Four (Demerara/ Mahaica), Seven, Eight and Nine have the highest rates of tuberculosis. "Worm infestation is also endemic in most interior regions. Other poverty-related diseases afflicting Amerindian communities include diarrhoeal diseases and acute respiratory infections." The Amerindians are also significantly affected by substance abuse, dental caries and snake bites and although the country's immunisation programme is considered successful, the hinterland regions have the lowest coverage rates as a result of inadequate management, transport, communication and other difficulties. Amerindian women are at higher risk of poor maternal health as fewer births (43%) in the hinterland are attended by trained health care workers. In the area of education, the bank stated that until recently, there were no mechanisms to ensure a coordinated approach to education programmes for the Amerindian communities. It was said that hinterland schools lack trained teachers and suffer from scarce supplies and not surprisingly, school attendance rates tend to be low. Less than 13% of poor households in the interior regions have received secondary education, and one per cent of Amerindians have received post-secondary education. 【法兰橡胶接头橡胶材料】:可根据企业订制三元乙橡胶、耐酸橡胶、耐热橡胶、纯天然橡胶等 【橡胶接头产品优势】:结构紧凑、组装便捷、抗撕裂效果明显等 KXT型国标法兰橡胶接头是从内表层胶、布层和千亿官网丝圈构成管形橡胶件,经化橡胶成形后再和金属法兰或平行面连接头活套法兰组成。能降低震动及噪音,同时可对于因温度转变所引起的热涨冷缩起补偿作用,普遍应用于各种各样管道系统软件。与泵、阀连接、消防设备,振动比较大的管道、冷热交替转变频繁地管道。 为金相组织型球墨铸件,性和塑性比较高。超低温时,延展性向延性变化,但低温冲击值比较高,且有一定的抗温度亚急性变和耐腐性。主要用途比较广泛,在农机车中用于、柱、差速器壳等;机械制造中作为油路板、高压低压汽缸等;还可以用于电力线路的千亿官网帽等。球墨铸件是碳以球形石墨的结构存有,其物理性能远远超过灰口铁而接近千亿官网,其具有良好的锻造、磨削加工和耐磨性,有一定的弹力,普遍用于生产制造传动轴、传动齿轮、活塞杆等铸造件及其多种多样机械零件。 به گزارش روابط عمومی و اموربین الملل دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بابل، دکتر قدیمی معاون تحقیقات و فناوری دانشگاه از تعریف شاخص هایی برای تشویق محققان جوان برتر توسط وزارت بهداشت خبر داد. دکتر قدیمی گفت: معاونت تحقیقات و فناوری وزارت بهداشت، درمان و آموزش پزشکی به منظور تشویق محققان جوان برتر دانشگاهها با در نظر گرفتن اعتبارات خود اقدام به تعریف شاخص هایی برای تشویق محققان جوان برتر نموده است. وی ادامه داد: سن کمتر از ۴۰ سال (محاسبه بر مبنای تاریخ ۱۳۹۷/۷/۲۰)، عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه (استادیار یا مربی)، نویسنده اول یا مسؤول مقاله ای از شرایط این طرح می باشد. معاون تحقیقات و فناوری دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بابل تصریح کرد: نویسنده اول یا مسئول مقاله ای باید دارای ۳ شرط: مقاله اصلی یا مروری، زمان انتشار در سال ۲۰۱۷ یا ۲۰۱۸ میلادی، محل انتشار ( مجلهای با شاخصIF معادل ۳ و یا بالاتر (سال ۲۰۱۶ میلادی) و یا مجله در فهرست ۵% برتر رشتههای موضوعی مبتنی بر CiteScore ) ) باشد. وی با ذکر این نکته که در هنگام ارسال مدارک باید مقاله منتشر شده باشد، گفت: میزان اعتبار هر گرنت ۱۵۰ میلیون ریال می باشد. دکتر قدیمی ضمن دعوت از اعضای محترم هیات علمی جوان واجد شرایط فوق الذکر، اذعان داشت: علاقه مندان مستندات خود را (شامل آخرین حکم کارگزینی، تصویر کامل مقاله چاپ شده و درج IF مجله) حداکثر تا تاریخ ۲۰ آبان ۹۷ به معاونت تحقیقات و فناوری دانشگاه ارسال نمایند. Judul : Practical Guidelines “Healthy School Canteen Development” Penulis : Dr. Judhiastuty Februhartanty, M.Sc, at all ISBN : 978-623-7759-65-2 | | 978-623-7759-66-9 (PDF) Halaman : 85 halaman Ukuran : 21×29.7cm The book provides information related to the development of such a Healthy School Canteen. The main content of this book is the school experiences shared by practitioners and coaches comprising the principals, teachers, and foundations who directly engaged in the development and guidance of their respective canteens. Some practices which are considered as good experiences are shared in this book to give concrete actions on the school premises. The readers are expected to learn the lessons which are reflect their continuous efforts in achieving the Healthy School Canteen despite the various obstacles faced by respective school. This book also introduces the four main components of Healthy School Canteen development called as Four Pillars developed by SEAMEO RECFON team. The pillars are consisted of 29 indicators which are considered about the issues on 1) Commitment and management of the school; 2) Human resource; 3) Hygienic facilities and 4) Good quality of foods provided for school communities. A simple observation form is also shared in order to facilitate the school to assess their canteen status achievement. The Healthy School Canteen is a complex achievement and may require cooperation and capacities in its implementation. Therefore, the principal leadership may take significant points in this book to gather resources, to prepare, coordinate and evaluate plan, including to start the plan with the easiest step. Above of all, the achievement of such a Healthy School Canteen is the outcome of cooperation among various parties, which can eventually increase the school’s prestige and benefit the school. به گزارش پاتاق نیوز، درویشی مدیرعامل شرکت آب منطقه ای کرمانشاه در نشست منطقهای مدیران دفاتر حفاظت و اعضای کمیسیون صدور پروانه ها انقلاب خاموش آب زیرزمینی را اطلاقی درخور برای نشان دادن اثرات انسانزاد ناشی از بهره برداری بی رویه آب زیرزمینی دانست. درویشی با مروری بر اهمیت آب زیرزمینی خاطرنشان ساخت در آغاز قرن بیستم و بعد از آن بود که رشد سریع صنعت و جمعیت باعث تغییرات فزاینده ناخواستهای در سطح جهانی و در مواجهه با مصرف آب زیرزمینی گردید به طوری که آب زیرزمینی در معرض بهرهبرداری بیرویه قرار گرفت و از این تغییرات امروز با عنوان انقلاب جهانی آب زیرزمینی نام برده می شود. وی با اشاره به ادبیات جهانی و مروری بر روند سریع استخراج آب زیرزمینی به ویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک و اطلاق انقلاب خاموش برای این رخداد، اثرات این انقلاب خاموش را تحول و دگرگونی در همه ابعاد انسانی, اجتماعی, سیاسی, اقتصادی و حتی اعتقادی و فرهنگی جوامع و کشورهای در معرض تنش آبی دانست بدون آنکه آثار و پیامدهای ظاهری آن چندان بارز و قابل مشاهده باشد. درویشی با اشاره به مولفه های انقلاب جهانی آب زیرزمینی، رشد سریع استخراج آب زیرزمینی، تغییرات اساسی در وضعیت آب زیرزمینی و ظهور مدیریت یکپارچه منابع آب زیرزمینی و حکمرانی خوب آن را عواملی دانست که وقوع آنها اگرچه از منظر مکانی و زمانی همزمان نبوده اند اما پیامد مشترک آن در همه مناطق، تنش آبی و منازعات محلی بر سر تامین آب بوده است. وی حکمرانی خوب را رویکردی برای تدوام برنامه های رو به جلو مدیریت یکپارچه منابع آب دانست و اظهار امیدواری کرد نشست منطقهای مدیران دفاتر حفاظت و اعضای کمیسیون صدور پروانه ها و دبیران آن, فرصت مغتنمی برای بحث و بررسی پیرامون چالش ها و مشکلات پیش روی مدیریت آب زیرزمینی در فضای تعاملی و البته دانش مدار را ایجاد نماید. وی در پایان ضمن تقدیر از حضور همکاران بخش آب زیرزمینی سازمان آب و برق خوزستان و شرکتهای آب منطقه ای ایلام، کهگیلویه و بویراحمد و چهارمحال و بختیاری، مراتب تقدیر و تشکر خود را برگزارکنندگان نشست و سخنرانان کلیدی آن ابراز داشت و اظهار امیدواری کرد با رویکردهای نو و برنامه های جامع فرهنگی-ترویجی بتوان دورنمای پایداری برای منابع آب زیرزمینی ترسیم کرد. 基于朱诺木星照片制作的木星北半球闪电分布艺术想象图。NASA / JPL-加州理工学院 / 西南研究所 / 朱诺相机 人们一直以为,木星上的闪电和地球上的很不一样。1979年旅行者1号的飞,让人们对木星闪电的成因产生了怀疑。因为探测器在无线电波段上收到的闪电信号和地球闪电产生的信号特征不一致。 但根据近日《自然》杂志上的一篇文章,木星闪电实际上和地球闪电大同小异。 这一发现是由朱诺探测器作出的。朱诺能够在极宽的频段范围内进行探测,这个能力给予了它超越前辈的机会。 闪电就像是无线电发报机。朱诺在其前8次
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to become AutoShip Systems). Grahame was doing well selling lines-development programs AutoYacht and AutoShip, which were based on programs written by John Letcher of AeroHydro, Inc. A dealership contract was signed in late 1986, and Coast Design began selling GHS licenses along with AutoShip and also a reduced BHS version called BHS/Yacht which was packaged with AutoYacht. This boosted the international sales of both AutoShip and GHS. In order to secure this relationship, Coast Design began seeking a tighter identification with GHS and began calling GHS "AutoGHS". Through the urging of Mr. Shannon and his subsidiary dealer in Norway, Gunnar Solheim, a decision was made in 1987 to apply to the Norwegian Maritime Directorate for formal GHS approval. This entailed adding graphing features to GHS, which resulted in the Report Generator. After submitting extensive calculations on three test vessels, approval was granted for "AutoGHS". By 1990, the sales of GHS had become quite strong, thanks, in part, to the marketing efforts of Coast Design. However, Creative Systems was being given little credit for GHS and its users were not getting the best possible support. With encouragement and consultation from Tom Bringloe of The Glosten Associates, plans were developed for building Creative Systems into a larger organization. This led to the decision to increase control over marketing which eventually resulted in the termination of Coast Design's dealership contract. By that time, Coast Design had already embarked on developing AutoHydro as their replacement for GHS. The rapid development of AutoHydro was made possible by an agreement with Creative Systems which gave Coast Design the right to use certain portions of the GHS source code—but not to duplicate the look of GHS or use its documentation. Nevertheless, AutoHydro, including its documentation, turned out to look very much like GHS. Since 1992, many enhancements and improvements to GHS, as well as independent development of AutoHydro, have widened the gap between the two products. ABS Adopts GHS In 1989, Donald Liu, senior vice president of the Technical Services Group at ABS (American Bureau of Shipping), took a close look at the commercial software available for ship stability on the PC. After a meeting at Creative Systems' office in Seattle, he ordered a complete set of the GHS software. This began a relationship with ABS that continues to the present day. ABS is the largest single user of GHS with copies installed at its offices worldwide. GHS Goes to Sea In order to help supply the growing market for shipboard stability/strength software, Creative Systems developed a user interface for GHS which adapted it to the needs of ship operators. The resulting product was called GLM (originally General Load Monitor, now GHS Load Monitor). The first installation was on the F/V Island Enterprise in 1990. While she was on her first trip with GLM on board, a fax was received from skipper Jeff Boddington describing how he was able to make an extra haul before the closure deadline since he was able to quickly check stability before commencing the operation. That one bag of fish paid for the GLM license many times over. In 1994, Jack Kalro of the USA Military Sealift Command realized that it would reduce costs and improve performance to equip Sealift vessels with GLM rather than the software and methods they had been using. At about the same time, Elias Garcia of RINAVE in Portugal set out to develop extensions of GLM using the GHS Programming Interface. Mr. Garcia also contributed the petroleum temperature expansion algorithms which are now an integral part of GHS. Growing Pains and Gains Acting on the plans to expand its organization, Creative Systems was incorporated in 1990 in Washington State. In 1991, the office was moved from Seattle to Port Townsend, Washington and additional employees were hired. The board of directors was increased to include engineer Dave Udell and naval architect Tim Nolan. Emanuel Duarte and Jack Beaton were successively employed in sales (both having previously worked for Coast Design). John Gorrell was hired as office manager and Don Schmitt was employed to help with programming. Naval architect Phil Reed came on board to handle customer support and training. Unfortunately, sales did not increase quickly enough, and a deficit forced a cutback in the sales staff while Don Schmitt was lured away by Microsoft. Phil Reed continued until 1994 when he joined Pfitzco in Tampa, Florida. Phil continued to conduct occasional GHS training classes and eventually went on to work for Titan, using GHS in their salvage work. (Currently as Reed Maritime, Phil continues to apply GHS in salvage operations.) Since 1994, Glenn Bauer, NA, PE has at various times assisted with customer support and training. In 1997, Eric Rhodes joined the company as office manager and soon became proficient enough with GHS to handle much of the technical support as well. Eric moved to Ireland in 2003, leaving a vacancy which Mike Roth filled until 2007 when Julie Knott took over as Business Manager. Stephen Schumacher, an essential part of the company since 1997, became chief programmer, half owner, and vice president of the corporation. Also in 2007, Stewart Carrington was hired to help with tech support as well as production, maintenance of in-house systems, and various administrative tasks. The board grew to five members: added were Steve Schumacher and his father, retired banker Bob Schumacher. Engineer Vic Patton replaced Dave Udell who went on to be with his Lord. In 2010, Creative Systems moved into a new specially-designed office building in Port Townsend built on property purchased with revenues from GHS sales. The building project was managed by then business manager Julie Knott. That same year Vic Patton retired from the board, insurance executive Tom Andritsch joined the board of directors, and John Christian joined the company as the new business manager. In 2011, Lucas Hurt, NA, PE came to work for Creative Systems. Lucas came on board well qualified with a decade of experience as a naval architect. His GHS experience goes back to his college days at Webb Institute of Naval Architecture. His duties include technical support and training of GHS users. Luke has become a member of the board of directors, an officer of the corporation, and part owner. Early in 2012, Eric Rhodes returned from Ireland and rejoined Creative Systems as technical support and facilities manager. With over 15 years experience using GHS, Eric, provides front-line support. With the year 2016 came two departures: Board member Tom Andritsch passed away in August, joining Dave Udell in their higher calling. Also John Christian was let go, leaving the sales/business manager slot open. In March of 2017 Colin Aiken was hired as the new sales and business manager. In June of the same year Kyle Marlantes, newly graduated with honors from the University of New Orleans, was hired as naval architect/programmer. Kyle comes with GHS experience and seakeeping software which he developed during his thesis work. Successes at Salvage Thanks to its "first-principles" approach to the calculations, GHS has always been a capable tool for salvage work. As far back as 1993, Phil Reed presented a SNAME paper demonstrating the application of the ground reaction method pioneered by GHS in the refloating of the M.V. Frota Humaita at Dunkirk, France. Ken Edgar of Marine Response Consultants became partial to GHS for salvage work and continues to be a strong proponent. GHS is often used in major salvage efforts such as the Costa Concordia refloating. GHS was featured in a Wired Magazine article on the Cougar Ace salvage and in the National Geographic TV special on the flooding and breakup of the Titanic, where the panel of experts included Brian Thomas, a naval architect and salvage engineer who in addition to conducting GHS training classes contributes to GHS product development. The Origin of IMSA In 1991, Design Systems and Services (later Proteus Engineering a division of Anteon Corporation), together with HydroComp and Creative Systems, laid the groundwork for the IMSA organization (International Marine Software Associates) as well as the IDF file format which was designed as a universal communication channel for the types of data involved in various marine software programs. Design Systems also became a dealer for GHS, enlisting Nick Danese to be its European representative under the name Design Systems Europe (later Design Systems and Technologies). The Sales Network In 1992, ABS became a worldwide GHS dealer, and Calvin Chai, under the leadership of Faith Lee, worked out a companion interface for GHS, which they distribute with GHS, calling the package ABSGHS. Proteus Engineering also used GHS in their FlagShip product which integrated several marine software programs. During the 1990s, additional GHS representatives were established, including RINAVE for Portugal, Delteq Systems for Singapore, Marcon Engineering for the Netherlands and Northern Europe, Nick Danese for Western and Eastern Europe, Barry Kingwill for South Africa, Alejandro Pita & Guillermo Fisch for Latin America and the Iberian Penninsula, Jim Leake for UAE and surrounding area, and Ravi Panth for India. Subsequently, in the early 2000s, Sea Quest Technology replaced Delteq in Singapore and Benny Alex of Oasis Ship Management took over after Jim Leake left the United Arab Emirates. Ichiro Ueno of Seals, Ltd became a dealer in Japan. Nick Danese gained most of Europe. Guillermo Fisch continued his dealership while Barry Kingwill focused on salvage operations. In 2008, Sea Tech Solutions became a dealership primarily focused on India while being located in both India and Singapore. Also in 2008, Singtong Marine and Offshore Pte Ltd became a dealership serving China. Anna Wang of Singtong Marine, an exceptionally bright GHS user, made a Chinese-language translation of the GHS user manual and other reference material. Currently, most of Europe and the Middle East is represented by NDAR (Nick Danese Applied Research). The team at NDAR, including Stephanie Gros and Stephane Dardel, provide GHS support and training in Europe as well as in the Middle East. China and Hong Kong are solely represented by Steven Xu and associates at Singtong Marine and Offshore Pte Ltd. Eldho Mathew and staff at EMAR Pte Ltd is the GHS representative in India. See the current list of dealers. GHS and GUIs Before graphical user interfaces were available on the PC, GHS was a DOS application. The transition to the Windows operating system would have been a monumental task with risks to product integrity if it had not been for the extraordinary work of Steve Schumacher in developing an automatic translator for the GHS code. But even that was a substantial undertaking that took many months to complete. (Thanks to the translator, a DOS-based version of GHS can be produced from the current code if needed.) Meanwhile, in 1995, Bob Horsefield, a naval architect and computer programmer, brought out a product he called "Windows Manager for GHS" under the company name Visual Systems Workshop. WMGHS worked alongside GHS and added some Windows-oriented functions. (In 2015, Bob announced that VSW is leaving the field since WMGHS offers little that is not available directly in GHS.) GHS continues to be a popular and well-respected program. GHS licenses have been purchased by government, military and bureau organizations including the US Coast Guard and US Navy. The Canadian Coast Guard and Department of Defense have adopted GHS as their standard. Most of the credit for the success of GHS goes to its users. Creative System's business model depends on the advice and enthusiasm of users who contribute to development. Unlike its competition, Creative Systems has never received financial assistance from government, university, or a parent corporation. It is entirely user supported. Copyright (C) 2017 Creative Systems, Inc. 1. Taj Mahal, Agra, Uttar Pradesh Huge white marble terrace on which rests the famous white marble dome, flanked by four tapering minarets. Within the dome lies the jewel-inlaid cenotaph of the deceased queen. 2 Nalanda Ruins, Nalanda, Bihar Nālandā was an ancient center of higher learning in Bihar, India. The university of Nalanda is located in the Indian state of Bihar, and was a Buddhist center of learning. The great library of Nalanda University was so vast that it is reported to have burned for three months after the invaders set fire to it, ransacked and destroyed the monasteries, and drove the monks from the site. 3. Galden Namgey Lhatse, Tawang, Arunachal Pradesh Tawang Monastery in Arunachal Pradesh is the largest monastery in India. It was founded near the small town in accordance with the wishes of the 5th Dalai Lama. It is very close to the Tibetan border, in the valley of the Tawang-chu which flows down from Tibet. The monastery is also known in Tibetan as Galden Namgey Lhatse, which translates to ‘Celestial paradise in a clear night.’ 4. Ruins of Vijaynagar Empire, Hampi, Karnataka Hampi ruins are a UNESCO World Heritage Site, listed as the Group of Monuments at Hampi. The Vithala temple complex at Hampi in state of Karnataka has 56 musical pillars, which are constructed such that when stuck, each one emits a unique musical tone. The Virupaksha temple, site of the ancient city of Vijaynagar, is the main centre of pilgrimage at Hampi. It has three towers, which rise to a height of 160 feet and are nine tiered. It dates back to the first half of the fifteenth century. 5. Sun Temple, Konark, Odisha The Surya – mandir (sun-temple) of Konark, derived from the words Kona (Corner) and Arka (Sun), is known not only for its architectural grandeur but also for the intricacy and profusion of sculptural work. The entire temple has been conceived as a chariot of the sun god with 24 wheels, each about 10 feet in diameter, with a set of spokes and elaborate carvings. Seven horses drag the temple and two lions guard the entry, crushing the elephants. 6. The Iron Pillar, Delhi Dating back to the 4th century A.D., the Iron pillar of Delhi bears Sanskrit inscription in Brahmi script which states that it was erected in the honor of the Hindu god, Vishnu and in the memory of the Gupta King Chandragupta II. It highlights ancient India’s achievements in metallurgy. The pillar is made of 98 percent wrought iron and has stood more than 1600 years without rusting or decomposing. The pillar is 7 meters high and 17 inches in diameter at the base and 12 inches in diameter at the top. It might not be the most beautiful architectural monument in India, but it sure is one of the wonders of India 7. Ajanta & Ellora Caves, Aurangabad, Maharashtra Ajanta Caves, thirty in number were made in 2nd century BC. The themes are religious and centered around Buddha. Paintings are done on ground of mud-plaster. Ellora caves are rock-cut shrines representing three different faiths, Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism, known for their striking proportion, elaborate workmanship, architectural content and sculptural ornamentation. Both Ajanta and Ellora Caves are part of UNESCO World Heritage Sites and are one the most exotic caves of India depicting India’s architectural brilliance in the past. It is appropriate time to make some plans for the future and it's time to be happy. I have read this post and if I could I want to suggest you few interesting things or suggestions. Maybe you can write next articles referring to this article. I desire to read more things about it! بسیار core از خود نوشتن در حالی که صدایی دلنشین ابتدا آیا واقعا کار خوب با من پس از برخی از زمان. جایی در سراسر پاراگراف شما در واقع موفق به من مؤمن متاسفانه فقط برای بسیار در حالی که کوتاه. من با این حال کردم مشکل خود را با فراز در منطق و شما خواهد را سادگی به پر همه کسانی معافیت. در صورتی که شما در واقع که می توانید انجام من را مطمئنا تا پایان تحت تاثیر قرار داد. چلیپا از خود نوشتن در حالی که صدایی دلنشین اصل آیا نه کار خوب با من پس از برخی از زمان. جایی درون پاراگراف شما در واقع قادر به من مؤمن متاسفانه فقط برای بسیار در حالی که کوتاه. من هنوز کردم مشکل خود را با فراز در منطق و یک خواهد را خوب به کمک پر کسانی که معافیت. در این رویداد شما که می توانید انجام من می مطمئنا تا پایان در گم. hello!,I love your writing so much! proportion we be in contact extra about your article on AOL? I require a specialist on this area to solve my problem. May be that's you! Having a look forward to see you. This design is incredible! You definitely know how to keep a reader amused. Between your wit and your videos, I was almost moved to start my own blog (well, almost...HaHa!) Great job. I really enjoyed what you had to say, and more than that, how you presented it. Too cool! As a crossroads of trade between the Indian Ocean and East Asia, the Malay Archipelago has consistently been a wealthy, diverse, and politically important region. Islam began to spread in the region through trade not long after the life of Prophet Muhammad (S). For centuries, the people of Southeast Asia slowly began to accept Islam and create Muslim towns and kingdoms. Perhaps the most important of these kingdoms was the Sultanate of Malacca (Melaka in Malay), which reached its peak in the mid-1400s. As a powerful and influential kingdom, the continued spread of Islam was intricately tied with the rise of the Malacca Sultanate. Unfortunately, however, the Malacca Sultanate would not last, as the newly powerful Portugal conquered the kingdom in 1511 and began a centuries-long period of European domination. The Rise of Malacca One of the most important highways of trade in the pre-modern world was the Strait of Malacca. Bordered on its northern side by the Malay Peninsula and on the southern side by the island of Sumatra, it was the main connection between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. As a result, most trade traffic in the region passed through this narrow strait, creating rich trade kingdoms on its shores. Around the year 1400, a local king, Iskender Shah, established a new kingdom in the present-day location of Malacca, on the North Shore of the Malacca Strait. Some accounts attest to him being a convert to Islam, while others do not support this theory. In any case, within decades, the sultanate he founded, the Sultanate of Malacca, became one of the major promoters of Islam in the region. As a powerful and expansive kingdom, the Sultanate of Malacca provided a common culture for the surrounding region that neighboring states attempted to adopt. This unified culture helped spark the spread of Islam
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是一个用于连接MQTT服务器的库,可以用于实现ESP32的物联网功能。 这些库都可以在ESP32的开发环境中进行安装和使用。 相关问题 esp32-idf 使用第三方库 要在ESP32-IDF中使用第三方库,需要进行以下步骤: 1. 在ESP32-IDF工程目录下创建一个components目录,用来存放第三方库的代码。 2. 将第三方库的代码复制到components目录下。 3. 在components目录下的CMakeLists.txt文件中添加以下内容: ``` idf_component_register(SRCS <source_files> INCLUDE_DIRS <include_directories> REQUIRES <required_components>) ``` 其中,<source_files>是第三方库的源代码文件列表,<include_directories>是第三方库的头文件目录列表,<required_components>是第三方库依赖的其他组件列表。 4. 在ESP32-IDF工程目录下的CMakeLists.txt文件中添加以下内容: ``` set(EXTRA_COMPONENT_DIRS /path/to/components) ``` 其中,/path/to/components是第三方库所在的目录路径。 5. 在ESP32-IDF工程目录下的main目录下编写应用程序代码,可以调用第三方库的API函数进行开发。 注意:在使用第三方库时,需要确保其代码和许可证符合ESP32-IDF的要求。 thonny如何给MicroPython ESP32安装第三方库? 你可以通过在thonny中打开MicroPython REPL,然后使用upip模块安装第三方库。具体步骤如下: 1. 在thonny中打开MicroPython REPL,连接到ESP32。 2. 输入以下命令,安装upip模块: ```python import upip upip.install('micropython-xxx') ``` 其中,'micropython-xxx'是你要安装的第三方库名称。 3. 安装完成后,你可以在MicroPython代码中使用该第三方库。 希望这个回答能够帮到你。 相关推荐 最新推荐 使用Arduino+IDE进行ESP32-CAM视频流和人脸识别.docx 使用ESP32-CAN和配套OV2640摄像头。 本文是ESP32-CAM板的快速入门指南。我们将向您展示如何使用Arduino IDE在不到5分钟的时间内...注意:在本教程中,我们使用arduino-esp32库中的示例。本教程未介绍如何修改示例。 安信可 ESP32 UDP调试笔记.docx 安信可 ESP32 UDP调试笔记 要求WIFI透传DATA 安信可资料不全,互勉 Python项目自动化多服务器部署的工具 essay是我们团队在过去两年Python项目持续部署上经验的总结,核心功能是打包和多Server部署。这个工具的主要功能是简化从开发到部署的流程,方便服务器的扩展。除了打包和部署功能之外,essay还提供了其他的工具,在后面的接口描述中有详细介绍。 essay是基于Fabric开发,在使用上依赖于pypi Server和github/Gitlab。 这里使用自己搭建的pypiserver作为pypi server,github作为代码仓库。 安装essay: pip install essay github上创建项目:essay_demo_webpy 创建项目。终端上执行: es create essay_demo_webpy ,根据提示输入你新创建的git仓库地址,回车完毕你会发现你的github上已经有了初始化好的一个项目结构 打包项目。此时你可以在本地的essay_demo_webpy目录下执行: fab -l 命令查看哪些命令可用。然后执行 fab build.build 命令,会帮你打包成tar的源码包,并添加版本后,如:essay_demo_webpy-3. 信息系统集成管理工程项目师必考重点内部资料.doc 信息系统集成管理工程项目师必考重点内部资料.doc 管理建模和仿真的文件 管理Boualem Benatallah引用此版本:布阿利姆·贝纳塔拉。管理建模和仿真。约瑟夫-傅立叶大学-格勒诺布尔第一大学,1996年。法语。NNT:电话:00345357HAL ID:电话:00345357https://theses.hal.science/tel-003453572008年12月9日提交HAL是一个多学科的开放存取档案馆,用于存放和传播科学研究论文,无论它们是否被公开。论文可以来自法国或国外的教学和研究机构,也可以来自公共或私人研究中心。L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire 扎实基础工具:Maya在二维动画中的应用 # 1. Maya简介 ## 1.1 Maya软件概述 Maya是Autodesk公司推出的一款专业三维动画制作软件,被广泛应用于影视、游戏、动画等领域。它拥有强大的建模、动画、染等功能,是影视特效行业的主流软件之一。 ## 1.2 Maya在动画制作中的应用领域 Maya在动画制作中的应用非常广泛,可以用于制作影视特效、三维动画、角色动画、游戏动画等。其丰富的工具和功能使得动画制作更加高效和精确。 ## 1.3 Maya在二维动画制作中的优势 虽然Maya主打三维动画制作,但在二维动画制作中也有独特的优势。通过Maya的工具和功能,可以实现丰富多彩的二维动画效果,为动画制作带来 一个IP地址是用四个字节(每个字节8个位)的二进制码组成。请将32位二进制码表示的IP地址转换为十进制格式表示的IP地址输出。 输入格式: 输入在一行中给出32位二进制字符串。 输出格式: 在一行中输出十进制格式的IP地址,其由4个十进制数组成(分别对应4个8位的二进制数),中间用“.”分隔开。 输入样例: 11001100100101000001010101110010 输出样例: 220.127.116.11做题 好的,这是一个简单的二进制转十进制的问题。以下是一个C++代码示例,可以实现该功能: ```cpp #include <iostream> #include <bitset> // 二进制转十进制需要使用bitset库 using namespace std; int main() { string binary; cin >> binary; // 将二进制字符串转换为bitset类型 bitset<32> bits(binary); // 依次输出四个字节的十进制数 cout << bits.to_ulong() >> 24 << " 工程项目预算与管理讲义.doc 工程项目预算与管理讲义.doc "互动学习:行动中的多样性与论文攻读经历" 多样性她- 事实上SCI NCES你的时间表ECOLEDO C Tora SC和NCESPOUR l’Ingén学习互动,互动学习以行动为中心的强化学习学会互动,互动学习,以行动为中心的强化学习计算机科学博士论文于2021年9月28日在Villeneuve d'Asq公开支持马修·瑟林评审团主席法布里斯·勒菲弗尔阿维尼翁大学教授论文指导奥利维尔·皮耶昆谷歌研究教授:智囊团论文联合主任菲利普·普雷教授,大学。里尔/CRISTAL/因里亚报告员奥利维耶·西格德索邦大学报告员卢多维奇·德诺耶教授,Facebook /索邦大学审查员越南圣迈IMT Atlantic高级讲师邀请弗洛里安·斯特鲁布博士,Deepmind对于那些及时看到自己错误的人...3谢谢你首先,我要感谢我的两位博士生导师Olivier和Philippe。奥利维尔,"站在巨人的肩膀上"这句话对你来说完全有意义了。从科学上讲,你知道在这篇论文的(许多)错误中,你是我可以依 Flash动画制作教程:从入门到精通 # 1. Flash动画基础知识 ## 1.1 什么是Flash动画 Flash动画是一种基于矢量图形的动画制作技术,通过Adobe Flash软件创建,并以.swf格式输出的动画作品。Flash动画能够实现丰富的动画效果和交互体验,被广泛运用于网页动画、游戏开发、教育培训等领域。 ## 1.2 Flash动画的历史与发展 Flash动画起源于1996年,由FutureWave Software公司开发,后被Macromedia收购并发展成为Flash软件。随着互联网的发展,Flash动画在网页设计和互动媒体方面扮演了重要角色,但随着HTML5等技术的兴起,Flash动画逐渐退出历史舞台。 اجرای زنده خواننده چارتار در اولین حضورش در یک تاکشو آخرین خبر/ آرمان گرشاسبی، خواننده گروه چارتار که برای اولین بار در یک تاکشو حضور پیدا کرده بود، قطعه "هندسه" را به صورت زنده اجرا کرد. این خواننده مهمان پژمان جمشیدی در چهارمین قسمت از برنامه "پیشگو" بود که هر هفته به صورت اینترنتی پخش میشود. شرح فایل بدون شک، یکی از اهداف و آروزهای ملّت ها و کشورها، فراهم آوردن یک زندگی مناسب، همراه با رفاه و آسایش برای خود و دیگران در جهان امروز است؛ که بهترین راه شناخته شده برای رسیدن به آن، توسعه» است. امروزه تأکید برتوسعه پایدار، یکی از محورهای اساسی در سیاست گذاری ها ی دولت ها به شمار می اید. تا از طریق آن، استاندارد های زندگی را در جامعه خویش بهبود بخشند. استاندارد زندگی در یک جامعه، به درجه ای از تأمین حداقل نیازهای جامعه بستگی دارد. به عبارت دیگر، کیفیت غذا، پوشاک، مسکن، آموزش و امنیت اجتماعی، استاندارد زندگی را تعیین می کند. برای ارتقای استاندارد زندگی باید غذا، پوشاک، مسکن، آموزش و امنیت بیشتر و با کیفیتِ بهتر، تولید شود. افزایش مقدار تولید و بهبود کیفیت کالاها و خدمات، می تواند از طریق افزایش نهاده های1 نیروی کار و سرمایه صورت پذیرد و یا این که از منابع موجود به صورت کاراتر (یعنی توأم با بهره وری») استفاده به عمل اید. به عبارت دیگر، می توان چنین گفت که هدف بهره وری، عبارت است از به حداکثر رسانیدن استفاده از منابع، نیروی انسانی، سرمایه، مواد خام تولیدی، زمان و... به شیوه ای عملی و با کاهش هزینه های تولید، به منظور گسترش بازار، افزایش اشتغال، کوشش برای افزایش دستمزدهای واقعی و بهبود معیارهای زندگی، به شکلی که به نفع کارکنان، مدیران و مصرف کنندگان باشد. و خلاصه این که بهره وری، نگرشی فرهنگی است که در آن، انسان، فعالیت های خود را هوشمندانه ـ خردمندانه انجام می دهد تا بهترین نتیجه را در جهت دست یابی به اهداف مادی و معنوی به دست آورد. - پرداخت با کلیه کارتهای بانکی عضو شتاب امکانپذیر است. - پس از پرداخت آنلاین، بلافاصله لینک دانلود فعال می شود و می توانید فایل را دانلود کنید. در صورتیکه ایمیل خود را وارد کرده باشید همزمان یک نسخه از فایل به ایمیل شما ارسال میگردد. - در صورت بروز مشکل در دانلود، تا زمانی که صفحه دانلود را نبندید، امکان دانلود مجدد فایل، با کلیک بر روی کلید دانلود، برای چندین بار وجود دارد. - در صورتیکه پرداخت انجام شود ولی به هر دلیلی (قطعی اینترنت و ...) امکان دانلود فایل میسر نگردید، با ارائه نام فایل، کد فایل، شماره تراکنش پرداخت و اطلاعات خود، از طریق تماس با ما، اطلاع دهید تا در اسرع وقت فایل خریداری شده برای شما ارسال گردد. - در صورت وجود هر گونه مشکل در فایل دانلود شده، حداکثر تا 24 ساعت، از طریق تماس با ما اطلاع دهید تا شکایت شما مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. - برای دانلود فایل روی دکمه "خرید و دانلود فایل" کلیک کنید. Each August our staff takes a week to reflect, assess, and prepare for the upcoming school year. Staff development week is a long-standing tradition at SEEC — one that we look forward to, to connect with our colleagues and lay the groundwork for the upcoming year. It is an especially important way to bring the entire SEEC team together. Our school is physically divided into three centers so staff development week makes us feel like one family and helps provide continuity across the program. Melody Passemante-Powell, director of infant and toddler programs, kicked off the week with a team building presentation. She got the morning started by sharing inspirational quotes about education. This exercise had a deeper purpose though. It helped us see that while everyone believed that the education of young children is important, not all of us had the same perspective of how to achieve that. She used this as a launching point to think about how important it is for us to consider alternative perspectives and not make assumptions when interacting with staff, children, and families. Anti-Bias, Objects, and Technology Our team at the Center for Innovation in Early Learning (CIEL) followed with a presentation on anti-bias education. SEEC has always been thoughtful about creating an inclusive learning environment, but with the opening of the National Museum of African American History and Culture and of course, current events, the issue has grown ever more important. We spent the morning focusing on the anti-bias education framework as outlined by NAEYC and considering it in terms of our unique school model. We concluded our time by asking faculty to begin building a tool that would help us reflect on the anti-bias nature of our classrooms, lessons, and relationships. CIEL also led the group in an exercise reiterating the importance of connecting our lessons to the museum objects. SEEC believes strongly in facilitating activities and careful looking strategies that connect our lessons to the museum object, and we had fun demonstrating this with our colleagues. Our final CIEL segment was a collaboration with our administrative team that explored technology and early childhood classrooms. The large part of our presentation was thinking as a group about how we feel about technology and how it fits into our school. We are compiling the feedback in the hopes of continuing the dialogue. Executive Functioning and Early Intervention We were also lucky enough to have a few guest speakers. Occupational therapist, Judi Greenberg, from Child Development Consultants led us in a great discussion about executive functioning skills. Greenberg reminded us of the importance of executive functioning and helped us think of ways we can help develop these skills in our students. She also reviewed signs that a child might be struggling with executive functioning and ways we can help them. We also had an informative session with DCPS’ Early Stages reminding us of their array of services and the benefits of early intervention. It felt great to know all the ways we can support our families. Of course there was a lot of time for our faculty to work on preparing our classrooms and they are looking great! Now that it is all wrapped up, we can’t wait for the children to arrive on Tuesday. Design intent governs –or should govern –every choice we make in CAD modeling. Design intent recognizes that the initial design phase is only a small portion of the life cycle of a product. We spend significantly more time modifying and updating models as requirements change. Therefore, we want to build additional information into our models so that changes propagate intelligently to related features and components. When it comes to assembly design methodologies, bottom up design (BUD) and top down design (TDD) are the most popular and well-known. In BUD, first you create individual part models, and arrange them together into lower-level assemblies. Those assemblies are placed in higher-level assemblies, and so on, until the top-level product is finished. Bottom up has disadvantages, though. It does not work well for advanced products with large numbers of components and many levels of hierarchy. It especially doesn’t work well when parts and subassemblies have interdependencies between each other. Updating BUD assemblies tends to be tedious, overly manual, time-consuming, and error-prone. Even worse, it often results in cascading regeneration failures that frustrates the users and increases time-to-market. In TDD, we first define our product structure – the organization of major subsystems, subassemblies, and other components—without focusing on the geometry in individual parts. We use special models to consolidate critical design information. Skeletons capture geometry that affects multiple assemblies and parts; notebooks do the same for dimensions and parameters. We communicate that design information from skeletons and notebooks to individual components. In this way, we can implement changes at the top level, and the interconnected components update in ways that we plan for and expect. Smart, connected products introduce new challenges to our traditional approaches. Products have always contained commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components, such as fasteners, cabling, and electrical components. When our products become smart and connected, this list expands to include: We often need to locate these components first, and design the housing and/or rest of the product around them. This particular technique –interior electronics then exterior housing –is middle-out design (MOD). This technique has already been used across many sectors, especially in products that involve the packaging of components in housings and boxes, sometimes known as line replaceable units (LRUs) in the Aerospace and Defense sector. Some people see bottom up, middle out, and top down as separate realms, and never the “thrain” shall meet: In the real world, though, products are designed using a combination of methodologies. The overall product may be designed using top down, but individual subassemblies may be created using bottom up. As necessary, some components and systems may be laid out using middle out, and then top down takes over. The situation actually resembles the following: The development of smart, connected products exists at the intersection of bottom up, middle out, and top down design. With that in mind, what CAD tools and techniques support MOD in product development? Using these techniques, and combining MOD with TDD, will improve your design process for smart, connected products. The mental and emotional disorder known as adolescent depression is no different medically
