Economies of Open Intelligence: Tracing Power & Participation in the Model Ecosystem
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2512.03073
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Reproducible Open-Source Machine Learning 🙌🏻
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christopher
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3949
After training 𝐒𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐋𝐌𝟑 on 𝟑𝟖𝟒 𝐇𝟏𝟎𝟎𝐬 for nearly a month, I've come to realize something most people overlook: 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐫𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐚𝐤𝐞-𝐨𝐫-𝐛𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐤 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐢𝐧 𝐋𝐋𝐌 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠. 🔥
Everyone talks about model architecture and data quality. And yes, those matter immensely. But here's what nobody tells you: when your training run fails at 2 AM because of mysterious 𝐍𝐂𝐂𝐋 𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫𝐬, or when your expensive GPU cluster is running at 𝟔𝟎% 𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲, the problem isn't your model. It's most probably a 𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐞. 🛠️
Questions that seemed simple but had no clear answers: Why is 𝐌𝐨𝐄 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐬? Which 𝐍𝐂𝐂𝐋 𝐟𝐥𝐚𝐠𝐬 should we actually set? How often should we checkpoint without killing throughput?
That's why we built 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐛𝐨𝐨𝐤 📖: a complete guide covering everything from model architecture and data curation to the SmolLM3 training marathon, post-training techniques, and crucially, the 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐫𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐞𝐫 that most teams get wrong.
We validated real vs theoretical bandwidth across the entire stack: 𝐇𝐁𝐌𝟑 𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟑 𝐓𝐁/𝐬, 𝐍𝐕𝐋𝐢𝐧𝐤 𝟒.𝟎 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟕𝟖𝟔 𝐆𝐁/𝐬, 𝐏𝐂𝐈𝐞 𝐆𝐞𝐧𝟒 𝐚𝐭 𝟏𝟒.𝟐 𝐆𝐁/𝐬. Then we ran collective operations across 𝟏𝟐𝟖 𝐆𝐏𝐔𝐬 (16 nodes, 8xH100s each) and measured how performance degrades at scale: all-reduce drops from 𝟒𝟖𝟎 𝐆𝐁/𝐬 on a single node to 𝟑𝟐𝟎-𝟑𝟓𝟎 𝐆𝐁/𝐬 across 16 nodes.
If you've ever wondered why your training runs are slower than they should be, or you're planning to scale up and want to avoid expensive mistakes, this guide might save you weeks of debugging.
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐛𝐨𝐨𝐤: https://lnkd.in/e5MKXUHS
Shared with ❤️ by the HuggingFace team
Everyone talks about model architecture and data quality. And yes, those matter immensely. But here's what nobody tells you: when your training run fails at 2 AM because of mysterious 𝐍𝐂𝐂𝐋 𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫𝐬, or when your expensive GPU cluster is running at 𝟔𝟎% 𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲, the problem isn't your model. It's most probably a 𝐦𝐢𝐬𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐞. 🛠️
Questions that seemed simple but had no clear answers: Why is 𝐌𝐨𝐄 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞 𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐬? Which 𝐍𝐂𝐂𝐋 𝐟𝐥𝐚𝐠𝐬 should we actually set? How often should we checkpoint without killing throughput?
That's why we built 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐛𝐨𝐨𝐤 📖: a complete guide covering everything from model architecture and data curation to the SmolLM3 training marathon, post-training techniques, and crucially, the 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐫𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐞𝐫 that most teams get wrong.
We validated real vs theoretical bandwidth across the entire stack: 𝐇𝐁𝐌𝟑 𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟑 𝐓𝐁/𝐬, 𝐍𝐕𝐋𝐢𝐧𝐤 𝟒.𝟎 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝟕𝟖𝟔 𝐆𝐁/𝐬, 𝐏𝐂𝐈𝐞 𝐆𝐞𝐧𝟒 𝐚𝐭 𝟏𝟒.𝟐 𝐆𝐁/𝐬. Then we ran collective operations across 𝟏𝟐𝟖 𝐆𝐏𝐔𝐬 (16 nodes, 8xH100s each) and measured how performance degrades at scale: all-reduce drops from 𝟒𝟖𝟎 𝐆𝐁/𝐬 on a single node to 𝟑𝟐𝟎-𝟑𝟓𝟎 𝐆𝐁/𝐬 across 16 nodes.
If you've ever wondered why your training runs are slower than they should be, or you're planning to scale up and want to avoid expensive mistakes, this guide might save you weeks of debugging.