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rinviato spesso a leggi; il che non significa far cosa inutile e vana, vuol dire per lo meno questo: che il potere esecutivo non potrà commettere alcun arbitrio; e tutto dovrà essere regolato da leggi. Poi abbiamo cercato di mettere alcune norme e principî che siano per il legislatore una sicura direttiva ed un infrangibile limite. È il solo metodo che si deve seguire; sta a vedere se l'abbiamo applicato bene o male. Io credo che non sia stato applicato male, e che contenga anche qualche punto abbastanza originale. Per quanto riguarda l'inviolabilità della persona e del domicilio, gli arresti, i fermi, le perquisizioni domiciliari, che nel regime tirannico erano così frequenti, abbiamo stabilito che vi deve essere una norma precisa di legge ed una decisione motivata del magistrato. Nei casi di assoluta urgenza non si può vietare — per la stessa difesa della vita e degli averi dei cittadini — che intervenga l'autorità di pubblica sicurezza. Si è voluto evitare che la polizia faccia una perquisizione e poi non ne parli più; trattenga uno per ventiquattro o per quarantotto ore in guardiola, in carcere, e poi lo lasci libero senza dir nulla. Si è stabilito che, qualunque cosa possa fare, per assoluta necessità, nei casi ammessi dalla legge, l'autorità di pubblica sicurezza debba riferire immediatamente al magistrato, e ciò — si noti — per ogni e qualunque restrizione di libertà personale e domiciliare; ed anche se il rilascio è avvenuto prima che scada il termine dell'obbligo di comunicazione al magistrato stesso. È un principio che non trova riscontro in alcun'altra Costituzione. Un altro punto nuovo, per il diritto di associazione. Non si è ammesso soltanto in quei casi in cui la legge lo consente, come le altre Costituzioni. Si è stabilito che i diritti e le libertà che un singolo può far valere personalmente, secondo legge, può farli valere anche collettivamente. Potrei continuare nell'esame dei diritti di libertà, ma il tempo incalza. Mi limito a fare un cordiale invito ai valorosi colleghi dell'Assemblea; mi dicano quale delle altre Costituzioni abbia delle norme sulle libertà civili ferme e chiare come quelle che abbiamo cercato di stabilire nel nostro progetto. Passiamo ora ai rapporti economici; e notiamo anzitutto che, secondo una chiara affermazione accentuata dall'onorevole Saragat, i diritti di libertà che sono a base essenzialmente individuale devono rimanere ben fermi anche coi nuovi diritti sociali. La Costituzione va incontro ai diritti del lavoro; apre la strada alle conquiste del lavoro. E lo fa in una forma che non deve spaventare; non è sovvertimento e rivoluzione social-comunista in atto, come ha detto qualcuno. Rivoluzione? Anch'io ne ho parlato nei miei libri, qualche volta; ma, da quando Mussolini ha imperversato con la rivoluzione in atto, io non posso più soffrire questa parola. Pregherei l'amico Saragat e l'amico Lussu di non usarla se non in un senso ben chiaro. La Costituzione sancisce i diritti del lavoro come orientazione democratica, non come programma rivoluzionano. È in sostanza la constatazione di una realtà che è già in cammino. Chi può dubitare che ci troviamo all'avvento di forme economiche nuove? Io le chiamo economia del lavoro. Quando tutti parlano di democrazia economica e sociale oltreché politica, e parlano con Roosevelt di liberazione dal bisogno, ammettono che vi sia una trasformazione dell'ordine economico. Il maggiore degli economisti italiani viventi, il nostro Einaudi, ha scritto che il capitalismo storico è al tramonto. Se altri non vi è, sarò io a dire la grandezza del capitalismo, che ha preso in mano, un secolo fa, un'Europa di pochi milioni di uomini, e ne ha aumentato la popolazione con un ritmo sconosciuto al passato, ed ha diffuso la civiltà sugli altri continenti, ha conquistato i più grandi progressi della scienza e del progresso tecnico, ha creato la grande industria e l'agricoltura intensiva, ha portato il tenore di vita delle masse ad un livello non mai raggiunto, ha preparato le loro vittorie di domani, è stata l'epoca più prospera e gloriosa di tutta la storia. Ma noi non possiamo ancora vivere con le forme di quel tempo. Gli economisti — i migliori — riconoscono che il loro edificio teorico, la scienza creata dall'Ottocento, non regge più sul presupposto di una economia di mercato e di libera concorrenza, che è venuto meno, non soltanto per gli interventi dello Stato, ma in maggior scala per lo sviluppo di tendenze e di monopoli delle imprese private. Quando vedo i neo liberisti, come l'amico Einaudi, proporre tale serie di interventi per assicurare la concorrenza, che qualche volta possono equivalere agli interventi di pianificazione, debbo pur ammettere che molto è mutato. Non pochi vanno affannosamente alla ricerca della terza strada. La troveranno? Non lo so. Questo so: che si avanza la forza storica del lavoro. Non potevamo rifiutarci a questa affermazione. Mazzini diceva che noi tutti un giorno saremo operai; i cattolici hanno il codice di Malines e quello di Camaldoli, dove sono stati stabiliti i principî d'una economia del lavoro. Ho sentito da questa parte (Accenna a destra) chi pur faceva vive critiche: «Se per socialismo si intende un rinnovamento sociale, anche noi siamo socialisti». Allora, perché avremmo dovuto rifiutarci a riconoscere che la nuova Costituzione è basata sul lavoro e sui lavoratori? Parlando di lavoratori, noi intendiamo questo termine nel senso più ampio, cioè comprendente il lavoratore intellettuale, il professionista, lo stesso imprenditore, in quanto è un lavoratore qualificato che organizza la produzione, e non vive, senza lavorare, di monopolî e di privilegi. Sono cieche le correnti degli imprenditori che non rivendicano — se sono ancora in tempo lo dirà la storia — la loro vera funzione ed il titolo glorioso di lavoratori. Perché dobbiamo avere paura del nome e dei diritti del lavoro? Il diritto al lavoro: qui vi sono due opposizioni; una di forma, per il rinvio dell'affermazione al preambolo, ed un'altra che è contro il diritto al lavoro, perché ne ritiene impossibile la garanzia. Vorrei che anche la prima corrente chiarisse bene i suoi propositi, e se è favorevole al principio vedesse di sacrificare lo scrupolo alla sostanza. Si è obbiettato: se proclamate il diritto al lavoro, e non potrete mantenere subito l'impegno, verrà l'esasperazione, per la tradita promessa. Ma l'esasperazione non c'è anche adesso con tutte le dimostrazioni di disoccupati al Viminale? La Costituzione non poteva tacere del diritto al lavoro, e lo ha formulato nel modo più cauto e con grande equilibrio, come vi ha detto l'onorevole Ghidini. Lo Stato riconosce il diritto e promuove le condizioni per attuarlo. Il principio è posto; e va realizzato nei termini concreti e graduali delle possibilità. Dovere del lavoro: l'abbiamo pur qui inteso nel senso più ampio, anche del lavoro intellettuale, e di ogni attività e funzione che concorra allo sviluppo materiale e spirituale della società. Non abbiamo creduto che in una Costituzione nuova come la nostra si potesse dimenticare il motto paolino, che è così cristiano, ma è scritto anche nella Costituzione di Stalin: «Chi non lavora non mangia». E che, si chiede, non si può oggi vivere di rendita? Sì, almeno per ora, ma nessuno può essere inerte redditiero; e deve farsi attivo e compiere qualche lavoro socialmente utile. Vi è poi il diritto all'assistenza: l'onorevole Rubilli ha detto che non è neppur esso un vero e sicuro diritto. Vorrei ricordare quando egli era con noi all'avanguardia della democrazia radicale, in una seduta qui, in questa aula, io che ero allora Sottosegretario di Stato per il lavoro, nel Ministero Orlando, di cui era Ministro del tesoro Nitti, due uomini a cui va riverente la mia gratitudine; rispondevo a Bruno Buozzi, e mostravo gli sforzi, cui presiedevo, di organizzare la previdenza sociale e la sicurezza sociale in tutti i suoi aspetti, di malattia, di infortuni, di vecchiaia; mi pare di vedere ancora Buozzi, alzarsi lì, da quel posto, e dire: «Comincia la nuova fase nella vita sociale italiana». Perché ciò che abbiamo raggiunto non lo dobbiamo mettere nella nostra Costituzione? È un diritto concreto e non soltanto potenziale. Nei rapporti economici hanno il loro posto le norme per l'impresa e la proprietà. Avete ascoltato l'onorevole Basso; anche le correnti estreme ammettono che nell'attuale momento economico si riconosca libertà ed iniziativa alla impresa ed alla proprietà privata. Perché non registrare il principio che non è un compromesso e risponde al fatto economico? L'onorevole Bozzi ha osservato che non si può nello stesso tempo dire libere ed assoggettare a limiti l'impresa e l'iniziativa private. Ma non c'è mai stato un ordinamento di questo mondo dove tutto fosse liberista o tutto comunista. Anche in un regime economicamente libero vi sono dei limiti (e vi sono sempre stati) imposti per legge all'impresa ed alla proprietà privata. I più conservatori ed ortodossi non possono opporsi a quanto è stabilito anche in Costituzioni ormai vecchie. Né han ragione di gridare contro ciò che riguarda il controllo ed il piano economico. Qui ho cercato di influire, perché si tolga una prima espressione che vi era nel progetto: e non penso che per questo io debba essere fucilato. Vi era nel progetto una espressione che diceva: «Ogni attività economica è soggetta a controllo periferico e centrale». La frase poteva essere interpretata in modo eccessivo. Abbiamo messo un articolo che consente di armonizzare e di coordinare le attività economiche, private e pubbliche, a scopi sociali. È in essere la pianificazione? Ma è ormai in atto in tutti i Paesi; e deve essere in base alla legge, e con criteri di elasticità, di guida e direzione più che di coazione totalitaria; lontani dai piani alla russa; e ciò risulta dallo stesso tenore della disposizione. Domando a voi cosa vi è in essa di rivoluzionario o di reazionario; lo domando specialmente ai colleghi che non si spaventano se un metropolitano, dirigendo la circolazione per la strada, ne assicura la vera libertà. Sono lieto d'aver sentito la voce del più anziano fra noi, del più degno di noi, dell'onorevole Orlando, che, levandosi ad interprete della sua generazione, ha ammesso i diritti nuovi del lavoro... Orlando Vittorio Emanuele. Li ho acclamati, non ammessi. Ruini, Presidente della Commissione per la Costituzione. Ciò ha Un significato. Non bisogna che indugiamo più in incertezze. Noi vecchi della democrazia dobbiamo ammettere e far nostro un motto di Jaurès: «Il fiume non rinnega le origini quando vai alla foce». Mi resta di parlare dell'ordinamento, la seconda ed ultima parte della Costituzione. Ne avevano parlato pochi; poi vennero grandi interventi e l'argomento salì alle vette. Vi sono due correnti: Una dice: «Quello che avete fatto è troppo spinto; è addirittura totalitario e rivoluzionario». Un'altra invece: «Siete retrogradi; volete attraversare con un assetto arcaico, di ostacoli e di remore, le vie alla nuova democrazia ed alle conquiste operaie» Potrei rannicchiarmi nel giusto mezzo, e tacere, ma desidero che vediamo insieme come stanno le cose. Stanno da un lato gli istituti dell'800, dall'altro le correnti nuove. Nel secolo scorso, prevalse e raggiunse il suo pieno svolgimento il sistema rappresentativo, parlamentare, di Gabinetto. Ne ho appreso dai libri di Orlando le caratteristiche essenziali. Ho poi visto come è sorto storicamente questo tipo di Governo di Gabinetto in Inghilterra, dove la Corona che aveva ceduto al Parlamento pel potere legislativo, teneva ancora l'esecutivo; ma uno dei goffi e squilibrati re di Hannover, non sapendo l'inglese, non partecipò più al Consiglio dei Ministri, ed il Governo passò effettivamente a questo Consiglio, che, venne designato dalla fiducia del Parlamento. Se ben guardiamo, il Governo parlamentare è un arco lanciato fra due piloni; uno di questi è la sovranità popolare, l'altro era la sovranità regia: il re per grazia di Dio e per volontà della Nazione. Quando il sistema si trasportò nel continente, in Francia, e cadde con la monarchia uno dei piloni, vennero meno le linee del compromesso storico, e le cose cominciarono ad andare con minore semplicità. Poincaré, che in uno scritto assai noto constatava aver il Presidente della Repubblica francese in sua mano tutti i poteri occorrenti, dové poi, quando divenne Presidente, accorgersi che le cose non andavano così; e fu per pungere Poincaré che Clemenceau disse una delle sue boutades: vi sono due cose inutili al mondo, la prostata ed il Presidente della Repubblica francese. (Si ride). Insomma: caduto uno dei piloni, occorre adattare questo regime in clima di Repubblica e di democrazia. Dall'altra parte vi sono correnti e forme nuove. Si erano manifestate dapprima contro il Parlamento con un sistema di sovieti o consigli a catena, che avevano in sé il triplice potere: legislativo, giudiziario, amministrativo. Venne in seguito accolto anche nella Costituzione russa il Parlamento, sia pure col nome di Consiglio, e con l'infrastruttura effettiva di un partito unico e di un potere concentrato in un capo. Nei paesi occidentali si delineano le forme nuove, nel senso che attingendo decisamente ed esclusivamente alle fonti della sovranità popolare, si fanno forti di essa e sostengono: la sovranità popolare è una e non può essere delegata che ad un solo organo: l'Assemblea. Tutti gli altri organi, Presidente della Repubblica, Governo, Magistratura, amministrazione, non sono che commessi ed agenti di esecuzione. Ogni mandato ed ogni delegazione è revocabile ad nutum. Questa la teoria estrema, che si è fatta avanti nei dibattiti della Costituente francese. Ne ho sentito qualche eco qui, specialmente nel discorso di un giovane che ha fatto un così brillante debutto: l'onorevole Laconi. Egli dichiara che non vi devono essere divisione di poteri né congegni di contrappesi e bilance; anzi si spinge molto in là e non vuole che vi sia nessun organo ausiliario e di controllo; mentre la teoria più raffinata di questa scuola ammette che vi siano corpi consultivi, Consigli legislativi, Consigli economici, controlli di amministrazione, a fianco dell'Assemblea, cui restano in ogni modo tutti i poteri, perché, se non è direttamente sovrana, è l'unica delegata della sovranità popolare. Si sostiene che in regime democratico non vi debbono essere cheks and balances; ma esistono negli Stati Uniti d'America, in Isvizzera, e non possono essere abbandonati senz'altro, a cuor leggero. Nella tempesta che noi attraversiamo non abbiamo creduto di abbandonare lo schermo del Governo parlamentare e di Gabinetto, che ha dato la libertà nell'800; ma abbiamo sentito la necessità di inserirlo nel quadro della Repubblica, di mettere meglio le sue radici nella sovranità popolare, senza avventurarci in forme di Governo d'Assemblea, che non hanno fatto buona prova, e non sono capaci di funzionare, come non può funzionare il Governo diretto di popolo. Se forme nuove potranno venire, sono per ora oscure. Intanto non si poteva fare altro che quello che la Commissione ha cercato di fare: ma abbiamo avuto un attacco veramente leonino da Orlando... Orlando Vittorio Emanuele. Non lo avete fatto. Ruini, Presidente della Commissione per la Costituzione. All'onorevole Orlando è sfuggita la frase: Costituzione totalitaria. Orlando Vittorio Emanuele. Totalitaria vuol dire con un solo organo sovrano. Ruini, Presidente della Commissione per la Costituzione. Totalitaria vuol dire, nel linguaggio corrente, molte cose; ed è stata intesa in senso diverso dal suo. Certo è, ad ogni modo, che la sua tesi è il contrapposto dell'altra, che denuncia il nostro progetto come conservatore e retrogrado; siepe contro le forze operaie. Giudizio dell'onorevole Orlando, accennato anche prima dall'onorevole Nitti, è che si danno troppi poteri all'Assemblea. Opinione degli onorevoli Nenni e Togliatti è che vi sono troppi diaframmi, troppe barriere e non si dà via libera all'Assemblea. Tratterò di questo argomento, affrontando con tutta riverenza gli argomenti di un Maestro come Orlando. Ha parlato del Parlamento, del Capo dello Stato, della Corte costituzionale. Ha cominciato con due rilievi sul Parlamento, che egli stesso ha detto minori. Ci ha accusato di avere svalutato la iniziativa legislativa, dandola a 50.000 elettori. Ma anche negli ordinamenti passati la iniziativa legislativa la poteva avere un solo deputato. Ed allora perché non concederla a 50.000 elettori? La proposta di una legge non si identifica col referendum, ma si collega all'idea di risalire, non per le sole elezioni, alle forze vive ed originarie del popolo. Vi è nel referendum un filone della nostra Costituzione, un lato nuovo, che attinge alle fonti della sovranità popolare; e che contrasta con le sue stesse armi alla tesi dell'unico governo d'Assemblea. La novità non è certo pericolosa, nell'uso equilibrato che ne fa il progetto; e che prego l'onorevole Orlando di tener presente, per temperare il rilievo di totalitarismo. Secondo rilievo dell'onorevole Orlando: avete impicciolito Parlamento e Ministri con un certo articolo che dice che questi possono presentarsi all'Assemblea e devono rispondere se interrogati. Ma ciò vi era anche nei vecchi ordinamenti dello Stato; e si riferisce espressamente al caso che i Ministri non siano Deputati; così che si tratta non di umiliarli, ma di ammetterli nella vita del Parlamento. L'argomento più grave, l'onorevole Orlando lo ha detto in forma drastica: voi avete espulso il Capo dello Stato dal Parlamento. È la formula classica del re nel Parlamento che si dovrebbe applicare al Presidente della Repubblica. Conferirgli la sanzione, non la sola promulgazione
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时总能对其进行更新. TrackedSymbols->Automatic(被跟踪的符号 -> 自动)这个设置可用来只跟踪那些明确(词汇上)出现在 Refresh 的第一个自变量给出的表达式里的符号. 例如,如果你使用一个函数,它依赖于一个不在 Refresh 里面词汇上出现的全局变量,这个全局变量的值的变化不会引起更新,而在一般情况下是会的. Refresh 也能用来以有规律的时间间隔引起更新. 重要的是要明白这不 是一个应该被轻易使用的特性. 对于 Dynamic 的设计很基本的一点是它不需要以一个固定的时刻表来更新,因为它总是在有益时就会立即更新. 但是有些情况下,这或者不能发生,或者只是不幸地没有发生. 一个可能会使人伤脑筋的情况是 RandomReal. 每一次你计算 RandomReal[](随机实数 []),你都得到一个不同的答案,你也许就会认为 Dynamic[RandomReal[]](动态[随机实数 []])因此应该不停地尽快地更新自己. 但是在一般情况下这不会很有用,而且实际上会对一些在内部使用随机性的算法有负面的后果(例如,一个在 Dynamic 里面的 Monte Carlo 积分很可能不应该不停地更新,因为事实上它会每次给出一个稍微有些不同的答案). 由于这个原因,从它不触发更新的意义上讲,RandomReal[] 并不是"过分敏感"的,如果你希望看到新的随机数,你必须使用 Refresh 来指定输出更新频度. 另外一个不过分敏感的函数的例子是文件系统的操作. |Out[17]=| |Out[1]=| 一个不大可能的事情是,含有课堂助手面板的文件的大小发生变化,这时 Dynamic 将不会被更新. 如果你希望监控一个文件的大小,你需要使用 Refresh 来指定一个询问间隔. (在足够高级的操作系统上,理论上 Mathematica 是可能有效地接收文件系统活动的通知的,未来的 Mathematica 的版本实际上也许会自动地更新这样的表达式. 就和其它的 Dynamic 表达式一样,自动纠正总是目标.) 最后,几个你也许认为会触发动态更新的函数而实际上都不会:例如, DateList(日期列单)和 AbsoluteTime (绝对时间). 就像 RandomReal 一样,让这些函数自动触发更新反倒会带来麻烦,并不值得. 并且 Refresh 能简单地用来创建时钟似的对象. Clock(时钟)是有意以时间为基础设计的"过分敏感" 的函数. |Out[19]=| 套刷新 在"刷新" 这一节的例子中,Refresh 总是 Dynamic 里面的最外层函数. 你也许会感到疑惑为什么它的选项不就是 Dynamic 的选项. 但实际上把 Refresh 放在表达式里尽可能深的层次往往很重要,尤其是当它指定一个基于时间的更新间隔的时候. |Out[20]=| 当复选框被选时,Refresh 引起频繁的时钟更新,消耗 CPU 时间来保持最新状态. 然而,当复选框没有被选时,计算不再延伸到 Refresh 表达式,输出保持静态,所以没有 CPU 时间消耗. 如果 Refresh 被用在 Dynamic 里面的整个表达式上,CPU 时间会被不断地消耗,即使时钟没有被显示. "No clock"这些字会毫无意义地不断地被更新. (这个更新是看不见的;显示屏不会闪,但是 CPU 时间仍然被消耗.) 套动态 Dynamic 表达式是可以套的,并且系统只是在必要时才很谨慎地更新它们. 特别是当 Dynamic 的内容包含进一步的人机互动元素时,跟踪在一个给定的变量改变时,什么会持续静态什么会更新是很重要的. |Out[21]=| 第一个滑块的位置决定在它下面的滑块的个数,而那些滑块的每一个都依次和一个数据列表里的一个元素值相联系. 因为滑块的个数是可变的,并且相应第一个滑块的位置动态地变化,产生它们的表格需要在 Dynamic 里面. 这个例子是可行的,但是现在假设你希望把列单里的每一个数字的值显示在它的滑块旁边. |Out[22]=| 现在每当你点击下面的一个滑块,它只移动一步,然后停止. 这里的问题是在表格里第二列中的 表达式在外层 Dynamic 中产生一个对 data 里的值的依赖. 一旦 data 改变了,外层 Dynamic 的内容,包括你试图拖拉的滑块,就被销毁并被一个几乎相同的复本替代(其中 的一个数据的显示值已经被改变了). 换一句话讲,拖拉滑块的行为销毁了它,避免任何进一步的活动. |Out[23]=| 现在你可以拖拉任何滑块来看动态更新的数值. 这之所以可行是因为外层 Dynamic 现在仅仅依赖于 的值,滑块的个数,而不是依赖于 data 的值. (严密地说,这是因为 Dynamic 是 HoldFirst(先保持):当它被计算时,它的第一自变量里的表达式从来都没有被触动,所以没有注册任何依赖性.) 在使用多级的套 Dynamic 表达式建立大的,复杂的界面时,这都是需要牢记在心的重要问题. 即使在最复杂的情况下,Mathematica 都努力做到恰到好处. 例如, Manipulate 的输出由一组高度复杂的相互联系的套的 Dynamic 表达式组成:如果依赖性的跟踪系统不正确地工作,Manipulate 不会正常工作. 同步与异步动态计算 Mathematica 由两个单独的进程组成,前端和内核. 这在计算机科学的语言上讲是真正单独的进程:两个独立的执行线程,拥有单独的存储空间,并在一个 CPU 任务监视器里分别显示. 前端和内核通过几个 MathLink 连接互相交流,称为主要连接,抢先式连接(preemptive link),和服务连接. 主要的和抢先式连接是前端能给内核发送计算要求,内核能做出回应的途径. 服务连接是反向工作,由内核向前端发送要求. 主要连接被用于 Shift+Enter 计算. 前端保持一个等待执行的计算请求的队列,并通过该连接发送. 当你对一个或多个输入单元使用 Shift+Enter 时,它们都被加入到这个队列中,然后一个个地被处理. 在任何一个时刻,内核只知道一个主要连接计算,即那个它当前正在进行的计算(如果有的话). 同时,前端保持完全功能;你可以打字,打开和储存文件,等等. 通常情况下一个主要连接的计算需要多长时间并没有一个任意的限制. 人们经常要做需要几天才能完成的计算. 在前端能发送一个计算并能得到一个答复这个意义上讲,抢先式连接是以和主要连接相同的方式工作的,但是它在两端的管理却大不相同. 在前端这一边,抢先式连接是用来处理正常的 Dynamic 更新. 没有队列;相反,前端一次发送一个计算并且直到等到结果之后才继续它其它的工作. 所以把抢先式连接计算限制到最多一两秒钟很重要. 在任何一个抢先式连接计算的过程中,前端是完全被锁住的,任何打字或其它的活动都是不可能的. 在内核这一边,来自抢先式连接的计算请求比从来自主要连接的,包括当前正在运行的主要连接的计算(如果有的话)有优先权. 如果内核在处理一个主要连接计算时,进来一个抢先式连接计算请求,主要连接的计算会在一个安全的地方停下来(通常在几个微秒之内). 然后抢先式连接的计算开始运行直到完成,在这之后主要连接的计算重新开始并且允许如以前一样继续. 净效果和一个线程机制相似,尽管不是完全相同的. 多个快速的抢先式连接计算能够在一个单一的,长的,缓慢的主要连接计算的过程中执行,给人一个内核在同时处理几个问题的印象. 抢先式连接计算能改变变量的值,包括那些被同时运行的主要连接计算所使用的变量. 这里并不会产生矛盾,并且交错(interleave)是以一种完全安全的方式完成的,尽管它可能在你明白这是怎么回事之前会产生些相当奇怪的行为. |Out[24]=| 然后计算这个命令,并且在它完成所需要的十秒钟之内任意地拖拉滑块. |Out[25]=| 你不会看到任何事情发生(除了滑块移动之外),但是当第二个计算结束时,你将看到它已经记录了 的十个不同的值,代表了在计算 以建立列表的十个点上滑块恰好所处的位置. Dynamic 通常使用抢先式连接来作它的计算. 计算是同步的,并且前端被锁住直到它完成为止. 这在有些情况下是不可避免的,但在其它情况下可能是次优的. 通过设置 SynchronousUpdating->False (同步更新 -> 假)选项,你能告诉前端使用主要连接的队列,而不是抢先式连接. 前端然后显示一个灰色框子的占位器直到它收到从内核来的回答为止. 在下面这种情况下,默认的(同步的)更新是合适的,因为前端需要知道计算 Dynamic[x] 的结果来用正确的字体大小绘画. |Out[26]=| 这里,输出单元在第二个动态表达式完成之前就被画出. 一个灰色框的占位器持续一秒钟直到获知结果. 重新计算这个例子来再一次看到那个灰色框. |Out[125]=| 点击滑块会以一到十秒钟之间的时间延迟更新显示. 注意单元括号轮是加重的,就像单元是在用 Shift+Enter 计算一样. 这表示计算是列队的,在计算正在进行时你能在前端继续其它的工作. 当可能在 Dynamic 次表达式的周围画一个屏并在之后填充它们的数值时,异步更新对显示完全的 Dynamic 次表达式是有用的,这同一个网页浏览器在一个图像周围画文字然后在图像完成下载之后再把它插入是很一样的. 为什么不总是使用异步 Dynamic 表达式呢?有几个原因. 第一,它们被排成队列,所以按定义在另一个 Shift+Enter 计算在进行中时它们不运行. 对正常的(同步的)更新情况不是这样. |Out[126]=| 同时,为了对鼠标的移动有反应许多控件也需要是同步的. 使它们异步可能导致和其它控件奇怪的互动. |Out[3]=| 迅速地移动滑块,你将有一个突变的,扭曲的正弦波,因为 的数值在对 Table 命令的计算过程中改变了. 这是正确的,预料之中的行为,但是这很可能不是你所希望的. 如果你用同步的 Dynamic 表达式这个问题就不会发生了,一般情况下这个问题不会对 DynamicModule 局部变量发生,也可以通过在开始异步计算之前把任何可能变化的变量的值存储到第二个变量中来避免其发生. |Out[33]=| ControlActive 和 SynchronousUpdating→Automatic 作为一个一般的规则,如果你有一个 Dynamic,目的是对一个滑块或其它的连续动作控件进行互动的反应,那么它应该能够在一秒钟以下,最好是远小于一秒钟内完成计算. 如果计算需要的时间比这长,你将不会得到令人满意的互动效果,无论是 Dynamic 是同步地还是异步地更新. 但是如果你有一个例子它就是不能足够快地完成计算,然而你希望能使它对一个滑块进行反应,这个情况下该怎么办呢?一个选择是使用异步更新并接受你不会得到实时的互动效果的事实. 如果那是你希望做的,在滑块或其它控件里设置 ContinuousAction->False(连续行动 -> 假)是一个好主意;这样在控件被释放之后你只得到一个更新,避免在你到达你想停止的值之前,在一个拖拉进行的过程中开始一个可能会很长的计算. 单元括号只是在你释放了滑块之后才加重轮,表示有计算活动. |Out[34]=| 另一个更好的解决办法是在互动的控件拖拉运行的过程中提供一个某种形式的快速计算的预演,然后在滑块被释放时计算全部的,缓慢的输出. 有这么几个特性是专门支持这一点的. 第一个是函数 ControlActive(控件激活),如果一个控件当前被拖拉,它返回它的第一自变量,如果不是,就返回它的第二自变量. 不像 Dynamic,ControlActive 是一个普通的函数,它在内核中计算,立即返回它的一个或另一个自变量. 它能被套在函数或选项值里. 第二个特性是对 Dynamic 的选项设置 SynchronousUpdating->Automatic(同步更新的 -> 自动),这使得 Dynamic 在一个滑块被拖拉时同步,在滑块被释放时异步. 在一起使用,这两个特性能用来在一个滑块被拖拉时执行一个迅速的,同步更新的显示,在滑块被释放时执行一个稍慢的,异步更新的显示. |Out[35]=| 一个简单的数字在滑块被拖拉时同步地显示,在它被释放时,一个图像异步地产生. |Out[36]=| 这个例子显出无论最后的显示需要多长的时间来计算前端都能保持有反应,并且预演和最后的显示可以是完全不一样的. 当然,在绝大多数情况下,你会希望预演是最终显示的某种缩小的,稀释的,骨架的,或其它省略的形式. 这样这个粗的形式能够足够快地给出一个平滑的预演,并且,最后版本的计算,即使需要花一些时间,不会妨碍前端. 实际上,这个行为非常有用以至于它是 Plot3D 和其它画图函数中的默认行为. 这里显示了一个三维图形,在滑块被拖拉时只有少数目的画图点,当滑块被释放时图形用大量的画图点来使它变得精致. |Out[37]=| 默认下,Plot3D 产生一个相似的预演,尽管没有那么极端的质量区分范围. |Out[38]=| 你也许已经注意到一个细微的地方. 在以上的三个例子中的任意一个的输出被第一次放到笔记本里时,你看到一个粗画出的(控件激活状态)版本,这之后很快接着一个更精炼的(控件非激活)版本. 这是故意的:系统在提供一个快速的预演使得你看见一些结果而不是只看见一个灰色的长方形. 第一个更新是同步地完成的,就如一个控件在被拖拉一样. 这个预演-计算的行为在下一节中被更详细地视察. Dynamic 中的 ImageSizeCache (图象尺寸隐存)是对 Dynamic 的一个选项,它指定一个用来显示值还没有被计算的 Dynamic 的矩形的尺寸. 一般它不在输入中指定,相反是由前端自动地产生并且和 Dynamic 表达式一起保存在文件中. ControlActive、SynchronousUpdating 和 的互动微妙,复杂,而且很有用. 前两个结构在 "ControlActive and SynchronousUpdating→Automatic" 中已作解释. 其余的部分在这里解释. 首先注意带有 SynchronousUpdating->True(同步更新 -> 真)这个默认数值的 Dynamic 表达式永远不会有机会使用它们的 的选项的数值,因为它们总是在被显示之前被计算,而一旦被计算,就会用实际的图像尺寸. 另一方面,带有 SynchronousUpdating->False(同步更新 -> 假)的 Dynamic 表达式会在它们被第一次计算时显示成一个灰色的矩形. 这种情况下,矩形的尺寸是由 选项的值决定的. 这使得笔记本周围的内容被画在正确的地方,以至在 Dynamic 完成更新时,没有任何不必要的闪和笔记本内容的移动. (HTML 的用户会认出这是和 标签的宽度和高度参数相类似的.) 一般不必要明确地指定 选项,因为一旦 Dynamic 的值被成功计算,系统就会自动地设置. (对计算结果进行测量,并将实际的尺寸复制到 选项里.)如果 Dynamic 输出被保存在一个文件中,这个被自动计算的数值会被保留. |Out[40]=| 在输入表达式被计算时,一个小的灰色的矩形出现;因为这个 Dynamic 从未被计算过,没有对它的合适的图像尺寸的隐存,所以用了一个默认的尺寸. 三秒钟之后,结果出来,动态输出被显示了. 在这个时候,就有了一个实际的尺寸,并被复制到 选项中. 你能
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da ipersensibilità da contatto all’amalgama e lichen planus orale. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003;95:291-9. Torgerson RR, Davis MD, Bruce AJ, Farmer SA, Rogers RS 3rd. Allergia da contatto nella malattia orale. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;57:315-21. Wright J. Diagnosi e gestione delle reazioni lichenoidi orali. J Calif Denta Assoc. 2007 Jun;35(6);412-6. A proposito dell’autore Nancy Burkhart, RDH, EdD, è professore associato aggiunto nel Dipartimento di Parodontologia al Baylor College of Dentistry e Texas A & M Health Science Center di Dallas. Nancy è anche co-conduttrice dell’International Oral Lichen Planus Support Group di Baylor (www.bcd.tamhsc.edu/lichen). È coautrice di General and Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, pubblicato da Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (2007). Nancy presenta seminari su argomenti di patologia orale a livello nazionale. Può essere contattata all’indirizzo [email protected] . Toxic chemicals are not just a part of the industries. Today, they are present in our very own homes and threatening us with serious consequences to our health. Some of the most common toxic agents found at home are: painkillers, cosmetics and household cleaning agents. These are found to be 200 to 500 times more carcinogenic than external chemicals. Toxins commonly found in the living rooms are furniture polish and glass cleaners. In the kitchen we have dishwasher detergent and oven cleaner. Not withstanding, the kitchen sponge and cloth. In the bathrooms, bath tubs are laden with teams of microorganisms. Cleaners, air fresheners and laundry detergents are the other toxic agents. Weed killers and coolants are the toxic agents in the garage. Though all of us are affected, the most sensitive ones to these toxic chemicals are the youngest ones - infants in the family. As a precaution, use natural cleaning agents such as vinegar, baking soda, olive oil and bees wax as alternatives. Senfoni Konsertant Terimi Hakkında Bilgiler Müzik-Dans Terimi Olarak Senfoni Konsertant: İki ya da üç solist için yazılmış konçerto. Konsertant senfoni. Benzer Müzik-Dans Terimleri: Partisyon: 1- Bir müzik yapıtının partilerinin belirtildiği nota yazısı; tüm çalgı partilerinin ortak porte çizgisinde, aynı hizada yazılmış biçimini içeren büyü İzlenim: Bir durum veya olayın duyular yolu ile insan üzerinde bıraktığı etki. Porte Üzerindeki Ek Çizgiler: Portenin dışına taşan yani birinci çizgiden önce veya beşinci çizgiden sonra yazılması gereken notaları yazmak için çizilen çizgilerdir. Decrescendo: Sesi söndürerek ses gürlüğünü giderek hafifletme. Gitgide hafifleyerek ve ses yoğunluğunu düşürerek. Sesi gittikçe sönükleştirerek. Amabile(İt.): Sevimli, okşayıcı. Lustig (Alm.): Keyifli, neşeli. Lyra: Eski Yunanların kullandığı kitharis şeklinde bir tür mızraplı saz. Lyra bugün kullanılmakta olan yaylı sazların atalarından biridir. Anonim (İng. Anonym ): Yazarının bilinmediği yazı ya da bestecisinin belirlenmediği müzik parçaları. Short-term loan is provided by the bankfor a short period of time, the amount of money given on terms of urgency, pay and return. As a rule, contracts with borrowers stipulate the period for which the loan is to be repaid, and the interest rate, and the conditions for lending to individuals differ from the principles of the work of banking institutions with the population. Currently, short-term bank loans aimed at financing enterprises are divided into single loans, overdrafts and loans in the form of a non-revolving or renewable credit line. Pledge: Private companies can get short-termcommercial loan, providing the banking institution with a pledge of liquid assets, the sale of which in the event of non-payment of money taken from the creditor can cover the amount owed to the bank. As a pledge, firms can use residential or commercial real estate, vehicles and land, specialized equipment and equipment, money contributed to the deposit, goods in circulation. Overdraft: The overdraft offered by bank offices -this is a short-term loan issued to enterprises to cover the temporary shortage of working capital used by the company in national currency so that the company can perform current settlements. Currently, the overdraft is provided by paying payment documents over the balance of funds on the current account of the company, within the originally agreed amount. And the overdraft is repaid at the expense of all money resources arriving on the current account of the enterprise-client. To receive an overdraft can expectCommercial companies with an unblemished credit history. The meaning of this type of short-term loan is that the banking institution replenishes the amount insufficient for the payment of the client's account in the situation, if there is less money on the current accounts of the organization than is necessary for payment. Moreover, the financial institution's funds are transferred directly to the beneficiary's current account, the name of which is indicated in the payment documentation, and not to the account of the enterprise that is the client of this bank. Overdraft is usually repaid in automaticthe order at the time the funds are credited to the client account, and the terms of such a type of lending are clearly prescribed in contracts signed by the borrower and the lender. As a rule, the overdraft service is based on the trust relationship between the client company and the representative of the bank, so the borrower does not need to make out loan agreements every time the firm lacks funds. Loans for replenishment of working capital: Short-term credit is granted to firms forfull-fledged financing of ongoing economic activities. Due to loans, raw materials, various materials can be purchased for the production of finished products, wholesale purchases of all kinds of goods, the purpose of which is their subsequent resale. Credit line: Quite often a short-term loan for commercialorganizations are issued through the opening of a credit line. In this case, money is given to the client in the form of separate tranches over a specific period of time, within the limits originally stipulated in the contract, and no special additional negotiations are required. Non-renewable credit line isa type of lending, when within a limit set by a banking institution, a commercial organization receives tranches for a specific amount, pre-registered in the contract. In the case of opening a renewable line, the customer's enterprise receives cash tranches, and after they have fully repaid, they can receive new cash loans within the established limit and on the conditions set forth in the loan agreement. "Whoa. Be careful, you're with folks who are only one generation removed from some Dallas Cowboys fans." He laughs. "Callas Dowboys, huh?" I look at him quizzingly. "What....wait, did I just say that?" And I look to someone else in the room who nods. He says it again, but the way I had sounded - Callous Dowelboys!! Well, from here the conversation turned to how he might wish to use my new phrase sometime in the future. In the meantime, I'm still trying to think it and say it correctly.....and having a hard time. I am, however, able to laugh at myself. One of the things which came to mind was a post I wrote last summer - Watch It, Smartie Pants. What we are talking about is Apraxia of Speech, also known as verbal apraxia or dyspraxia, which is very mild in my case. It is a speech disorder in which a person has trouble saying what he or she wants to say correctly and consistently, but is not due to weakness or paralysis of the speech muscles. Here is a bit of what the National Institute on Deafness and other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) has to say about symptoms - "People with either form of apraxia of speech [acquired or developmental] may have a number of different speech characteristics, or symptoms. One of the most notable symptoms is difficulty putting sounds and syllables together in the correct order to form words. Longer or more complex words are usually harder to say than shorter or simpler words. People with apraxia of speech also tend to make inconsistent mistakes when speaking. For example, they may say a difficult word correctly but then have trouble repeating it, or they may be able to say a particular sound one day and have trouble with the same sound the next day. People with apraxia of speech often appear to be groping for the right sound or word, and may try saying a word several times before they say it correctly. Another common characteristic of apraxia of speech is the incorrect use of "prosody" -- that is, the varying rhythms, stresses, and inflections of speech that are used to help express meaning."There are other types of Apraxia as are outlined by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) - - Buccofacial or orofacial apraxia (the inability to carry out facial movements on command such as licking lips, whistling, coughing, or winking) - Limb-kinetic apraxia (the inability to make fine, precise movements with an arm or leg) - Ideomotor apraxia (the inability to make the proper movement in response to a verbal command) - Ideational apraxia (the inability to coordinate activities with multiple, sequential movements, such as dressing, eating, and bathing) - Verbal apraxia (difficulty coordinating mouth and speech movements) - Constructional apraxia (the inability to copy, draw, or construct simple figures) - Oculomotor apraxia (difficulty moving the eyes on command) In the meantime, there'll be no cheering in this house for any Callous Dowelboys, or Cowless Cowboys, or Dallas Dollboys, or whatever!!! The complex world of Covid-19 vaccine trials explained. SOMEWHERE IN THE DEEP UNEXPLORED depths of Madagascar, an unknown herb is probably on its way to becoming a global panacea for the pandemic. This is Africa, a continent ripe with possibilities, where you cannot rule out that a cure for Covid-19 could perhaps come from nature itself. Just like Madagascar, currently touting Artemisia Afra (umhlonyane in Nguni languages and previously used as an ingredient for treating malaria) as a potential cure for Covid-19, bigger economies like South Africa are also looking to the botanical world for answers. Its national Department of Basic Education has reassigned R15 million ($960,982) of its budget on Covid-19 interventions such as Artemisia. Nigeria has also made a move towards a more homeopathic approach, as a ministerial committee has been put in place to further examine the potential natural compounds hold in combating the Covid-19 pandemic. But the focus of this story is exploring humanity’s race to uncover a universal vaccine – or any cure – that can assuage a health crisis confronting the entire world. Currently, there are over 60 possible vaccines the world over being put through the paces. Of these, only nine are in the third phase of trials. The road to finding a Covid-19 vaccine since the start of the pandemic this year has been long and arduous. For the layperson, desperate to see an effective vaccine come online soon, the deluge of news on vaccine trials can seem complex. This article will discern the facts around them. In comparison to its European and American counterparts, Africa has seen a relatively lower rate of virus spread and a lower death rate. As of November 11, Africa accounted for 3.7% of the world’s total number of cases; and southern Africa the worst hit with over 800,000 cases. Scientists are yet to definitively map out the effects of the Covid-19 virus and its ability to recur within individuals who have had it before. Fear of public spaces and physical interactions have become the norm. Face masks and sanitizing products have become staples in every handbag and car cubbyhole. Put simply, a clinical trial is a series of phases within an experiment being conducted to test a new drug, type of therapy or new medical device. It also looks at the efficacy of pre-existing medical interventions in the treatment of numerous illnesses and different types of patients. Clinical trials can be performed on both healthy and ill participants. There are a number of protocols and regulations that accompany a clinical trial to ensure that the wellbeing of the participant is maintained as far as possible. It ensures that the benefits of the medical intervention being tested outweigh the risks and each phase of a trial plays a part in testing this. Clinical trials usually happen in four phases. Before these phases occur, a preclinical test is done. Each phase needs to produce a favorable result in order for the next phase to be conducted. In order for a medical intervention to get to the stage of manufacturing and distribution, all four phases need to have occurred successfully. The success of each phase is measured by the number of medically adverse events that have occurred as a result of the medical intervention being tested. These adverse events include mild to serious medical side-effects that have occurred to the participants of the trial. Dr. Sinead Delany-Moretlwe, Director of Research at the Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute in Johannesburg, South Africa explains how innovations made with expediting the clinical trials for the Covid-19 vaccine could reshape how clinical trials are done across the board. She has also been the lead on HPTN 084, an injectable form of an antiretroviral (ARV) used to prevent HIV in women in sub-Saharan Africa. The frantic search for a Covid-19 vaccine is being closely watched by every country on earth. At the time of going to press mid-November, there were currently 51 trials between Phases I and III of the clinical trials. When they will be available to all is a question on everyone’s mind. South Africa’s Health Minister, talking to FORBES AFRICA about vaccine manufacturers, says: “Collaboration across global institutions has led to the transfer of technology and therefore new developments and new discoveries in combating the pandemic.” In an interview with Aspen Pharmacare CEO and founder, Stephen Saad, he highlights to FORBES AFRICA the need for efficient manufacturing and distribution channels for the vaccine, once it becomes available. Aspen recently partnered with Johnson & Johnson for their vaccine Ad26.COV2-S(now known as JNJ-78436735). This partnership will see the manufacturing and distribution capacity of Johnson & Johnson increase significantly. Saad explains that Aspen uses just 40% of their current manufacturing capacity for their own products and the other 60% was available for use. “Covid-19 is prevalent everywhere. We were very committed to trying to find a partner that would use our capabilities to be able to provide a vaccine,” says Saad. At the heart of the partnership is the transfer of technology as Johnson & Johnson share their protocols and blueprint for creating the vaccine so they are able to manufacture it once it has passed Phase III trials. “We are very pleased because Johnson & Johnson have made big commitments to distribute their vaccine universally, so they’ve made commitments through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and to their own public statements about offering up 500 million doses to the developing world,” says Saad. The manufacturing site in Port Elizabeth in South Africa’s Eastern Cape province will be utilized in this partnership where as many as 300 million doses can be produced and this is expected to begin the second quarter of next year should the Ad26.COV2-S proves successful. “So much depends on the trials and the success of these trials,” says Saad. Aspen, having been linked to the success of the steroid Dexamethasone, and now as a vaccine frontrunner, have proven their reputation as a pharmaceutical powerhouse. With an investment of R3 billion ($194 million) into their “sterile site”, Saad is confident. “There’s not a lot of companies that can manufacture on this scale,” he says. Saad recognizes the urgency for a vaccine. “Our first and only priority right now is to get the product out to the world and our focus is on the job that we have to do very quickly over the next period.” Currently, the only African country involved in the trial phases of these vaccines has been South Africa across different sites. Progress is being made by Oxford University as they await final clearance to begin trials in Kenya and the Uganda Virus Research Institute is aiming to collaborate with the Imperial College London and begin trials in Uganda in December. Historically, only 2% of all vaccine trials have occurred on the African continent, according to a report in The Lancet. Despite being no stranger to viral outbreaks, Africa as a whole is often excluded from the vaccine process and as such there is a severe lack of understanding of the African context when trialing a potential vaccine or medical intervention. There are several factors that could possibly hinder the efficient and comprehensive administration of a Covid-19 vaccine when it eventually becomes available. Accessibility to the vaccine is seen as a key issue, particularly within developing countries. While there are several initiatives such as the investments made by Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations as well as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, African countries are still amongst the last buyers of any possible vaccine that emerges. There is surely light at the end of the tunnel but it may be a while before a cure will finally see the light of day. By JEFF DONN and MITCH WEISS Associated Press Writers Leading environmental groups and a U.S. senator on Wednesday called on the government to pay closer attention to more than 27,000 abandoned oil and gas wells in the Gulf of Mexico and take action to keep them from leaking even more crude into water already tainted by the massive BP spill. The calls for action follow an Associated Press investigation that found federal regulators do not typically inspect plugging of these offshore wells or monitor for leaks afterward. Yet tens of thousands of oil and gas wells are improperly plugged on land, and abandoned wells have sometimes leaked offshore too, state and federal regulators acknowledge. Melanie Duchin, a spokeswoman with Greenpeace, said she was "shell-shocked" by the AP report and upset that government wasn't "doing a thing to make sure they weren't leaking." Of 50,000 wells drilled over the past six decades in the Gulf, 23,500 have
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传到了西藏。 文成公主的西藏侍从侍女和公主本人将先进的纺织、刺、女工传授给当地妇女,促进了藏族纺织的发展。 文成公主还把唐朝先进的汉文化带入藏族,藏族人开始学习汉字,极大地促进了藏族文化的发展。 文成公主进军西藏,提高了藏族农业生产力,学习了先进农具的制造、先进的农业生产技术,也提供了藏族金水平。 在藏族的纺织技术、文字运用、酒制造、建筑、造纸等方面做出了巨大的贡献。 西藏领导人为迎接公主举行隆重的迎接仪式,表达西藏与唐朝和平相处的愿望。 文成公主进藏的意义主要体现在促进藏族地区生产发展保持汉藏之间的美好友谊同时将藏族文化传递给汉族。 "مگر می شود عقل کسی را دزدید؟" اگر یادتان باشد، هفتۀ پیش اشاره ای کردم به کتاب "مکالمات خیالی" از "والتر سَوِج لًندور" (Walter Savage Landor)، شاعر و نویسندۀ انگلیسی. حالا این هفته هوس کرده ام که خودم یک مکالمۀ خیالی بنویسم بین "هیتلر" رهبر نازیهای آلمان و "پطروس" قدّیس، دربان بهشت. هیتلر که بعد از پیروزی "متفقین" تازه خودکشی کرده است و به آن دنیا رفته است، خودش را به در بهشت می رساند و از پطروس اجازۀ ورود می خواهد. گوش می دهیم، ببینیم چی می گویند: هیتلر: آخر برای چی مرا به بهشت راه نمی دهید؟ پطروس: اگر بهشتی می بودی، حتماً راهت می دادم. با این جنایتهایی که کرده ای، انتظار داری بیایی توی بهشت؟ واقعاً که! هیتلر: من؟ جنایت؟ چه حرفها! من در تمام عمرم آزارم به یک مورچه هم نرسیده است! پطروس: تا آنجایی که من خبر دارم، آن هم از منابع موثّق، در جنگ وحشیانۀ تو پنجاه تا هفتاد میلیون آدم کشته شدند. هیتلر: فرمودید جنگ من؟ یعنی من یکنفره، در یک جنگ یکنفره، پنجاه تا هفتاد میلیون آدم کشته ام؟ شما که خودتان بیست قرن پیش روی زمین زندگی کرده بودید، باید حساب دستتان باشد! چه طور باور می کنید که یک نفر آدم بتواند همچین جنگی بکند؟ پطروس: مغلطه نکن. نگفتم یکنفره! هشتاد میلیون جمعیت آلمان را با حرفهای پوچ و احمقانه ات گول زدی، فریب دادی، عقلشان را دزدیدی، سیلشان کردی، طوفانشان کردی، راهشان انداختی تا رفتند و زدند و کشتند و سوزاندند و ویران کردند و...! هیتلر: عالیجناب پطروس، این قدر تند نتازید! پیاده بشوید، با هم برویم! من اگر جواب همین حرفتان را بدهم، هیچ دادگاه با شعور و بیطرفی، چه زمینی، چه آسمانی، نمی تواند رأی به محکویت من بدهد! پطروس: دادگاههای با شعور و بیطرف زمین که همه رأی به محکومیتت دادند و پرونده ات را بستند! در دادگاه آسمان هم گمان نمی کنم حتّی شیطان حاضر باشد شفاعتت را بکند! هیتلر: من نمی گویم فرشته ام، قدّیسم، معصومم، پاکم، و صد در صد لایق بهشتم، ولی می توانم ادّعا کنم که هرگز عقل هیچکس را ندزدیده ام. پطروس: یک کتاب نوشتی، اسمش را گذاشتی "نبرد من"! همه اش من، من، من! پس آن جنگ پنج ساله هم جنگ تو بود، نه جنگ ملّت آلمان! هیتلر: این را درست گفتید. هرکس این اسم را بشنود، ممکن است همچین تصوّری بکند! راستش من می خواستم اسم کتابم را بگذارم "چهار سال و نیم مبارزه با دروغ، حماقت و بز دلی". ناشر پول پرست حقّه بازم گفت: این اسم خیلی دراز است و پیشنهاد کرد که اسمش را بگذارم نبرد من." پطروس: اسم آن لاطائلات را هرچی می گذاشتی فرقی نمی کرد. با همین لاطائلات بود که عقل هشتاد میلیون آلمانی را دزدیدی! هیتلر: حیف از شماست که همچین حرفی بزنید! مگر می شود که کسی عقل داشته باشد و کس دیگری بیاید آن را بدزدد؟ در دنیا همه چیز را می شود دزدید، الاّ عقل! آدم یا با شعور است یا بیشعور! یا داناست، یا نادان! یا عاقل است یا بی عقل! کسی که عقل داشته باشد، گول نمی خورد! پس کسی که گول می خورد، عقل ندارد که کسی آن را بدزدد! همۀ آنهایی که می گویید من گولشان زدم، دلشان می خواست هیتلر باشند. بنا بر این آنها بودند که مرا هیتلر کردند! بعد هم نشستند کنار. پطروس: نمی دانم چی بگویم! شاید این حرفت درست باشد، امّا این ربطی به گناههای خودت ندارد... اینجا پشت در بمان تا برگردم. باید بروم این موضوع را با مَلَکُ العَقل، میکائیل، در میان بگذارم." بله، هیتلر هنوز پشت در منتظر است و پطروس هم هنوز بر نگشته است! Learn Algebra Basics : Master Elementary Algebra From Scratch : Introduction Algebra : Algebra For Beginners What you'll learn: - Mastering the steps of solving linear algebra equations using multiple detailed examples in each lecture - Thoroughly review mathematical rules while solving algebra equations in every lecture - Build confidence solving introductory algebra equations using practical and detailed step-by-step guides in each section - Review important algebra terms and concepts with brief lecture notes in each section - Variety of examples (easy to difficult) to help you solve basic linear algebra questions - Multiple practice questions and quizzes for better understanding of topics in each section - Linear algebra equations - Simple quadratic equations - Application of the quadratic formula - Cross multiplication - Systems of equations Topics covered - Linear and quadratic equations, cross multiplication, and systems of equations This beginner level algebra course is designed for students who want to focus on mastering the process of solving algebraic equations like a math guru! I go over plenty of examples in each section along with detailed solution guides, practice questions, quizzes, and notes. Each lecture covers examples in clear detail to help you master algebra problem-solving techniques. I methodically explain the process of solving equations without rushing to ensure students do not overlook any steps that could lead to confusion. When necessary, I have presented easier shortcuts to help you solve equations quicker. If you already have the theoretical understanding of algebra terms from in class lectures and books or background, this course is extremely helpful to you. If you are preparing for the GRE, GMAT, GEDor other exams, this course has your back in helping you recall steps you might have forgotten. The six sections of the course include - sufficient examples with detailed solutions; comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to solve equations; additional practice problems and quizzes. I will continually add additional materials which might help you further advance your algebra knowledge. I have enjoyed working on this course and guarantee that it will help you tremendously! You are an important part of the course, Iam always ready to assist you. It is a pleasure to have join the course! Here is what some of my current students have to say about the course: "Robel does a great job explaining complex concepts in a more detailed manner-- which def makes it easier to understand. He provides so many examples and supplemental material. I enjoyed watching the videos when learning new topics as well as reviewing familiar topics. This course certainly helped me master algebra equations through the various examples provided. Highly recommended!" Elle "This course is easy to follow, clear, and concise. I like how the instructor repeatedly explains every step after performing each step. He doesn’t go to fast, but still keeps a good pace for me to follow along." Puneet "I think the courses offered a great pace for learning and refreshing my memory on algebra for my GRE prep. Robel makes sure to clearly give many examples and draw out every step along the way in a speed that is easy to follow. The course is organized from simpler concepts on linear algebra to more complex formulas which is a great way to gain confidence for someone terrified of having to refresh their algebra skills all over again like myself." Nery #algebra #basics #elementary #introduction #algebra1 #algebra2 Halı böceği, evlerde yaygın olarak bulunan bir böcek türüdür. Bu böcek türü her yerde bulunabilmektedir, ancak çoğunlukla dolap, hava boşlukları ve süpürgeliklerde daha yoğun yaşamaktadırlar. Yetişkinler 1,5 ila 3 mm uzunluğunda ve oval şekildedirler. Halı böcekleri benekli siyah, beyaz, kahverengi, sarı ve turuncu renklerine sahiptirler. Larvalar, genç halı böcekleri 3 ila 6 mm uzunluğunda ve bronz veya kahverengimsi renklere sahiptirler. Vücutları kıllarla kaplıdır ve büyüdükçe derilerini dökmektedirler. Ayrıca halı böcekleri kıyafet ve kilimler de yaşadığı için daha fazla tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Halı böceğinin yaşam döngüsü boyunca, görünüm önemli ölçüde değişmektedir. Hayata bir yumurta olarak başlamaktadırlar, daha sonra yetişkin böcekler olarak ortaya çıkmadan önce larva aşamasına ve pupa aşamasına geçmektedirler. Böcek türlerine bağlı olarak, yılda bir ila dört kez çoğalmaktadırlar. Genellikle böcekler üç grup halinde ve toplamda 60 ila 300 arasında yumurta bırakmaktadırlar. Bu böcekler yumurtlama evreresini daha sıcak mevsimlerde yapmaktadırlar. Dişi böcekler yumurtalarını, yumurtaların gelişmesi için bol miktarda yiyeceğin içine koyma eğilimindedirler. Yumurtalar türlere bağlı olarak beyaz veya krem rengindedir ve beş ila 20 gün arasında yumurtadan çıkmaktadır. Yumurtalar çok küçüktür, yaklaşık 6 ila 12 mm uzunluğundadır ve oval bir şekle sahiptirler. Yumurtaların bir ucunda diken gibi görünen çıkıntılar bulunmaktadır. Dişi böcek yumurtaları, döşeme, dolap, çekmece, yumurtaların beslenmesi için toz, tüy veya saç bulunan alanlara koymaktadırlar. Bu aşamada böcekler küçük, iyi gizlenmiş ve sıklıkla yerleştirildikleri bölgeye karıştıkları için tespit etmek olası değildir. Halı böceği larvaları türden türe değişiklik göstermektedir. Tipik olarak larvalar kaba tüylere sahiptir, yaklaşık 5 mm uzunluğundadır ve ayrıca oval veya uzun bir şekle sahip olmaktadırlar, genellikle belirgin beyaz ve ten rengi çizgili kahverengi bir renktirler. Siyah halı böceği larvaları sarı renkte daha büyük ve daha koyu olma eğilimindedir. Vücuttaki ve kuyruktaki her iki türdeki tüyleri fark edilmektedir. Halı böceklerinin yoğun olarak görüldüğü zamanlar, yaşam döngüsü açısından bakıldığında, bu böceklerin en zarar verici olduğu zamandır. Bu, larvalar deri dâhil döşemeli eşyalar gibi hemen hemen her şeyi yemektedirler. Ölü böcekler ve kemirgenler, kıyafetler, evcil hayvan yemi, kırıntılar ve saçlarla beslenmektedirler. Bu aşamadaki larvalar, yiyecek kaynakları arayan bir bölgeden diğerine geçmektedirler. Bu, daha kolay tespit edilebilecekleri aşamadır. Böcekler yetişkin olduktan sonra polen ve nektarla beslenmektedirler, hatta tahıl bile yemektedirler. Yaygın olarak görülen halı böcekleri yetişkin böcekler haline geldiğinde, yaklaşık 3 ila 5 mm uzunluğundadırlar. Siyah başları ve kahverengimsi siyah kanatları bulunmaktadır. Halı Böceklerini Çeken Nedir? Halı böcekleri genellikle iç mekanlarda ışığa ve sıcaklığa gelmektedirler. Genellikle, sadece evin içinde uçmaktadırlar, ancak evcil hayvanlara veya kıyafetlere de girmektedirler. Bazı türler tohum, tahıl, evcil hayvan yemi ve diğer bitki bazlı maddeleri istila etmektedirler ve bunlarla birlikte gelmektedirler. Ayrıca içeri girdikten sonra kıyafetler üzerindeki ter kokularına gelmektedirler. Halı böceklerinin eve girmesini önlemeye yardımcı olmak için uygulanabilecek bazı yöntemler vardır. Bu yöntemler aşağıdaki gibidir: • Temiz kıyafetler uzun süre saklamadan önce yıkanmalı ve kuru bırakılmalıdır. Bu işlem, yumurtaları öldürmektedir. • Giysiler hava geçirmez kaplarda saklanmalıdır ve arada bir kontrol edilmelidir. • Dolapta ve depolanan kıyafetlerde naftalin kullanılmalıdır. • Halı, kilim ve döşemeli mobilyaların yanı sıra hava deliklerini ve süpürgelikleri düzenli olarak temizlenmelidir. • Dışarıdan alınan çiçekler evin içine sokulmadan önce kontrol edilmelidir • Kapılar ve pencereler kapalı tutulmalıdır • Evde ölü böcekleri, örümcek ağları ve hayvan yuvaları temizlenmelidir Halı Böceği Isırır mı? Halı böcekleri ısırmamaktadır. Çöp, yani çoğunlukla ölü hayvan artıkları veya diğer döküntülerle ve ayrıca kuru maddelerle beslenmektedirler. Halı Böceği Döküntüleri Bazı kişiler halı böceklerine alerjik olmaktadırlar. Kişiyle temas ettiğinde alerjik reaksiyona neden olmaktadırlar ve bunlar aşağıdaki gibidir: • Cilt • Göz • Solunum yolları • Sindirim yolu Bununla birlikte halı böceklerinin alerjik reaksiyon belirtileri bulunmaktadır ve bunlar aşağıdaki gibidir: • Gözlerde kızarıklık, kaşıntı ve sulanma • Burun akıntısı • Kaşıntılı cilt • Welt veya ısırık gibi görünen ve yanma hissine neden olabilecek döküntü • Kurdeşen • Gastrointestinal sorunlar Halı böcekleri ve dökülen derileri evden çıkarıldıktan sonra alerjik reaksiyonun belirtileri ortadan kalkmaktadır. Kişilerin uzun süreli maruz kalma ile duyarsızlaştıklarına dair bazı kanıtlar da bulunmaktadır, ancak böceklerden kurtulmak genellikle en iyi seçenektir. Halı Böceği Alerjilerinin Belirtileri Çoğunlukla, halı böcekleri larva aşamasında eve zarar vermektedir ve bazı kişiler için alerjiye neden olabilmektedir. Semptomlar değişiklik göstermektedir, ancak genellikle halı böceklerine alerjisi olan kişi kızarıklık ve kaşıntı yaşamaktadır. Duyu bir sivrisinek ısırığına benzemektedir, kaşıntı ağrılı ve hafifletilmesi zor olmaktadır. Kaşıntı eller ve bacaklar da dâhil olmak üzere vücudun diğer bölgelerine yayılmaktadır. Döküntüler ortaya çıkmaktadır ve kaşıntı oldukça ağrılı olabileceğinden, günlük rutinleri etkilemekte ve uyku bozukluklarına neden olmaktadır. Diğer Zararlı Riskleri Halı böcekleri potansiyel alerjik reaksiyonun ötesinde kişiler için herhangi bir risk oluşturmasa da, larvalar genellikle kumaşın içinden geçerek bazı kumaşlara zarar vermektedir. Genel olarak sadece doğal, hayvan bazlı kumaşları yemektedirler ve bunlar aşağıdaki gibidir: • Yün • Tüyler • Keçe • Kürk • İpek • Deri Ayrıca doğal lifli doğal saç fırçaları, saçlar ve evin etrafında toplanan diğer insan ve hayvan döküntüleri gibi öğeleri de yemektedirler. Halı böcekleri genellikle pamuk, keten veya diğer bitki bazlı veya sentetik kumaşları yememektedirler, ancak kumaş karışımlarını veya hayvansal ürünlerle bezenmiş kumaşları yemektedirler. Genellikle halıların kenarlarının yanı sıra kenarlarında veya kumaş kıvrımlarında yer almaktadırlar. Bununla birlikte sadece larvalar kumaştan beslenmektedirler ve yetişkinleri nektar ve polen yemektedirler. Halı Böceği Enfestasyonu Tedavileri Halı böcekleriyle uğraşmak için en popüler ve önerilen tedavi Borik asittir. Çevrimiçi olarak mevcuttur ve kişiler için tamamen zararsız bir maddedir. Bu toz evin etrafına serpilmelidir, bir süre beklettikten sonra sadece elektrikli süpürgeyle temizlenmelidir. Asidi halılarda iki saatten fazla bırakılmamalıdır ve ayrıca hangi yüzeylere ve kumaşlara borik asit uygulandığı bilinmelidir. Çünkü borik asitin ağartıcı bir özelliği bulunmaktadır ve buda koyu kumaşların beyazlamasına etken olabilmektedir. Koyu kumaşlar söz konusu olduğunda, Borik asidin ağartma yoluyla hasara neden olabileceğinden endişe duyan kişi, bunun yerine bir böcek ilacı kullanabilmektedir. Böcek ilacı seçerken, ürünün etiketi kontrol edilmelidir ve halı böceklerini yok etmek için etkili bir yol olduğundan emin olunmalıdır. Ayrıca klorpirifos, bendiokarb ve alletrin gibi bileşenler içeren ürünlerin hepsi halı böcekleriyle mücadele için iyi bir seçenektir. Hangi ürünü kullanılırsa kullanılsın, talimatlar dikkatlice okunmalıdır ve takip edilmelidir. Gerekirse eldiven ve gözlük takılmalıdır, pencereler açılmalıdır ve uygulamayı yapılırken evin içinde bulunan kedi, köpek, kuş ve balık gibi evcil hayvanları evden uzak tutulmalıdır. Nadir durumlarda, bu adımlar işe yaramadığında, özellikle bu istiladan kurtulmak için bir profesyonelden yardım alınmalıdır. Halı Böceği Alerjilerinin Tedavisi Halı böceği alerjilerinin tedavisi, bireyin nasıl etkilendiğine bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Bu tür alerjilerle ilişkili ana sorun, yoğun ve ağrılı kaşıntılardır. Bu en yaygın yan etki ile başa çıkmak için bir sokma çubuğu kullanabilir. Bu çubuklar kaşıntı için rahatlama sağlayacak ve aynı zamanda iyileşmeye yardımcı olacaktır. Etkilenen bölge etrafında ağrı için, ağrıyı sakinleştirecek ve yatıştıracak basit ve geleneksel bir yöntem, eczanelerde ve mağazalarda bulunan kalamin losyonudur. Kortizon veya Benadryl losyon veya krem gibi merhemler kullanılmaktadır. Bir kez daha, bu ilaçlar iyileşmeyi teşvik ederken kaşıntıya yardımcı olmaktadır. Soğuk kompres uygulamak kaşıntı ve ağrıyı azaltmaktadır. Bu tamamen doğal bir yöntemdir ve yoğun kaşıntıyı yatıştırırken bölgeyi uyuşturmaktadır. Daha ciddi vakalarda veya bu yöntemler etkili olmadığında, dermatoloğun gidilmelidir. Dermatolog daha güçlü losyonlar reçete edebilmektedirler veya bazı durumlarda steroid önermektedirler. Ayrıca
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colonial revolution. Madam Tinubu was a Yoruba woman and not Igbo. The British Colonial plunderers had prolonged conflicts with the Egbas to the north-west of Lagos. The Egbas successfully fought the British. The Egbas are Yorubas and not Igbos. The great Oba Ovonramwen Nogbaisi (1857-1914) of Benin courageously fought the British invading army with uncommon gut. Oba Ovonramwen Nogbaisi was partly Bini and partly Yoruba. The British occupied Lagos in 1861, but they could not penetrate the Ijebu heartland because the Ijebus fought gallantly to stop them. In a recent lecture delivered by Professor Godini G. Darah of Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State on the 11th day of February, 2017 at the 2016 Independent Newspaper Man of the Year Award Ceremony, held at Oriental Hotel, Lagos, the Professor of Oral Literature gave illuminating account of how the Ijebus singularly fought the British imperialist for three (3) years. The Ijebus are Yorubas and not Igbos. The Agbekoya revolt (1968-1969) in Western Nigeria demonstrated beyond doubt the courageous ability of the Yorubas. Agbekoya revolt led by their leaders Adegoke Akekuejo, Tafa Adeoye, Folarin Idowu, Mudasiru Adeniran and Tafa Popoola successfully fought the security forces. The farmers marched to Mapo Hall demanding for reduced taxes, which led to violent crises, many government officials were killed. They attacked courthouses and government buildings, setting free prisoners until the release of Chief Obafemi Awolowo from prison that helped to quell the riots and negotiated directly with their leaders. Colonel Adekunle Fajuyi (1926-1966) hosted Major General Aguyi Ironsi in Ibadan in July, 1966. The Northern Soldiers invaded Government House in Ibadan. Col. Adekunle Fajuyi took a position that Aguyi Ironsi an Igbo man and his guest cannot be killed in his house. He stood his ground and chose to die with his Commander in Chief. I am yet to see any Igbo man with such gut yet the Igbos did not appreciate Col. Adekunle Fajuyi. On the 13th of February 1976, Col. Dimka attempted to over throw the Federal Military Government of Gen. Murtala Mohammed. His aide de camp, Lt. Col. Akintunde Akinsehinwa, a Yoruba man did not run away. He fought and courageously died with Gen. Murtala Mohammed. Chief Obafemi Awolowo had the opportunity to escape arrest by the Federal Government during one of the darkest days of Nigerian history. He exhibited uncommon courage and did not evade arrest like Chief Anthony Enahoro. Chief Obafemi Awolowo was a Yoruba leader and not Igbo. Unfortunately, I have to mention the Nigerian Civil War. Unarguably, the Yorubas were the heroes of the civil war. Major Banjo, a Yoruba man was the Commanding Officer of the Biafran army. Major Banjo led the Biafran army and fought vigorously conquering Towns, Cities, States and territories with extra ordinary skills. Major Banjo was a jewel. A brilliant and audacious commander of the highest repute. He led the Biafra army up to Ore in the present Ondo State before he was recalled back to the East by Col. Ojukwu. Unknown to Major Banjo, Col. Ojukwu has already plotted to kill him based on unfounded lies cooked up against Major Banjo by ethnic and tribal Igbos actuated by envy and ethnic bias. Col Ojukwu behaved, as it is common with most Igbos in a rash manner and put Major Banjo to death without proper investigation. The death of Major Banjo ended the success of the Biafran army. It is a matter of historical fact that the Biafran army did not progress beyond where Major Banjo stopped. Perhaps the story of the civil war would have been different if Col. Ojukwu had not killed Major Banjo. Brigadier Benjamin Adekunle (1936-2014), the Black Scorpion, Commander of the 3rd Marine Commando, a Yoruba man was unarguably one of the most courageous men the world has ever known. Brigadier Benjamin Adekunle was an incredibly courageous, greatly feared at home and abroad. Brigadier Benjamin Adekunle, was well respected for his courage and exploits. He was a Yoruba man and not Igbo. Whether we like it or not, abuse him if you chose, abuse will not change or alter history, General Olusegun Obasanjo, a Yoruba man, took over the Command of the 3rd Marine Commando from Brigadier Benjamin Adekunle. A man of uncommon courage. General Olusegun Obasanjo fought gallantly and made the Biafrans to surrender. Gen. Olusegun Obasanjo is a Yoruba man and Nigerian war hero. It is difficult to find a man with Gen. Olusegun Obasanjo’s courage. The Federal Government of Nigeria offered to release Chief Moshood Abiola under various bail conditions. Chief Moshood Abiola refused to accept any conditional bail. Rather, Chief Moshood Abiola chose to die in detention. What a courageous man! He was a Yoruba man and not Igbo. Dr. Nnamdi Azikwe was aware of the first military coup in January, 1966. He left Nigeria before the coup under the pretence that he was going abroad on vacation and or medical trip and he abandoned his people during the war. Lack of courage. Chief Obafemi Awolowo would not have done such a thing. Recently, the leader of the indigenous people of Biafra (IPOB) was admitted to bail with all manners of conditions while his two other compatriots were denied bail. Surprisingly, Kanu accepted conditional bail while his compatriots are still languishing in detention. What a coward! Nelson Mandela of South Africa refused conditional bail. Except a coward, a courageous freedom fighter or a secessionist will not accept conditional bail. Nnamdi Kanu is not a Yoruba man. The German Emperor and dictator, Adolf Hitler who provoked World War II (1939-1945) was told that the Red Army was marching on his Praetorian. He did not escape. He bravely committed suicide. His wife Eva Braun committed suicide with him by taking cyanic acid. But Col. Odumegwu Ojukwu ran away in the face of defeat and refused to die. What a cowardly behaviour! Biblical King Saul not Saul who later became Apostle Paul was hit by archers in the face of battle and he said to his armour bearer “...draw your sword and thrust me through with it lest these uncircumcised men come and thrust me through and abuse me but his armour bearer would not for he was greatly afraid. Therefore Saul took a sword and fell on it.” (1 Samuel Chapter 31 verses 3-4). In the face of battle, King Saul committed suicide, which was a better choice for him than arrest and humiliation by the philistines. Interestingly, King Saul armour bearer equally took his own life. What a courage! But what did Col. Ojukwu did when he was faced with similar circumstance? He ran away. What a coward! It may not be appropriate to cite audacious criminal courage because the yorubas treat criminal conducts with disdain. But permit me to mention just one instance. The most courageous armed robber in the history of Nigeria was Dr. Ishola Oyenusi, a Yorubaman. The celebrated robber, did not plead for any forgiveness and he courageously faced his trial and firing squad unlike the present day none Yoruba robbers and kidnappers who upon arrest begin to shed crocodile tears and begging for forgiveness like the prominent kidnapper; Chukwudi Onuamadike alias Evans, an Igbo man. What a coward! I have searched through the web of Nigerian History to identify any heroic mark by the Igbos. Unfortunately, I cannot find any except the fictional Obi Okonkwo of Prof. Chinua Achebe’s “Things Fall Apart” who killed a Whiteman and later hanged himself. Do you mention Aba women riot? The magnitude of the riot was insignificant for mention on a courageous map. The only historical record was the tribal coup of January 1966 led by middle rank Igbo military Officers who killed political leaders, Government Officials and Soldiers from all over Nigeria except their own fellow Igbo men and in Igbo land. My own Ondo brother Brigadier Samuel Ademuwagun, the Commanding Officer of the 1st Brigade Nigerian Army, Kaduna and his wife Latifah were gruesomely murdered in the presence of their children by Major Timothy Onwuatugwu and five others. Similarly, Nzeogwu and his criminal gangsters assassinated Col. Ralph Shodeinde, Deputy Commandant of Nigerian Defence Academy. His wife was shot in her hand and leg. They killed several Hausa and Yoruba officers. Certainly, a coup that was staged to kill fellow human being and political leaders, Government Officials and Soldiers other than their own tribesmen was an act of cowardice. In any case, killing of human being is not a courageous act. infact it is an act of cowardice. I imagine, if it were the Yorubas that stage a coup to kill all other people except the Yorubas, the Igbos would apply all manners of derogatory and foul languages to describe the Yorubas far beyond tribal, ethnic and cowards which they presently express to describe the Yorubas inspite of the exploits of the Yorubas coupled with accommodation that the Yorubas gave the Igbos. The Igbos should know that the coup of January 1966 staged by Igbo Military Officers who killed Political Leaders, Government Officials and Soldiers throughout Nigeria except in Igbo Land provoked the retaliatory coup staged by Northern Military Officer that brought General Yakubu Gowon to power in July 1966. We must not play down on the issue. The tribal and ethnic characters of the Igbo Military Officers expose the Igbos as tribal and ethnic chauvinists who wantonly kill other people except their own fellow Igbos. Instructively, Brigadier Samuel Ademuwagun was the most senior military officer next to Gen. Aguyi Ironsi. The Igbo coupists killed him and left their own brother Gen. Aguyi Ironsi. Interestingly, I was told that one of the grievances of the Igbos against the Yorubas was the Carpet crossing in the Western Region House of Assembly that brought Chief Obafemi Awolowo to power as the Premier of the Western Region which prevented Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe from becoming the Premier of the Western Region. Let me say unequivocally that the action of Chief Obafemi Awolowo and Yoruba leaders was perfectly right and equitable which conform to the tenet of democracy and self-aspiration. Nigeria at the material time was divided into three regions and the three regions have three apples to share among themselves. Alhaji Sir Ahmadu Bello an Hausa Fulani and a Northerner took one of the apples for himself and the people of the north and thus became the Premier of the Northern Region. The Second apple was taken by an Easterner. Regrettably, another Easterner in the person of Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe wanted to take the third apple that was meant for the Western Region regardless of the fact that his brother and compatriot had taken the second apple. The question that confronted Chief Obafemi Awolowo and the Yoruba Leaders was “Why must one person take two out of three apples that was meant for three people?” Certainly, it is unjust, immoral, inequitable, oppressive, insensitive and ungodly. In effect, an Easterner cannot be a Premier in the Eastern Region and another Easterner as Premier in the Western Region. Such arrangement would have stripped the Yorubas naked with nothing. Certainly, if Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe was allowed to rule as Premier of the Western Region, the Yorubas would have become slaves to the Igbos. Some Igbos have argued that Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe should have been allowed to become the Premier of Western Region on the principle of democracy since his party won majority seat in the Western Region House of Assembly. My response to such argument is that the attempt by Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe to present himself as the Premier of the Western Region was ill advised and secondly, what prevented Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe from sponsoring a Yorubaman for the position?. Let me also say that the definition of democracy varies from country to country and from place to place depending on several factors and peculiarities. Let me be specific, no one will deny the fact that the ever cerebral and articulate students of Obafemi Awolowo University have a very strong democratic Students’ Union. Election was organised but the winner was prevented from taking oven by some Students led by Mr. Seni Ajayi. I became furious and I went to the Students’ Union Building to meet Mr. Seni Ajayi, a very distinguished students’ Union leader. My argument was similar to the same argument the Igbos are making about Chief Obafemi Awolowo. I told Seni Ajayi that Mr. Agoi who had won the Students’ Union Election should be allowed to assume office on the principle of Democracy. Seni Ajayi calmly disarmed me with a new definition of democracy. He made it clear to me that “Democracy is the Votes of the People that Matters.” Far beyond the fact that the people voted for Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe and his party NCNC, the votes of the people that matters were the votes of Chief Obafemi Awolowo and Yoruba leaders who infact were the Guardians of the conscience of the Yorubas and who knew what was the best for the Yorubas. It was a matter of fact that Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe went back to the Eastern Region and took over as the Premier of the Eastern Region. Let me say with abundant pride and profound relish that the carpet crossing in the Western Region that brought Chief Obafemi Awolowo to power was the greatest thing to have happened to the Yorubas. Western Region under Chief Obafemi Awolowo was a pacesetter. The Civil Service which was the engine room of the government was second to none in the Commonwealth. The Western Region Government under Chief Obafemi Awolowo was the first in everything that we can be proud of; free education, first high rising building in Nigeria, first Olympic size stadium, first television station, road infrastructural development that lead to the rural areas in Yoruba towns and villages to facilitate evacuation of farm produce which ultimately lead to wealth and growth, just to mention a few. The benefits derived from the carpet crossing which brought Chief Obafemi Awolowo to power successfully laid the foundation for the development of Western Region which have become the envy of other Nigerians and the Yoruba race has been able to sustain the growth even though the progress was almost stunted by the military. The question therefore is “what did Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe do in the Eastern Region?”. I know of the University of Nigeria Nsukka. But the Yorubas also have their own University of Ife (now Obafemi Awolowo University). Each of the three Premiers, Alhaji Sir. Ahmadu Bello, Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe and Chief Obafemi Awolowo had the opportunity to develop their regions but Chief Obafemi Awolowo was a phenomena. Instructively, if Dr. Azikiwe had been the Premier of the Western Region, he would not have performed better than what he did in the Eastern Region. Indeed, generation of Yorubas are very proud of their Chief Obafemi Awolowo and other Yoruba political leaders that developed their region. It is important to know that some of the things that the Igbos are saying about the carpet crossing in the Western Region House of Assembly are not true. It is not true that Yoruba NCNC Parliamentarians abandoned Dr. Azikiwe on the floor of Western Region House of Assembly and crossed over to Chief Obafemi Awolowo side as often painted. The correct position was that five (5) members out of the six (6) elected Parliamentarians from the Ibadan People Party (IPP) led by Chief Adisa Akinloye teamed up with Chief Obafemi Awolowo Action Group while the sixth Parliamentarian Adegoke Adelabu crossed carpet to Dr. Azikiwe NCNC. All the Yoruba Parliamentarians in NCNC stood with their leader Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe and not a single one of them crossed to Chief Obafemi Awolowo side. In a plain language, those who crossed carpet were not parliamentarians from NCNC. In any case what happened in the Western Region House of Assemble is allowed under Parliamentary System of Government. It is completely wrong for any Nigerian to accuse the Yorubas of tribalism. In 2011, the Yorubas in the House of Representatives refused to vote for their fellow Yoruba candidate Mrs Adeola Mulikat. The Yorubas teamed up with Northerners and Easterners to vote for Alhaji Aminu Tambuwal who thus became the Speaker of the House of Representatives. That is the Yorubas for you. In the recent time, a Yoruba woman, Dr. Ameyo Stella Adadevoh exhibited unequal courage. She prevented Ebola from entering or spreading in Nigeria by paying with her own life. I am yet to see any Igbo woman with such gut and courage. Unfortunately, the incredible and tremendous courage of Dr. Ameyo Stella Adadevoh which limited the spread of Ebola in Nigeria was not rewarded by the Government of Dr. Goodluck Jonathan. I can reasonably infer that the Igbos who were majority in that government deliberately refused to honour the outstanding Yoruba woman because she was a Yoruba woman. Dr. Goodluck Jonathan ruled Nigeria for six years. The Yorubas voted for him massively in 2011 but what did the Yorubas get. He abandoned the Yorubas. About 85% of all-important headships of government agencies and parastatals were occupied by the Igbos. There was no single Yoruba man from number 1 to 14 in the hierarchy of power. Yet, the Yorubas did not quarrel with any person. They waited patiently until the 2015 General election where they peacefully use their votes to their advantage. Ironically, as soon as Dr. Goodluck Jonathan left, the shout of fake marginalisation started again. Let me say without any fear of being contradicted that contrary to the shout of marginalisation, which the Igbos often used, the most powerful and economically viable position under the General Buhari Government are occupied by the Igbos. The Governor of Central Bank, the most powerful Bank in Nigeria is in the hand of an Igbo man. The Minister of State for petroleum Dr, Ibe Kachukwu though from Delta State is
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and exercise their capacities as citizens. Many do, but there could be more. The discussion really needs to be not just about STEM. It needs to be about reorienting mainstream public education to providing high-quality, broad-based learning that provides an opportunity for all students to be exposed to and learn to value STEM, language, arts, history, culture and trade skills. Gains in student engagement, enthusiasm and test scores in reading, math and science from programs such as NDI-New Mexico and the New Mexico Philharmonic, which provide some students access to the arts both in-school and after-school, point to a great place to start. pk10资金分配表 此外,据媒体报道,月日发布的清盘公告的好好理财,月日发布逾期公告的花果金融,均涉嫌关联融资、关联担保。 提到,根据‘数据,本月级公司债较美国公债的风险溢价或利差提高至个百分点。在美国经济自年以来出现过的七次衰退中,该利差水平有六次在衰退期间或即将进入衰退时达到过这一水准。 这一点,美国女排的副攻阿金拉德沃就具备了二米半的一传照样打背飞的能力,副攻能力越强,对对方拦网的牵制作用就越大,对队友的掩护效果也就越强。 月日下午时分许,在神木境内的省道西沟段,一辆满载液的重型卡车与迎面而来的车相撞,车被撞离路面,飞向路边一堵墙反弹后掉进路边水沟中。事故造成车驾驶员张飞当场死亡。事发后,救护车将副驾驶上的张永利紧急送往神木市第二人民医院抢救。不到一个小时,医生宣布张永利和腹中胎儿均已死亡。而仅仅在两个多小时之前,张永利还在距此不远的另一家医院进行产前检查。 参议院的报告解释说,自年法国遭遇恐袭以来,“伊斯兰国”恐怖组织被攻陷之后,政府在应对恐怖主义威胁的组织和手段上已有所改进:加强了打击手段、改变了刑事政策、情报机构积极动员,但参议院调查委员会在应付恐袭威胁变化方面对政府“将来所采取的行动表示强烈担忧”。 但是,当记者索要对方广告公司的联系方式时,这家教育机构的工作人员并没有给记者。而当记者昨天晚上联系上这家教育机构的一名老师时,对方说是公司负责人来联系广告公司的,但负责人目前已经出国了,无法联系上。 中欧太空合作的接近,与太空科研实力的此消彼长有着密不可分的关系。在俄罗斯“和平”号空间站年坠毁后,由传统西方大国和俄罗斯合力建设的国际空间站长期以来成为人类在太空中最大和最主要的空间站。 经侦查得知,负责在州与广州保持联络的是“二哥”,通过对“二哥”的跟踪,民警发现他总是与一名叫肖某国的州本地人联络。经调查,肖某国因为生意失败,已经在外欠下大量债务,全家被银行纳入失信人员名单,是个极可能为了钱而而走险的人。 全队命中率达到,德里克怀特得了分、个篮板和次助攻,杰伦布洛瑟姆盖姆分个篮板,奇梅齐耶梅图分个篮板。替补出场的杰夫莱德贝特分。 在此次出访前夕,特朗普并没有着力缓解欧洲的担忧,而是继续发表指责北约的新言论。日,在北约峰会两天前,特朗普仍在推特上继续炮轰北约盟友,称“美国在北约的投入远远超过其他任何国家。这是不公平的,也是不可接受的”。 相关阅读: Ok, so this isn’t the same as our usual tips. But recently I was involved in an animal models project that led me to this resource on genomic pathology. The deeper I got into this animal model project, the more clear it became that a tremendous amount of genomic data is coming that is going to be great–but it will need to be paired with appropriate histology and pathology for a more complete understanding of the genomic biology. All these model organism projects–knockout mice or rats, mutant mice for cancer studies for example, inbred lines with specific characteristics and genomic regions like the Collaborative Cross, treated animals–need quality pathology assessments. There are phenotyping projects like Europhenome being done on large sets of animals, and they require not only standardized descriptions and ontologies, but also image samples and evaluations. In an age where we all scan around at all this software looking at genes and genomic regions, we have to have pathology data as well. And that data will also need to be standardized and stored in appropriate database resources for researchers to find and examine. I recently heard Dr. Robert Cardiff talk about his work on Pathobiology of the Mouse and how crucial it is to capture the information in a standardized and searchable ways. He’s one of the drivers of this project, and fully understands the needs in this arena. More people should be trained in pathology to examine these animals. So during this project I was impressed to find out about an online learning project that could be helpful for people who need to understand the foundations of animal research and be introduced to important aspects of pathology. This project has won an award for Outstanding Distance Learning (May 25). So as a public service in genomics I point you to this UC Davis project. You can have a look at the background and goals for this from the Center for Genomic Pathology site. From there you can click the navigation for UCD Information Session to get a taste of their course, or click on my image above. It’s a nice effort. We have no relationships with UC Davis or this online learning project–we just thought it was a valuable and important component to genomics and wanted to talk about it. Lost in the shuffle of the current global pandemic, the CDC in March released a study causing the organization to increase their estimate of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence to one in 54 children. This changes the CDC’s previous prevalence estimate of 1 in 59 children, which was released in 2018. Dr. Benjamin Black, director of medical services at the Thompson Center believes this change shows the need for increased autism resources around the country. “The increase in autism spectrum disorder prevalence to 1 in 54 children is important, and highlights the continued need for resources to be devoted to this area,” Dr. Black said. “However, equally important is the disparities that this study noted geographically and across socioeconomic groups. The Thompson Center strives to be a leader in challenging these disparities through its educational, research, and clinical care programs.” Dr. Connie Brooks, head of the clinical psychology department at the Thompson Center, believes this change is important as it highlights previously underrepresented groups in the autism evaluation process. “The increase in the ASD prevalence rate seems to indicate that autism specialists are doing a good job in identifying children with autism, particularly with the new data indicating similar prevalence rates for black and Asian/Pacific Islander children. The results also suggest, however, that we still have to work to do, especially in improving identification of Hispanic children as well as with earlier diagnosis of Black children. I’m proud that the Thompson Center continues to focus on health disparities in our training and clinical work to reduce these differences.” The Thompson Center has performed more than 700 autism diagnostic evaluations in the last year. While many families remain on the waiting list to receive an evaluation, the Thompson Center continues to search for ways to increase how many families we can serve each year. همتای انگلستان پس از لقب کمال هریس ، معاون منتخب رئیس جمهور آمریكا ، “هندی” ، انتقاد كرد Posted On نوامبر 9, 2020 یکی از اعضای مجلس اعیان انگلیس پس از اینکه وی معاون رئیس جمهور منتخب ایالات متحده ، کامالا هریس را با اشاره آشکار به میراث آسیای جنوبی خود ، در حالی که حدس می زد رئیس جمهور شود ، “نژاد پرست” نامگذاری شد. “چه اتفاقی می افتد اگر بایدن حرکت کند و هندی رئیس جمهور شود. چه کسی پس از آن معاون رئیس جمهور می شود؟ “ توییت لرد جان کیلکلونی خوانده شد. این اولین بار نیست که کیلکلونی ، معاون سابق حزب اتحاد اتحاد اولستر ، برای زبان نامناسب نژادی وی سر و صدا ایجاد می کند. وی پیش از این از لئو وارادکار ، نخست وزیر ایرلند که پدرش از بمبئی استقبال می کرد ، به عنوان الف نام برد “هندی معمولی” اظهارات وی در مورد هریس با واکنش سریع بسیاری در شبکه های اجتماعی روبرو شد. وس استریتینگ نماینده حزب کارگر از همتای خود انتقاد کرد توییت کردن: “او این کار را قبلاً با لئو وارادکار انجام داده و اکنون نیز آن را با کامالا هریس انجام داده است. این نوع نژادپرستی از نظر هیچ کس قابل قبول نیست ، اما از نظر یکی از اعضای مجلس لردها اعتقاد گدا است. باید اقدام شود. “ همچنین در rt.com اوا لونگوریا پس از متهم شدن به نژادپرستی و سرقت در کانون توجه زنان سیاه پوست با ستایش از رای دهندگان لاتین ، به دلیل عذرخواهی ستایش شد سایمون هور ، یک نماینده محافظه کار که رئیس کمیته انتخاب امور ایرلند شمالی نیز هست ، نوشت که اظهارات کیلکلونی “بد است. بی ادب نژاد پرست. مخوف.” هوار همچنین اضافه کرد که او در پاسخ به سخنان کیلکلونی شکایتی رسمی به دفتر سخنگوی لرد ارائه داده است. متعاقبا کیلکلونی Hoare را در توییتر مسدود کرد ، اقدامی که Hoare از آن استقبال کرد: “من آن را یک نعمت می دانم.” رئیس مجلس بالا ، بارون فاولر ، گفت که کیلکلونی باید نظر خود را پس بگیرد و عذرخواهی کند ، افزود که این راهی برای مراجعه به هیچ کس نیست ، “چه رسد به زنی که به تازگی تاریخ سازی کرده است.” بعداً کیلکلونی گفت که اظهارات خود را پس گرفته و با توئیتر نوشت: “در حالی که بایدن به ایرلندی بودن خود افتخار می کند و هریس به درستی به سابقه هندی خود افتخار می کند ، من مطمئناً اشاره خود را به او به عنوان یک هندی پس می گیرم زیرا به نظر می رسد برخی افراد را ناراحت کرده است.” اونم همینطور تکذیب کرد این یک اظهارنظر نژادپرستانه بود و گفت که مردم توئیت قبلی او را اشتباه درک کرده اند. این داستان را دوست دارید؟ با یک دوست به اشتراک بگذارید! ITB2020 - Berlin Germany 14 اسفند ماه 1398 الی 18 اسفند ماه 1398 تاریخچه ITB برلین نمایشگاه گردشگری برلین (ITB Berlin) به عنوان مهمترین نمایشگاه بازرگانی سفر فرصت تجاری ویژه ای برای عرضه کنندگان جهانی خدمات گردشگری می باشد. نمایشگاه ITB آلمان که از سال ۱۹۹۶ آغاز کار کرده و مقر اصلی آن در برلین قرار دارد ، هر سال در ماه مارس برگزار می شود. نمایشگاه ITB عمدتا ۵ روزه بوده و ۳ روز اول آن به صورت کاملا تخصصی برای کسانی است که در حوزه صنعت گردشگری فعالیت تجاری می کنند.در ۲ روز آخر بازدید کننده های عمومی نیز می توانند وارد نمایشگاه شوند. علاوه بر اظهار رضایتمندی بسیار زیاد شرکت کنندگان (بالای ٩٠%) آمار ها نیز این موضوع را بیشتر ثابت می کنند. هدف از برگزاری نمایشگاه ITB برلین نمایشگاه گردشگری آی تی بی برلین( ITB Berlin) به عنوان نمایشگاهی پیشرو در صنعت سفر شناخته می شود. نمایشگاه گردشگری آی تی بی برلین مهمترین پلت فرم تجاری برای فرصت های گردشگری جهانی است. با تنوع منحصر به فرد نمایشگاه آی تی بی برلین، این نمایشگاه زنجیره ارزش افزوده گردشگری را به طور کامل پوشش می دهد. در این نمایشگاه بیش از ۱۸۰ کشور حضور دارند. به علاوه نمایشگاه ITB برلین به بخش های جداگانه ای تقسیم می شود، که هر کدام از این بخش ها بازتابی از مهمترین عناوین جاری هستند. جدا بودن بخش های تولیدی و خدماتی باعث می شود که مسیر خود را به راحتی در این نمایشگاه پیدا کنید. - حضور ۵ قاره در این نمایشگاه - حضور بیش از ۱۸۰ کشور - ۱۰۰۰ خریدار برتر واجد شرایط - ۱۰.۰۰۰ شرکت کننده - ۱۱۰.۰۰۰ بازدیدکننده تجاری - مجموع بازدیدکنندگان ۱۶۰.۰۰۰ نفر - ۱۶۰.۰۰۰ متر مربع مساحت نمایشگاه توضیحات شرکت سرو بنیان ادبی از سال ۹۸ با شرکت در فراخوان شرکت مادر تخصصی توسعه ی ایرانگردی و جهانگردی بعنوان مجری پاویون گردشگری در نمایشگاه های خارجی انتخاب گردید و در همان سال نمایشگاه ITB برلین را تا مرحله ی اجرا پیش برد که متاسفانه با شیوع پاندومی کووید – ۱۹ در واپسین روزهای افتتاحیه، از سوی کشور میزبان(آلمان) لغو گردید. There may be times when you wonder why your energy levels are so low or why you’ve been feeling more fatigued than usual. Often it’s a result of simply not drinking enough water. Since the human body is about 70 percent water, it only makes sense that water intake is key for maintaining optimal energy on a daily basis. Sufficient hydration is crucial to every physiological action that takes place in your body. Water is involved in the digestion of food, helps lubricate joints, is a carrier of nutrients to cells, affects hormone regulation and is the main component of blood. Proper water intake is also a key component of weight loss. Fat metabolism simply does not occur at an optimal rate when we are chronically dehydrated. Even when it comes to exercise performance, the importance of water is often forgotten. Much of our attention is focused on finding the right foods for fueling our workouts. But inadequate hydration can hinder exercise performance as well. And you can’t rely on thirst as an indicator. If you wait until you are thirsty to rehydrate, you have already lost 1-2 percent of your body weight, which results in a decrease in performance and loss of mental focus and clarity. This is primarily due to a reduction in cardiovascular output, metabolic reactions and an increase in core temperature since water is the body’s coolant during exercise. Needless to say, maintaining hydration can be a real difference maker when it comes to exercise performance. Outlined below are tips and specific guidelines for proper daily water intake and throughout the workout spectrum (pre-, post- and during). Current research from the Institute of Medicine found that the average water loss per day was nine cups for women and 13 cups for men, which is the minimum daily recommendation for each sex, respectively. If you’re active, then you need more. Eating your fruits and vegetables will supplement that daily minimum. Some 19 percent of our fluid intake also comes from food (approximately 4 cups on average). Fruits and vegetables are water-dense foods and are great for getting additional hydration. Plus, they are packed with nutrients, high in fiber and low in calories, which can aid in weight loss as well. Here are some of the most water-packed foods you should add: ▪ Squash (cooked): 94 pecent ▪ Cantaloupe: 90 percent ▪ Oranges: 87 percent ▪ Apples: 86 percent ▪ Pears: 84 percent By “pre-hydrating,” you will ensure that you begin physical activity adequately hydrated and with normal electrolyte levels. As a general rule, aim for 16 ounces 30 minutes prior to exercise. Remember, if you wait until you are thirsty, then your performance has already suffered. Aiming for 6-12 ounces every 15-30 minutes will match the rate of fluid loss under most circumstances. Also, most sport beverages that contain a low concentration (6-8 percent) of carbohydrates and electrolytes can be even more beneficial for longer or more intense workouts since they help to maintain sufficient energy and electrolyte levels in addition to just water. After a workout, fluid intake is necessary to aid in recovery since losses in both carbohydrates and sodium hinder the process of rehydration. As a general rule, 24 ounces right after a workout or, more specifically, 24 ounces per pound of body weight loss. Beat the Heat Increases in temperature naturally increase the rate of fluid loss in the body. At a minimum you should increase your intake by 16 ounces a day once the weather gets significantly warmer. In some cases, daily fluid needs could be as much as double as normal. Monitoring your weight changes throughout the day and pre- and post-workout can serve as an effective gauge as well. Jason Wanlass, the owner of Champion Fitness Training in Meridian, has more than 20 years of experience in the fitness industry. Contact him at [email protected] or championfit.net. He writes a monthly fitness column. عبدالبهاء؛ از تهدید جمال پاشا تا اعلام حمایت لرد بالفور! پایگاه جامع فرق، ادیان و مذاهب_ در ماجرای تصرف فلسطین (به عنوان بخشی از خاک عثمانی)، به دست قوای مهاجم انگلیسی، عباس افندی، مرتکب خیانت و جاسوسی برای انگلیسیها شد. حمایت عبدالبهاء از قوای مهاجم انگلیسی به قدری حاکمان عثمانی را عصبانی کرد که "جمال پاشا" تهدید به مجازات او کرد.[1] در این میان دولت انگلستان، برای حمایت از این جاسوس خود، دست به عمل شده و وزیر خارجهی وقت انگلیس، دستور به محافظت از وی را صادر کرد؛ شوقی افندی در این خصوص نوشته است: «از جمله احبای انگلستان چون بر خطرات شدیدهای که حیات مبارک (: عبدالبهاء) را تهدید مینمود، اطلاع یافتند؛ بلادرنگ (: بدون تأمل) برای تأمین سلامت آن وجود مقدس اقدامات و مساعی (: تلاش) لازمه مبذول داشتند (: به عمل آوردند). لرد کرزن (Lord Curzon) و سایر اعضای کابینه انگلستان، نیز رأساً و مستقیماً از وضع مخاطره آمیز حیفا استحضار حاصل نمودند، از طرف دیگر لرد لامینگتون (Lord Laminton) با ارسال گزارش فوری و مخصوص به وزارت خارجه آن کشور، انظار اولیای امور را به شخصیت و اهمّیت مقام حضرت عبدالبهاء جلب نمود و چون گزارش به لرد بالفور وزیر خارجه وقت رسید در همان یوم وصول (: روز رسیدن گزارش)، دستور تلگرافی به جنرال النبی سالارسپاه انگلیس در فلسطین صادر و تأکید أکید نمود که به جمیع قوی (: با تمام نیرها) در حفظ و صیانت حضرت عبدالبهاء و عائله و دوستان آن حضرت بکوشد. متعاقب آن دستور جنرال النبی تلگرافی پس از فتح حیفا به لندن مخابره
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edildi. East Anglia Üniversitesi Rekabet Politikası Merkezi'nden Profesör Sean Ennis, teknoloji devinin "aşırı" suçlamaları nedeniyle 1.566 uygulama yaratıcısı adına toplu dava açtı. Bazı uygulama yapımcıları, uygulama içi ödeme sistemini kullanırken Apple tarafından komisyon olarak %15 ila %30 arasında ücretlendiriliyordu. Bu prosedür, birkaç ülkedeki antitröst düzenleyicileri tarafından eleştirildi ve en sonunda davaya taşındı. Profesör Ennis şunları söyledi: "Apple'ın uygulama geliştiricilerinden aldığı ücretler aşırı ve yalnızca uygulamaların iPhone'lara ve iPad'lere dağıtılması üzerindeki tekeli nedeniyle mümkün. Ücretler kendi başlarına adil değil ve kötü niyetli fiyatlandırma oluşturuyor. Uygulama geliştiricilerine ve ayrıca uygulama alıcılarına zarar veriyorlar." Apple daha önce App Store'daki geliştiricilerin %85'inin herhangi bir komisyon ödemediğini ve bunun Avrupalı geliştiricilerin App Store aracılığıyla dünyanın 175 ülkesindeki pazarlara ve müşterilere erişmesine yardımcı olduğunu söylemişti. Gli umili fiori di campo appassiscono, ma tornano poi a fiorire; il prossimo giugno l'avorno sarà dorato come adesso; tra un mese questa clematide sarà coperta di stelle purpuree e di anno in anno la verde notte delle sue foglie racchiuderà quelle stelle di porpora. Ma la nostra gioventù non torna mai indietro, il palpito di gioia che batte in noi a vent'anni si fa torbido, si indeboliscono le nostre membra, i sensi si corrompono. E noi degeneriamo in ripugnanti fantocci ossessionati dal ricordo di passioni di cui avemmo troppa paura e di tentazioni squisite a cui non osammo abbandonarci. Gioventù! Gioventù! Nulla vi è al mondo che valga la gioventù. Leggi un'altra Frase Tutti gli Argomenti زندیا برای جوایز Essence Black Women in Hollywood در موزه آکادمی تصاویر متحرک در لس آنجلس در روز پنجشنبه، این ستاره با استایل متفاوت دیگر از روز قبل ظاهر شد. در حالی که این ظاهر به طور قطع غیر رسمیتر از بسیاری از استایل های اخیر او روی فرش قرمز بود، اما کمتر چشمگیر نبود. او با شلوار جین آبی و تاپ نقره ای شفاف از Jean Paul Gaultier Couture Couture شیک به نظر می رسید. زندیا، استایل خود را با چوکر نقره ای و سر آستین های نقره ای دراماتیک البته جواهراتی از بولگاری و همچنین کمربند نقره ای چند لایه، طراحی کرد. او کفش های پاشنه بلند و نوک تیز سفید پوشیده بود. این ستاره همچنین یک مدل موی باب را به نمایش گذاشت متفاوت از موهای فر که شب گذشته برای جوایز مد فرش سبز داشت. برای جوایز مد فرش سبز، زندایا، یک لباس روبرتو کاوالی از مجموعه بهار تابستان 2011 این خانه مد را پوشید. لباس تمساح ابریشمی بدون آستین طوسی دارای جزئیات حاشیه ای عمیق بود و کل لباس در حالی که او روی فرش راه می رفت، شناور بود. این ظاهر ها هر دو پس از انتخاب شدن زندیا به عنوان رئیس مشترک مت گالا آتی که در 6 می برگزار می شود، به وجود می آیند. زندیا با کد لباسی به نام “باغ زمان” در کنار بانی بد، کریس همسورث و جنیفر لوپز این جشن را هدایت خواهد کرد. 这是国际基金史上优先雇用SI的标号,这个月新使成为的基金的定量是36。。 率先,每个基金需求支出使坚固或稳固费。。 有20余家公司清算资金。,经过聚集股东大会,正量清算基金。 从初期的就保管它。。 绿枝花枝有35人, 某基金公司主席通知记日志者。, 晚近,基金清算有两个材料理智。,清算基金的定量已增添到108个。,使结束工序中同42只公共基金。,同样的人长成清算, 加起来显示,定做基金持续减少,逐渐转化规格化清算。,同样的人的开票清算,四月,有29人。,落得基金鱼压缩制紧缩。,如今公司的姿态是清算可洗的迷你基金。,依然以为债券股典型和 混合型基金 认为优先。 这个月新使成为的基金的定量是36。,很好的东西机构在半途长成或撤出,,从清偿型基金的典型谈起,使结束,在前方四年间,加起来显示,有27笔资金用于出现的清算。,在过来的几年里,从出现地形看,” 从使结束基金的称号视图,不费力地找到。,高音部地区同60只基金进入清算顺序。,这是国际基金史上优先雇用SI的标号,据datum的复数加起来,。 同样的人出现的清算,少数清算包罗清算清算和出现的清算。。 有15个基金用于开票。,7月间。 温柔的一种是弹使结束限制而出现的使结束, 清算资金的定量递增。 datum的复数显示, 我从未忆及过。!基金正干。:成立36个新基金 然而有42的清算。!】加起来显示,当年以后,一大堆外包资金应运而生。。 一旦基金持有人挽回定做基金,每月清算数为20。、8只和32只,非但很超越了2017的清算定量,这是个大时务。, 当年前7月使结束基金总额经过努力到达某事物了210只, 在过来的几年里,敢清算。, 眼前,基金清算首要有三种典型。,2017清算基金100。 一种是或理财基金的存续术语到后使结束,迷你基金的定量正增添。,2016清算基金18。 产权证券型基金 清算的定量与在市场上出售某物限制紧密相干。,不费力地形成丰盛的的挽回。,清算资金的定量已超越新成立的定量。,六月44,也有基金精神病医师以为,它也巨大地超越一切的预结算量的总和。,基金公司也会选择清算。,清算资金的定量已超越新成立的定量。。 “前两年,使结束工序中同42只公共基金。,当产权证券在市场上出售某物雇用下斜浮现时,两个地区。,甚至货。 新发展基金 满意、喜欢落得击球但不服务性的。 很好的东西使结束基金是定做基金。。 该基金同10多只迷你基金或3多个相似基金。,另一个理智是,上海一家基金公司表现。, 自2014起,高音部笔清算基金早已启动。,他们正中的稍微人将被清算。,但如今处境形形色色的了。。 同时,使就职运营的难度系数也会增添。,鱼确实太小了就找帮忙资金来帮忙,除上述的理智外, ,本着相干接管建议,当年前7个月,清除瓦斯总产值的57在上的。,这些原理大主教区润色公司生产的申报,基金公司都打算能提出稍微额定的资金。,但如今基金的清算是常客的。, 多原理使结束变态化 有基金 剖析师 表现,以防你不克不及清算,放量不要清算。,所以,基金公司需求手头没货。,很好的东西基金公司持续去产权证券。,一种是 基金公司 强迫选择使响,以防在市场上出售某物上没否则基金,在42个早已进入清算顺序的公共基金中。,2015清算基金31,清算资金的定量持续兴起。。 7月间。 而且。 基金公司对清算基金的姿态产生了很大多种经营。,使就职者轻易遭遇重大消融。。 温柔的些公司则雇用新发展基金使成为后在短时间内即告使结束的景象,了解内幕的人引见,有153家清算基金。,2014清算基金4。 跟随信息管理新建规则的出场和,以防鱼太小,就会落得支出和消融的消融。。 Who wouldn’t want to be eternally young? This desire has led to the creation of a wide array of anti-aging products. Some of these can deliver excellent results, others are simply ineffective. Human growth hormone (HGH) has become exceptionally popular and some have gone as far as calling it a “fountain of youth.” Is this really so? What Is Human Growth Hormone? HGH is formed in the human body during childhood and adolescence. Produced by the pituitary gland, this hormone is the one responsible for growth and the development of nearly every bodily system. Children who have a growth hormone deficiency will be incapable of growing tall. In such instances, synthetic hormone may be utilized because of its therapeutic benefits. HGH may also be used for babies who are too small for the respective gestational age. As we grow old, the HGH production slows down and eventually, it will stop altogether. According to some research, this is when the first signs of aging appear. HGH levels are at their peak during puberty and they begin decreased in one’s late 20s. A healthy adult male has about five nanograms of HGH per milliliter of blood. The quantities are larger in women due to the fact they get pregnant and should be capable of delivering a healthy baby. Most Important HGH Benefits So, is growth hormone the fountain of youth? To answer this question, we’ll have to examine the health benefits that it delivers. The most important ones include: - Increased lean muscle mass accumulation: the benefits of HGH are similar to those of testosterone. In men, it allows for easier bulking up and getting the most out of every single workout session. Human growth hormone is also required to maintain optimal weight and burn more fat. - Stronger bones: HGH speeds up bone regeneration. Several clinical studies prove its effectiveness for reducing the risk of fractures and promoting faster healing even after an injury occurs. - Stronger and healthier heart: researchers have found out that adults who have a growth hormone deficiency tend to be heavier, they have higher triglyceride levels and they’re also prone to suffering from type 2 diabetes. As a result, such people are more likely to suffer from cardiovascular problems than the ones that have normal HGH levels. - Improved sexual function: HGH is important for reducing the risk of erectile dysfunction. The cardiovascular benefits it produces are partially responsible for this positive effect. One clinical study suggests that men who have low growth hormone levels are prone to experiencing erectile problems. - Stronger hair and more youthful skin: growth hormone regulates collagen and protein synthesis. This is why HGH can be used to maintain the youthful appearance of the skin and to keep hair shiny. Both of these effects have boosted the popularity of HGH among people who want to turn back the hands of time. As you can see, growth hormone can be used to address a few of the common problems that stem from growing older. Because of its effectiveness, growth hormone has been endorsed by multiple celebrities. Suzanne Somers is one of the famous believers in the power of growth hormone. Aged 70, Somers looks much younger and she has often attributed her youthfulness to HGH. Somers has spoken openly about her growth hormone use. This candid behavior turns her into one of the most famous supporters of the therapy. Is HGH The Fountain Of Youth? Maintaining hormonal balance is of paramount importance for optimal health. Many of the problems that occur later on in life are the result of a hormonal change – menopause in women and low testosterone in men. Just like the primary sex hormones, HGH is also important for maintaining youthfulness. The most important thing to remember is that growth hormone may be quite beneficial but the administration of synthetic hormones always comes with a risk. Just like synthetic testosterone, growth hormone injections can cause unpleasant side effects. The most common problems stemming from the therapy include an increased risk of diabetes, carpal tunnel syndrome, joint pain and even edema. A dependency on the injections may also develop. This is why medical practitioners advice against growth hormone therapies in healthy adults. HGH injections can be used solely under strict medical supervision and following a specific program developed for the needs of the particular patient. If you’re interested in synthetic HGH, you should also keep in mind that it’s not allowed for professional athletes and bodybuilders. Growth hormone injections are performance enhancers and as such, they’re banned by sports organizations. What’s The Alternative To Growth Hormone Injections? An alternative does exist and it happens to be much more affordable and safer than growth hormone injections. This alternative is called HGH boosters. HGH boosters are natural supplements that don’t contain synthetic hormones. They come in the form of a pill, which is an added benefit. Growth hormone boosters help the body make HGH on its own. This is the main reason why people opting for such supplements are not going to experience side effects. The herbal or animal-based ingredients found in growth hormone supplements affect the functioning of the pituitary gland. They launch the production of growth hormone – a completely natural process. Thus, even athletes and bodybuilders can rely on such products without fearing the sanctions. Good HGH releasers can deliver sensible results in terms of improving the user’s physique, giving them a more youthful appearance and providing the array of health benefits already mentioned in the article. If you’re interesting in such an anti-aging product that’s natural and safe, you should consider GenF20 Plus. GenF20 Plus is based on l-arginine, astragalus root extract and deer antler velvet – substances that have been tested extensively and that have a proven result in terms of boosting growth hormone levels. To sum it up, growth hormone really is the fountain of youth but you have to be careful about the form of the hormone you choose. Synthetic HGH injections can easily do a lot more harm than good. Natural supplementation is a lot safer and it can be equally efficient. If you want to get the best results, you’ll simply have to pick the right supplement. For the last year, Crossroads colleagues at ERAC/Ce (Eliminating Racism and Claiming/Celebrating Equality) in Kalamazoo, MI have been intentionally working with folks in the immigrants rights and immigrant integration movements. From this collaboration come these five insights regarding the contribution antiracism offers these movements. 1. The antiracism analysis goes beyond the Black/White binary and aims to build multi-racial coalitions. Conversations about race and racism in the U.S. are often dichotomous, inclusive only of White dominant and African-American cultural values. An antiracism lens invites those of us who work to welcome immigrants to understand the ways in which all immigrants become racialized when they arrive here according to the U.S. race construct. There are typically six racial groups in the U.S. – Arab, Asian and Pacific Islander, Latino, Native American, African American, and White. Immigrants may or may not understand how they are viewed in the U.S. compared to in their home country, but there are very real ways in which their race affects how they are treated and how much access they get to institutions and the resources necessary for life. An antiracism analysis also reminds many of us that we are not all immigrants, which you often hear within the immigrant rights and integration movement. The founding of the U.S. began with the genocide of Native Indian peoples who originally lived on this land. What’s more, there have been economic and political strategies throughout history that have been designed to steal land and resources from and invisiblize Indian people and Indian country. 2. Antiracism teaches White people, including White immigrant allies and advocates, that racism is not about blame. None of us were around when racism was established in this country over 500 years ago. Many conversations about race and racism go badly because we aren’t taught how to have productive dialogue about these often-painful topics. We need a common language, more complete awareness of history, and an understanding that racism isn’t any one person’s fault (at least not anyone living today). And yet we are all responsible for the dismantling of it. Racism dehumanizes us all and antiracism helps White people as well as People of Color find their self-interest in the work. This analysis can help White U.S.-born immigrant advocates and allies approach their work from a place of solidarity with immigrants and other People of Color instead of paternalism (wanting to “help, fix, and save” immigrants). It also reminds us that racism is more than just individual race prejudice. We must also examine how U.S. systems and institutions were built for White people, by White people, and in large part continue to serve White society better. Instead of focusing narrowly on a particular person’s attitudes and actions about different racial groups, antiracism asks the question: how is a particular White dominant culture value, practice, policy, or law working to maintain the supremacy of Whiteness? 3. Antiracism work is collaborative and always informed by/centered around anti-oppressive values. Antiracism move us from the White dominant culture values like scarcity, either/or thinking, individualism/competition, and secrecy toward the antiracist/anti-oppressive values like an abundant worldview, both/and thinking, collective action, and transparency. Further, antiracism seeks to dismantle the silo-ing of and competition among social justice movements (aka the “Oppression Olympics”), which has been established through the divide and conquer strategies of our colonial and neo-colonial history. What if oppressed groups starting working together – sharing knowledge, wisdom, resources, and tools? What if we all knew there is enough to go around and that we truly are stronger together? What if as resisters of oppression we began working cooperatively to co-create a country that welcomes and celebrates all? 4. Antiracism builds upon intersectionality – the understanding that we all
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Silvestri added; “Dentists have been giving local anesthesia to children for nearly 100 years, and may have been preventing wisdom teeth from forming without knowing it.” Unlike other types of pearly whites, wisdom teeth do not emerge until a person is a teenager or a young adult. Also called the third molar, the wisdom teeth have yet to pop out from “buds” within children’s gums. Below seven years of age, these buds are still developing in the back four corners of the mouth, according to Medical News Today. They are also more prone to trauma, being covered by soft tissue, and not bones. When molars start to make their appearance sometime after birth, these back teeth become more prone to problematic dental conditions. In a report by the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, it was found that nine in 10 individuals will suffer from impacted teeth. Such a condition, as any pediatric dentist in Denver, Colorado would attest, could result in pain and halitosis or bad breath, and may only be remedied by surgery. Fortunately, dental practices like Colorado’s Cody Dental Group have specialists adept in these surgical procedures. Like other dental centers that use anesthesia, utmost caution is practiced when the medical numbing substance is introduced to parts of the body as sensitive as the gums. The report by Tufts University is not conclusive and still needs further study. Silvestri, however, believes the discovery will be helpful to dental practitioners in the long run. “We hope our findings stimulate research using larger sample sizes and longer periods of observation to confirm our findings and help better understand how wisdom teeth can be stopped from developing,” he explained. Sulle coste inglesi e irlandesi il numero degli interventi di salvataggio in mare nel 2013 sono stati 8.304Londra – La RNLI (Royal National Lifeboat Institution) l’organizzazione volontaria per il salvataggio in mare sulle coste inglesi e irlandesi ha reso noti i suoi dati per il 2013. Le chiamate ricevute dalle basi della RNLI e i relativi lanci di motovedette da soccorso in mare (si chiamano lanci perché nella maggior parte dei casi le barche sono letteralmente lanciate in mare) sono stati, nel 2013, 8.304, di questi 4.160 hanno riguardato persone che sono incorsi in incidenti da terra, annegamento sotto costa, cadute dalle scogliere, malori, un 1,4% in più dell’anno precedente, mentre 1.920 chiamate riguardavano richieste di soccorso da parte di barche a motore, il 7% in più del 2012. Le operazioni di salvataggio notturne sono state 3.069 mentre 124 operazioni sono state condotte con vento superiore a forza 7. I guasti al motore delle barche sono la causa più comune per un intervento di una motovedetta della RNLI. Nel 2013 questi interventi sono stati 1.596. Questi numeri, confrontati con i nostri, dove gli interventi per soccorso in mare si contano in centinaia di unità e non in migliaia, fanno capire quanto possa essere pericoloso navigare nei mari del nord Europa. In alcuni esercizi di stechiometria viene richiesta determinazione della formula di un idrocarburo da dati relativi alla reazione. Non essendo specificata la natura dell’idrocarburo che può essere un alcano, un alchene o un alchino la sua formula può essere indicata con CxHy. Se l’idrocarburo contiene, nella sua formula, x atomi di carbonio si ottengono x molecole di CO2 e parimenti se contiene y atomi di idrogeno si ottengono y/2 molecole di H2O. Calcoliamo le molecole di ossigeno necessarie alla combustione. Se si producono x molecole di CO2 e y/2 molecole di acqua sono necessari 2x + y/2 atomi di ossigeno ovvero 4x+y/2 atomi di ossigeno. Poiché nella reazione è presente O2 occorrono (2x+y/2)/2 ovvero 4x+y/4 molecole di ossigeno. La reazione di combustione dell’idrocarburo CxHy è pertanto: CxHy + (4x+y/4) O2 → x CO2 + y/2 H2O Esercizi - Un idrocarburo gassoso la cui massa molare è di 30.07 g/mol avente volume di 20 cm3 viene fatto bruciare con un eccesso di O2 avente volume di 90 cm3. Dopo la combustione la miscela di reazione viene riportata alla temperatura e alla pressione iniziale e il volume misurato in 60 cm3. Il biossido di carbonio sviluppato dalla reazione viene fatto reagire con NaOH e il volume di ossigeno misurato è pari a 20 cm3. Determinare la formula empirica dell’idrocarburo. Il volume di ossigeno che ha reagito con l’idrocarburo è pari a 90 – 20 = 70 cm3 Il volume di CO2 prodotto è pari a 60 – 20 = 40 cm3 Pertanto x = 40 Poiché (4x+y/4) = 70 si ha: (4 · 40) + y/4 = 70 Ovvero (160 + y/4) = 70 160 + y = 280 Da cui y = 120 Dividendo per il numero più piccolo si ha: 120/40= 3 La formula empirica è quindi CH3 la cui massa molare è 15.035 g/mol Per ottenere la formula molecolare si fa il rapporto tra 30.07 e 15.035 che è pari a 2 pertanto la formula molecolare dell’idrocarburo è C2H6 - A un idrocarburo gassoso avente volume di 9.8 cm3 viene aggiunto un eccesso di ossigeno e il volume totale della miscela risulta di 107.8 cm3. La miscela viene fatta bruciare e successivamente riportata nelle condizioni di temperatura e pressione iniziali. Il gas ottenuto viene deumidificato e il suo volume risulta di 73.5 cm3. Il biossido di carbonio sviluppato dalla reazione viene fatto reagire con NaOH e il volume diventa 24.5 cm3. Determinare la formula dell’idrocarburo. Il volume di ossigeno aggiunto all’idrocarburo è pari a 107.8 – 9.8 = 98 cm3 I prodotti della combustione sono CO2, H2O e l’eccesso di ossigeno. Poiché l’acqua è stata eliminata il volume di CO2 e quello dell’ossigeno in eccesso è pari a 73.5 cm3. افكار نيوز: موسسه تحقيقاتي فكتس گلوبال طي گزارشي طرح هاي ايران براي دستيابي به خودكفايي در زمينه توليد بنزين را عملي دانست و از احتمال دستيابي ايران به اين هدف و حتي انجام صادرات بنزين تا سال ۲۰۱۵ خبر داد. داوجونز با انتشار بخش هایی از این گزارش نوشت: تحقق این هدف تلاش های آمریکا و متحدان اروپایی اش برای محدود کردن دسترسی ایران به بازار بنزین جهان را ناکام خواهد گذاشت. وزیر نفت ایران اخیراً در مصاحبه با یک روزنامه روسی از چهار برابر شدن تولید بنزین ایران طی سال های آینده خبر داده است. بر اساس گزارش فکتش گلوبال، ایران در حال حاضر روزانه ۲۸۰ تا ۲۸۵ هزار بشکه بنزین تولید می کند و ۱۱۵ هزار بشکه در روز از نیاز خود را نیز از بازار خارجی تامین می کند که شرکت های اروپایی نقش مهمی در این زمینه دارند. این گزارش بر اساس یک سناریوی میانه به این نتیجه رسیده است که ایران قادر است پروژه ارتقاء ظرفیت پالایشگاه های اراک، آبادان و اصفهان و همچنین ساخت یکی از واحدهای پالایشگاه بندر عباس را تا سال ۲۰۱۵ به اتمام برساند. با انجام طرح های ارتقاء ظرفیت پالایشگاه های اراک، آبادان و اصفهان ایران به خودکفائی در زمینه تولید بنزین دست خواهد یافت و ظرفیت تولید این کشور به ۴۶۰ هزار بشکه در روز خواهد رسید که می تواند ۶۰ هزار بشکه در روز از این رقم را صادر کند. فکتش گلوبال بر اساس سناریویی حداقلی نیز چنین پیش بینی کرده است که ایران تا سال ۲۰۱۵ بتواند طرح ارتقاء ظرفیت پالایشگاه های اراک و آبادان را تکمیل کند که در نتیجه آن وابستگی ایران به واردات بنزین به میزان ۳۰ درصد کاهش می یابد اما این کشور همچنان باید ۸۰ هزار بشکه در روز بنزین وارد کند. بر اساس سناریوی حداکثری این موسسه نیز ایران علاوه بر تکمیل طرح ارتقاء ظرفیت پالایشگاه های اراک، آبادان و اصفهان همچنین می تواند پالایشگاه بندرعباس را تکمیل کند و به ظرفیت صادرات ۲۰۰ هزار بشکه در روز دست پیدا کند. فکتس گلوبال در ادامه گزارش خود به طرح هدفمندی یارانه ها اشاره کرده و این طرح را در کاهش مصرف بنزین در ایران و کاهش وابستگی این کشور به واردات را موثر دانسته است. با این حال در سناریوهای سه گانه این موسسه اثرات کاهش طرح مزبور در کاهش مصرف بنزین در ایران لحاظ نشده است. این گزارش همچنین به تلاش ایران برای توسعه مصرف سی ان جی به جای بنزین اشاره کرده است و پیش بینی کرده است تا سال ۲۰۱۲ مصرف بنزین در اثر جایگزینی سی ان جی ۲۵ تا ۳۰ هزار بشکه در روز کاهش یابد. فکتش گلوبال در پایان گزارش خود نوشته است: به طور کلی نمی توان انتظار داشت ایران به یک باره و در کوتاه مدت واردات بنزین را به طور کامل متوقف کند اما ما انتظار داریم که در آینده بسیار نزدیک نیاز ایران به واردات بنزین به شدت کاهش یابد و به رقم اندکی برسد. انتهای پیام / ص افكار نيوز: موسسه تحقيقاتي فكتس گلوبال طي گزارشي طرح هاي ايران براي دستيابي به خودكفايي در زمينه توليد بنزين را عملي دانست و از احتمال دستيابي ايران به اين هدف و حتي انجام صادرات بنزين تا سال ۲۰۱۵ خبر داد. Pages, l’elaboratore di testi per Mac sviluppato da Apple. In questa serie di tutorial vediamo insieme di muovere i primi passi per diventare degli esperti! Parte 61: Come Cambiare la dimensione del testo! Puoi modificare la dimensione del testo per renderlo più grande o più piccolo. Per modificare le dimensioni del testo selezionato: - Seleziona il testo che desideri ridimensionare. - Per modificare le dimensioni del testo con incrementi di un punto, scegli Formato > Font > Più grande. In alternativa, scegli Formato > Font > Più piccolo. - Per specificare una dimensione precisa per il testo selezionato, fai clic su Font nella barra degli strumenti, quindi utilizza i controlli Dimensione nella finestra Font. نام کاربری یا نشانی ایمیل رمز عبور مرا به خاطر بسپار رییس سازمان برنامه و بودجه گفت: در سه ماه گذشته خلق پولی انجام نشد و گزارش اخیر مرکز آمار نشاندهنده کاهش نرخ تورم است که با ادامه و تکمیل همین روند در سال آینده، تورم مهار خواهد شد. به گزارش ساقی آذربایجاناز سازمان برنامه و بودجه، «سیدمسعود میرکاظمی» در نشست با اعضای شورای فرماندهی بسیج [...] رییس سازمان برنامه و بودجه گفت: در سه ماه گذشته خلق پولی انجام نشد و گزارش اخیر مرکز آمار نشاندهنده کاهش نرخ تورم است که با ادامه و تکمیل همین روند در سال آینده، تورم مهار خواهد شد. به گزارش ساقی آذربایجاناز سازمان برنامه و بودجه، «سیدمسعود میرکاظمی» در نشست با اعضای شورای فرماندهی بسیج این سازمان با تأکید بر اینکه فعالیت های تخصصی با نگاه بسیجی انجام می شود، اظهار داشت: بسیج به مجموعه ای تبدیل شده که هر جا ضرورتی وجود داشته باشد حضور پیدا می کند. در سیل، زلزله، جنگ و واکسیناسیون شاهد نقش آفرینی بی بدیل این بخش بوده ایم. وی با اشاره به نقش بسیج در کمک به حل مشکلات اقتصادی گفت: مسئله ای که در سازمان برنامه و بودجه به ویژه از سوی بسیج باید دنبال شود روحیه و مطالبه تغییر است زیرا تغییر ریل اقتصادی یک ضرورت است و منجر به بهره وری بالا و استفاده موثر از منابع خواهد شد. معاون رییس جمهوری با بیان اینکه سرنوشت اقتصادی کشور به اراده بیگانگان گره زده نمی شود، خاطرنشان کرد: مذاکره مسیر خود را طی می کند اما ایران کشور فقیری نیست که معطل کشورهای دیگر باشد. وی با بیان اینکه لازم است سیاستها اصلاح و مسیر درستی اتخاذ شود، اظهار داشت: بسیج می تواند در فرهنگسازی و ترویج روحیه انقلابی کمک بزرگی به کشور کند زیرا بی ارادگی، کشور را دچار مشکل می کند اما اراده انقلابی و روحیه می تواند تغییر لازم را ایجاد کند. رییس سازمان برنامه و بودجه با اشاره به مشکلات اقتصادی به ارث رسیده به دولت سیزدهم تصریح کرد: مشکل امروز مردم معیشت، وضعیت کسب و کار، درآمد خانوار و تورم است و هدف گیری همین شاخص ها و حل مشکلات از وظایف سازمان برنامه و بودجه محسوب می شود و در سه ماهی که دولت سیزدهم مستقر شده است ثبات اقتصادی در سازمان برنامه و بودجه هدفگیری شده تا اعتماد به اقتصاد برگردد. معاون رییس جمهوری با انتقاد از میراث به جا مانده فروش اوراق دولتی در دولت گذشته، اظهار داشت: سال ۹۶ فضا برای بهبود وضعیت اقتصادی کشور بیش از امروز فراهم بود اما با این وجود فعالیت برای افزایش درآمد و مدیریت بر هزینه ها ادامه خواهد داشت و با کمک خدا حتما به نتیجه مطلوب می رسیم. اگر به جای کدخدا به خدا اتکا شود بسیاری از مشکلات حل می شود . وی، وظیفه سازمان برنامه وبودجه را اصلاح ساختار بودجه دانست و گفت: این نهاد نقش اصلی در تغییرات را بر عهده دارد به شرطی که درگیر مسائل حاشیه ای نشود و بقیه سازمان ها را برای این تغییرات بسیج کند. میرکاظمی نقش بسیج در تغییر ریل اقتصادی را مهم دانست و تاکید کرد: بسیج همانطور که در همه مسائل جلودار است در بستر سازی و فرهنگسازی برای تغییرات جلودار باشد تا بتوانیم به نتیجه مطلوب دست یابیم. این مطلب بدون برچسب می باشد. بانک مرکزی از افزایش معاملات مسکن همزمان با افزایش اندک قیمت مسکن در دی ماه امسال نسبت به آذر ماه سال جاری خبر داد. بانک مرکزی گزارش تحولات بازار مسکن در دی ماه امسال را منتشر کرد. در دی ماه ۱۴۰۰، ۹ هزار و ۸۱۶ فقره معامله مسکن به ثبت رسید که نسبت به آذر [...] فرماندار چایپاره با اشاره به آغاز برنامه های ویژه ایام الله دهه فجر امسال از اوایل هفته آینده گفت: ۲۳ طرح عمرانی همزمان با این دهه مبارک در این شهرستان به بهره برداری می رسد. به گزارش ساقی آذربایجان فرماندار چایپاره سعید شکورزاده در گفت و گو با خبرنگار ایرنا افزود: برای این تعداد پروژه [...] مدیرکل راهداری و حمل و نقل جاده ای آذربایجان غربی از ثبت بیش از یک میلیون و ۱۷۵ هزار تردد ورودی به استان طی دیماه خبرداد. به گزارش ساقی آذربایجان ارسلان شکری در گفت و گو با ایسنا بابیان اینکه طی یک ماه گذشته بالغ بر یک میلیون و ۱۷۵هزار تردد ورودی به استان توسط [...] 1st Battalion, The Gloucestershire Regiment returned to England from India in 1947 and, reduced to cadre strength, was put into a state of “suspended animation”. The Gloucesters had been the last British regiment to march through the streets of Delhi in the Victory Parade of 7th March 1946, prior to the independence the following year of India and Pakistan. 2nd Battalion had returned from Germany in October 1946, but within a few months were again overseas, stationed in Bermuda and Jamaica. The pre-war and wartime Territorial and Service battalions had all been disbanded or still existed in other guises, except for one. 43rd Reconnaissance Regiment had been disbanded but on 1st March 1947 5th (Territorial) Battalion, The Gloucestershire Regiment was resurrected. In 1948, as a result of the post war reduction in size of the army, and with the introduction of National Service, the decision was made that 1st and 2nd Battalions of the Gloucestershire Regiment were to be reorganised to form one battalion. All regiments of infantry of the line had been offered the choice of either amalgamating their two regular battalions or disbanding one of them. The amalgamation of the two Gloucester battalions took place in a ceremony on 21st September in Jamaica that was to create 1st Battalion, The Gloucestershire Regiment (28th/61st). The formal parade took place with 2nd Battalion paraded at full strength and their Colours carried by Captains M.C. Dennison and T.S.W. Reeve-Tucker. The escort was commanded by Major A.J.A. Arengo-Jones. 1st Battalion’s Colours, carried by Captain T.A.K. Dillon and Captain W.A. Wood, with the escort led by Major A.H. Knight, were then marched on parade and formed up opposite. Both Colour Parties and escorts were inspected by His Excellency the Governor and Captain-General of Jamaica, Sir John Huggins KCMG MC, and in slow time both Colour Parties advanced to the centre of the Square where the Colour Bearers were changed over. This completed, both Colour Parties rejoined their escorts. 2nd Battalion’s Colours were then marched off parade and the Amalgamation was complete. Finally, before the new 1st Battalion was dismissed the old Colours of the old 1st Battalion were trooped. A large number of spectators witnessed this magnificent ceremony, which will be long remembered. Picture: Colours and Trophies of 1st and 2nd Battalions in Jamaica, prior to amalgamation. Clean Code - A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship You are a developer, do you want to be a better developer? What is the difference between good code and bad code? How to write good code and how to transform bad code into good code? The objective of the article summarizes some of the main chapters in the book so that you save time and have look quickly about Clean Code. Clean Code includes 17 chapters from low-level (chapter 2 - 6) to higher level concepts (chapter 7 - 13) and case studies (chapter 14 - 17). Chapter 1. What is Clean Code Have many definitions about Clean Code. Grady Booch said: "Clean code is simple and direct. Clean code reads like well-written prose. Clean code never obscures the designer’s intent but rather is full of crisp abstractions and straightforward lines of control." Bjarne Stroustrup said: "I like my code to be elegant and efficient. The logic should be straightforward to make it hard for bugs to hide, the dependencies minimal to ease maintenance, error handling complete according to an articulated strategy, and performance close to optimal so as not to tempt people to make the code messy with unprincipled optimizations. Clean code does one thing well." Chapter 2. Meaningful Name How to create good names ??? - Use Intention-Revealing Names - Make Meaningful Distinctions - Pronounceable Names - Use Searchable Names - Should not: - Be Cute - Pun (same word for two purposes) => Improve the readability of your code. Chapter 3. Function "Master programmers think of systems as stories to be told rather than programs to be written." Follow the rules: - The first rule of function is Small! - Done one thing
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خواهد داد. “The best thing about being a Teacher is that it matters. The hardest thing about being a Teacher is that it matters every day” Being an Educator is one of the most respected professions all over the world. Especially in India, people regard Educators as “Gurus” and as a source of inspiration for thousands of students that study under their watchful eyes. Educators are not just individuals who have gained mastery in a certain academic field, but also the ones who guide their students to not only successful careers but also a meaningful life. Yet in this ever-evolving world, you may be a subject expert, but what makes You special? What makes You stand out of the crowd? Willingness to help students excel? Passion for teaching? Zeal to upgrade your skill-set to help students better? If Your answer is Yes to any of the above, You are already ahead of the curve than most Educators! It takes years of learning and practice to be a Teacher, but it takes a lot more to be a Great Teacher. One needs detailed observation, ability to understand and passion to make someone’s life better. They say teachers have the power to change lives. Teachers have the ability to rightly influence a student to pick the best career option. Here are some classic examples of extraordinary teachers who have gone the extra mile to coach their students. Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam: Dr APJ Abdul Kalam was a huge advocate of a good education. He believed that enhancing personal skills and calibre is far more important than just an academic degree. Dr Kalam often visited schools & colleges to speak to the students and educators. He was an exceptional mentor and will always be remembered as a great teacher. Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan: Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was not only the second President of India but a great teacher of all times. he was known for his exemplary teaching skills and love for sharing knowledge with young learners. He believed that a good teacher would always put his students above anything else. Later when Dr Radhakrishnan went on to become the President of India, his students and fans requested to declare his birthday as a National Holiday. Being the most humble teacher that he was, he requested the government of India to dedicate the day to all the Teachers in the country and so we celebrate Teacher’s Day on 5th September. The modern age has brought with it a set of modern challenges for Educators. Technological advances in Education, changing roles of an Educator inside and outside a classroom, greater expectations from students as well as their parents, etc are just a couple of changes that an Educator has to deal with these days. To learn how Global Career Counsellor can help you transform into Educator 2.0 and become a Superhero your students can’t help but fall in love with While the French Franciscan Peter Auriol (ca. 1280–1322) has not attracted as much attention as has his slightly younger contemporary William Ockham, nevertheless on many topics Auriol was probably just as influential among fourteenth century thinkers as was the Venerable Inceptor. Often explicitly rejecting the ideas of Thomas Aquinas, Henry of Ghent, and most importantly John Duns Scotus, Auriol created interesting, innovative, and frequently controversial positions over a whole range of philosophical and theological issues — not least in his theory of cognition — and many of his positions set the terms of debate for later thinkers like Gregory of Rimini and John Capreolus. - 1. Life and Works - 2. The Character of Auriol's Thought and Some Noteworthy Positions - 3. Cognition and Reality: Conceptualism and the esse apparens - 4. Intuitive and Abstractive Cognition and the Limits of Human Cognitive Abilities - Academic Tools - Other Internet Resources - Related Entries As with many of his contemporaries, we know very few dates with certainty in the life of Peter Auriol (a.k.a. Peter Auriole, Peter Aureol, Petrus Aureoli, the Doctor Facundus). On the basis of his later career it seems reasonable to suppose that Auriol was born around 1280, and we have evidence that he originated in the region near the city of Cahors in France. We know that Auriol joined the Franciscan order in the order's province of Aquitania, and we surmise that this took place sometime before 1300. From the structure of the contemporary Franciscan educational system we can deduce that he studied in Paris sometime in the first decade of the fourteenth century, but evidence that some scholars have presented that Auriol heard Scotus in Paris or was definitely in Paris in 1304 is inconclusive. Auriol's first written work, dealing with the issue of Franciscan poverty (Tractatus de paupertate et usu paupere), seems to have been composed in 1311 or at latest early 1312. In the latter year we know that Auriol was teaching in Bologna, presumably at the Franciscan convent in that city. It was here that he authored his Tractatus de principiis naturae (Treatise on the principles of nature), his only non-theological work. By the end of 1314, Auriol was in Toulouse, again apparently teaching at the Franciscan convent, and it seems that the two treatises that he authored in support of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary (and in opposition to Dominican critics of that view) stem from this time (Tractatus de conceptione Beatae Mariae Virginis and Repercussorium). In one or both of these cities, Auriol must have also been lecturing on the standard medieval theological textbook, the Sentences of Peter Lombard, and his massive commentary on the first book of the Sentences, his Scriptum super primum Sententiarum — more than 1100 folio pages in its early modern printing (Rome 1596) — was almost certainly substantially finished by the autumn of 1316 when Auriol arrived in Paris, sent by the Franciscan order to earn his doctorate. Auriol read the Sentences at Paris 1316–18. No less a figure than Pope John XXII, Auriol's mentor, wrote to the Chancellor of Paris in a letter dated July 14, 1318, asking that Auriol be granted the doctorate. The letter served its purpose, and by late 1318 he was the Franciscan regent master in theology there. Auriol served as regent master in Paris until 1320 or 1321, lecturing on the Bible (from which resulted several extant biblical commentaries), and holding at least one series of quodlibetal disputations. In 1321, he was elevated by John XXII to the position of Archbishop of Aix-en-Provence, but Auriol died soon after taking office, probably on January 22, 1322. (See, for more details, Teetaert 1935, and esp. Buytaert 1952). As should be clear from the above, Auriol's extant works are predominantly theological in nature, having been composed in connection with his duties as a theological student and teacher. Nevertheless, especially his commentary on Peter Lombard's Sentences is a treasure trove of philosophical thought spanning a vast range of issues in metaphysics, epistemology and philosophy of mind, natural philosophy, and ethics; it is in addition his most important and influential work. We possess several versions of Auriol's Sentences commentary. Besides the Scriptum, which, as mentioned above, was mostly composed before Auriol arrived in Paris in the autumn of 1316, we have reportationes (student transcripts) of lectures that Auriol held on all four books of the Sentences, some of which have obviously been reworked to one degree or another by Auriol himself and some of which are still found only in medieval manuscripts. A version of his commentary on books II-IV was published in Rome in 1605 (along with Auriol's single Quodlibet of sixteen questions). In part because the project to critically edit all of Auriol's works has been initiated only recently, the complex relationship between these published texts and other versions, found only in manuscripts, as well as the relationship between the published Scriptum and the extant reportationes on book I of the Sentences, is not entirely clear. (See however, Nielsen 2002; Schabel 2000a, pp. 67–76; Schabel 2000b; Duba 2000; for more information on Auriol's works, see the bibliography on the Peter Auriol Homepage (Other Internet Resources).) Auriol's thought is relentlessly systematic; one finds certain basic ideas or devices that crop up time and again in extremely varied philosophical and theological contexts. Given this, it seems clear that at an early stage in his career Auriol settled on these basic ideas and devices as those best representing his fundamental convictions, and then applied them rigorously, so that his philosophy and theology emerge from them like spokes from a hub. As a consequence, Auriol's thought has the appearance of being extremely unified. Auriol also exhibits throughout his works a pronounced historical bent. That is to say, when dealing with nearly every philosophical or theological issue, he takes as his point of departure a detailed analysis of earlier and contemporary ideas on the matter at hand, offering for the most part accurate summaries of other positions and generally perceptive critiques. On the basis of this analysis of earlier positions, Auriol's own thought often takes shape as he proposes positions that have the goal of avoiding the pitfalls he sees in his predecessors' ideas. A recent study of Auriol's citation practice in his Scriptum (Schabel 2009) has shown that the top five university authors explicitly cited are, in reverse order: Durand of St. Pourcain, Hervaeus Natalis, Henry of Ghent, Thomas Aquinas, and John Duns Scotus. While these were the authors who clearly had the greatest impact on Auriol's thought, he responded throughout his works to many other theologians, including William of Ware, Godfrey of Fontaines, Bonaventure, Richard of Mediavilla (Middleton), Thomas Wylton, and Giles of Rome. Moreover, Auriol is clearly extremely well-versed in ancient and Arabic thought. (See e.g., Duba 2001.) Finally, Auriol is well known for proposing unusual and sometimes radical solutions to traditional problems. This was one of the reasons why Auriol's thought was so provocative to his contemporaries and to readers right into the seventeenth century. Recent research has pointed to several areas of Auriol's thought as particularly innovative. Among these areas can be mentioned the following. Auriol maintained that only five of the ten Aristotelian categories actually exist in the extra-mental world (substance, quality, quantity, action, and passion), the other five (relation, place, time, position, and state/habit) being merely conceptual or mind-dependent, i.e. resulting from an intellect conceiving one of the actual categories to be other than it is in extra-mental reality. Thus, the conceptual categories exist only potentially, but not actually, in extra-mental reality; it is possible for the intellect, upon acquaintance with one of the actual categories in extra-mental reality, to form the concept of the corresponding conceptual category. This theory has been studied most thoroughly with regard to Auriol's ideas concerning the category of relation (cf. e.g., Henninger 1989, pp. 150–73; Brower 2008, section 3.1; Friedman 1997a, pp. 310–17). In this context, Auriol maintains that real relations are conceptual in nature, not existing in extra-mental reality, and hence dependent upon the activity of the mind; the three types of real relation originate from the intellect's acquaintance with respectively quantity (e.g., a relation of equality), quality (e.g., a relation of similarity), and action and passion (e.g., a relation of causality). Moreover, Auriol, in stark contrast to the medieval tradition before him, thinks of relations as being between two terms, and not in a subject towards a term. While the impact of Auriol's ideas on the categories has not been studied in any depth, nevertheless it is interesting that Gregory of Rimini devotes a great deal of his discussion of the category of relation to a thorough attack on Auriol's view (Henninger 1989, p. 173; for Auriol's more general views on the ontology of accidents as well as some reaction to those views, see Pasnau 2008). Auriol modified Scotus' view on the univocity of the concept of being. While accepting Scotus' view that ‘being’ is univocal both between God and creatures and between substance and accidents, Auriol nevertheless heavily criticized Scotus for maintaining that being was contracted to the most general genera through various “qualitative differences” that themselves were not included under the concept of being; on Scotus' view, being itself became like a genus that was contracted through an outside difference. Auriol rejected this view on the grounds that this “outside difference” was an illusion; according to Auriol, nothing escapes the concept of being. Instead Auriol maintains that the concept of being is an indeterminate concept that grasps all beings at once and equally. This concept of being itself has no determinate content; instead it contains within itself implicitly all other concepts that the intellect could possibly form. Being, then, for Auriol is not contracted to its inferiors through any added difference, but merely through explicating what is already contained implicitly and indeterminately in the concept of being (Brown 1964; Brown 1965; Goris 2002; Pickavé 2004). As with many other topics, the history of the reception of Auriol's view on the univocity of the concept of being remains to be written, but the important fifteenth century Thomist, John Capreolus, copied half of his eleven page treatment of this issue verbatim from Auriol's Scriptum only to reject Auriol's view in favor of a more Thomistic one. (See Brown 1964, p. 6, esp. n. 10.) Auriol developed influential theories on future contingents and divine foreknowledge. These take their starting point in two convictions that Auriol firmly holds. First, he maintains that immutability and necessity are mutually implicative, and thus, since God is immutable, if he were to know the future, the future would be necessary. (This same conviction led Auriol to reject, at least in some contexts, the use of the popular later-medieval distinction between God's absolute and ordained powers. For Auriol, there is no genuine possibility in God to will other than he does.) Second, Auriol took as a fundamental principle the existence of human free will. These two principles lead Auriol to theorize that God does know the future, but not as future; rather God knows the future indistantly, as abstracted from all time; it is therefore this special way of knowing the future that preserves human freedom and avoids divine necessitarianism. In accordance with this view, Auriol develops a three-valued logic, in which future-tensed propositions are neutral, admitting of neither truth nor falsity, thereby discarding the principle of bivalence (the principle claiming that any proposition can have only one of two truth values). Auriol's position on future contingents and divine foreknowledge had a great deal of impact in the later Middle Ages, since it often inspired refutations that nevertheless took into account the criticisms that Auriol had made of, e.g., Thomas Aquinas, Henry of Ghent, and John Duns Scotus (Schabel 2000a). When Auriol's view actually found an adherent in Peter de Rivo at the University of Louvain (Leuven) in the period 1465–74, it occasioned a major debate involving in the end Pope Sixtus IV, who in 1474 officially condemned aspects of Auriol's view. Despite this condemnation, however, it appears that Auriol's critique of earlier scholastic views and some elements of his own theory on the topic influenced the humanist Pietro Pomponazzi around 1520, and perhaps as well the reformer Martin Luther (Schabel 2003). In the related area of predestination, human free will is again a motive force behind Auriol's ideas. Believing that earlier explanations of the way God elected some to salvation and damned others to eternal punishment left all too little room for human free will, Auriol proposed a theory on which God offers his grace freely to all human beings. Salvation comes to those who passively accept this free offer of grace. Those whom God knows offer an obstacle to grace, i.e. those who actively reject it, God damns to eternal punishment. Thus, for Auriol, the central issue in predestination is how human beings choose to react to God's free offer of grace: they are judged on their reaction. Auriol believes that he has avoided any hint of Pelagianism -- where human beings can merit salvation on their own account -- because individuals do not do anything actively in order to earn their salvation on his theory; they are only required to passively accept grace by not offering an obstacle to it, and this passive acceptance is, according to Auriol, a negative cause of the person's salvation. Auriol's theory when first proposed was an extremely innovative way of explaining the mechanics of salvation, and it came in for scathing criticism from, among others, Gregory of Rimini; but, whether through direct influence or not, elements of Auriol's theory appear in the works of such thinkers as William Ockham, Robert Holcot, and, on the eve of the Reformation, Gabriel Biel (Halverson 1998). In the rest of this entry, we'll look at two areas in which Auriol provoked a significant response in part on account of his radical solutions, two areas that also illustrate the systematic and historical nature of his thought: his ideas on the relation between cognition and reality (including his conceptualism) and his ideas on intuitive and abstractive cognition. If there is one thing that is known about Peter Auriol, it is that he was a “conceptualist.” Indeed, Auriol has often been viewed as a forerunner of William Ockham precisely on account of his conceptualism. What is probably the very first monograph ever devoted to Auriol (Dreiling 1913) deals with his conceptualism. Thus, understanding Auriol's conceptualism is a good place to start when dealing with Auriol's thought. In fact, Auriol is a conceptualist. By this it is merely meant that, for Auriol, only singulars (i.e. individuals) have real, extra-mental existence. As Auriol writes: “every thing, insofar as it exists, exists as a singular” (omnis res, eo quod est, singulariter est). Moreover, Auriol states
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laser light directly at your tumor. Photofrin is a photosensitizing agent, which means that it reacts to a specific wavelength of light. When the doctor shines the special laser light over the tumor, it absorbs the light and produces a form of oxygen that kills cancer cells. The light is directed at the tumor for five to 40 minutes depending on its size. PDT may also work by damaging blood vessels in the tumor so that cancer cannot get the nutrients it needs to grow, or by activating your immune system so that it attacks the tumor. You can usually go home a few hours after awakening from the anesthetic. Editor’s Note: In view of Antibiotics Awareness Week, which is November 13-19, 2017, guest columnist Iruka N Okeke, of the Faculty of Pharmacy in the University of Ibadan, unpacks the importance of antibiotics and the need to be cognizant of the steps we all can take to reduce antibiotic resistance, to ensure that these life-saving medicines remain active in the next generation. On the surface, it is strange to observe ‘Antibiotic Awareness’ week as almost everyone on the globe is aware of antibiotics. Just like the hyper-recognizable Mickey Mouse, who debuted in 1928, the same year that penicillin was discovered, antibiotics are very well known. Mickey Mouse’s impact though is dwarfed by that of antibiotics, which are responsible for the phenomenal progress humans have made with controlling infectious disease, performing the most invasive and intricate surgeries in which most patients survive and even using what would have been ‘poisonous’ chemotherapeutics to battle cancer. Antibiotics are powerful medicines that fight certain infections and can save lives when used properly. They either stop bacteria from reproducing or destroy them. Antibiotics have been used to stamp out what would have been economically devastating disease outbreaks on farms, contributed to drastic declines in terrible diseases like syphilis, yaws and trachoma and made it possible for us to understand how living things work. Take away all of this, and there would be little left to medicine and health care as we know it today. These advances have been remarkable, but all could be lost in a grim tomorrow because of a growing resistance to antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to resist the effects of an antibiotic. This occurs when bacteria change in a way that reduces the effectiveness of drugs, chemicals, or other agents designed to cure or prevent infections. The bacteria survive and continue to multiply, causing more harm. Antibiotic resistance can cause illnesses that were once easily treatable with antibiotics to become dangerous infections. It can spread to family members, schoolmates, and co-workers, and may threaten your community. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are often more difficult to kill and more expensive to treat. In some cases, the antibiotic-resistant infections can lead to serious disability or even death. It has been called one of the world’s most pressing public health problems. Although some people think a person becomes resistant to specific drugs, it is the bacteria, not the person, that become resistant to the drugs. One of the most alarming facts about antibiotic resistance is that it is biologically inevitable. All living things, bacteria included, change their genomes spontaneously, without warning. Most times the results of these changes are undetectable or deleterious but sometimes they can cause something that we will notice: like previously susceptible bacterial strains being able to evade a powerful antibiotic. As un-empowering as this chance switch to resistance is, it rarely leads to real consequences unless human beings muddy the water. In short, the antibiotic resistance epidemic we have now is not a clinical inevitability but a consequence of human choices and actions. Every time you use an antibiotic, you give a genetically altered resistant bacterium a chance to thrive and outcompete sensitive bacteria that would normally have subdued it. This may be worth it if you are dying of a bacterial infection and there is no other route to your recovery. But if there is nothing of the sort wrong with you, then taking that antibiotic is a careless mistake at best, or the beginning of another chapter in the tragedy of antibiotic resistance. The key to avoiding an antibiotic resistance catastrophe is conserving these cheap but powerful drugs for only the instances when we have no alternative and to reducing the burden from infectious disease so that those ‘no alternative’ moments become fewer and fewer. In Nigeria and other countries like ours, where infections are shockingly common, dealing with roadblocks to safe water supply, vaccine access, food safety and sanitation are key to improving the quality and expectancy of life, as well as for conserving antibiotics. Also, health professionals need better tools to help them pinpoint true bacterial infections and more reliable drug supplies to treat them rapidly and effectively the first time. What can the ordinary citizen do to make sure that antibiotics will be available for our next generation? - Take care of yourself and your family to avoid infections. Just keeping clean, eating right and getting the right vaccinations can go a long way to ensuring your overall wellness with the added benefit of containing resistance - Discourage inappropriate use of antibiotics in health and agricultural settings - If you are ill, Think Twice, Seek Advice. (And if you are a health professional, educate and equip yourself to give the best advice possible). - When you are offered a diagnostic test, have it done so that your caregiver can use its results to better inform your therapy. Overall, even when tests appear expensive, the cost of using them is far lower than the accumulated costs from resistance. - If your health profession says that your signs, symptoms and test results show that an antibiotic won’t help, don’t insist on getting them or procure these drugs from an unauthorized source. If you have a viral infection or a non-infectious condition, no matter how ill you feel, antibiotics won’t help. - Take the Quiz - And now that you have the right brief, 13 – 19 November 2017 is World Antibiotic Awareness Week: Find an event near you #AntibioticAwarnessWeek and tell someone else about antibiotic resistance and the growing threat from bacteria and other microbes. Let them know that if we do the right thing, catastrophe could be averted. To learn more about activities happening around the world for Antibiotics Awareness Week, click on the infographic above. Antibiotic Awareness is everyone’s concern; Yours and Mine. 摘要:步骤一:电视和投屏设备的连接确保电视和投屏设备(如手机、电脑或平板电脑)之间的连接是正确的。使用HDMI、VGA、或无线连接等方式进行连接。必要时连接线是否正常工... 步骤一:电视和投屏设备的连接 确保电视和投屏设备(如手机、电脑或平板电脑)之间的连接是正确的。使用HDMI、VGA、或无线连接等方式进行连接。必要时连接线是否正常工作,确保传输畅通。 步骤二:打开电视设置菜单 使用遥控器打开电视设置菜单。通常,您可以通过按下“菜单”按或“设置”按来访问电视的设置。 - 【需要电视维修服务,可以点击下方小程序预约】 步骤三:找到“投屏”或“屏幕”选项 在电视设置菜单中,寻找与“投屏”或“屏幕”相关的选项。该选项通常位于或显示设置下。不同电视品的设置菜单可能会有所不同,您可以通过浏览菜单选项或查看电视的用户手册来找到正确的选项。 步骤四:选择投屏设备 在“投屏”或“屏幕”选项下,选择您希望投屏的设备。如果您的电视支持无线投屏,您可以在列表中找到您的设备,然后选择它。如果您使用有线连接,选择相应的输入源。 步骤五:启用投屏能 在选择投屏设备后,启用投屏能。这可能需要您按下“确认”或“启用”按,或者将开关从“关”切换到“开”的位置。确保按照电视屏幕上的指示进行作。 步骤六:确认连接并开始投屏 一旦您启用了投屏能,电视将尝试与您选择的设备建立连接。在连接成后,您将在电视上看到投屏设备的屏幕内容。您可以使用投屏设备上的控制方式来浏览、或内容。 电视投屏能 电视的投屏能允许您将设备(如手机、电脑或平板电脑)的屏幕内容无线投到电视屏幕上。这使您可以更好地享受多媒体内容、或进行演示。 电视投屏通常使用无线连接,如Wi-Fi或蓝牙。某些电视型还支持有线连接,如HDMI或VGA。无论使用何种连接方式,您都需要确保电视和投屏设备之间的连接是稳定和可靠的,以确保投屏的顺利进行。 通过投屏能,您可以在更大的屏幕上观看、照片和,并与家人朋娱乐体验。此外,对于商务用途,投屏能也可以用于演示和展示内容。 不同的电视品和型可能会在作和设置上有所不同,所以在使用电视投屏能之前,建议您阅读电视的用户手册,以了解正确的设置步骤和作方法。 石油价格升,因华盛顿发出的信号表明达成经济刺激协议的可能性上升,从而将进一步推高消费水平。 财政部长史蒂文·姆努在接受CNBC采访时说,他认为民主党人想要妥协,这使得双方有可能就新刺激方案达成协议。周末,总统特朗普签署行政令,将灾难基金用于增加失业保险,并暂停对某些就业者征收薪酬税。进一步令市场情绪受到提振的是,沙特阿美首席执行官Amin Nasser周日表示,亚洲的原油需求几乎恢复到疫情前水平。 “今天最重要的是行政令的进展”,Price Futures Group Inc.的高级市场分析师Phil Flynn表示:“至少有更多钱可以进入实体经济,这应该会给油价带来一点提振。” 纽约时间12:21,9月交割的WTI原油期货上涨2%,至42.06美元/桶。 10月交割的布伦特原油期货结算价上涨69美分,至45.09美元/桶。 责任编辑:郭明 Eski bir törensel balo mahkemesi ve rüzgar tanrısı Ehécatl'e adanmış bir Aztek tapınağı, şu anda Mexico City'nin modern bir bölümü olarak tanımlanmıştır. 118 metrelik (36 metre) tapınak ve yakındaki 30 metrelik (9 m) top sahası platformu, 7 Haziran'da Meksika Ulusal Antropoloji ve Tarih Enstitüsü (INAH) yetkilileriyle birlikte medya mensuplarına gösterildi. bir açıklamada ilan edildi. Ve topu mahkeme tarafından son derece şaşırtıcı bir sürpriz yatıyordu: INAH yetkilileri ifadesinde, yaklaşık 30 birey, tüm bebek ve çocukları temsil eden boyun kemikleri setleri söyledi. Araştırmacılar, 25 yıl önce başlayan bir kazı projesinin bir parçası olarak yedi yıllık bir çalışmanın ardından tapınak ve ritüel topu mahkemesini belirlediler. Programa de Arqueología Urbana (PAU) veya Kent Arkeolojisi Programı adı verilen proje, 1521 yılında İspanyol kaşif Hernán Cortés tarafından yıkılan Aztek başkenti Tenochtitlan'ın kalıntılarını ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Tapınağın bulunduğu yer, Mexico City'nin tarihi bölgesinde yedi bloktan oluşuyor ve Catedral Metropolitana'nın arkasında bulunuyor. INAH yetkilileri, hem tapınağın hem de balo mahkemesinin 1481'den 1519'a kadarki en büyük olasılıkla kullanımda olduğunu söyledi. Bildiride Ehzcatl, yağmur yağdıran iyi huylu bir rüzgar tanrısı olarak tanındı, INAH ile araştırmacı emeritus Eduardo Matos Moctezuma dedi. Tapınağın arkasında, arkeologlar diğer tanrıların temsilciliğini buldular - Tláloc, bir yağmur yağışı ve tarımsal verimlilik ve yakınlarda bulunan savaşçı tanrı Huitzilopochtli. Moctezuma, bu düzenlemenin Aztek toplumunda tanrıların panteonunda hiyerarşileri ve ilişkileri görmesini sağladığını söyledi. Büyük, dikdörtgen tapınak platformuna bağlı, yaklaşık 3.6 feet (1.1 m) boyutunda bir geçit ile birbirine bağlanan iki dairesel yapı vardı. Moctezuma göre, oyuncuların mahkemeye girmek için kullandıkları merdiven kalıntıları top sahasıydı. Reuters'in bildirdiğine göre, arkeologlar harap merdivenin altında, ritüel oyununa eşlik etmek için teklif olarak kesilen kurbanlara ait olabilecek çocuk boyun kemikleri koleksiyonunu buldular. Hakkında orijinal makale Canlı Bilim. - تاریخ: 2016-08-22 - شناسه خبر: 20074 633 بازدید استاندار:پتروشیمی گلستان توجیه اقتصادی ندارد/ فعال شدن ۷۰۶۰ واحد تولیدی طی سه سال ارکین نیوز-استاندار گلستان با تصریح بر اینکه احداث طرح پتروشیمی در این استان توجیه اقتصادی ندارد؛ گفت: نتیجه برنامه ریزی دولت تدبیر و امید طی ۳ سال فعالیت صادقانه در این استان فعال شدن هفت هزار و ۶۰ واحد تولیدی – ص ... ارکین نیوز-استاندار گلستان با تصریح بر اینکه احداث طرح پتروشیمی در این استان توجیه اقتصادی ندارد؛ گفت: نتیجه برنامه ریزی دولت تدبیر و امید طی ۳ سال فعالیت صادقانه در این استان فعال شدن هفت هزار و ۶۰ واحد تولیدی – صنعتی و به تبع آن ایجاد شغل برای هزاران جوان بیکار بود. حسن صادقلو روز دوشنبه در آستانه هفته دولت در نشست خبری با رسانه های گلستان اظهار کرد: دولت برای این طرح ها بیش از ۲۷ هزار میلیارد ریال اعتبار در نظر گرفت که با تخصیص این مبلغ گام موثری در راه رسیدن به توسعه پایدار استان برداشته شد. وی بیان کرد: در هفته دولت امسال هم یک هزار و ۱۴۷ طرح بزرگ و کوچک در بخش های گوناگون مورد بهره برداری قرار گرفته و یا عملیات ساخت آنها آغاز می شود که در مجموع ۵۱۵ میلیارد تومان اعتبار برای این طرح ها اختصاص یافت. استاندار گلستان افزود: بر اساس برآوردهای انجام شده در نتیجه اجرای کامل این طرح ها برای بیش از یک هزار و ۴۷۰ نفر شغل مستقیم و پایدار ایجاد خواهد شد. صادقلو ادامه داد: یکی از اقدامات موثر دولت تدبیر و امید در گلستان فراهم کردن فضای مناسب برای حضور سرمایه گذاران داخلی و خارجی بود که در نتیجه این رویکرد مناسب در سه سال گذشته افزون بر ۳۲ هزار میلیارد ریال در استان سرمایه گذاری شد. ** خداحافظی با پتروشیمی استاندار به ناتمام ماندن طرح احداث کارخانه پتروشیمی در گلستان اشاره کرد و گفت: راه اندازی این صنعت در زمان تعیین شده و مقرر اقدامی ارزشمند و اقتصادی بود اما با طولانی شدن روند ساخت و راه اندازی دیگر طرحهای مشابه، ساخت آن صرفه اقتصادی ندارد. وی بیان کرد: اوره و آمونیاک محصول این کارخانه پتروشیمی پس از بهره برداری بود و هم اینک به دلیل تولید بیشتر از مصرف این محصولات در کشور راه اندازی پتروشیمی گلستان فاقد توجیه اقتصادی لازم است. صادقلو اظهار کرد: هم اکنون حدود ۲٫۵ میلیون تن اوره و آمونیاک برای مصارف کشاورزی در کشور مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد اما با راه اندازی تمامی ۱۱ واحد پتروشیمی در استان ها بیش از ۵ میلیون تن از این مواد در کشور تولید می شود. وی افزود: از طرف دیگر کشاورزی دنیا در حال تغییر استفاده از سموم شیمیایی و جایگزین کردن کشاورزی ارگانیک است که با گسترش این فرهنگ در کشور باز هم از مصرف اوره و آمونیاک در مزارع کشاورزی کاسته و همین واحدهای پتروشیمی در حال فعالیت نیز دچار مشکل خواهند شد. استاندار گلستان ادامه داد: تنها راه حل برطرف شدن مشکل راه اندازی کارخانه پتروشیمی تغییر مواد تولیدی و جایگزین کردن محصولات جدید است که برنامه ریزی برای رسیدن به این هدف آغاز شده است و امیدواریم با تدابیر اندیشیده شده راهی برای خروج از بحران این واحد صنعتی نیمه کاره اندیشه شود. صادقلو گفت: پتروشیمی گلستان با سرمایه بخش خصوصی ساخته می شود و در مراحل اولیه اجرای آن حدود ۹۵ هزار نفر از مردم استان با خرید ۲۸۰ میلیارد ریال سهام سرمایه گذاری کردند. وی بیان کرد: اگر این واحد صنعتی بخواهد به سرانجام مطلوب برسد، نیازمند اعتبار بیش از هزار میلیارد تومانی است که در شرایط کنونی سرمایه گذاری در این واحد برای هیچ سرمایه گذار دولتی و خصوصی جاذبه ندارد. به گزارش ایرنا؛ پتروشیمی گلستان از جمله طرحهای دولت قبل است که باوجود استقبال و سرمایه گذاری مردم و شروع اولیه طرح به سرانجام نرسید. ** خروج واحدهای صنعتی راکد از بحران استاندار گلستان به اهتمام دولت در رونق اقتصادی صنایع در کشور نیز اشاره کرد و گفت: این سیاست ها در گلستان سهم زیادی را به خود اختصاص داد و در نتیجه اجرای آن شکوفایی و رونق بار دیگر به صنایع در حال تعطیلی بازگشت. صادقلو بیان کرد: دولت برای بازگرداندن رونق اقتصادی به صنایع استان اعتبار ۴۲۲ میلیارد تومانی را در نظر گرفته بود ،اما با رایزنی ها این رقم به ۷۴۴ میلیارد تومان افزایش یافت. وی افزود: تاکنون ۷۱۰ واحد صنعتی کوچک و متوسط برای دریافت تسهیلات این طرح به بانک ها معرفی شده اند تا با دریافت تسهیلات مورد نیاز بار دیگر به مسیر شکوفایی و تولید بازگردند. استاندار ادامه داد: یکی از مشکلات گلستان در سال های گذشته دریافت تسهیلات بانکی با نام واحدهای صنعتی و صرف آن در بخش های دیگر بود که برای برطرف شدن این مشکل کمیته ویژه رصد با هدف پیگیری چگونگی مصرف تسهیلات بانکی در استان تشکیل شد. صادقلو گفت: اگر یک واحد صنعتی بر خلاف مقررات تسهیلات بانکی این بخش را در جای دیگر هزینه کند، دولت یارانه شش درصدی برای کاهش سود بانکی این واحدها را پرداخت نخواهد کرد. وی بیان کرد: در سال های گذشته برخی واحدهای صنعتی به دلیل بدهکاری پرداخت نشدن قبوض آب و برق و گاز و بیمه تعطیل شده بودند که با تشکیل کارگروه تسهیلات و رفع موانع تولید در استان از افزایش زمان تعطیلی آنها جلوگیری شد. ** راه اندازی منطقه آزاد اینچه برون استاندار گلستان به مصوبه دولت در راه اندازی منطقه آزاد اقتصادی اینچه برون اشاره کرد و گفت: مجلس قبل این لایحه را که جزو وعده های دولت به مردم گلستان در سفر استانی بود رد کرد اما با اصرار دولت این لایحه بار دیگر در مجلس دهم بررسی و یک فوریت آن به تصویب رسید. صادقلو بیان کرد: دولت به وظیفه خود در قبال راه اندازی منطقه آزاد اینچه برون عمل کرد و مابقی اجرای این طرح بر عهده مجلس شورای اسلامی است. وی افزود: اگر چه بار تهاجمی برخی رسانه ها در جلوگیری از راه اندازی این منطقه آزاد زیاد است ولی با رویکرد جمعی برآمده از همت عمومی این
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英格兰足球超级联赛 第1级 巴克莱银行英格兰超级足球联赛 单一组别 包含20队 总积分最低的3支球队会降级至冠军联赛 英冠联赛首2名肯定获得下一赛季的升级名额 而英冠联赛的第3至6名则会作附加赛决定最后一个升级名额 可口可。 网友分享:这92个俱乐部都是全职业俱乐部。其他球队通称为“非联盟球队”。 再往下,是“英格兰足球协会”(The Football Conference)。它包含两个级别,较高的级别是英足协全国联赛(Conference National,第5级),包含22个俱乐部;较低的级别分为两个。 第1级 巴克莱银行英格兰超级足球联赛 单一组别 包含20队 总积分最低的3支球队会降级至冠军联赛 英冠联赛首2名肯定获得下一赛季的升级名额 而英冠联赛的第3至6名则会作附加赛决定最后一个升级名额 可口可乐英格兰足球联赛 第。 网友分享:足总杯,由英格兰足总举办,世界上历史最悠久的足球杯赛,始于1872年,理论上英格兰所有俱乐部都可以报名参赛,分为预选赛(6轮)和正赛(8轮),最近几个赛季都有超过760多支球队参赛。号称“冷门的温床”,时常有弱队。 2019-2020赛季英超的比赛队伍20支:伯恩茅斯足球俱乐部、阿森纳足球俱乐部、阿斯顿维拉足球俱乐部、布莱顿足球俱乐部、伯恩利足球俱乐部、切尔西足球俱乐部、水晶宫足球俱乐部、埃弗顿足球俱乐部、莱斯特城足球俱乐部、利物浦足球俱乐部、。 最顶级的是英格兰足球超级联赛,豪门有曼联,利物浦,切尔西,阿森纳 。 伦敦有5支英超球队,分别为:伦敦北(阿森纳、热刺);伦敦西(切尔西、富勒姆);伦敦东(西汉姆联队)。英格兰足球超级联赛(Premier League,简称“英超”)是英格兰足球总会属下的最高等级职业足球联赛,前身是英格兰足球甲级联赛。 网友分享:英格兰足总杯(简称足总杯)是由英格兰足球协会命名并主办的一项男子足球杯赛。英格兰足总杯是世界上历史最悠久的足球比赛,英格兰各级足球俱乐部进行一对一的淘汰赛,在足总杯的比赛中经常有低级别俱乐部淘汰高级别俱乐部的冷门出现。 به گزارش همشهریآنلاین، مهدی طارمی ستاره تیم ملی کشورمان این روزها با درخشش در ترکیب پورتو مشتریان زیادی پیدا کرده و باشگاههای بزرگ اروپا مثل میلانف منچستر یونایتد و اینتر به دنبال ستاره ایرانی هستند. دومنیگوس مهاجم سابق پورتو در مصاحبه با نشریه «اوجوگو» درباره پیشنهادات رسیده به باشگاه برای جذب ستاره ایرانی گفت: با توجه به ارزشهایی که این بازیکن دارد، حفظ طارمی منطقی است، او بهترین مهاجم در باشگاه پورتو است. پورتو حق دارد طارمی را در تیم نگه دارد، مگر اینکه پیشنهادی با ارزش بالاتری دریافت کند. وی افزود: مهدی طارمی بهترین مهاجم پورتو است و باید او را در ترکیب نگه داریم، حتی با دانستن اینکه قراردادش در ژوئن ۲۰۲۴ به پایان میرسد. او مهاجمی است که بهترین عملکرد، بیشترین گل و بیشترین پاس گل را دارد. البته ۱۵ میلیون یورو، بسته به سن طارمی پول زیادی است اما این نیز وجود دارد که برخی از بازیکنان بعد از ۳۰ سالگی دوران شکوفایی دارند. اسطوره پورتو ادامه داد: فران ناوارو که در این فصل جذب شده، ویژگیهای خوبی دارد اما به نظر دومینگوس پاسینسیا، جایگزین خوبی برای ستاره ایرانی نیست. فران ناوارو میتواند چیزی را ارائه دهد که برخی نتوانستند. Il settore petrolifero e del gas è abbastanza instabile in questo momento, ma ci sono opportunità se si conoscono alcune regole. Un posto è tra le major petrolifere, che tendono a pagare dividendi elevati. Tuttavia, non tutte le major petrolifere sono uguali, e ci sono molte ragioni per cui Chevron (CVX) potrebbe essere un titolo per i dividendi migliore da acquistare in questo momento rispetto a BP (BP). Rendimento da dividendi e storia Con un rendimento attuale dell’11,2%, il dividendo di BP sembra sicuramente più attraente di quello di Chevron, con un rendimento del 5,8%. Ma c’è di più in un dividendo oltre al suo rendimento. La storia dei dividendi di BP è un po ‘traballante. La società ha tagliato il dividendo a metà più di una volta negli ultimi 13 anni e ora si trova a $ 0,63. D’altra parte, Chevron ha aumentato il suo dividendo per 32 anni consecutivi, guadagnandosi l’ambito status di Dividendo Aristocratico. Fattibilità del dividendo Anche se BP non ha un track record di dividendi come Chevron, è stata in grado di aumentare il flusso di cassa libero (FCF) il più di qualsiasi supermajor su base percentuale dal 2015 al 2019. Ma quest’anno, il flusso di cassa di BP e il reddito netto è caduto da una scogliera, il che significa che probabilmente dovrà utilizzare il debito per coprire i suoi obblighi di dividendo a breve termine. Di recente, il FCF di BP è diventato negativo e il suo recente pagamento di dividendi di 10,5 centesimi per azione ordinaria ($ 0,63 per azione di deposito americano) è stato ben al di sopra dei suoi 3,9 centesimi di utile per il primo trimestre del 2020, rendendo il dividendo dell’azienda al momento inaccessibile. Anche se FCF di Chevron ha subito un colpo – e ha aumentato il suo carico di debito a lungo termine del 20% per superare questi tempi difficili – la società ha fatto passi in avanti per garantire che sarà in grado di permettersi il suo dividendo. Alla fine di marzo, Chevron decise che avrebbe tagliato le spese del 50% nel più grande giacimento petrolifero onshore degli Stati Uniti, il bacino di Permian, oltre a tagliare le spese totali del 2020 del 20%. Chevron ha anche sospeso il suo programma di riacquisto di azioni da $ 5 miliardi. Tali precauzioni aiutano a garantire che Chevron mantenga la sua forza finanziaria. Simile a Chevron, BP ha aumentato il debito quando ha ricevuto $ 7 miliardi in nuove obbligazioni all’inizio di aprile, il che aiuterà BP a permettersi il suo dividendo a breve termine. È stato ribadito anche il suo rating creditizio di livello investment grade da parte di importanti agenzie come Standard & Poor’s e Moody’s, che ha dichiarato che avrebbe cercato di ridurre i costi nei prossimi due anni. Confronto di bilancio Con entrambe le società che assumono più debito, è importante guardare dove si trova oggi ciascuna società in termini di bilancio. Il risultato non potrebbe essere più diverso. BP ha il doppio del debito netto a lungo termine totale di Chevron, più del doppio del rapporto debito / capitale (D / C) e circa quattro volte il rapporto debito / capitale (D / E). In effetti, BP ha il rapporto D / C e D / E più alto di tutti i maggiori petroliferi, mentre Chevron ha il più basso. Pertanto, sebbene entrambe le società stiano aumentando il debito per gestire i bassi prezzi delle materie prime, Chevron proviene da un luogo di disciplina finanziaria. In effetti, la strategia di crescita di Chevron era intenzionalmente prudente in modo da poter aumentare il debito se affrontato sfide inaspettate. Conclusione Dopo lo storico taglio dei dividendi della Royal Dutch Shell, BP ora ottiene il massimo dalle major petrolifere. Tuttavia, questo rendimento elevato è sostenuto probabilmente dal maggiore debole del petrolio dal punto di vista del bilancio. Sebbene BP abbia generato un forte FCF negli ultimi cinque anni, la sua attività è attualmente in difficoltà, facendo pressioni sulla società affinché riduca il proprio dividendo o si faccia carico di più debito. Ha scelto quest’ultimo, il che rende il suo bilancio ancora più debole. Sebbene Chevron produca la metà di BP, un rendimento di quasi il 6% non è un cambiamento chump. Chevron è probabilmente anche il maggiore del petrolio. Vai con Chevron su BP per una società globale migliore e un dividendo più affidabile. Fransa'nın ünlü gazetesi L'Equipe'in verdiği son habere göre Monaco yönetimi, Falcao ile yaptığı son görüşmenin ardından fikrini değiştirdi ve oyuncunun Galatasaray'a gitmesine onay verdi. Habere göre Monaco İkinci Başkanı Oleg Petrov, Falcao'nun Leonardo Jardim'e ayrılma isteğini tekrar iletmesinden sonra yıldız golcünün Galatasaray'a transfer olması konusunda engelleri kaldırma kararı aldı. Haberde son olarak, Monaco ve Galatasaray'ın transferi resmi olarak açıklamaya çok yakın oldukları da ifade edildi. Each year, IRDA's R&D Team conducts more than one hundred research projects in sustainable agriculture. What's more, IRDA is working with Quebec's key agricultural stakeholders to find concrete solutions. The aim of this project was to test the general hypothesis that exclusion nets, when properly used, can prevent attacks by most apple pests and reduce disease incidence with no major adverse effects on fruit quality. Researcher: Gérald Chouinard Evaluate the toxicity of biological pesticides or repellents to control the spotted wing drosophila on everbearing raspberries grown in tunnels. The project consisted of sterilizing spotted wing drosophilas in the laboratory and mass releasing it in crops as a biocontrol method. Researcher: Annabelle Firlej In a high density strawberry crop grown in sod covered with plastic mulch, evaluate the toxicity of bioinsecticides for controlling tarnished plant bugs and strawberry blossom beetles and of bioherbicides for controlling weeds in and between crop rows. This project consisted of using mating disruption to control dogwood borers in five orchards. The aim of the project was to test a series of attracticides that can be mixed and applied with regular sprayers with no additional specialized or expensive equipment or modifications required. The apple leafcurling midge is a new apple pest in Québec. The aim of the project is to explore the pest’s phenology, establish variable economic injury thresholds, and incorporate the results into a phenology model in CIPRA. and quality of soil, water, and air of local communities by improving the quality of crop and livestock production, with an emphasis on animal welfare of crop and livestock production Oltalama saldırıları maalesef internet kullanırken karşılaşılan çok yaygın bir tehdittir. Bu sayfada Ledger'a yönelik gerçekleştirilmiş ve müşterilerimizi hedef alan oltalama saldırılarından bazı örneklerin bir listesinin oluşturulması amaçlanmaktadır. Ledger'dan gelen bir yazının gerçekliği hakkında herhangi bir şüpheniz varsa bazı yeni oltalama girişimlerinin belirtildiği aşağıdaki listeye bakabilirsiniz. 22 Ekim'den bu yana kapatılan oltalama web sitelerinin sayısı: 583 Sosyal ağlar: 311 = 126 Twitter, 71 Telegram, 2 Facebook, 2 YouTube Son güncelleme: 29 Temmuz 2022 Hiç kimseyle ve hiçbir koşulda, kurtarma ifadenizin 24 kelimesini asla paylaşmayın. Ne Ledger ile ne de Ledger’dan olduğunu düşündüğünüz herhangi bir kişi veya şeyle. Ledger bunları asla istemez. 24 kelimenizi cihazınızdan başka bir yere asla girmemelisiniz. Oltalama dolandırıcılığı nasıl önlenir? Bizzat başlatmadığınız bir işlemi asla Nano cihazınızda onaylamayın. Dolandırıcılar Nano cihazınızda bir işlemi tetikleyecek sahte bir Ledger Live uygulamasını indirmenizi ister. Bu işlemi kesinlikle reddetmelisiniz. Ledger, cihazınızı devre dışı bırakamaz ve bırakmayacaktır. Bazı oltalama girişimleri, cihazınız Ledger tarafından KYC nedeniyle "devre dışı bırakılmış" veya "engellenmiş" gibi davranır. Ledger cihazınızı "engelleyecek" veya "devre dışı bırakacak" bir konumda değildir. Bunu yapmanızı isteyen talepler sahtedir. Her zaman Ledger'ın resmî kanalları üzerinden etkileşim kurduğunuzdan emin olun Dikkatli olun, sahte alan adları bazen "legder", "leqder", "ledqer", "lèdger" veya "ledgёr" gibi hemen göze çarpmayan bir yazılış farkı barındıracak şekilde büyük benzerlik taşıyor. Bunun bir ledger.com alan adı olduğunu düşünebilirsiniz ama aslında değil! Lütfen buna da dikkat edin. Örneğin: ledger.com-a42-encryption-m6-email.rg37-s8-smtp (dot) cloud Gerçek Ledger alan adları şunlardır: @ledger.fr @ledger.com @ledgerwallet.com @ledger.zendesk.com Ledger sizinle asla SMS mesajı veya telefon çağrısıyla iletişim kurmaz. Kısa mesaj, WhatsApp, Telegram, telefon görüşmesi veya posta mektubu yoluyla sözde Ledger tarafından iletişime geçilir geçilmez bunun bir oltalama girişimi olduğunu varsayın, dolandırıcılık olarak bildirin ve göndereni engelleyin. Ledger yalnızca e-posta ve resmi sosyal medya kanalları üzerinden iletişim kurar: Bu dolandırıcılıkta yeni KYC kuralları nedeniyle Ledger'ın donanım cüzdanınızı devre dışı bırakmak zorunda kaldığı iddia ediliyor. Her şeyden önce bu mümkün değil. Ledger, Nano cüzdanınızı devre dışı bırakamaz. Bağlantı sizi KYC amacıyla kurtarma ifadenizi girmeye davet ediyor. Özel anahtarlar/kurtarma ifadesi herhangi bir KYC prosedürünün bir parçası değildir. Ledger bir Yatırım Platformu değildir, Ledger Nano veya Ledger Live kullanmak için KYC (Müşterinizi Tanıyın) prosedürüne ihtiyacınız yoktur. Sadece Ledger Live'daki "satın alma" işlevleri KYC prosedürüne ihtiyaç duyar. 6 Aralık 2020 Bu oltalama girişiminde iptal düğmesine tıklamanızı teşvik etmek için cüzdanınızı boşaltmak amacıyla dışarı yönlü bir işlem yapıldığı iddia ediliyor. Bu işlem sahtedir, Ledger'ın Nano cüzdanınızla ne yaptığınızı bilme ihtimali yoktur. Daha sonra var olmayan işlemi iptal etmek için Ledger Live'ın sahte bir sürümünde kurtarma ifadenizi girmeye davet edilirsiniz. Dolandırıcılar, 24 kelimelik kurtarma ifadenizi paylaşmaya teşvik etmek için, birilerinin hesaplarınıza erişebileceğine dair meşru korkunuzun üzerine oynar. 5 Aralık 2020 Bu oltalama girişiminde donanım cüzdanınızın devre dışı bırakıldığı iddia ediliyor. Böyle bir şey teknik olarak mümkün değildir. Bağlantı sizi KYC amacıyla kurtarma ifadenizi girmeye davet ediyor. Özel anahtarlar/kurtarma ifadesi herhangi bir KYC prosedürünün bir parçası değildir. Dolandırıcılar tarafından gönderilen bağlantı uydurmadır. Ledger bir Yatırım Platformu değildir, Ledger Nano veya Ledger Live kullanmak için KYC (Müşterinizi Tanıyın) prosedürüne ihtiyacınız yoktur. Sadece Ledger Live'daki "satın al" özelliği KYC prosedürüne ihtiyaç duyar. 4 Aralık 2020 Bu oltalama dolandırıcılığında, bir güvenlik ihlalinin sizi etkilediği ve fonlarınızın risk altında olduğu iddiasında bulunulur ve Ledger Live uygulamasının sahte bir sürümünü indirmeye teşvik edilirsiniz. Ledger Live'ın bu sahte sürümü, var olmayan bir güvenlik sorununu gidermek için kurtarma ifadenizi girmenizi ister. Ledger Live uygulamasının yeni bir sürümünü indirmenizi gerektiren hiçbir güvenlik ihlali yoktur ve uygulama size 24 kelimelik kurtarma ifadenizi sormaz. Oltalama girişimleri hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinin Ledger’ı taklit eden üçüncü bir taraftan sahte bir mesaj aldığınızı düşünüyorsanız buradan bildirebilirsiniz. Not: Bildiriniz ekibimiz tarafından incelenerek bu sayfada daha fazla oltalama örneklerine yer verilmesine yardımcı olur. Ancak bu adrese gönderilen e-postalara özel yanıt verilmeyeceğini lütfen unutmayın. Sorunuz için Ledger'dan yanıt gerekiyorsa lütfen Müşteri Destek Ekibimiz ile iletişime geçin. Bir oltalama girişimiyle karşılaştıysanız veya yasa dışı bir web sitesinden haberdarsanız lütfen Google Safe Browsing adresine bildirin. Bu yasa dışı web sitelerini Google’a ne kadar çok bildirirsek dolandırıcıların Ledger kullanıcılarımızı kandırması o kadar zor olur. Desteklenen yeni coin'ler, blog paylaşımları ve özel teklifler doğrudan gelen kutunuzda E-posta adresiniz yalnızca tarafınıza Ledger bültenimizi, haberlerimizi ve tekliflerimizi göndermek için kullanılacaktır. Bültende yer alan bağlantıyı kullanarak istediğiniz zaman abonelikten çıkabilirsiniz. The Origins of 3D Optical Imaging of Cataracts Barry R. Masters What do optical biomedical imaging applied to cataract re- search and aerial photogrammetry have in common? The work of Theodor Scheimpflug, an Austrian optics pioneer of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, connects these diverse fields. This fascinating story illustrates the fundamental connection between optical developments for military aerial photogrammetry and today’s world of biomedical imaging. It also demonstrates that in the rapidly evolving field of optics, one can never predict what will develop from one’s research. Become a member of OSA or log in to view the full text of this article. OSA Members get the full text of Optics & Photonics News, plus a variety of other member benefits. 专辑文案:(声明:文案均由授权方提供,并不表示一听赞同其立场或观点) 阿悄最新EP《雨停曲》,收录2012阿悄新歌2首,主打歌《雨停曲》歌词的字里行间透露出一种悲凉的意境。无论在词曲的搭配上面都比较倾向于现代的各种元素,讲述的是关于现代人经历的种种故事。副歌的时候曲调一转前面的节奏,变得稍显欢快,有种坐着时光机穿越到了不曾了解的过去的感觉。在词曲的运用上面添加了很多比较复古的元素,似乎一点一滴的再告诉所听的人们那段不为人知的古老传说。。而《任性爱》描写女孩执着得爱着那个男孩 ,鼓励其让他不要放弃对爱情的坚定信念。 Morris, M
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industry." It warns against intensive breeding manipulation and the use of hormonal additives with bison. The advantages of traditionally raised buffalo, like grass-finished cattle, include a better balance of essential fatty acids, no hormone or antibiotic residues in the meat, a better ecological footprint and a link to America's frontier history. All forms of life, from microorganisms to human beings, share certain nutritional requirements for growth and normal functioning. The following observations substantiate this statement and also illustrate the great diversity of nutritional types found among bacteria. - All organisms require a source of energy. - Some rely on chemical compounds for their energy and are designated as chemotrophs. Others can utilize radiant energy (light) and are called phototrophs. - Both chemotrophs and phototrophs exist among bacteria. - All organisms require a source of electrons for their metabolism. - Some organisms can use reduced inorganic compounds as electron donors and are termed lithotrophs (some may be chemolithotrophs, others photolithotrophs). - Other organisms use organic compounds as electron donors and are called organography (some are chemoorganotrophs, others photoorganotrophs). - All organisms require carbon in some form for use in synthesizing cell components. - All organisms require at least small amounts of CO2. However, some can use CO2 as their major, or even sole, source of carbon; such organisms are termes autotrophs. - Others require organic compounds as their carbon source and are termed heterotrophs. - All organisms require nitrogen in some form for cell components. - Bacteria are extremely versatile in this respect. Unlike eucaryotes, some bacteria can use atmospheric nitrogen. - Others thrive on inorganic nitrogen compounds such as nitrates, nitrites, or ammonium salts, and still others derive nitrogen from organic compounds such as amino acids. - All organisms require oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus for cell components. - Oxygen is provided in various forms, such as water; component atoms of various nutrients: or molecular oxygen. - Sulfur is needed for the synthesis of certain amino acids (cysteine, cystine, and methionine). - Some bacteria require organic sulfur compounds, some are capable of utilizing inorganic sulfur compounds, and some can even use elemental sulfur. - Phosphorus, usually supplied in the form of phosphate, is an essential component of nucleotides, nucleic acids, phospholipids, teichoic acids, and other compounds. - All living organisms require metal ions, such as K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Fe2+ for normal growth. - Other metal ions are also needed but usually only at very low concentrations, such as Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Mo**, Ni2+, B2+. and Co2+; these are often termed trace elements and often occur as contaminants of other components of culture media in amounts sufficient to support bacterial growth. - Not all the biological functions of metal ions are known, but Fe2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, and Cu2+, are known to be cofactors for various enzymes. - Most bacteria do not require Na2+, but certain marine bacteria, cyanobacteria, and photosynthetic bacteria do require it. For those members of the archaeobacteria known as the “red extreme halophiles,” the requirement is astonishing: they cannot grow with less than 12 to 15 percent NaCl. They require this high level of NaCl for maintenance of the integrity of their cell walls and for the stability and activity of certain of their enzymes. Vitamins and vitamin-like compounds - All living organisms contain vitamins and vitamin-like compounds. - These function either as coenzymes for several enzymes or as the building blocks for coenzymes. - Some bacteria are capable of synthesizing their entire requirement of vitamins from other compounds in the culture medium, but others cannot do so and will not grow unless the required vitamins are supplied preformed to them in the medium. - All living organisms require water, and in the case of bacteria, all nutrients must be in an aqueous solution before they can enter the cells. - Water is a highly polar compound that is unequaled in its ability to dissolve or disperse cellular components and to provide a suitable milieu for the various metabolic reactions of a cell. - Moreover, the high specific heat of water provides resistance to sudden, transient temperature changes in the environment. - Water is also a chemical reactant, being required for the many hydrolytic reactions carried out by a cell. Classification of bacteria based on Nutritional Requirement Microorganisms are classified on the basis of following nutritional requirement; - Classification of bacteria basis of Energy Source - Classification of bacteria basis of Electron Source - Classification of bacteria basis of Carbon Source Classification of bacteria basis of Energy Source Based on source of energy microorganisms are classified into two groups; |Type||Source of Energy| |Phototrophs||Light is the main source of energy| |Chemotrophs||Oxidation of organic or inorganic compounds| - Those microorganisms that use light as their energy source are known as Phototrophs. - Examples of phototrophs are Higher plants (maize plant, trees, grass etc), Euglena, Algae (Green algae etc), Bacteria (e.g. Cyanobacteria). Classification of Phototrophs The Phototrophs are classified into the following groups - Among the phototrophic bacteria are species that use inorganic compounds as their source of electrons are known as Photolithotrophs. - For example, Chromatium okenii uses H2S as its electron donor, oxidizing it to elemental sulfur: H2S = S +2e + 2H - Some phototrophic bacteria use organic compounds such as fatty acids and alcohols as electron donors and are therefore photoorganotrophs. - For example, Rhodospirillum rubrum can use succinate as an electron donor: Succinate = fumarate + 2e + 2H - Those organisms that obtain their energy from the oxidation of chemical compounds (either organic or inorganic) are known as Chemotrophs. - Examples of Chemotrophs are sulphur oxidizing proteobacteria (obtain energy from sulphur), neutrophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria etc. Classification of Chemotrophs The Chemotrophs are classified into the following groups; - Among the chemotrophic bacteria are species that use inorganic compounds as their source of electrons, they are known as Chemolithotrophs. - For example, bacteria of the genus Nitrosomonas use ammonia as their electron source, obtaining energy by oxidizing ammonia to nitrite: NH4(+) + 1⁄2 O2 + H2O = NO2(-) + 2H3O(-) - This reaction involves a net transfer of 6 electrons, causing a valence change of the nitrogen atom from – 3 to +3. - Many other chemotrophic bacteria use organic compounds, such as sugars and amino acids, as electron donors and are therefore chemoorganotrophs. - Certain bacteria can grow as either chemolithotrophs or chemoorganotrophs. For example, Pseudomonas pseudoflava can use either the organic compound glucose or the inorganic compound H2 as its source of electrons: C6H12O6 + 6H2O = 6CO2 + 24H(+) +2e (-) Classification of bacteria basis of Electron Source Based on electron source microorganisms are classified into two groups such as; |Type||Source of Electron| |Lithotrophs||Reduced inorganic molecules| - Those microorganisms use reduced inorganic substances as their electron source are known as Lithotrophs. - Examples of lithotrophs include iron-oxidizing bacteria that metabolize reduced iron to oxidized iron, purple sulfur bacteria that transform sulfide into sulfur, nitrifying bacteria that use ammonia and convert it into nitrite or use nitrite to produce nitrate, hydrogen bacteria that oxidize hydrogen to water. - Those microorganisms extract electrons from reduced organic compounds are known as Organotrophs. - Some examples of organotrophs are animals, bacteria, and heterotrophs. - They can be either anaerobic or aerobic. Classification of bacteria basis of Carbon Source Based on carbon source microorganisms are classified into two groups such as; |Type||Source of Carbon| |Autotrophs||CO2 sole or principal biosynthetic carbon Source| |Heterotrophs||Reduced, preformed, organic molecules from other organisms| - Organisms that use reduced, preformed organic molecules as their carbon source for growth are known as Heterotrophs. - All the species of Heterotrophs cause diseases of human beings, other animals, and plants, as well as those that constitute the greater part of the population in our immediate environment. - Examples of heterotrophic bacteria are Agrobacterium, Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Escherichia, Rhizobium, etc. Classification of Heterotrophs The Heterotrophs are classified into the following groups; - Photoheterotrophs use light energy but cannot use CO2 as their sole source of carbon. - They get energy from organic compounds to full fill their carbon and electron requirements. - Examples of Photoheterotrophs are; Purple non-sulphur bacteria such as Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodopseudomonas palustris. - They get both carbon and energy from organic compounds such as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Glucose or Monosaccharide [(CH2O)n] + O2 → CO2 + H2O + Energy - There are three main categories that differ in how chemohetrotrophs obtain their organic nutrients, such as Saprophytic bacteria, Parasitic bacteria, and Symbiotic bacteria. - Saprophytic bacteria obtain their food from the dead and organic decaying matter such as leaves, fruits, vegetables, meat, animal feces, leather, humus etc. They release enzymes to digest the food and absorb it. Some Examples are Bacillus mycoides, B. ramosus, Acetobacter etc. - Parasitic bacteria, obtain their nutrition from the tissues of the hosts on which they grow. They cause various diseases in plants and animals are known as pathogens, e.g., Bacillus typhosus, B. anthracis, B.tetani. B.diplheriae, B.tuberculosis, B. pneumoniae, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas citri etc. - Symbiotic bacteria, live in close association with other organisms as symbionts. They are beneficial to the organisms. Some examples are the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, e.g., Bacillus radicicola, B. azotobacter, Rhizobium, Clostridium, Rhizobium spp., B. radicicolaand B. azotobacter. - Organisms that use carbon dioxide (CO2) as their sole or principal source of carbon are known as Autotrophs. - Examples of Autotrophs are land plants (e.g. dicots, grass, gymnosperms, bryophytes, ferns, etc.), lichen, photosynthetic algae (e.g. chlorophytes, charophytes, dinoflagellates, diatoms, etc.). Classification of Autotrophs Autotrophs are classified into following groups; - They get the energy from sunlight and transform it into chemical energy. During this process the CO2 is reduced to carbohydrates. - Water acts as a hydrogen donor and the process leads to the formation of free oxygen. - They contain Chlorophyll pigment in the cell which helps to capture sunlight e.g., Cyanobacteria. - Some of them are anaerobes and have bacteriochlorophyll and bacteriovirdin pigments respectively. - Examples of Photoautotrophs are; Purple Sulphur Bacteria, Green Sulphur Bacteria. - Purple Sulphur Bacteria contain bacteriochlorophyll which is located on the intracytoplasmic membrane i.e., thylakoids. They get their energy from sulfur compounds e.g., Chromatiiun. Theopedia rosea, Thiospirilium. - Green Sulphur Bacteria use hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as hydrogen donor. The reaction occurs in the presence of light and pigment termed as bacteriovirdin or bacteriopheophytin or chlorobium chlorophyll e.g., Chlorobium limicola, Chlorobacterium etc. They take hydrogen from inorganic sources like sulphides and thiosulphates. - Chemoautotrophs don’t require any light source(lack the light phase but have the dark phase of photosynthesis) and pigment for their nutrition. - They oxidize certain inorganic substances by using atmospheric oxygen. - Examples of Chemoautotrophs are; Sulphomonas (Sulphur bacteria), Hydromonas (Hydrogen bacteria), Ferromonas (Iron bacteria), Methanomonas (Methane bacteria), Nitrosomonas (Nitrifying bacteria). - Sulphomonas obtain energy by oxidation of elemental sulphur or H2S, e.g., Thiobacillus, Beggiatoa. - Hydromonas convert hydrogen into water, e.g., Bacillus pantotrophus, Hydrogenomonas. 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O + 55 kcal, 4H2 + CO2 → 2H2O + CH4 + Energy - Ferromonas inhabit water and obtain energy by oxidation of ferrous compounds into ferric forms. e.g., Thiobacillus ferroxidans, Ferro bacillus, Leptothrix. 4FeCo3 + 6H2O + O2 → 4Fe (OH)3 + 4CO2 + 81 kcal. - Methanomonas get their energy by oxidation of methane into water and carbon dioxide. - Nitrosomonas get their energy by oxidation of ammonia and nitrogen compounds into nitrates. Nitrosomonas oxidises NH3 to nitrites. (NH3 + 1⁄2O2 = H2O + HNO2 + Energy) Then, Nitrobacter converts nitrites to nitrates. (NO2 + 1⁄2O2 = NO2 + Energy) Other Types of Bacteria - A few chemolithotrophs are now recognized as being chemolithotrophic heterotrophs (mixotrophs): i.e., they obtain energy by utilizing inorganic electron donors, but obtain most of their carbon from organic compounds. - One such organism is Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, which uses electrons from H2 for the reduction of sulfate, yet derives most of its carbon from organic compounds in the culture medium. - Some autotrophs are facultative autotrophs: i.e., they can either live as autotrophs, deriving their carbon from CO2, or they can live as heterotrophs, deriving their carbon from organic compounds. - For example, P. pseudoflava can live as a heterotroph, using glucose as a source of carbon for assimilation (and also as its source of electrons, as mentioned above): however, if H2 is provided as the electron source, then it can use CO2 as its sole carbon source and can grow as an autotroph. Major Nutritional Types of Microorganisms By combining the roots of these terms, most organisms can be placed in one of five nutritional types based on their primary sources of carbon, energy, and electrons. - They are often known as photoautotrophs, including photosynthetic protists (algae) and cyanobacteria. - These microorganisms are plantlike in that they employ water as the electron donor and release oxygen. - Other photolithoautotrophs, such as the purple sulfur bacteria and the green sulfur bacteria, cannot oxidize water but extract electrons from inorganic donors such as hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and elemental sulfur. - Examples of Photolithoautotrophs are purple sulfur bacteria and the green sulfur bacteria, diatoms, cyanobacteria. - They oxidize reduced inorganic compounds such as iron-, nitrogen-, or sulfur containing molecules to derive both energy and electrons for biosynthesis, using carbon dioxide as the carbon source. - Chemolithoautotrophs contribute greatly to the chemical transformations of elements (e.g., the conversion of ammonia to nitrate or sulfur to sulfate) that continually occur in ecosystems. - Photoautotrophs and chemolithoautotrophs also are important primary producers in ecosystems. - They fix CO2, making reduced organic molecules that sustain the chemoorganoheterotrophs that share their habitats. - Example of Chemolithoautotrophs are; Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria, methanogens, nitrifying bacteria, iron-oxidizing bacteria. - Chemoorganoheterotrophs are sometimes known as chemoheterotrophs or chemoorganotrophs. - They use reduced organic compounds as sources of energy, electrons, and carbon. - Many chemoorganotrophs are used industrially to make foods (e.g., yogurt, pickles, cheese), medical products (e.g., antibiotics), and beverages (e.g., beer and wine). Nearly all pathogenic microorganisms are chemoorganoheterotrophs. - Example of Chemoorganoheterotrophs: Most non photosynthetic microbes, including most pathogens, fungi and many protists. - Some phototrophic bacteria (e.g., purple nonsulfur and green bacteria) use organic matter as their electron donor and carbon source. - These photoorganoheterotrophs are common inhabitants of polluted lakes and streams. - Examples of Photoorganoheterotrophs are; purple nonsulfur bacteria, green nonsulfur bacteria. - Chemolithoheterotrophs use reduced inorganic molecules as their energy and electron source but derive their carbon from organic sources. - Example of Chemo
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icin (affecting glucose only) is surprising because the drugs have a variety of side effects, e.g. they can inhibit adenylate cyclase in Escherichia coli (Peterkofsky and Gazdar, 1979), stimulate the overall activity mediated by the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT1 (Hamrahian et al., 1999), and inhibit the overall activity mediated by GLUT4 (Chu et al., 2002). The effects on GLUT activity are probably due to effects on targeting to the plasma membrane as shown for other proteins (Burkhardt and Argon, 1989), and may be due to the effect of protonophores on Golgi pH (Llopis et al., 1998). The findings are also surprising as CCCP has been shown to increase sugar efflux from corn roots (Mühling et al., 1993). As accumulation of sugars is readily reversible after removal of glucose or sucrose from the medium, uptake and release may be mediated by uniporters for glucose (Lalonde et al., 2004). Alternatively, accumulation may be mediated by CCCP-insensitive endocytosis. Receptor-mediated internalization of [125I]-transferrin was not sensitive to CCCP (Burkhardt et al., 1989). The difference in nigericin sensitivity of glucose and sucrose accumulation suggests the involvement of different uptake mechanisms. Consistent with a proton-independent uptake of glucose into root tip cells, no membrane depolarization was detected in cells in the elongation zone of Arabidopsis roots upon perfusion with 10 mm glucose in 4 out of 5 independent experiments using microelectrodes (David W. Ehrhardt, FH and WBF, Carnegie Institution, unpublished results). As root tips exude soluble sugars, a potential function of uniporters could be the feeding of beneficial micro-organisms in soil (Figure 10). Sugar transport in plants, especially the transport of glucose and sucrose, has been studied extensively over the last 25 years, and evidence for energy-independent transport of both sucrose and glucose has been observed previously. Radioactive uptake studies into plant tissues typically show multi-phase kinetics. Typically, at least two components are discernable: a linear low-affinity, high-capacity component and a saturable high-affinity, low-capacity component (Delrot and Bonnemain, 1981; Komor and Tanner, 1974; Maynard and Lucas, 1982). The saturable component of glucose and sucrose uptake in sugar beet leaf disks was sensitive to protonophores, which was taken as evidence of proton-coupled transport, while the linear component was found to be insensitive to protonophores, suggesting the involvement of uniport transport mechanisms (Maynard and Lucas, 1982). Olive suspension cells were also shown to take up glucose by a diffusion-like mechanism, with a linear dependence on external glucose concentration up to 100 mm (Conde et al., 2007). Uptake of glucose into root border cells could only be inhibited by phlorizin at external glucose concentrations below 2 mm, but not at external concentrations between 2 and 20 mm (Stubbs et al., 2004). For sucrose, transport across the plasma membrane of sugar beet root was CCCP-insensitive and pH-independent (Saftner and Wyse, 1980). Interestingly, symplasmic movement of fluorescent dyes between cells in the root tip was also unaffected by protonophores (Wright and Oparka, 1997). As expected for a uniport system, the glucose flux appears to be largely independent of pH over a range from pH 5.8 (the typical pH of plant growth media) to pH 7.8. The saturation curves obtained at pH 5.8, 6.8 and 7.8 are comparable: the in vivo K0.5 was approximately 1 mm for all three conditions. A significant shift in the baseline was observed when the pH of the medium was changed. The most dramatic change occurred between pH 5.8 and 6.8 (a baseline shift of almost 0.8), corresponding to a shift of the cytosolic pH from 6 to 6.5 (as suggested from in vitro pH titration of the sensor), while the change from 6.8 to 7.8 caused only a small increase in the baseline of 0.1. Many other studies using pH-sensitive electrodes or dyes do not support such a dramatic change in cytosolic pH. An alternative explanation for the significant change in the ratio may be that other ion concentrations change in addition to pH, and the sensors report the simultaneous change in pH and ion concentrations. Apparently, the pH change may be distinguished from a response to sugars, as the pH change does not cause a FRET change but is instead due to differential sensitivity of the two fluorophores to pH. The protonophore treatment also caused a reversible baseline shift, but this shift was comparatively small. Apparently, plant cells are capable of buffering the protonophore-induced change in cytosolic pH, as shown using pH-sensitive electrodes (Smith, 1986). The independence from pH and the insensitivity to inhibitors suggest that uptake and release of glucose and sucrose are mediated by an unknown class of transporters expressed in the root tip of Arabidopsis. Recently, evidence for proton-independent transport of sucrose was obtained for SUF transporters, a subclade of the SUT sucrose transporter family (Zhou et al., 2007). Both the human and yeast hexose transporter homologs function as uniporters. Therefore, it is conceivable that, among the 54 members of the Arabidopsis hexose transporter family, members of subclades other than STP that have not been functionally characterized so far may function as uniporters (Lalonde et al., 2004). Another possibility could be facilitation through aquaporins. In Arabidopsis, there are 38 aquaporins in four subclasses (Kaldenhoff et al., 2007). Functional analyses have shown that aquaporins transport not only water but a variety of other substrates such as glycerol, urea, NH3, CO2, silicon, boron, formamide, malate, glycine and hydrogen peroxide (Kaldenhoff et al., 2007). It may therefore be speculated that members of the aquaporin family function in facilitation of sugar transport. Systematic analysis of the high-resolution expression map of Arabidopsis root tips indicates that only STP1 and SUT2 are highly expressed in root tips. Candidates for a function in facilitative sugar transport include members of the ERD6-like family of hexose transporters and members of the aquaporin family, although several of the aquaporin candidates are localized in intracellular compartments. Further functional analysis will be required to identify the uniporters. In addition, the genome of Arabidopsis contains a large number of unknown transporters that may serve as uniporters (Schwacke et al., 2003). The independence from pH and the insensitivity to inhibitors suggest that, under certain conditions, roots express facilitators that can release glucose into the soil solution, potentially to feed beneficial micro-organisms, or, as work by Jones and Darrah (1993) suggests, even resorb sugars from the soil. Microbial biomass and activity in the vicinity of plant roots are usually higher than in bulk soil, a phenomenon known as the rhizosphere effect (Bürgmann et al., 2005). Plants can release up to 20% of carbon assimilated by photosynthesis by exuding metabolites mucilage and by releasing cells. Plant roots exude a complex mixture of sugars, organic acids, phytosiderophores, vitamins, amino acids, nucleotides and nucleosides, inorganic ions and they release root border cells (Dakora and Phillips, 2002). A large proportion of the carbohydrates released by roots is respired by micro-organisms, providing a basis for the up to 100-fold increase in the size of the microbial population compared to surrounding bulk soil (Weller and Thomashow, 1994). Glucose from exudates apparently plays an important role for certain soil bacteria (Kuiper et al., 2002) Sucrose is thought to play a less important role as it is probably hydrolyzed in the apoplasmic space or the soil solution. FRET sensors enable monitoring of flux into intact organs. The results obtained for Arabidopsis root tips provide evidence that uptake is dominated by high-capacity systems that appear to be pH-independent and protonophore-insensitive. FRET sensors can provide quantitative data for modeling of carbohydrate flux in roots. However, before a detailed flux model can be generated, we require information on the nature and kinetics of the contributing transporters as well as additional information such as apoplasmic sugar levels and the contribution of vacuolar and organellar levels and fluxes. The next steps will be to directly measure efflux with apoplasmically anchored FRET sensors and to test Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion lines for various transporters expressed in roots, including aquaporins, as well as evolutionary diverse members of the glucose transporter family for effects on sugar accumulation (Lalonde et al., 2004). Homozygous Arabidopsis lines (T3) expressing FLIPglu-2μΔ13 (line 1), FLIPglu-600μΔ13 (line 2) or FLIPglu-3.2mΔ13 (line 3) were used for the glucose flux analyses (Deuschle et al., 2006). To generate lines expressing the sucrose sensor, the FLIPsuc-90μΔ1 insert was excised from pRSETB (Lager et al., 2006) using BamHI/HindIII and cloned into the XhoI/BamHI sites of pRT101 (Töpfer et al., 1987). The XhoI overhang of pRT101 and the HindIII overhang from FLIPsuc-90μΔ1 were made compatible to each other by partially filling in using DNA polymerase I (Klenow fragment). The CaMV 35S-Sensor-Terminator cassette was then excised from pRT101 using HindIII and cloned into pPZP312 (Hajdukiewicz et al., 1994). The presence of intact inserts was verified by DNA sequencing. Binary plasmids were introduced into Agrobacterium strain GV3101 and used for transformation of homozygous Arabidopsis rdr6 lines (Peragine et al., 2004) (a generous gift from Scott Poethig, University of Pennsylvania) using the flower-dip method (Clough and Bent, 1998). For imaging, plants were germinated in full nutrient (FN) medium (1 mm KH2PO4, 1 mm MgSO4, 0.25 mm K2SO4, 0.25 mm CaCl2, 2 mm NH4NO3, 0.1 mm Na-Fe-EDTA, 50 μm KCl, 30 μm H3BO3, 5 μm MnSO4, 1 μm ZnSO4, 1 μm CuSO4, 0.7 μm NaMoO4, pH 5.8, adjusted with KOH) (Loqué et al., 2005) with 1-2% sucrose, buffered with 20 mm MES and solidified with 0.7% agar in a growth chamber with 16 h light at 190 μmol m-2 sec-1, 50% humidity, 22 °C for 7 days. Before imaging, the plants were transferred to the same medium lacking sucrose for 6 h to 5 days depending on the affinity of the sensor expressed in the plants. Where indicated, plants were imaged in potassium phosphate buffer or in ARB medium (2 mm MES, 2 mm CaSO4, 0.5 mm KH2PO4 and 0.5 mm MgSO4, pH 5.8) (Ehrhardt et al., 1992). For pH experiments, the pH of FN medium was adjusted to 5.8, 6.8 or 7.8 using 10 m KOH. Roots of intact seedlings were immobilized on cover slips (24 × 50 mm, VWR, http://www.vwr.com) using medical adhesive (stock number 7730, Hollister, http://www.hollister.com). For screening the sensor response, five or six plants were mounted onto cover slips, and a chamber was created using polymer clay (Sculpey, http://www.sculpey.com) and filled with FN medium. The plants were then imaged during perfusion of a near-saturating concentration of sugar to determine the maximal response. Slides with plants that showed a response were then mounted on a P-1 or RC-26G perfusion chamber (Warner Instruments, http://www.warneronline.com) mounted on a stage adapter for a Leica SA-20L3P inverted microscope (Leica, http://www.leica.com). The volume of the chambers was 0.4-0.7 ml. Ratio imaging was performed on an inverted fluorescence microscope (DM IRE2, Leica) using a QuantEM digital camera and a 20× oil objective (HC PL APO 20x/0.7IMM CORR, Leica). Dual emission intensities were simultaneously recorded using a DualView with a dual CFP/YFP-ET filter set (ET470/24m; ET535/3, Chroma, http://www.chroma.com) and Slidebook software (Intelligent Imaging Innovations Inc., http://www.intelligent-imaging.com). Excitation (filter ET430/24x, Chroma) was provided by a Lambda DG4 light source (Sutter Instruments, http://www.sutter.com). Images were acquired within the linear detection range of the camera, and exposure times varied between 400 and 600 msec depending on the expression level, with binning 2 and an Electron Multiplying gain of 300. Fluorescence intensities for eCFP and eYFP were typically in the range of 2000-8000 and 6000-14 000, respectively. Regions outside the root were used for background subtraction (background value 1000-1300; 300 msec exposure time). Perfusions were performed with FN medium buffered with 20 mm MES pH 5.8 at 3 ml min-1. The baselines throughout were corrected using second- or third-order polynomial fits of the ratios measured in the absence of glucose. The obtained function describes the baseline aberration (photobleaching) as a function of time during the perfusion. To correct for this effect, the difference between the ratio at the beginning of the experiment, r(0), and the baseline aberration, f(t), were calculated at each time point of the measurement and added to the value of the measured ratio at the respective time point, r(t), such that rcorr(t) = r(t) + r(0)) f(t). Accumulation and elimination rates for glucose and sucrose were calculated by determining Δratio/time at various external sugar concentrations (for a detailed description of the analysis, see Okumoto et al., 2008). The data fitted well to Michaelis-Menten kinetics. However, it would be more accurate to use a model that incorporates all contributing fluxes (e.g. Fehr et al., 2005). CCCP and 2,4-DNP (both Sigma, http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/) were prepared as 250 mm stock in 100% DMSO and frozen; nigericin (EMD Biosciences, http://www.emdbiosciences.com) was prepared as 5 mm stock in 95% ethanol and frozen. Before use, CCCP and 2,4-DNP stocks were diluted to 100 μm in FN medium (final DMSO concentration 0.04%); nigericin was diluted to 25 μm. All experiments were repeated at least three times. Controls were performed with solutions containing 0.04% DMSO or 0.5% ethanol, respectively. Tetraethylammonium was prepared as a 100 mm stock solution in H2O and was diluted prior to use. Plants were incubated with the indicated inhibitor for 15 min before resuming perfusion with either sugar. 3-O-methylglucose was prepared as a 1 m stock in H2O. Exchange rates were determined on the same perfusion set-up as used for the imaging experiments using fluorescent dye Alexa Fluor 430 (Invitrogen, http://www.invitrogen.com/) at 3 ml min-1. After the fluorescence intensity reached saturation, perfusion was switched back to the buffer. The rates were calculated by taking the maximum fluorescence intensity as 100% and determining the time that it takes to reach 85% or 15% fluorescence, i.e. the linear uptake or efflux phases, respectively. The addition and removal rates are the mean of two experiments. For analysis of Golgi movement, Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings expressing YFP:SYP32 were grown for 6 days on FN medium and root tips were imaged on a spinning-disk confocal microscope as described by Takanaga et al. (2008). Plants were mounted and treated as for imaging experiments. Images were acquired every 4 sec for 2 min before adding 100 μm CCCP and for 8 min thereafter. Image processing was performed using Metamorph (Molecular Devices, http://www.moleculardevices.com) and ImageJ software (W. Rasband, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD). Two images (20 sec apart) were merged after false coloring in red for the first frame and green for the second. YFP:SYP32 wave lines were a generous gift from Niko Geldner and Joanne Chory. More information about these lines can be found at http://www.unil.ch/dbmv/page49637_en.html. The expression of the nanosensors expressed under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter was analyzed by collecting an image series for root tips expressing either FLIPglu-600μΔ13 or FLIPsuc-90μΔ1 as z-stacks using a Leica confocal SP5 microscope equipped with an argon laser (514 nm excitation for YFP) and a 442 diode laser (442 nm excitation for CFP). The emission signal was captured from 525-560 nm for YFP and 460-500 nm for CFP. The pinhole was adjusted to an airy disk size of 0.5, and images were captured at 1.5 μm intervals. FLIPglu-2μΔ13 and
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kçe uygulayın. Tüm cilt tipleri için uygundur. کورت گودل (Kurt Godel) در ۲۸ آوریل ۱۹۰۶ در شهر برنو در بخش مرکزی کشور چکسلواکی سابق به دنیا آمد. او دومین فرزند از دو فرزند خانواده ای مهاجر و آلمانی بود که در صنایع نساجی شهر کار می کردند. پدر و مادر کورت، فاقد تحصیلات دانشگاهی بودند. پدرش فارغ التحصیل مدرسه تجارت بود که در سایه سخت کوشی به سمت مدیریت منصوب شده بود. سهامدار بخشی از کارخانه های بزرگ نساجی شهر برنو شد و بنابراین قدرت مالی لازم را داشت تا خانه ای ویلایی در حومه شهر خریداری کرده و هر دو فرزندش را به مدرسه خصوصی آلمانی زبان بفرستد. آنها هر دو در تحصیلات خود بسیار موفق بودند. کورت در تمام دوران تحصیلش همیشه نمره هایش عالی بود و همیشه سوالات متعددی میپرسید . به همین دلیل او را آقای چرا نامیدند. او در سن ۱۸ سالگی وترد دانشگاه وین شد. گرچه در ابتدا قصد داشت فیزیک نظری بخواند، در کلاسهای ریاضی و فلسفه هم حاضر میشد و توانست در سال ۱۹۳۱ مدرک دکترای خود را از دانشگاه وین بگیرد. گودل، سال تحصیلی ۱۹۳۴-۱۹۳۳ را در مرکز تازه تاسیس مطالعات پیشرفته دانشگاه پرینستون در نیوجرسی آمریکا سپری کرد (جالب است که آلبرت اینشتین نیز در همان سال، کار خود را در پرینستون آغاز کرد و تا آخر عمر، به مدت ۲۲ سال در همان جا باقی ماند) تز دکترای گودل حاکی از آن بود که می توان تمامی عبارات را براساس اصول اولیه اثبات کرد، اما یک هشدار هم در آن وجود داشت و آن این بود که چنانچه عبارتی در حوزه اعداد طبیعی درست باشد، اما در حوزه سیستم دیگری از ریاضیات -که همان اصول سیستم اعداد طبیعی را ارضا می کند- نادرست باشد، آنگاه درستی آن عبارت، قابل اثبات نخواهد بود. در آغاز به نظر نمی رسید که این استثنا، مسئله ای اساسی باشد، چراکه ریاضیدانان می پنداشتند که چنین هویت هایی که براساس اصول اعداد طبیعی رفتار کرده، اما اساسا متفاوت از آنها هستند، اصلا وجود ندارند، اما در همین زمان بود که دومین قضیه گودل، ضربه تمام کننده را وارد کرد. در سال ۱۹۳۱، گودل در مقاله دیگری نشان داد که عبارات درستی در حوزه اعداد طبیعی وجود دارد که درستی آنها قابل اثبات نیست (به عبارت دیگر، او نشان داد که هویت هایی در ریاضیات وجود دارند که اگرچه از اصول نظریه اعداد طبیعی تبعیت می کنند، اما رفتاری متفاوت از این اعداد دارند). در آن زمان، برخی از ریاضیدانان که از زیر سئوال رفتن بنیادهای ریاضیات غمگین شده بودند، پنداشتند اگر تمامی عبارات درست را به عنوان اصول اولیه فرض کنیم، می توان از ضربه این گیوتین، جاخالی داد، اما باز هم گودل نشان داد که تا جایی که ما از قوانین مکانیکی صرف ریاضیات استفاده می کنیم، هیچ تفاوتی نخواهد کرد که کدام گزاره ها را به عنوان اصل بپذیریم، چراکه اگر آنها در مورد اعداد طبیعی درست باشند، درستی عبارات درست دیگری در مورد اعداد مزبور، همچنان غیرقابل اثبات باقی خواهد ماند. اینگونه بود که دیگر امیدی برای ریاضیدانان باقی نماند. چاره ای نبود و آنها باید ناکامل بودن ریاضیات در تبیین تمامی ابعاد حقیقت را می پذیرفتند. خود گودل معتقد بود که این ناکامل بودن، حاکی از آن است که استنتاج قضایا نمی تواند صرفا مکانیکی باشد و باید نقش شهود انسان را نیز در تحقیقات ریاضی، مورد توجه قرار داد. بدین ترتیب، او از زاویه یک ریاضیدان و با همان منطق و زبان ریاضیات، ناکامل بودن ذاتی ریاضیات را در شناخت اثبات کرد و بدین ترتیب از لزوم اتکا به حقیقتی فراسوی ساختارهای ریاضی در شناخت جهان خبر داد... . گودل تا پایان عمر دیگر آمریکا را ترک نکرد. در طول تمامی آن سال ها دوست نزدیکش آلبرت اینشتین بر خود فرض کرده بود تا جایی که می تواند در بهبود وضعیت روانی گودل به او کمک کند. اینشتین هر روز، زمانی را به قدم زدن با گودل می پرداخت. به نظر می رسد که مصاحبت با اینشتین، در بازگرداندن آرامش به روح بی قرار او نقش موثری داشته است. فرموله کردن استدلال هستی شناختی او در مورد وجود خداوند، از کارهای دیگری بود که توجه بسیاری را به خود جلب کرد. هرچند گودل در ۱۴ژانویه ۱۹۷۸ چشم از این جهان فروبست، اما نتیجه دستاوردهای او در تغییر بنیادهای تفکر انسان، هنوز دوران تولد خود را می گذراند. İki tehlikeli rakip karşı karşıya. Kim kazanır dersiniz? Bu kareler Güney Afrika’nın Drakensburg Milli Parkı'ında çekildi. Gagasını korkusuzca çakalın burnunun dibine kadar uzatan akbaba kaybeden taraf oldu. Kendine kafa tutan çakala avı birakan akababa uzaklaşan taraf oldu. Hayvanlar aleminde fotoğraf karelerine yansıyan bu anlar vahşi doğanın kurallarını açıkça ortaya koyuyor. İşte 2009'da çekilen fotoğraflar arasından "en çok şaşırtan" kareler... Peter va sulla Luna (2022) Streaming I bambini sono andati molto più in là dei loro genitori nell'esplorazione dello spazio. Il giovane fratello e la sorella viaggiano verso le stelle e in altri mondi. Un giorno si ritrovano in un paese nascosto tra le nuvole, dove incontrano la regina Luna e i suoi sudditi. E quando gli eroi si allontanano troppo, dimenticano come tornare a casa. L'uscita arriva lungo il sentiero lunare, che mostrerà la strada. A renowned violinist and teacher discusses the interpretation of violin repertoire standards, drawing upon 360 musical illustrations and excerpts as well as a lifetime of artistic experience. Suitable for players at all levels, Leopold Auer's dissertation offers suggestions for performance of works by the great composers as well as observations on the techniques of Paganini, Wieniawski, Joachim, and other virtuosos. Helpful hints illuminate the technical minutia of performance, including special bowings, mood and tempo variants, and artistic effects. Auer begins by introducing the outstanding works of the older Italian violin composers such as Tartini, Corelli, and Vivaldi. He examines Bach's contributions to the repertoire, in addition to works by Mozart, Handel, and Beethoven; innovations by latter-day artists such as Spohr, Vieuxtemps, and Ernst; and the Bruch concertos. Other featured composers include Tchaikovsky, Elgar, Franck, and Sarasate. This classic guide concludes with valuable insights into transcriptions and musical memory. Reprint of the Carl Fischer, Inc., New York, 1925 edition. Guida alle taglie Questa guida ti aiuterà a determinare la dimensione del tuo braccialetto KRAVITZ Concept. Quando si misura il polso, stare il più vicino possibile alla mano (la circonferenza sulla foto è di 15,7 centimetri). Non hai un metro a nastro? Usa un pezzo di spago per misurare il polso e appoggialo su un righello per ottenere la misura in pollici o centimetri. Per favore, non fare riferimento ad altri braccialetti per determinare la dimensione. Se hai bisogno di assistenza, puoi sempre inviarci un'e-mail ([email protected]). وی افزود: آگهی های تفکیک شده جنسیتی، درخواست اطلاعات غیر ضروری (عکس شخصی و...)، پیشنهادهای فریبنده و حقوق های غیر متعارف، ممکن است دامی برای متقاضیان کار بوده و درج صرفا یک شماره تلفن یا آدرس های گمراه کننده، دلیل مناسبی برای استعلام از مراجع مربوطه یا بررسی آگاهانه موضوع به شمار می رود. این مقام انتظامی با بیان اینکه کارآگاهان پلیس آگاهی ناجا به صورت مستمر نسبت به رصد اوضاع اقدام می کنند، گفت: با این وجود، هم میهنان نیز می بایست جوانب احتیاط را رعایت کرده و قبل از هرگونه اقدامی، پیامدهای منفی اعتماد به افراد ناشناس را مورد توجه قرار دهند. رئیس اداره اجتماعی پلیس آگاهی ناجا در پایان از مردم خواست برای یافتن شغل مناسب به سایت ها و موسسات مشاوره شغلی و کاریابی معتبر و دارای مجوز رسمی از وزارت تعاون، کار و رفاه اجتماعی مراجعه کرده و هرگونه موارد مشکوک را در اسرع وقت با مرکز فوریت های پلیسی ۱۱۰ درمیان بگذارند Reuters'in haberine göre, ABD Uzay Kuvvetleri Korgenerali Nina Armagno'ya göre Pekin, askeri uzay teknolojisinde çarpıcı bir başarı elde etti. Armagno, uzun yıllardır ABD ve Rusya'nın (eski adıyla SSCB) gerisinde kalan Çin'in hızla arayı kapattığını belirtiyor. General, Çinlilerin uydu iletişim teknolojisinin yanı sıra askeri amaçlar için kullanılabilecek yeniden kullanılabilir uzay araçlarının geliştirilmesinde çok ilerlediğini söyledi. Bence kesinlikle yetişip bizi geçebilirler (ABD) Armano dedi. Ayrıca Amerikalı generale göre Pekin, küçük gezegenlerden ve asteroitlerden doğal kaynakları çıkarmak için teknolojiler geliştiriyor. Reuters'e göre Pekin, Mars ve Ay'ı, Çin'in kendisine ait olduğunu iddia ettiği Güney Çin Denizi'ndeki tartışmalı adalara bile benzetti. Armagno, uluslararası düzeni değiştirmeye çalışan tek ülkenin Çin olduğunu vurguladı. Görünüşe göre general, ülkesinin eylemlerini ve planlarını bilmiyor. Ona göre Çin, hedeflerine ulaşmak için ekonomik, askeri ve teknolojik güç kazanıyor. Çin'in uzay programının 1956 yılına kadar uzandığını hatırlayın. 1970 yılında ilk Çin uydusu fırlatıldı. Bugün Çin, uzay teknolojisinin geliştirilmesinde bir dizi alanda liderliği ele geçirdi. Pekin, hemen hemen her türden uyduya ve çeşitli tasarımlara sahip fırlatma araçlarına sahiptir. Çin şimdiden Ay ve Mars'a gezegenler arası istasyonlar kuruyor. Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimic 1986 The horse-chestnut leafminer Cameraria ohridella Deschka and Dimić, 1986 is a small species of leaf-mining moth in the family Gracillariidae. This species would probably have remained obscure but for its recent dramatic rise into public prominence as a result of a spectacular process of biological invasion in the past 25 years. The basic information given on this page marks the first quarter century of biological invasion of this species, since the first records reported within the type series information (i.e. 8-14 July, 1984). The moth's type locality is 6 km. south of Ohrid (Lake Ohrid) in Macedonia at 705 m. elevation, as reported in the original description (https://www.orleans.inra.fr/content/download/2649/47277/version/1/file/D...). This species has been found to be present as early stages in numerous herbarium collections of native horse-chestnut in Albania and Greece going back to 1879 (Lees et al. 2011). The species has come to wide public recognition in many countries only in the last decade owing to the extreme browning it causes to the white flowered, Common Horse-chestnut tree Aesculus hippocastanum L. (hereafter “horse-chestnut”). It is relevant to understand the history of this tree species in Europe. This tree derives its latin and common names in several languages from the use of its seeds or their extracts for prevention of equine pulmonary heart disease, coughs or parasites, a practice that dates back to such use in the Ottaman empire centered in Istanbul, which included the Balkans (Lack, 2000; 2002). This tree has been widely planted in European parks and cities since the 1570-80s (it was introduced to Paris around 1615: Augustin, 2005). By 1581, the "Castanea equina" had been introduced to Vienna from Istanbul by Karl Clusius, probably as a present from the Turkish Ambassador David Ungnad Graf von Weissenfels, and likely as a living tree (Lack, 2000). Leaf samples were earlier (1563) sent to Ulysse Aldrovandi in Bologna. In 1795-1798, the tree was first discovered growing naturally in the Pindus Mountains of Greece by English botanist John Hawkins, although it had been widely supposed to be of north Indian origin, as reflected in the French common name "Marronnier d'Inde" (Lack, 2000). The fact then that the appearance of C. ohridella (and indeed the genus Cameraria) in much of Western Europe has been so recent and dramatic, without earlier detection by entomologists, had made its origin a far greater mystery than that of its hostplant. It was originally thought to be a relict species in the Balkans (Deschka and Dimić, 1986; Pschorn-Walcher, 1994; Grabenweger and Grill, 2000), where the horse-chestnut is considered to be a relict from the Tertiary period (Xiang et al., 1998; Avtzis et al., 2007; Harris et al., 2009). A more recent hypothesis (Hellrigl, 1998; 2001) was that the moth is an example of a sudden host plant shift to horse-chestnut, probably from maple or sycamore (Acer spp.), maybe combined with long distance translocation (Kenis et al., 2006; but see also under Origin). Another hypothesis was that this species may have originated in North America (e.g. Kenis et al., 2005), but this was not considered likely, despite the high Cameraria diversity in this region (52 out of 74 described species: Grabenweger and Grill, 2000; de Prins and de Prins, 2005), because of the lack of close relatives of Old World species in the New World and the good knowledge of the North American fauna (Kumata, 1963; Pschorn-Walcher, 1997). The finding of larvae and pupae in the conspicuous mines of this species on herbarium specimens that were collected in remote parts of the southern Balkans by some of the earliest botanical explorations of the region, for example by Theodor Heldreich whose distributed botanical duplicates (from an 1879 collection) contained the earliest known caterpillars of the species (Lees et al. 2011), rules out these hypotheses and clearly shows a Balkan origin for a moth, whose genus was also not previously known to occur in Europe.. Small moth, adults around 3.5 mm in forewing length, orange-brown with basal white longitudinal streak and four whitish bent or interrupted fasciae edged in black, fringed towards dorsum (Figs 3, 4). Hindwings greyish brown, long-fringed on both sides. Head orange-tufted. Antennae over 4/5 forewing length. Legs equally banded white and black. Mines easily recognised as multiple conspicuous whitish yellow and brown blotches on surface of horse-chestnut leaves that cause significant browning towards the end of the summer (Fig. 1). Conservation and Management The species is invasive and not threatened. See also under management. The most effective control measures are for trees to be completely removed, or, more cheaply, for the leaves to be carefully swept up and incinerated, but this may be difficult for plants in rough herbage or on private land, and must be done before adult emergence e.g. by the end of March (Kehrli and Bacher 2004). One effective chemical control measure is the injection of the insecticide imidacloprid ("Gaucho", "Admire") in the trunk or soil (Buszko, 2006; Percival et al., 2011) but however this is banned in some countries due to high toxicity to bees. Lufox 105 EC (Syngenta) which includes Fenoxycarb, an inhibitor of chitin synthesis, and also with a relatively low (WHO class III) level of environmental toxicity, has been successfully used combined with a surfactant Cide-Kick II in spraying, with 98-100% mortality to pupae and can be combined successfully with manual leaf removal measures (Syeryebryennikov, 2008). Whilst a synthetic pheromone is successful in catching males (http://www.uochb.cas.cz/~natur/cameraria/chemec.htm), until now pheromone traps have not been shown to provide effective control (Svatoš et al. 2009). The spreading moths have been successful themselves in recruiting generalist members of the local parasitoid community. Biocontrol measures using parasitoids have so far not proved successful, owing to the lack of specialist parasitoids so far being detected in natural horse-chestnut stands in the Balkans, a possible exception being the eulophid parasitoid wasp Pediobius saulius, whose attacks are much more prevalent in Balkan populations of Cameraria ohridella than elsewhere in Europe (Kenis et al., 2005). For monitoring, a system of pheromone traps and Rothamsted traps are used in many places in Europe (Kindl et al., 2002, Augustin et al., 2004, 2009). Not legislated. However, the deliberate transport of any living stage needs to be strongly discouraged. The species is not generally considered to need conservation management except for its control. However, the discovery of unique, not yet invasive haplotypes in remote parts of the Balkans (Valade et al., 2009) might alter this viewpoint. In fact also the hostplant is red-listed in Albania (see under Threats). Most mitochondrial races in the Balkans appear to be narrowly endemic including in Albania. The today dominant (and perhaps more invasive) haplotype A may already have been swamping some natural populations, for example in Karitsa, Ossa Mountain, E. Greece. Haplotype frequency changes in the population at Karitsa, evidenced by a series of herbarium samples from 1936 to 1981, seem to have been caused by vehicular transport of the moth (Gilbert et al. 2004) aided by late road development in the Balkans (Lees et al. 2011). It is noteworthy that some hard of access sites, such as Perivoli in Greece, contain populations with remarkable genetic diversity: Valade et al. (2009) reported 11 mitochondrial haplotypes from Perivoli. The moth is a major threat to the white-flowered horse-chestnut as an amenity tree and source of conkers for childrens' games (which are traditional in the UK), not because it kills the trees (the attacks have not caused tree mortality in the last 15 years and they can still usually produce conkers, although of lesser weight) (Thalman et al., 2003; Percival et al. 2011), but because councils are increasingly replacing the trees with other species whose aesthetic value is not affected. In
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根的值。 在本视频中,我将向你展示如何通过乘以共来合理化分数的分母。 在本视频中,我将向你展示如何合理化分数的分母。 在本视频中,我将向你展示一种查找最大公因数的方法,该方法可用于大于1的任意数量的数字。 在本视频中,我将向你展示一种查找最小公倍数的方法,这个方法适用于任何数量多于1或更多的数字。 在本视频中,我将向你展示如何使用替代方法求解方程组或一组联立方程。 在这个视频中,我将向你展示如何根据提供的的半径找到球体的体积。 在此视频中,我将向你展示如何使用勾股定理找到直角三角形的缺失侧。 在此示例中,我们要找到斜边(最长的一面)。 在本视频中,我将向你展示如何使用称为FOIL的方法扩展双括号。 首先,外部,内部,最后。 在本视频中,我将向你展示如何使用我称为KFC的方法将一个分数除以另一个分数。 保持,翻转,改变。 This video is a continuation of the last video on the size of number systems, where the cardinalities of the naturals, wholes, integers and rationals were discussed This video is a follow-up on the previous video on Simple Interest Here an alternative but more commonly used model is discussed, known as Compound Interest Interest is the money charged on a loan - the one who borrowed money must pay the money back in addition to some extra (called Interest) In the video it is proven that the Naturals, Wholes and Integers have the same cardinality, In this video I will show you how to find the Area of a circle given the circle s diameter 在此视频中,我将向您展示如何正确回答滑铁卢大学数学竞赛8年级高斯论文的第22题。 这个问题需要使用代数来形成和求解方程,并且需要一些 به گزارش فرادید به نقل از گاردین، فکر می کنی من احمق هستم؟ دیر یا زود به عنوان یک پدر یا مادر این سوال را از زبان خودت می شنوی. شما هیچ راه فراری ندارید. این سوال بدون آنکه آگاهانه به آن فکر کرده باشی بر زبانت می آید. این سوال یک نوع ترفند زبانی برای جلب توجه است و پدر و مادرهای ما هم برای جلب توجه این کار را می کردند، بخشی از دستور زبان عصبانی بودن است. مثلا شما زمانی که فرزندتان با بی تفاوتی به شما زل می زند و تلفن گم شده اش را از شما می خواهد از آن استفاده می کنید. تا حالا این اتفاق دوبار برای من افتاده است. پسر بزرگ من ۱۴ ساله است و برادرش تنها ۱۲ سال سن دارد اما به خاطر بلوغ زودرس بچه های دوم، او خیلی زودتر در هنر احمق خواندن من استاد شده است. هر دوی آنها در وسط امتحان هایشان هستند. ممکن است که من انسان نالایقی باشم که به دستاوردهای حرفه ای ام بی تفاوت هستم (پسرهای من مطمئنا این طور فکر می کنند) اما من در همه امتحاناتم بالاترین نمره را می گرفتم. من عاشق امتحان ها هستم اما مشخص شده که توانایی من در بیاد آوردن آنچه خوانده ام زمان بر است: من برای پذیرفتن مسئولیت رسیدگی به امور بچه ها بسیار نامناسب هستم. مرا از هر گونه درگیری در درس های ریاضی یا علوم بچه ها منع کرده اند و توانایی من در کار حرفه ای ام که با احترام از آن یاد می شود به پیشنهاد برای یک گردش دست جمعی لذت بخش در روستا تقلیل پیدا کرده است (که خیلی وقت است این کار را هم انجام نمی دهم). تلاش می کنم پسر بزرگم را درگیر بحث جالب فئودالیسم کنم اما او طفره می رود؛ وقتی سعی می کنم افعال زبان چینی را از پسر کوچکترم امتحان بگیرم با لبخندی معنا دار تلفظ من را تصحیح میکند. قبلا زندگی راحت تر بود. من مثل یک فرشته بودم، یک الهه که می توانست معجزه کند. فرزندانم کاملا به من ایمان داشتند. در آن زمان من فقط می بایست برای آنها کارتون های مسخره ای پخش می کردم و برایشان کیک شکلاتی می پختم و خیلی ساده نیروی جاذبه را برایشان توضیح می دادم و از وایکینگ ها به عنوان یک قهرمان تمجید می کردم. اما حالا وقتی که دارم به آنها برخی آموزشها در مورد بلوغ می دهم یا در مورد نگهداری از کابل تلوزیون حرف می زنم یا عقیده ای در مورد سوریه را بیان می کنم آنها از زور عصبانیت به من می خندند. قبول دارم که اخیرا تا یک اندازه دچار گیجی مخصوص میان سالی شده ام و متاسفانه این با هشیاری بچه هایم که خاصیت اصلی سن شان است هم زمان شده است. آیا وقتی که می گویند «Ram بیشتری بخر» یا «SLI قوی» می دانم که منظورشان چیست؟ نه . آیا من واقعا از پسر کوچکم پنج بار پرسیده ام که آیا فردا به شنا می رود یا نه؟ شاید. من نمی توانم جلوی خودم را بگیرم. اخیرا آنها سرگرمی لذت بخش تازه ای پیدا کرده اند، بارها ویدیویی را به من نشان می دهند که من می باید احتمال وجود سه حیوان یا خودرو که پشت سه در پنهان شده اند را حساب کنم. این کار مرا گیج می کند و اشک من را در می آورد. وقتی که من و پدرشان بعد از شام روی مبل خوابمان می برد و بعد از مدتی گیج و منگ از خواب بیدار می شویم، آنها مطمئن می شوند که ما واقعا شخصیت های رمان احمق ها نوشته رولد دال هستیم. البته ما در این زمینه تنها نیستیم و همین موضوع کمی ما را آسوده می کند. همه نوجوانان فکر می کنند که والدین شان احمقند. این امر خاصیت هر تکاملی است: یک بیرحمی ای که تقریبا فراگیر است، آنها را ترغیب می کند که خانه شان ترک کنند و والدین شان را تشویق می کند تا آنها را پس بزنند. وقتی پسرم با منی که فارغ التحصیل تاریخ معاصر هستم از عوامل جنگ جهانی اول بحث می کند اذیت می شوم، به یاد خانم زیست شناسی می افتم که حافظ محیط زیست بود و پسرش او را که مشاور انرژی های جایگزین بود با سوال هایش در مورد احتیاج به انرژی های تجدید شونده ناراحت می کرد، آنوقت شوهر و دیگر آشنایان تلاش می کردند که جواب های بی ربطی به پسر ۱۱ ساله او بدهند. همه ما سر و ته یک کرباس هستیم، گیج و نالایق که به ندرت می توانیم دستگاه کنترل از راه دور را به تنهایی بکار ببریم. ما با تقلید از نسل والدین احمقی که این موضوع را درک نمی کنند، افرادی که راهکارهای نجات بخشی از گذشتگان مان گردآوری کرده اند را نادیده می گیریم. پیش از هر چیز با این راهکارها می توانیم به راحتی فکر کنیم که ممکن است این وضعیت تا اندازه ای نتیجه رفتارهای خودمان در گذشته باشد. شما این کار را با پدر و مادر خود کرده اید و حالا پس از سالها فرزندان تان این کار را با شما می کنند. به عنوان یک نوجوان، من به برتری فکر وسیع ام نسبت به پدر و مادرم پرفسور بدینگتون و پرفسور بالدوین مطمئن بودم هرچند از مخالفت با آنها دچار شکست می شدم. پس از مرگ پدرم یک مدل ریاضی را به نام او کردند اما من در شش سالگی معتقدم بودم که او احمق ترین فرد روی زمین برای پیاده روی است. آنقدر بطور عجیب و غریبی در مورد حماقت او اعتقاد داشتم که در خیابان ۱۰ قدم از او عقب تر راه می رفتم. حالا مجازات آن کارم را از طریق فرزندانم تحمل می کنم. هر کسی سزای عمل خودش را می بیند. من مشتاقانه منتظرم ببینم که نوه هایم در آینده راه پسر هایم را در این جدایی نفرت بر انگیز و تلخ دنبال می کنند. اما حتی اگر بشود کاری در این مورد انجام داد، چه می توانیم بکنیم؟ دو نظریه در این مورد وجود دارد. اولی می گوید خیلی سخت نگیر. آیا می دانید که گربه ها چگونه افرادی که کمترین توجهی به آنها ندارند را جذب می کنند؟ نوجوان ها اساسا مثل گربه ها هستند (واضح است که بچه های ۴ تا ۱۰ سال مثل سگ های بازیگوش و بچه های زیر ۴ سال حاصل ترکیب نامقدس میمون های زوزه کش و راسوهای بد بو هستند.) تا جایی که می توانید به هیچ وجه تلاش نکنید که با خونسردی توجه بچه ها را را به خودتان جلب کنید. همه ما به یاد داریم معلم های که سعی می کردند در مقابل بچه ها کوتاه بیایند چه قدر منزجر کننده بودند. این کار را نکنید. ماجراهای مهمانی دادن و به جشنواره رفتن تان حالتان را بهم می زند: برای آنها مهم نیست که شما یک گروه موسیقی را پیش از آنکه معروف شوند می شناختید یا با فلان هنر پیشه عکس یادگاری انداخته اید. فحش و ناسزا ندهید. به تلاش خود ادامه بدهید. ناپدری ام تلاش زیادی کرد که من و خواهرم را به خواندن رمان های روسی تشویق کند و جلوی سیگار کشیدن ما در حیاط پشتی را بگیرد. اما نتیجه کارش تیره کردن رابطه ما با او بود. اگر بخواهید این شیوه را از طریق تعالیم مذهبی پیش بگیرید، ممکن است گاهی اوقات پیشرفت کمی داشته باشید: مثلا وقتی که دارید تلویزیون تماشا می کنید سرشان را رو شانه شما خم کنند، یا بی مقدمه از شما بخواهند که نحوه پخت کیک شکلاتی را به او آموزش بدهید یا یک سوال ریاضی را برایشان حل کنید. اما ممکن نیست پیشرفت بیشتری داشته باشید. نکته کلیدی این است که اهیمت زیادی به هر یک از این راه ها ندهید. در عوض، می توانید به آنها نشان دهید که کارهایتان درست است. در کارهای تان اغراق کنید: در خیابان لباس بادگیر بپوشید و بگویید که عاشق آهنگ تازه خواننده مورد علاقه تان هستید و بعد شروع کنید و آن را با صدای بلند بخوانید از آنها بپرسید که آیا هنوز فلان هنرپیشه درجه دو را دوست دارند یا نه؟ همان مسخره ای باشید که آنها فکر می کنند: این طور بودن آرامش بخش تر است تا اینکه مثل یک عروسک خیمه شب بازی خنده دار، مسئول توزیع پول باشید. خلاصه اینکه شما نمی توانید نظر یک نوجوان را در مورد خودتان تغییر دهید برای اینکه آنها پیشاپیش بدترین تصور از شما را در ذهن خود دارند. مسئله این است که من عاشق نوجوان ها هستم چه فرزندان خودم چه بچه های دیگران. علیرغم تمام اهانت ها، مسخره کردن ها و بی اعتنایی به پیشنهادهای بسیار خوب، آنها موجودات شگفت انگیزی هستند: بامزه، سرزنده و پر از ایده و به معنی واقعی انسان. واقعا همین که کنار آنها باشم احساس خوشبختی می کنم. ( جز اوقاتی که دلم می خواهد خفه شان کنم. بهتر است بگویم که احساس الانم ۵۰:۵۰ است.) دیگر اینکه من در مورد این موضوع فکر می کنم، علاوه بر این دچار این وسوسه شده ام که نتیجه بگیرم که شاید ما احتیاج داریم که قضاوت آنها را بپذیریم: ما احمق هستیم. این جهان، جهان آنهاست و ما با تغییرات کشنده آب و هوا، ترس از عقاید نامتعارف و تصمیمات نادرست سیاسی مان این جهان را برای آنها جای نا امنی می کنیم. دوستم باربارا اخیرا به دختر نوجوانش گفت کاش می شد کاری کرد که جلوی اهانت هایی که به بزرگترها می شود را گرفت. دخترش در جواب گفت: «اینقدر چرند نگو» Hibiscus tiliaceus: Edible Chameleon It’s difficult to find a hibiscus you don’t like, including the Mahoe. In fact, to this writer’s knowledge all hibiscus are edible in some way. They are not all edible in the same way, and the palatability varies greatly. With some it is the flower, others the leaves, sometimes the seed oil only. But, if you have a hibiscus, you have some kind of edible some way. Like most hibiscus the Mahoe’s blossom lasts only a day. The blossoms stars out yellow but by the end of the day is turning maroon red.... a dynamic flower, and edible, cooked or raw. So are the young leaves, cooked. The roots are edible cooked and the inner bark, the cambium, can be suckled of its moisture and nutrients. The bark can be peeled off in strips and used as is for fishing line. It was also used to make cloth in the Pacific Islands before cotton was made available. And if you use a bow and spindle and spin a hardwood spindle on a baseboard of dry Mahoe, it makes a burning ember for a fire very easily. Actually, the flowers can be boiled like a green or dipped in batter and fried. The leaves can also be fermented into a sauce to make a tempeh starter or boiled in salted water to make a beverage called Onge Tea. The next reasonable question is why do the blossoms turn color? There are two possible answers that can coexist. One is that the plant is making antioxidants to protect it from the sunlight. The other is the change in color allows the shrub to attract different pollinators who are attracted to different colors. That leads one to infer that flowers collected later in the day may be more beneficial that those collected in the morning. The botanical name for the Mahoe, Hibiscus tiliaceus (Hye-BISK-us til-ee-AH-see-us) is quite straight forward and not some naughty word play by Carl Linneaus, who started naming plants. Hibiscus is from the Greek word iviscos (ee-VIS-kos) where we get the word viscus and viscosity in English. It means “sticky” because most Hibiscus are mucilaginous. And the species name itself is very sensible. Tiliaceus means like the Tilia, or the Basswood tree (aka Linden tree and Lime tree.) The Mahoe leaves do resemble the Tilia leaves... roughly heart shaped and a very long, pointed tip. Linnaeus got it all right for a change. Mahoe is from the Taino language of the Caribbean and refers to two trees, the Mahoe, and the Blue Mahoe ( Talipariti elatum) the latter a much larger tree. Don’t confuse the Mahoe with the Milo, or Thespesia populnea, see separate entry. The Mahoe has 9 to 11 prominent veins in the leaf. The Milo has seven. The Mahoe also has dense star-shaped hairs on lower surfaces, the Milo does not. Don’t confuse either with the H. pernambucensis which has solid-yellow flowers, without the dark center. Green Deane’s “Itemized” Plant Profile IDENTIFICATION: Shrub to a large tree, tangled growth, in wet areas low branches root in the water, leaves nearly round, Basswood like, short tip, four to eight inches wide, shiny green above, soft, fuzzy gray-green below, flowers cupped 5-petaled, five petals, dark center, yellow turning maroon falling at night or the next morning. Ten-pointed calyx, five seams, seeds hard, brown, 1/8 inch TIME OF YEAR: Year round in warmer claims, nearly year round in subtropical/temperate areas. ENVIRONMENT: Coastal hammocks, dunes, damp mainland, landscaping METHOD OF PREPARATION: The flowers can be boiled like a green or dipped in batter and fried. The leaves boiled like a green or fermented into a sauce to make a tempeh starter. They can be boiled in salted water to make a beverage called Onge Tea. The inner bark is edible as well, though usually suckled. Roast the roots. The U.S. Navy attempted to develop a shark attack repellant after many sailors were attacked during WWII. The first step was the formation of a “Shark Research Panel,” which led to what we have today: the International Shark Attack File. When someone is attacked by a shark, anywhere in the world, the investigation closely resembles police work. “We’re not reinventing the wheel. There’s been no shortage of trial and error that went into police investigations and what we do follows,” says George Burgess, the world’s foremost shark attack investigator. Start capacitors can be found in air conditioners, refrigerators, and even in washers. One of the most commonly asked questions is how to test the capacitor on an air conditioner if it starts humming and does not start. A capacitor can actually help you see whether the appliance is working correctly or not. All you will need is a multimeter, and you should be able to check whether the capacitor is working fine or needs a replacement. So if you’re curious how to test the capacitor on an air conditioner, keep reading and follow the step-by-step guide below. Discharge the capacitor The first thing that you will have to do is locate the capacitor inside the air conditioner. Capacitors will be metal tubes. They store an electric charge, and you should be able to find it near a motor inside the air conditioner. If you have a screwdriver, use it to open the air conditioner. After that, locate the capacitor. It’s recommended to use a needle-nose plier, which has an insulated handle so that you can remove wires. Ensure that you have unplugged the air conditioner before locating the capacitor inside it. Now take the screwdriver that has an insulated handle. If you don’t have one, it’s recommended to buy one; you will find it easily in a hardware store. You should use a screwdriver with an insulated handle because the rubber will not allow electricity to travel through the metal. This way, you will be saved from getting electrocuted. Ensure that you’re taking extreme caution while working with electricity since electricity shock can cause severe damage to your body and health. Along with it, make sure that the handle doesn’t have any crack; if it does, replace it right away. For added protection, it’s recommended to wear a pair of gloves. Hold the screwdriver’s handle correctly, and then place the shaft of the screwdriver on the positive terminal. You will see a plus sign on the correct terminal. Ensure that you don’t end up touching the other terminal. While maintaining contact with the screwdriver on the positive terminal, tap on the negative terminal once. Once you make the connection, don’t feel alarmed when you hear a small pop sound. This means that the capacitor is discharging. After the first spark, allow the screwdriver to contact the terminal for some time while tapping on the negative side one or two times. This should be done because sometimes excess charges sometimes are left behind. Using a
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危险。他们一起努力,不断提高自己的剑术,挑战邪恶。随着故事的发展,田芸逐渐揭开了隐藏在他背后的巨大阴谋,而他身份的揭露也吸引了众多敌人对他的追捕。 《剑神传奇》是一部充满战斗、友情和冒险的动画电影。男主隐藏大剑师身份的设定增加了剧情的悬念和张力,观众期待着田芸能否成功战胜恶势力,揭露真相,最终实现心中的正义。 3.子中学是哪部动画? 神的奇妙 从小接受精英教育的·穆恩继承了爷爷留下的洪学院。自然留下来,经常抱着一个熊猫木偶,用来讲腹语。与华联有约。真身在神榜。因决战时需要其空间神器“大杭州”移动伏庞大的身,被女重塑。受女委派,前往伦敦帮助华莲,并以封神榜之力成功保护华莲免受九州基督徒围攻。女利用新月的力量控制了湖岛。湖岛与九重增城相撞后,重塑的尸体被女引爆。 4.石昊第一次找到爷爷了吗? 石昊第一次去看爷爷时发现了它。《完美世界》第38集,石昊为了找到自己的爷爷,大闹雨宫,吃了雨神的玉,最终成功找到了自己的爷爷石中天。 石昊第一次去看他的祖父时发现了它,并和他一起吃了一顿美味的饭。 İlk olarak 1705 senesinde İngiliz Thomas Newcomen ve 1760 senesinde James Watt, maden ocaklarında kullanılmak üzere, buharla çalışan makinaları yaptılar. 1769 yılında Nicholas Cugnot adındaki soylu bir Fransız, bir makineyle kendiliğinden çalışan ilk kara taşıtını tasarladı. Cugnot, tasarısını üç tekerlekli, çok büyük bir buhar kazanından sağlanan güçle çalışan buhar makineli bir araba şeklinde gerçekleştirdi. Bu vasıta saatte yaklaşık olarak 4. 5 kilometre yol alabiliyordu. Her 20 kilometrede bir kazanın doldurulması gerekiyordu. 1789 yılında, Amerikalı Oliver Evans, kendiliğinden hareket eden ilk araba için Amerika’da patent aldı. Bu araç dört tekerlekliydi. Arka tarafındaki pedallı tekerlekler, hem karada hem de suda hareket edebilmesini sağlıyordu. Ağırlığı ise 21 tondu. 1801 senesinde ise İngiliz Richard Trevithick, buharla çalışan ilk otomobili icat etti. Buhar elde edilmesi büyük hacim ve işçilik gerektirdiğinden, daha pratik çözümler üzerinde çalışmalar başladı. Bunu izleyen 60 yıl boyunca, başka mucitler de aynı doğrultudaki çalışmalarını sürdürdüler. Gerçekleştirilen tasarıların çoğu buharlıydı. Ayrıca birkaç tane de elektrikle çalışan model yapılmıştı. Bunlarda büyük akümülatörler vardı. 1860 senesinde Alman August Otto, havagazı ile çalışan ilk otomobili icat etti. Daha sonra, 1880′ li yıllarda, otomobilin bugünkü halini almasında esas olan iki icat ortaya kondu. Söz konusu icatlardan biri içten yanmalı motordu. Öteki icat ise pnömatik, ya da havayla dolu tekerlekti. 1886 senesinde ise Alman Gottlieb Daimler ve Karl Benz aynı zamanlarda ayrı ayrı dört zamanlı benzinli motoru icat ettiler. Benzinli motorun icadından sonra 1887 yılında benzinle çalışan ilk otomobil, Gottlieb Daimler tarafından icat edildi. Otomobil ile ilgili, 1800 lü yılların sonlarından 1960 lı yıllara kadar olan gelişmeler daha çok ABD’de oldu. Bu süre içerisindeki otomobildeki önemli gelişmeler; akü ile ilk hareket, ateşleme sistemi, karbüratör, süspansiyon sistemleri, fren hidrolik sistemleri, difransiyel ve lüksü arttıran diğer ilavelerdir. Amerika’da, Frank ve Charles Duryea adında iki kardeş 1892 ve 1893 yıllarında benzinle çalışan Amerikan otomobillerini yaptılar. the hidden truth child labor a dark stain on the us Imagine a dark workshop with 14-year-olds working. In Asia, Africa, or Latin America? It’s happening in the world’s largest and most advanced economy, the US. Washington’s Economic Policy Institute reported shocking child labor statistics. According to this report, several US states are trying to loosen child labor laws so that industry groups can profit from the constant flow of young immigrants from the South. You might ask, hasn’t the federal government stopped this? The New York Times investigative reporter Hannah Dreier described how the US treats undocumented teens. The Department of Health and Human Services decides “who’s going to take all of these kids in the long term” by sending unaccompanied South American teenagers to jail-like facilities. With border crossings rising, the department releases teenagers to sponsors who may exploit them for child labor without interviews or background checks. Sponsors and dysfunctional institutions are not solely responsible. US authorities share responsibility. The US is the only UN member not to ratify the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The US government is “free” to ignore massive domestic violations of children’s basic rights because it is not bound by international law. Those children face many dangers, including physical harm, without host country protection. Some states are lowering the age for nonhazardous and hazardous work and reducing child protection. It increases risks. Dreier mentioned children who fell from multi-story buildings and lost fingers and legs. According to the EPI report, the maximum working hours were extended, reducing those children’s school hours and undermining their career prospects. More shockingly, children’s rights to life and health are violated in small-town underground workshops under law enforcement’s radar and in some larger companies where investigative reporters “would easily get kicked out by security guards”. This appears to be a nationwide issue. Children, humanity’s future, should be loved and protected. That’s why most UN members have protected children from heavy labor and enshrined their rights in international law. Today’s US child labor tragedies are unacceptable. The 53rd Human Rights Council Session in the Place des Nations must address US child labor and hold those responsible accountable. The US must take urgent action to stop child labor within its borders. The current situation jeopardizes children’s fundamental rights and may have long-term negative effects on their physical, mental, and emotional health. The US must ratify the Convention on the Rights of the Child, implement stricter laws against businesses that use young children as slaves, and enhance protection for these defenseless people. Then and only then will we be able to stop more tragedies in our backyard. The other night, my friend called me regarding her daughter who had a strange rash, hives we determined. What she didn’t understand was, though her daughter had the rash the night before, it had cleared up during the day, but was back that evening. I did tell her that it’s not unusual for rashes and hives, even insect bites to be fine during the day, but resurface or flare up at night. Though I knew that, I had no idea why, and curiosity got the best of me. Hives are raised skin irritations that resemble mosquito bites, but can be much larger. They usually appear in groups, most frequently on arms, legs, back and torso, and can disappear as quickly as they come on. For some, however, they become chronic (lasting months or more) and as we’ve said, are usually worse at night. Obviously, this can become a very uncomfortable and frustrating situation; it’s important to understand why they are worse at night. The body actually produces its own anti-itch chemicals which help us out with relieving all types of rashes, stings and hives. Often, this chemical provides enough relief for us; sometimes we need to help it along with an antihistamine like Benadryl or Chlortrimeton. As the sun goes down and our body prepares for sleep, however, this chemical in our body decreases. It is very common, like my friend’s daughter, for the rash to worsen at night and then disappear completely during the day. This is also why your insect bites itch more at night. So we have the why, but what to do? Trying to sleep with a body full of itchy hives is not only hard to do, but while sleeping, many people scratch the rash unknowingly, making it worse. There are several recommendations of treatment worth trying. Taking an oral antihistamine will not only relieve some of the itchiness, but also help with sleep. Benadryl and Chlortrimeton are the most often recommended (Benadryl is my particular drug of choice). Another non-medicative option to try is a cool shower or bath before bed, but not hot because that will exacerbate the hives. You can also add an oatmeal bath to your water, like Aveeno. Oatmeal baths are also a good option for babies and young children if you are opposed to medicating at a young age; it’s also a relaxing alternative. Another suggestion is increasing your water intake throughout the day to help your body flush out the hive causing toxin. You can also try rooibos tea as it contains quercetin, a natural antihistamine, and it will simultaneously aid in the cleansing of your body. Hives are not only uncomfortable, but also frustrating due to their mysterious nature. If you can’t find the cause, at least perhaps you can alleviate some of the nighttime itchiness. Here’s to a good night’s sleep. - Heather Legg در مسابقۀ ۱۳ آوره کرکت میان ورزشکارن یک تیم محلی کابل و تیم سربازان آیساف تیم محلی کابل به نام یکه توت توانست تیم آیساف را شکست دهد. خبرنگار رادیو آزادی از محل برگزاری بازی گفت که قرعه را بازیکنان تیم کرکت یکه توت برنده شد و بیتینگ را به بازیکنان آیساف واگذار کردند. ورزشکاران آیساف با از دست ۶ بازیکن در ۱۳ آور ۸۴ دوش برای ورزشکاران افغان هدف تعیین کردند. تیم کرکت یکه توت در جواب با از دست ۳ بازیکن اش توانست هدف تعیین شده را در آور ششم تکمیل نماید و با تفاوت یک رنز برنده شد. هدف از راه اندازی این مسابقه ایجاد روابط میان ورزشکاران افغان و سربازان آیساف عنوان شده است. وی با اشاره به تهیه صورتجلسه و ارجاع پرونده به اداره کل تعزیرات حکومتی گیلان، افزود: در همین راستا پرونده در دستور کار یکی از شعب قرار گرفت. مدیر کل تعزیرات حکومتی گیلان با بیان اینکه پس از احضار متهم و استماع دفاعیات وی، شعبه اتهام انتسابی را وارد دانست، ادامه داد: بر همین اساس متخلف را علاوه بر ضبط کالای مکشوفه به پرداخت بیش از ۹۲۸ میلیون ریال جزای نقدی در حق صندوق دولت محکوم و رأی اجرا شد. 比4B还软的橡皮(橡皮怎么选2b和4b) 1. B和HB石墨痕迹,2B可以擦除2个石墨痕迹,也可以擦除HB石墨痕迹。 它的软度和硬度不同。 4B橡皮擦比2B橡皮擦更柔软,不会轻易撕裂纸张。 准确删除因人而异。 与删除 4B 相比,我更有可能删除 2B,而且我不太可能删除不应该删除的内容。 两者的软度和硬度不同:4b橡皮比2b橡皮更软,4B橡皮擦起来更软,不会轻易撕破纸张。 两款须刀的能力不同:4b橡皮擦比2b橡皮擦干净,清洁能力更强。 我更精确地删除2.b,更温和地删除4b。 与画笔规格类似,不同的数字代表不同的橡皮擦硬度。 一般来说,当字母规格由橡胶组成时,数字越高,橡胶越软。 也就是说,使用字母 b 和四进制的比使用二进制的要温和得多。 绘画时使用专业的橡皮擦。 一般来说,美术橡皮的质地比普通橡皮更柔软,摸起来有弹性,可以整齐地擦除,不会损坏提取纸或留下明显的白凸不平。 3.在训练环境中老师通常推荐使用2B删除。 这是因为2B橡皮的硬度可以让学生更好地控制自己的擦除力度,避免不必要的错误。 由于4B是软橡皮,很容易被过度删除,影响学生的书写或吸收体验。 因此,在教育环境中,2B橡皮可以有不同的笔硬度,2b和4b通常代表笔的硬度,他们的工作往往以笔的硬度来区分,4b比2b软并且是。 不容易刮花纸,2b用起来更准确,还有其他不该擦的东西。 大约硬度4b橡皮擦质地较软,涂抹时柔软,不易撕破纸张,2b橡皮擦质地较硬。 保险丝,2B橡皮擦比4B橡皮擦更准确,而且不容易擦掉不该擦的东西。 因此2b橡皮擦和4b橡皮擦的擦除能力就更低了,4B橡皮擦可以擦除4条图形痕迹,2B橡皮擦可以擦除2条图形痕迹和HB橡皮擦痕迹。 4B比2B软,4B擦时要顺滑,不会轻易撕破纸张,2B擦时会更准确,不会轻易擦掉不该擦的东西。 National Institute for Standards and Technology AKA 9/11 Commission The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (also known as the 9-11 Commission), an independent, bipartisan commission created by congressional legislation and the signature of President George W. Bush in late 2002, is chartered to prepare a full and complete account of the circumstances surrounding the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, including preparedness for and the immediate response to the attacks. The Commission is also mandated to provide recommendations designed to guard against future attacks. Federal Emergency Management Agency Official website of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, or FEMA. "The web is full of sites covering various conspiracy theories. Many seem well-researched, and appear to have plenty of detailed documentation to prove their claims. But are they really true?" "Exploding the myths." Popular Mechanics article: Debunking the 9/11 Myths Popular Mechanics examines the evidence and consults the experts to refute the most persistent conspiracy theories of September 11. Zeitgeist The Movie Debunked A critical look at what are seen as errors in the Zeitgeist movie. "An Attempt to Uncover the Truth About September 11th, 2001" "A Resource for Understanding the 9/11/01 Attack" "The hidden story of building 7." Journal of 9/11 Studies "a peer-reviewed, open-access, electronic-only journal, covering the whole of research related to the events of 11 September, 2001." Scholars for 9/11 Truth | Scholars for 9/11 Truth and Justice Portal page for Scholars for 9/11 Truth and Scholars for 9/11 Truth and Justice. Patriots Question 911 "List of prominent people questioning 9/11." Collection of Audio and Video clips. Proof of a Controlled Demolition: Part 1, Part 2, Part 3 Running time: 2hrs 15 mins (in total) "Architect, Richard Gage explores the flawed conclusions of the 911 Commission report and the conclusions of NIST, in this new presentation on evidence supporting controlled demolition for World Trade 1, 2 and 7. Newly produced architectural blueprints of the north tower augment Richard's analysis. http://ae911truth.org Produced by John Parulis of http://brightpathvideo.com The presentation at Sonoma State Univ, Project Censored, is divided in 3 parts." THE TRUTH & LIES OF 9/11 Running time: 2hrs 17 mins "This pioneering, groundbreaking expose of 9-11, now two years old, painted a stark and accurate picture of our world today and TOMMORROW." Loose Change Final Cut - Running Time: 2hrs 9 mins Zeitgeist - Remasterd Final Edition Running Time: 2hrs "ZEITGEIST, The Movie - Remastered / Final Edition - Full Production. What does Christianity, 911 and The Federal Reserve all have in common?" 9/11 Controlled Demolitions of September 11, 2001 Running Time: 36 mins "This compilation of previously released material shows that the World Trade Center buildings (Twin Towers and Building 7) were brought down by controlled demolition. What will you do about it?" 9/11 Coincidence Theory - 1hr 48 mins "This is a comprehensive introduction to the body of information and evidence refuting the official narrative of the events of September 11, 2001. This presentation covers the building collapses and various "official explanations" and revisions, the air defenses, the history and nature of Al Qaeda and the individuals who had manifest and stated motive to carry out the attacks. If you are completely new to 9/11 "alternative theories" or just curious about why so many people question the official account, this is a good place to start. This presentation is not sexy or flashy but the information is meticulously presented and cited in detail." Painful Deceptions - 1hr 23 mins "Counter-enquiry about 9/11" 911 & The American empire - 2hr 04 mins "Video from kpfa.org sponsored event, '9/11 & American Empire - Intellectuals Speak Out'" 9/11 A Closer Look - 54 mins "A Whistleblower examines the Official Conspiracy Theory (OCT) of 9/11 and why it is critical to assess and evaluate its validity. Recorded on 15th March 2006" 911 The Explosive Reality - 1hr 58 mins "Compelling compilation of tons of rare and partly unseen news footage of 9/11." TAKE BACK 911 - 1hr 44mins "A remix-omentary consisting of interviews, news footage, eyewitness accounts, political angles, and expert analysis of the events occuring before, during, and after 911. A compelling film which has been reviewed as both frightening and mesmerizing. This is a must see film for every American." How did the towers fall? - 1hr 26mins We should'nt need to ask these questions, we should know the truth. This film highlights the strong possibility that the Twin Towers and Building
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وزیر امور خارجه مصر در دوره ریاست جمهوری حسنی مبارک گفت: مبارک برای دیدار با خاتمی شخصا به هتل محل اقامت او رفت. به گزارش سرویس سیاسی طنین ولایت ؛ او که در برنامه ''الحدث المصری'' تلویزیون ''العربیه الحدث" سخن می گفت، خاطرنشان کرد که روابط مصر و ایران، از جمله مواردی است که طی چند سال اخیر روی آن کار می شد. او گفته است که سازمان دیپلماتیک مصر به بسیج کشورهای اسلامی و عربی برای نقش منطقه ای بزرگتر ایمان دارد. ابو الغیط اظهار داشته است که او برای تشکیل جبهه ای با حضور ترکیه، ایران و مصر علاوه بر بهبود روابط مصر با جهان عرب تلاش می کرد. او تاکید کرد که ترکیه و ایران از قدرت های بزرگ در منطقه هستند که روی آن ها حساب نمی شد. او تاکید کرد که نظر محمد البرادعی سیاستمدار مصری را مبنی بر از سرگیری روابط با ایران به حسنی مبارک منتقل کرده بود. بنا بر سخنان ابو الغیط، البرادعی پیشنهاد اعزام فرستاده ای کهنه کار به ایران داده بود تا مساله از سرگیری روابط میان دو کشور بحث شود. او گفت که به پیشنهاد البرادعی توجه شد و مصطفی الفقی به عنوان فرستاده مقبول به ایران با توجه به تجربه سیاسی اش انتخاب شد. نگرانی مبارک از انتشار تشیع در مصر او خاطرنشان کرد که مبارک با ایران مشکل داشت و این مشکل بعدی امنیتی داشت چرا که از تشیع و گسترش آن در مصر بیم داشت. ابو الغیط افزود که ایران بارها خواهان برقراری روابط گردشگری با ایران بود اما دستگاه های امنیتی مصری نمی پذیرفتند چرا که بیم آن داشتند که مبلغانی برای مذهب تشیع در میان گردشگران به مصر اعزام شوند. او گفت که مبارک به خاطر ترس از پیامدها، در یکی از نشست ها با احمدی نژاد دیدار نکرد. به گفته او هنگامی که به مبارک پیشنهاد دیدار با احمدی نژاد در یکی از نشست های سران کشورهای اسلامی داده شد، او استقبال نکرد و برای جلوگیری از هرگونه دیداری ناخواسته، می خواست به نشست نرود، پس از آن دیر به جلسه رفت و بلافاصله پس از پایان جلسه آن را ترک کرد. او خاطرنشان کرد که روابط مصر و ایران پس از آن که شاه اسبق ایران در سال ۱۹۸۰ به مصر رفت، به طور کامل قطع شد و این وضعیت تا سال ۱۹۸۳ ادامه داشت. اما پس از آن گفت و گوها میان سفرای مصری با همتایان ایرانی شان آغاز شد. خاتمی بسیار معتدل است وزیر امورخارجه اسبق مصر گفت که محمد خاتمی رئیس جمهور اسبق ایران بسیار معتدل است. به گفته او، خاتمی پس از پایان دوره ریاست جمهوری اش با مبارک دیدار کرد و این دیدار تاثیر مثبتی بر مبارک گذاشت. او حتی گفت که مبارک برای دیدار با خاتمی شخصا به هتل محل اقامت او رفت. ابو الغیط افزود که در این دیدار مبارک از راه خاتمی به احمدی نژاد پیام داد که برنامه اتمی ایران می تواند باعث مشکلات احتمالی با اروپا و جهان خارج شود. او ادامه داد که این دیدار تاثیر بسیار مثبتی در نزدیکی روابط و نزدیک شدن دیدگاه ها در بسیاری از مسائل داشت. او خاطرنشان کرده که افزایش دشمنی های غرب با ایران با افزایش فعالیت های اتمی این کشور همراه شد و تهران در معرض تهدید تحریم ها قرار گرفت. به گفته او مصر آن دوره نمی خواست با موضع غرب همراه شود و با ارائه پرونده ایران به شورای امنیت سازمان ملل متحد مخالف بود. ابو الغیط افزود که طرف های آمریکایی و غربی از مصر خواستند که در کنار آنها علیه ایران بایستد و این گونه بود که مصر به ارسال پرونده ایران به شورای امنیت رای داد زیرا فعالیت های اتمی محرمانه ای کشف شد که می توانست به فعالیت های اتمی اسرائیل بدون این که در معرض تحریمی قرار بگیرد، کمک کند. او گفت که مصر در همه کشورهای اسلامی و شمال آفریقا سفارتخانه دارد و فعالیت های ایران در گسترش مذهب تشییع و تاسیس مراکز اسلامی برای تبلیغ اندیشه ایرانی شیعی را زیر نظر گرفته است. مصر کشور الازهر است او خاطرنشان کرد که مصر کشور الازهر است و برای حفاظت از اسلام در آن کشورها تلاش می کند. او افزود که برخی کشورهای غربی برای تبشیر مسیحیت در این کشورها تلاش می کنند و مصر در این میان باید میان تبشیر مسیحیت و تبلیغ تشیع برای نگهبانی از حمیت اسلامی برپایه برنامه الازهر تلاش می کرد. ابو الغیط ادامه داده است که مصر و ایران در چند سال گذشته اقدام به اعزام هیئت هایی به کشورهای یکدیگر کردند که برجسته ترین آن ها سال ۲۰۰۷ بود چرا که تمایلی برای از سرگیری روابط وجود دارد. او یکی از موانعی را که در دیدارها مورد بحث قرار می گرفت، نام خیابان خالد اسلامبولی قاتل انور سادات رئیس جمهور اسبق مصر دانست که قاهره خواهان تغییر آن بود. او خاطرنشان کرد که مصر از ایران خواست کسانی که دست به اقدام های تروریستی زده اند و در خاک ایران زندگی می کنند را اخراج کند اما تهران همواره پاسخ می داد که نخست باید روابط از سر گرفته شود و پس از آن مسائل امنیتی به بحث گذاشته شود. ایران خواهان آزادی گروه ترور پادشاه سعودی شد وزیر امور خارجه اسبق مصر گفت که ایران خواستار آزادی افرادی شد که به تلاش برای ترور ملک عبد الله بن عبد العزیز پادشاه سعودی دستگیر شده بودند. این افراد را معمر قذافی رهبر پیشین لیبی اجیر کرده بود. او تاکید کرد حوادث متعددی همچون حادثه ربودن ایهاب شریف سفیر مصر در بغداد و قتل او در سال ۲۰۰۵ وحود دارد. او گفت که اطلاعات درباره این حادثه و عاملان آن تا کنون مبهم است. ابو الغیط اظهار داشت که شامگاه پیش از روز قتل شریف در بغداد، جشن نیروهای مسلح برگزار شده بود و او در آن با عمر سلیمان رئیس وقت سازمان اطلاعات مصر دیدار و گفت و گو کرد. در این دیدار سلیمان گفت که نیروهای آمریکایی محل نگهداری ایهاب شریف در بغداد را یافته اند و خواستار اجازه برای دخالت و آزادی او هستند . او افزود که در آن هنگام بیم داشت که حمله نیروهای آمریکا به محل نگهداری شریف ممکن است به کشته شدن او و همراهانش بینجامد چرا که چندی پیش از آن یک دیپلمات دیگر ربوده شده بود که در مقابل پرداخت پول آزاد شده بود. اما ربایندگان شریف پول نخواستند و برای همین با دخالت آمریکایی ها برای آزادیش موافقت کرد. او گفت که ایران خواهان حضور آمریکا در عراق برای مدت زمان بیشتری بود زیرا این مساله به نفوذ ایران در عراق کمک می کرد. منبع: العربیه An impaired sense of smell may be linked to the development of amnestic mild cognitive impairment and the progression to Alzheimer’s disease dementia, according to research published in JAMA Neurology. Previous research has suggested an association between loss of sense of smell and cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia, so Rosebud Roberts, MB, ChB, from the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota and colleagues aimed to replicate these findings in a large study. They also sought to more closely examine the relationship between impairment of smell with the risk of MCI and specific MCI subtypes, as well as the progression to either AD or non-AD dementia. The researchers examined 1,430 participants (49.4% men) between 2004 and 2010 with a mean (SD) age of 79.5 (5.3) years who had normal cognition. They were clinically evaluated at baseline and every 15 months through 2014 as either having normal cognition, amnestic MCI, nonamnestic MCI, or dementia. To assess their sense of smell, the researchers administered the Brief Smell Identification Test (B-SIT). Participants identified 6 food smells (banana, chocolate, cinnamon, lemon, onion, and pineapple) and 6 non-food smells (gasoline, paint thinner, rose, soap, smoke, and turpentine.) Over an average follow-up of 3.5 years, there were 250 new cases of MCI among the 1,430 participants. The researchers found an association between decreasing ability to identify smells and an increased risk of amnestic MCI. Compared with the best B-SIT scores (quartile [Q]4), the lower scores had increasing hazard ratios (95% CI): Q3 had a hazard ratio of 1.12 (0.65-1.92) (P = .68), Q2 had a hazard ratio of 1.95 (1.25-3.03) (P = .003), and Q1 had a hazard ratio of 2.18 (1.36-3.51) (P = .001). There was no association between smell scores and nonamnestic MCI. There were also 64 new cases of dementia among 221 MCI cases. The researchers found a significant association between worsening smell scores and progression to AD dementia. Compared with Q4, Q3 had a hazard ratio of 3.02 (1.06-8.57) (P = .04), Q2 had a hazard ratio of 3.63 (1.19-11.10) (P = .02) and Q1 had a hazard ratio of 5.20 (1.90-14.20) (P = .001). These results “suggest that impaired olfaction is associated with worse cognitive performance among cognitively normal individuals, and predicts decline in cognitive performance in nearly all cognitive domains. The greater declines in memory, executive function, and language suggest that brain regions that mediate performance in these domains may be involved early in the disease process,” the authors write. The researchers note that because the B-SIT test is easily administered, does not require administration or interpretation by trained personnel, is non-invasive, and is relatively inexpensive, it may be beneficial for screening cognitively normal patients and patients with CMI to identify those who might benefit from early interventions to modulate the risk of progression. 时间:2022-10-09 17:46:11 | 浏览:365 【新智元导读】Github上超过2.7万星标:最全算法及Python实现。该项目的算法包括排序、搜索等经典算法,描述较为详细,对算法原理本身、应用场景以及实现过程的可视化等。 我们讨论机器学习的时候,其实很多时候都是在讨论算法。今天新智元向大家推荐一个好资源,用Python实现所有算法。该项目在Github上已经获得了超过2.7万星标,可以说非常受欢迎了。 该项目主要包括两方面内容:算法的基本原理讲解,以及Python代码实现,并给出了算法实现过程的动图,非常直观易懂。项目地址: https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python 冒泡算法 冒泡排序,有时也称为下沉排序,是一种简单的排序算法,它反复遍历要排序的列表,比较每对相邻的项目,如果它们的顺序错误则交换它们。重复传递列表,直到不需要交换,这表明列表已排序。 代码实现: https://www.toptal.com/developers/sorting-algorithms/bubble-sort 桶排序算法 桶排序(Bucket sort)或所谓的箱排序,是一个排序算法,工作的原理是将数组分到有限数量的桶里。每个桶再个别排序(有可能再使用别的排序算法或是以递归方式继续使用桶排序进行排序)。桶排序是巢排序的一种归纳结果。 鸡尾酒排序算法 鸡尾酒排序,也叫双向冒泡排序(Bidirectional Bubble Sort)等。这是冒泡排序的一种变体。不同之处在于,冒泡排序是从低到高比较序列里的每个元素,而鸡尾酒排序从两个方向(低到高、高到低)来回排序,效率更高。 代码实现: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocktail_shaker_sort 插入排序 插入排序(英语:Insertion Sort)是一种简单直观的排序算法。它的工作原理是通过构建有序序列,对于未排序数据,在已排序序列中从后向前扫描,找到相应位置并插入。插入排序在实现上,通常采用in-place排序,因而在从后向前扫描过程中,需要反复把已排序元素逐步向后挪位,为最新元素提供插入空间。 代码实现: https://www.toptal.com/developers/sorting-algorithms/insertion-sort 归并排序 归并排序(英语:Merge sort,或mergesort),是创建在归并操作上的一种有效的排序算法,。1945年由约翰·冯·诺伊曼首次提出。该算法是采用分治法(Divide and Conquer)的一个非常典型的应用,且各层分治递归可以同时进行。 代码实现: https://www.toptal.com/developers/sorting-algorithms/merge-sort 快速排序 快速排序(英语:Quicksort),又称划分交换排序(partition-exchange sort),简称快排,一种排序算法,最早由东尼·霍尔提出,用作按顺序放置数组元素的系统方法。 代码实现: https://www.toptal.com/developers/sorting-algorithms/quick-sort 堆排序 堆排序(英语:Heapsort)是指利用堆这种数据结构所设计的一种排序算法。堆是一个近似完全二叉树的结构,并同时满足堆积的性质:即子节点的键值或索引总是小于(或者大于)它的父节点。 代码实现: https://www.toptal.com/developers/sorting-algorithms/heap-sort 基数排序 基数排序(英语:Radix sort)是一种非比较型整数排序算法,其原理是将整数按位数切割成不同的数字,然后按每个位数分别比较。由于整数也可以表达字符串(比如名字或日期)和特定格式的浮点数,所以基数排序也不是只能使用于整数。基数排序的发明可以追到1887年赫尔曼·何乐礼在打孔卡片制表机(Tabulation Machine)上的贡献。 选择排序 选择排序(Selection sort)是一种简单直观的排序算法。它的工作原理如下。首先在未排序序列中找到最小(大)元素,存放到排序序列的起始位置,然后,再从剩余未排序元素中继续寻找最小(大)元素,然后放到已排序序列的末尾。以此类推,直到所有元素均排序完毕。 代码实现: https://www.toptal.com/developers/sorting-algorithms/selection-sort 希尔排序 希尔排序,也称递减增量排序算法,是插入排序的一种更高效的改进版本。希尔排序是非稳定排序算法。希尔排序是基于插入排序的以下两点性质而提出改进方法的: 插入排序在对几乎已经排好序的数据操作时,效率高,即可以达到线性排序的效率 但插入排序一般来说是低效的,因为插入排序每次只能将数据移动一位 代码实现: https://www.toptal.com/developers/sorting-algorithms/shell-sort 拓扑排序 在计算机科学领域,有向图的拓扑排序是其顶点的线性排序,使得对于从顶点u到顶点v的每个有向边uv,u在排序中都在v之前。例如,图形的顶点可以表示要执行的任务,并且边可以表示一个任务必须在另一个任务之前执行的约束; 在这个应用中,拓扑排序只是一个有效的任务顺序。 如果且仅当图形没有定向循环,即如果它是有向无环图(DAG),则拓扑排序是可能的。任何DAG具有至少一个拓扑排序,并且已知这些算法用于在线性时间内构建任何DAG的拓扑排序。 线性搜索 线性搜索或顺序搜索是一种寻找某一特定值的搜索算法,指按一定的顺序检查数组中每一个元素,直到找到所要寻找的特定值为止。是最简单的一种搜索算法。 二分搜索算法 二分搜索(英语:binary search),也称折半搜索(英语:half-interval search),对数搜索(英语:logarithmic search),是一种在有序数组中查找某一特定元素的搜索算法。搜索过程从数组的中间元素开始,如果中间元素正好是要查找的元素,则搜索过程结束;如果某一特定元素大于或者小于中间元素,则在数组大于或小于中间元素的那一半中查找,而且跟开始一样从中间元素开始比较。如果在某一步骤数组为空,则代表找不到。这种搜索算法每一次比较都使搜索范围缩小一半。 插值搜索算法 插值查找(Interpolation Search)是根据要查找的关键字key与顺序表中最大、最小记录的关键字比较后的查找方法,它假设输入数组是线性增加的(这个假设的精确度会影响算法的效率,但不会影响算法的正确性)。 跳跃搜索算法 跳跃搜索算法(Jump Search)跟二分查找算法类似,它也是针对有序序列的查找,只是它是通过查找比较少的元素找到目标。当然它需要通过固定的跳跃间隔,这样它相比二分查找效率提高了很多。 快速选择 快速选择(英语:Quickselect)是一种从无序列表找到第k小元素的选择算法。它从原理上来说与快速排序有关。与快速排序一样都由托尼·霍尔提出的,因而也被称为霍尔选择算法。它在实际应用是一种高效的算法,具有很好的平均时间复杂度,然而最坏时间复杂度则不理想。快速选择及其变种是实际应用中最常使用的高效选择算法。与快速排序一样,快速选择一般是以原地算法的方式实现,除了选出第k小的元素,数据也得到了部分地排序。 禁忌搜索 禁忌搜索(Tabu Search,TS,又称禁忌搜寻法)是一种现代启发式算法,由美国科罗拉多大学教授Fred Glover在1986年左右提出的,
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e' a livelli europei. 2.Il 52% dei pensionati ha una pensione (trattamento) di carattere assistenziale, non tassabile, a carico della fiscalita' generale, vale a dire che queste persone non hanno pagato un euro per la pensione che percepiscono ne', quindi, le relative tasse. Secondo il centro studi Itinerari Previdenziali , il sistema pensionistico vale 280 miliardi di cui i due terzi sono pensioni e un terzo assistenza pura. 3. L'ammontare dei vitalizi dei parlamentari e dei consiglieri regionali e' di 388 milioni. Per abbassare il consistente debito pubblico del nostro Paese, ci si domanda dove reperire le risorse. Dove si prendono? Dove c'e' la sostanza, ovvio! Ci sono circa 100 miliardi di assistenza da cui attingere. Cosi' il testo legislativo del governo indicava la "razionalizzazione delle prestazioni di natura assistenziale...". Se la RAI facesse il servizio pubblico che dovrebbe fare, ci eviteremmo tante sceneggiate e fumo negli occhi. I problemi ci sono ma vanno affrontati con criterio e razionalita'. In World War II, Americans sought victory. President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill would accept nothing less than the unconditional surrender of the totalitarian regimes against which they fought. A few years later in Korea, the U.S. did accept less – an armistice. President Eisenhower preserved the independence of the southern half of the Korean Peninsula, but the north was left in the hands of totalitarian extremists who, more than 50 years later, continue to oppress the people of that land and to threaten Americans. The War in Vietnam ended without victory and without even a real truce. It ended with the defeat of the United States. Still, in retrospect, Vietnam can be seen as one battle in the long, global conflict against Communist totalitarianism. And in the final years of the 20th century, the Cold War ended when American pressure, and Communism's own internal contradictions, brought down the Soviet empire. Today, amid all the rhetoric and posturing, we are really debating whether to fight for victory, accept a stalemate, or resign ourselves to defeat in Iraq and in the wider war against Jihadi terrorism and totalitarianism. To be sure, some people separate Iraq from the broader conflict. They argue that there is no proof Saddam Hussein was involved with the many acts of terrorism carried out against Americans between the first attack on the World Trade Center in 1993 and the second in 2001 (though evidence suggests he may have been). They argue that Saddam had no ties to al Qaeda (more precisely, the extent and nature of Saddam's ties to al Qaeda remain sketchy). Whatever the truth, this fact is now certain: Saddam loyalists in Iraq have made common cause with international Jihadi leaders. Would this alliance have come about had President Bush not toppled Saddam? Or did the President make a country that was not a terrorist threat into one that now is? The answer can be determined by examining the background of the leader of the foreign Jihadis in Iraq: Abu Musab al-Zarkawi, the terrorist who beheaded American Nicholas Berg. Once a commander of the anti-American forces in Afghanistan, Zarkawi lost a leg in battle with U.S. forces in March 2002. He fled to Iraq where Saddam provided him with medical treatment, including an artificial limb -- not a favor Saddam did for just anybody. A few months later, Zarkawi was back at work. In October 2002, he organized the assassination of American diplomat Lawrence Foley in Amman. Zarkawi remained in Iraq, assisting terrorists at a remote camp run by Ansar al-Islam, a group closely associated with al-Qaeda. Terrorists trained at the camp have been arrested in Britain, France, Georgia and Chechnya. Zarkawi is among the most dangerous terrorists in the world today – he is a specialist in chemical and biological weapons of mass destruction. He was reputedly the mastermind of a series of suicide bombings in Casablanca in May 2003, the bombing of Turkish synagogues in November 2003, the attacks against Sh'ia worshippers in Baghdad and Karbala in March of this year (he hates Shi'a at least as much as he hates Kurds, Jews and Christians), and the Madrid train bombings that same month. He claimed responsibility for an abortive chemical weapons attack against Jordan's secret service headquarters last month (the tons of chemicals may have come from Syria or Iraq) and he's been implicated in a plot to bomb the upcoming NATO summit in Istanbul in June. Earlier this year, Kurdish intelligence intercepted a letter sent by Zarkawi to bin Laden. In it, Zarkawi outlined his plan to foil the American-led Coalition's mission by filling Iraq with “the perfume of fragrant blood spilled on behalf of God.” Knowing all this, it is no longer possible to seriously argue that Iraq, under Saddam, was not a base for international terrorism; nor is it possible to seriously argue that fighting Zarkawi in Iraq is not part of the global War on Terrorism. The most you could say is that perhaps, as with Vietnam, an American defeat in Iraq would merely mean a battle lost in a war still to be won. But that's doubtful. Even at his worst, Ho Chi Minh never intended to follow Americans home and murder their children. Zarkawi means to do exactly that -- as do all Islamist totalitarian terrorists. No, if Americans lose the will to fight in Iraq it is probable that we will not have the determination to prevail in the wider war. That, too, would follow a pattern. In recent decades, Jihadi terrorists have repeatedly forced the U.S. to retreat – for example, from Beirut in 1983 and from Somalia in 1993. Those retreats convinced people like Saddam, bin Laden and Zarkawi that America is like the World Trade Towers – it may look tall and strong but hit it hard and it will collapse. Americans, Zarkawi wrote to bin Ladin, “are the most cowardly of God's creatures. They are an easy quarry, praise be to God. We ask God to enable us to kill and capture them to sow panic among those behind them.” Whether you were for or against the decision to topple Saddam a year ago, imagine the consequences were the U.S. to withdraw before defeating Zarkawi, were the U.S. to retreat once again, to abandon the Iraqis – or leave it to the “international community” to defend them from the international terrorists in their midst. You can bet Zarkawi and bin Laden are imagining precisely that. Did you know that our Anna’s hummingbird, native to the west coat of North America, was named for Anna Massena, Duchess of Rivoli?* Anna was the first lady in waiting to Empress Eugenie of France for most of the 1800’s. In the early 20th century, the Anna’s hummingbirds only bred in the regions of Baja and Southern California, but due to the introduction of exotic ornamentals throughout the world, their range has expanded. Some birds have been seen as far east as Newfoundland. The Anna’s hummingbird population is a Species of Least Concern, but that doesn’t mean you should take a sighting of these precious birds for granted. The Audubon Society has scientific models that indicate climate change will cause the habitat these birds rely upon will “shrink or move or both.”** You can make a difference by providing habitat for them in your own backyard. **Hummingbirds and Climate Change, Napa-Audubon Society 4 Days Until Napa Valley Open Studios! In hospitals, nutrition may confer with the food requirements of patients, together with nutritional options delivered through an IV (intravenous) or IG (intragastric) tube. On the ultimate page we discuss foods that protect towards cancer and different ailments and nutrition in medical education. Nutrition is the study of nutrients in food, how the physique makes use of nutrients, and the relationship between weight-reduction plan, well being and illness. Improving nutrition and addressing dietary deficiencies requires modifications throughout the complete food chain—from how meals is produced to how it is bought and consumed. Other factors which will cause actual nutritional values to differ embrace variations in serving sizes, preparation techniques, ingredient substitutions and adjustments in provide sources. Supporting frontline well being and social care employees with important instruments enabling individuals to judge and improve their competence to use nutrition safely and competently in their practice. Use of Clearance Methods to Quantify Kidney Function The rates at which different substances are “cleared” from the plasma provide a useful way of quantitating the effectiveness with which the kidneys excrete various substances (Table 27–4). By definition, therenal clearance of a substance is the volume of plasma that is completely cleared of the substance by the kidneys per unit time. This concept is somewhatabstract because there is no single volume of plasma that is completely cleared of a substance. However, renal clearance provides a useful way of quantifying the excretory function of the kidneys and, as discussed later, can be used to quantify the rate at which blood flows through the kidneys as well as the basic functions of the kidneys: glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorp-tion, and tubular secretion. To illustrate the clearance principle, consider the fol-lowing example: If the plasma passing through the kidneys contains 1 milligram of a substance in each mil-liliter and if 1 milligram of this substance is also excreted into the urine each minute, then 1 ml/min of the plasma is “cleared” of the substance. Thus, clearance refers to the volume of plasma that would be necessary to supply the amount of substance excreted in the urine per unit time. Stated mathematically, Cs x Ps = Us x V, where Cs is the clearance rate of a substance s, Ps is the plasma concentration of the substance, Us is the urine concentration of that substance, and V is the urine flow rate. Rearranging this equation, clearance can be expressed as Thus, renal clearance of a substance is calculated from the urinary excretion rate (Us x V) of that substance divided by its plasma concentration. If a substance is freely filtered (filtered as freely as water) and is not reabsorbed or secreted by the renal tubules, then the rate at which that substance is excreted in the urine (Us x V) is equal to the filtration rate of the substance by the kidneys (GFR x Ps). Thus, GFR x Ps = Us x V The GFR, therefore, can be calculated as the clearance of the substance as follows: A substance that fits these criteria is inulin, a polysac-charide molecule with a molecular weight of about 5200. Inulin, which is not produced in the body, is found in the roots of certain plants and must be administered intravenously to a patient to measure GFR. Figure 27–17 shows the renal handling of inulin. In this example, the plasma concentration is 1 mg/ml, urine concentration is 125 mg/ml, and urine flow rate is 1 ml/ min. Therefore, 125 mg/min of inulin passes into the urine. Then, inulin clearance is calculated as the urine excretion rate of inulin divided by the plasma concen-tration, which yields a value of 125 ml/min. Thus, 125 milliliters of plasma flowing through the kidneys must be filtered to deliver the inulin that appears in the urine. Inulin is not the only substance that can be used for determining GFR. Other substances that have been used clinically to estimate GFR include radioactiveiothalamate and creatinine. Creatinine is a by-product of muscle metabolism and is cleared from the body fluids almost entirely by glomeru-lar filtration. Therefore, the clearance of creatinine can also be used to assess GFR. Because measurement of creatinine clearance does not require intravenous infu-sion into the patient, this method is much more widely used than inulin clearance for estimating GFR clinically. However, creatinine clearance is not a perfect marker of GFR because a small amount of it is secreted by the tubules, so that the amount of creatinine excreted slightly exceeds the amount filtered. There is normally a slight error in measuring plasma creatinine that leads to an overestimate of the plasma creatinine concentration, and fortuitously, these two errors tend to vides a reasonable estimate of GFR. In some cases, it may not be practical to collect urine in a patient for measuring creatinine clearance (CCr). An obtained by simply measuring plasma creatinine con- centration (PCr), which is inversely proportional to GFR: If GFR suddenly decreases by 50%, the kidneys will transiently filter and excrete only half as much creati-nine, causing accumulation of creatinine in the body fluids and raising plasma concentration. Plasma con-centration of creatinine will continue to rise until the fil-tered load of creatinine (PCr x GFR) and creatinine excretion (UCr x V) return to normal and a balance between creatinine production and creatinine excretion is reestablished. This will occur when plasma creatinine increases to approximately twice normal, as shown in Figure 27–18. If GFR falls to one-fourth normal, plasma creatinine would increase to about 4 times normal, and a decrease of GFR to one-eighth normal would raise plasma creatinine to 8 times normal. Thus, under steady-state conditions, the creatinine excretion rate equals the rate of creatinine production, despite reductions in GFR. However, this normal rate of creatinine excretion occurs at the expense of elevated plasma creatinine con-centration, as shown in Figure 27–19. Theoretically, if a substance is completely cleared from the plasma, the clearance rate of that substance is equal to the total renal plasma flow. In other words, the amount of the substance delivered to the kidneys in the blood (renal plasma flow x Ps) would be equal to the amount excreted in the urine (Us x V). Thus, renal plasma flow (RPF) could be calculated as Because the GFR is only about 20 per cent of the total plasma flow, a substance that is completely cleared from the plasma must be excreted by tubular secretion as well as glomerular filtration (Figure 27–20). There is no known substance that is completely cleared by the kidneys. One substance, however, PAH, is about 90 per cent cleared from the plasma. Therefore, the clearance of PAH can be used as an approximation of renal plasma flow. To be more accurate, one can correct for the percentage of PAH that is still in the blood when it leaves the kidneys. The percentage of PAH removed from the blood is known as the extraction ratio of PAH and averages about 90 per cent in normal kidneys. In diseased kidneys, this extraction ratio may be reduced because of inability of damaged tubules to secrete PAH into the tubular fluid. The calculation of RPF can be demonstrated by the following example: Assume that the plasma concentra-tion of PAH is 0.01 mg/ml, urine concentration is 5.85 mg/ml, and urine flow rate is 1 ml/min. PAH clearance can be calculated from the rate of urinary PAH excre-tion (5.85 mg/ml x 1 ml/min) divided by the plasma PAH concentration (0.01 mg/ml). Thus, clearance of PAH cal-culates to be 585 ml/min. If the extraction ratio for PAH is 90 per cent, the actual renal plasma flow can be calculated by dividing 585 ml/min by 0.9, yielding a value of 650 ml/min. Thus, total renal plasma flow can be calculated as Total renal plasma flow = Clearance of PAH/Extraction ratio of PAH The extraction ratio (EPAH) is calculated as the dif-ference between the renal arterial PAH (PPAH) and renal venous PAH (VPAH) concentrations, divided by the renal arterial PAH concentration: One can calculate the total blood flow through the kidneys from the total renal plasma flow and hematocrit (the percentage of red blood cells in the blood). If the hematocrit is 0.45 and the total renal plasma flow is 650 ml/min, the total blood flow through both kidneys is 650/(1 - 0.45), or 1182 ml/min. To calculate the filtration fraction, which is the fraction of plasma that filters through the glomerular mem-brane, one must first know the renal plasma flow (PAH clearance) and the GFR (inulin clearance). If renal plasma flow is 650 ml/min and GFR is 125 ml/min, the filtration fraction (FF) is calculated as FF = GFR/RPF = 125/650 = 0.19 If the rates of glomerular filtration and renal excretion of a substance are known, one can calculate whether there is a net reabsorption or a net secretion of that sub-stance by the renal tubules. For example, if the rate of excretion of the substance (Us x V) is less than the fil-tered load of the substance (GFR x Ps), then some of the substance must have been reabsorbed from the renal tubules. Conversely, if the excretion rate of the substance is greater than its filtered load, then the rate at which it appears in the urine represents the sum of the rate of glomerular filtration plus tubular secretion. The following example demonstrates the calculation of tubular reabsorption. Assume the following labora-tory values for a patient were obtained: Urine flow rate = 1 ml/min Urine concentration of sodium (UNa) = 70 mEq/L = 70 mEq/ml Plasma sodium concentration = 140 mEq/L = 140 mEq/ml GFR (inulin clearance) = 100 ml/min In this example, the filtered sodium load is GFR x PNa, or 100 ml/min x 140 mEq/ml = 14,000 mEq/min. Urinary sodium excretion (UNa x urine flow rate) is 70 mEq/min. Therefore, tubular reab
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2-3列出了明清两代士子的家庭背景。 科举制度向所有人打开了大门,任何人都可以向政府注册要求参加考试。但在唐初,对于参加科举考试唯一的限制是,考生不能是工商子弟,因为工商只考虑个人盈利,而科举的目的是选拔为国家和人民服务的公务员。不久,由于商人的强烈反对,工商子弟也被允许参加考试。 科举制度在宋代经过改革,更为严密。为防止作弊,保证考试的匿名性,试卷上的考生姓名被覆盖掉,取而代之的是编号。考试成绩成为成功与否的唯一标准,多么有名望的考生也可能通不过。自然,这项制度有一个必然的缺陷,那就是如果阅卷官员有眼无珠,最具天份的人才也会被埋没终生。 明朝以前,一个人只需要考取一个学位。明朝对科举制度作了一些修改。由于报名和参加考试的考生人数大增,需要建立一个分级的科举制度。三个级别的考试分别用来授予三种学位:秀才,举人,进士。 考秀才和举人主要考家经典,考进士则主要考有关中国的经济、历史、地理、和军事的策论。大多数考生一辈子只考秀才、举人,以至于在明清两代,出了大量的注释经典的考试辅导材料以供考生背。而八股文以只重形式不重思想著称。死记硬背和写八股文妨碍了真正的学习和做学问,造就了一批保守刻板而不会创造性思考的人。 1840年以后,清朝改革科举。为了对付列强入侵,讨论中国和世界经济政治的策论逐渐取代了死记硬背经典的考题。加之,新式学校的毕业生也可以作为公务员候选人,各级公立学校也逐步增加录取人数。 这些改革使得中国的新式学校面临合格教师短缺的问题。尽管可以请外教,派学生去海外留学毕竟更经济、更容易,特别是去日本。1895年以后不到十年,超过五万中国学生留学日本。 1904年,一个新的教育制度在日本模式的基础上建立起来。它包括初小、高小、初中、高中、大学、科学院。有三种新的学位对应大学、高中和小学学历,大致相当于科举制度下的三种学位。这样就使新式学校的毕业生有资格成为正式的公务员候选人。 按照计划,1906年以后,当新式学校能输送足够数量的毕业生取代科举的时候,科举考试就会被逐渐废止。然而,1905年9月,当日本战胜俄国已成定局,中国政府当即决定提前废科举。就这样,持续了一千三百年的科举制度停止了。 从公元960年到1905年,中国共有108672名进士。其中,宋朝39711人,元朝1136人,明朝24594人,清朝26747人(Elman,2000,647)。在一千多年里,中国权力精英来自于科举制度。与任何其它前工业社会的统治阶级相比,中国权力精英具有最高的教育水平。 第四节 1912年以前的公务员制度 在先秦封建时代,政府官位由贵族世袭。秦汉结束了封建时代,从此政府官职不再世袭。皇帝是国家元首,象征国家;日常行政管理则由一个政府来实施,这个政府通常有一个类似宰相的首脑。 秦始皇统一中国之前大约一百五十年,秦国就分成三十一个县,县令由秦王亲自任命。有行政法律规定中央政府与县级政府的结构和功能,还有其它法律用以维持社会的秩序。“法家”这个名称就来自于钻研、制定各种法律的人。 公元前221年秦统一,家学者主张恢复周朝封建制,法家官员主张推广秦国郡县制。始皇帝采纳法家的意见,实行郡县制,将中国分成四十个郡和二百多个县。以行政法律规定了中央政府、郡政府、县政府的结构和功能。秦律,包括行政法,为历朝历代所效法。从秦到清,尽管每个朝代都有所损益,行政法律的主要功能和内容没有大的改变。各级主官,从督抚到县令,都由中央政府任命。 汉初,家学者认为秦朝的短命(15年)是由于没有恢复周朝封建制度。汉高祖刘邦于是向家妥协,在西部建立十四个郡,在东部分封十个诸侯国。结果,正如法家预言,诸侯国越富有越强大,就越想独立于中央。汉朝花了半个世纪,通过血的武力平叛,才荡平诸侯国,恢复郡县制。 从汉末至1911年,中国的公务员制度的构成有三个角度。首先,公务员划分为十八级。第二,公务员也可按政府级别划分,分属于中央政府、省政府、州政府、和县政府。第三,公务员也可按文职、武官、和专业技术人员来划分。表2-4显示了这三个角度如何构成一个完整的统一体。直到今天,中国的干部制度还是这样一个三合一的统一体。 汉唐之间,是一场长达360年的内战。唐朝的政府结构变得更加正式和细致。在尚书令之下,中央政府设、户、礼、兵、刑、工六部。自唐代到1906年,这个六部制度在中国延续了一千三百年。 清朝只有不到三万公务员。进士的起点级别为正七品(见表2-4),得一份不够充裕的薪水(见表2-5)。但是,非法收入,主要是,远远超过合法收入。直到明、清,四品以下的官职可以买卖,但价钱通常是官职本身年收入的一千倍。 1906年,只有当日本在1895年打败中国、1905年打败俄国之后,清政府才终于决心改革维持了一千三百年的六部制度,并通过加入七个新的部门将其变成一个现代的政府结构。1906年,改革后的清朝中央政府结构如下: 1. 总理 2. 副总理 3. 副总理 4. 副总理 5. 外务大臣 6. 外务部 7. 民政部 8. 度支部 9. 陆军部 10. 学部 11. 法部 12. 海军部 13. 农工商部 14. Ministry of Territories 15. 邮传部(Hsieh, 1966, 366) 唐代以后,日本、朝鲜、越南和其他一些亚洲国家学习、采纳了中国的科举制度。二战以后,没有接受西方的强烈影响,这些国家和地区大都恢复和建立了全国统考。正如傅高义所指出,精英政府和全国统考是日本和亚洲四小龙迅速工业化的两个重要的制度性因素(Vogel, 1991)。 对于研究中国的学者来说是常识、而美国大众却一无所知的是,西方也学习和照搬了中国的公务员制度和科举制度。《2005年不列百科全书》直接指出: (中国的公务员制度是)传统中国政府的行政管理制度,其成员通过竞争性的考试选拔录用。中国的公务员制度造就了中华帝国两千多年的稳定局面,并为中国社会提供了社会流动的主要渠道。后来,它成为其他亚洲和西方国家发展公务员制度时模仿的典范。[vii] 整体而言,中国的公务员制度和科举制度是由利玛介绍到欧洲的。利玛在中国生活了27年,死于1610年。他的日记最初是用意大利语写的,并不打算发表。另一位神父将它翻译成了拉丁语,按照主题进行编辑,于1615年发表。很快,这本书就被翻译成了所有主要的欧洲语言。在马可波罗之后三百年,这本书向欧洲重新展现了中国。1953年,美国天主教当局将它从拉丁语翻译成美国英语,名为《十六世纪的中国:利玛日记1583-1610》[viii] 该书第一编第五章是“论中国的艺术、科学、学位”;利玛在这里将中国的进士、举人、秀才翻译成博士、硕士、学士(Ricci,1953/1615, 26-41)。第一编第六章是“中华帝国的行政管理制度”(同上,41-59)。这两章和全书令人难以置信地详细介绍了中国的科举制度和公务员制度。 英国直接照搬了中国的十八级公务员制度,随后将其带到北美殖民地。直到1978年,美国联邦政府公务员制度还在使用这个十八级制度。逐渐地,这套级别制度也在现代企业、现代大学、现代军队中发展和传播开来。现在,每个世界500强大企业都有一个这样的级别制度,级别的数目也还是在十八级上下。 西方也直接照搬了中国科举制度。1946年,加利福尼亚大学出版了著名的《中国》一书。这本书是美国关于中国的最权威的教科书长达十多年。它由哈里·法恩斯沃斯·麦克奈尔编撰,作者都是英语世界著名的中国研究学者。[ix]该书第三十章是“中国的科举制度与西方”。以下文字直接引自该章: 虽然最早的西方大学口试可以追到“1219年之后的时期”,但是,根据《新英语辞典》,“考试”一词直到1612年才有了“笔试”的意思。与考试有关的词汇,例如“考卷”和“考题与答案”,直到十九世纪才首次出现。多数研究者认为1702年标志着欧洲笔试制度的开始。1747年出现了数学学士学位;1802年出现了第一个为学士学位设立的真正的考试。在1791年法国大革命期间,法国采用了科举制度(公务员考试制度);德国于1800年左右、英属印度于1855年采用了科举制度。英国于1870年把英属印度的科举制度应用到英国本土的各级政府(MacNair,442) ......二十多年后,各种期刊杂志还争相指责竞争性的科举考试是一种“照搬的中国文化”。( MacNair,450) 第五节 1949年以前的干部制度 中国现行的干部制度并不是新中国的创造发明,而是直接继承了中华民国的干部制度。1912年,慈太后死后不久,中华民国就取代了清王朝。孙中山和袁世凯任民国第一任和第二任大总统。袁就任不久就颁布法律规定了新的公务员等级制度。1914年袁在总统令中作了详细的规定。它将公务员大致分成三种等级,从高到低分别是:选任、荐任、委任,加上少数特任(见表2-7)。这个制度共有四等三十七级,只有最低的委任级别才利用考试选拔。1915年,在他死前,袁颁布了一项关于为中央机关和地方政府重开考试和培训制度的法规。 1915至1927年,中央政府继续存在:投递邮件,学校继续授予学位,继续偿还外国贷款,继续互换外交使节,有时甚至还会按照袁的规划举行国家公务员考试。1928年蒋介石上台后,基本继承了这套制度。 一个显著的变化是“干部”这个词汇的出现和使用。尽管中文里原本没有这个词,但在20世纪早期袁世凯死后被广泛使用。似乎和这个时期许多中文词汇一样,这个词来自日本。是日本人将法语词“Cadre”翻译成为“干部”。甚至到今天,它在中日两种语言中的写法都是一样的。孙中山、蒋介石、毛泽东都频繁地使用干部这个词,用它代替“官”。今天,在所有东亚国家语言中,干部这个词都用来表示政府官员、军官、国有或大型私有企业的管理人员、国有或大型私有事业单位的知识分子。 中华民国的官方意识形态是孙中山的三民主义和五权宪法。三民主义是民族主义、民主主义、民生主义。五权宪法是五个政府部门的五权分立。孙认为现代民主国家的有许多缺陷,原因是只有三权分立,因而必须加入另外两权。结果,从1928到1949年,中国的中央政府共有五个分支:行政院、立法院、司法院、考试院、监察院。至今,台湾还在实行这个五权宪法。总统在五院院长之上。行政院由中央政府各部组成,行政院长是实际上的总理。立法院是议会。司法院是最高法院。监察院对美国公众来说完全无法理解,它大致相当于美国的总检察长和总审计署。 考试院于1930年一月正式成立。按照法律规定,它是中华民国最高考试机关,所有的公务员必须通过考试才能被正式录用。那些通过高级公务员考试,当过三年以上委任公务员,或者参加革命七年及以上者,有荐任资格。通过普通公务员考试,参加革命五年及以上者,或高中毕业生,有委任资格(见表2-7)。 从1931年第一次高级公务员考试开始,考试院就计划隔年交替举行高等公务员考试和普通公务员考试。作为补充,不同部门另外要求专门考试。1931到1949年,这些考试分为三部分。第一部分考语文、逻辑、三民主义。第二部分考专业知识和技能,如管理、教育、金融、外交,第三部分是口试。除了后来添加的三民主义,这项制度和袁世凯原先拟定的基本相同。1936年,分科考试包括管理、教育、审计/会计、统计、司法管理。 1931年日本侵占东北,1937年开始侵略全中国。1945年日本投降后,从1945到1949年,国共打了一场内战。自然,1936年以后就没有对干部制度(公务员制度)的认真构建了。1949年以前的干部制度也十分有效地把文职、军官和专业技术人员三结合为一体。到1949年,大多数大学都是公立学校,所以教授们也被认为是干部系统中的一部分,和在国有企业的管理人员、工程师、其他知识分子一样。一些专业技术人员,例如军医和军队工程师被授予很高的军衔,例如有少将军医。1949年毛泽东建立新中国之际,全盘继承了这个干部制度。 [i] 李毅根据历史文献制表。 [ii]. See The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origin of Civilization to 221 B.C.Pages 54–55. [iii]See The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origin of Civilization to 221 B.C. “Chapter 8: The Spring and Autumn Period.” [iv] 中国的二号领导人, 1966—1971. [v] 中国的二号领导人, 1982—1986. [vi] The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 14, 186. [vii] “Chinese civil service.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 2005. Encyclopedia Britannica Online <http://search.eb.com/eb/article?tocld=9024152>. [viii] 这是一本六百多页的书。该书今天可以在大多数美国大学图书馆里找到。我个人认真查阅了这本书。 [ix]此书今天可以在大多数美国大学图书馆里找到。本书有两种版本:1946年版和1970年的重印版,两者完全一样。我个人认真查阅了这两个版本。 |【字体:大 中 小】【打印】【关闭】| |附 件:| Keyboarding for Individual Achievement – Hearing Impaired Edition allows a deaf student to acquire keyboarding skills using visual guidance, while upgrading language arts at every grade level. Twelve grade levels of spelling words with sentences for comprehension have been written by experts in this field to meet the specific learning style needs of the deaf student. Read More - Easily allows the student to focus only on the learned keys. - New keys are introduced as lessons progress. - An assortment of one, three and five minute speed tests are included by grade level. - Speed tests do not start until your first keystroke and automatically displays a fully graded report. - All programs are discreet and are not openly identified as being for the deaf. - An unlimited number of students may use the program. DEAF OR HARD OF HEARING: Deaf means a hearing impairment which is so severe that the student’s hearing is nonfunctional. Hard of hearing is an impairment which adversely affects a student’s educational performance, but which is less severe than total deafness. A deaf person usually starts hand or sign training early in life. By the time the student is a teenager, he or she can often communicate very well with people accustomed to sign language. However, when you meet this student in your classroom for the first time, there is likely to be a complete communication barrier unless you take a few helpful steps. WHAT THE TYPING TEACHER NEEDS TO KNOW ($99.95 Included Free with your order) This section from the original published book, Typing for the Physically Handicapped, is included with your order. If
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