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐦𝐨𝐥 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐛𝐨𝐨𝐤: https://lnkd.in/e5MKXUHS
Shared with ❤️ by the HuggingFace team
ariG23498
authored
a
paper
about 2 months ago
Post
6551
deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-OCR is out! 🔥 my take ⤵️
> pretty insane it can parse and re-render charts in HTML
> it uses CLIP and SAM features concatenated, so better grounding
> very efficient per vision tokens/performance ratio
> covers 100 languages
> pretty insane it can parse and re-render charts in HTML
> it uses CLIP and SAM features concatenated, so better grounding
> very efficient per vision tokens/performance ratio
> covers 100 languages
- 4 replies
christopher
authored
a
paper
about 2 months ago
vumichien
authored
2
papers
about 2 months ago
christopher
posted
an
update
2 months ago
osanseviero
authored
a
paper
2 months ago
Post
6705
large AI labs open-sourced a ton of models last week 🔥
here's few picks, find even more here merve/sep-16-releases-68d13ea4c547f02f95842f05 🤝
> IBM released a new Docling model with 258M params based on Granite (A2.0) 📝 ibm-granite/granite-docling-258M
> Xiaomi released 7B audio LM with base and instruct variants (MIT) XiaomiMiMo/mimo-audio-68cc7202692c27dae881cce0
> DecartAI released Lucy Edit, open Nano Banana 🍌 (NC) decart-ai/Lucy-Edit-Dev
> OpenGVLab released a family of agentic computer use models (3B/7B/32B) with the dataset 💻 OpenGVLab/scalecua-68c912cf56f7ff4c8e034003
> Meituan Longcat released thinking version of LongCat-Flash 💭 meituan-longcat/LongCat-Flash-Thinking
here's few picks, find even more here merve/sep-16-releases-68d13ea4c547f02f95842f05 🤝
> IBM released a new Docling model with 258M params based on Granite (A2.0) 📝 ibm-granite/granite-docling-258M
> Xiaomi released 7B audio LM with base and instruct variants (MIT) XiaomiMiMo/mimo-audio-68cc7202692c27dae881cce0
> DecartAI released Lucy Edit, open Nano Banana 🍌 (NC) decart-ai/Lucy-Edit-Dev
> OpenGVLab released a family of agentic computer use models (3B/7B/32B) with the dataset 💻 OpenGVLab/scalecua-68c912cf56f7ff4c8e034003
> Meituan Longcat released thinking version of LongCat-Flash 💭 meituan-longcat/LongCat-Flash-Thinking
- 2 replies
Post
3329
IBM just released small swiss army knife for the document models: granite-docling-258M on Hugging Face 🔥
> not only a document converter but also can do document question answering, understand multiple languages 🤯
> best part: released with Apache 2.0 license 👏 use it with your commercial projects!
> it supports transformers, vLLM and MLX from the get-go! 🤗
> built on SigLIP2 & granite-165M
model: ibm-granite/granite-docling-258M
demo: ibm-granite/granite-docling-258m-demo 💗
> not only a document converter but also can do document question answering, understand multiple languages 🤯
> best part: released with Apache 2.0 license 👏 use it with your commercial projects!
> it supports transformers, vLLM and MLX from the get-go! 🤗
> built on SigLIP2 & granite-165M
model: ibm-granite/granite-docling-258M
demo: ibm-granite/granite-docling-258m-demo 💗
Post
1166
a ton of image/video generation models and LLMs from big labs 🔥
> Meta released facebook/mobilellm-r1-68c4597b104fac45f28f448e, smol LLMs for on-device use 💬
> Tencent released tencent/SRPO, high res image generation model and tencent/POINTS-Reader, cutting edge OCR 📝
> ByteDance released bytedance-research/HuMo, video generation from any input ⏯️
find more models, datasets, demos here merve/sep-11-releases-68c7dbfa26bea8cd921fa0ac
> Meta released facebook/mobilellm-r1-68c4597b104fac45f28f448e, smol LLMs for on-device use 💬
> Tencent released tencent/SRPO, high res image generation model and tencent/POINTS-Reader, cutting edge OCR 📝
> ByteDance released bytedance-research/HuMo, video generation from any input ⏯️
find more models, datasets, demos here merve/sep-11-releases-68c7dbfa26bea8cd921fa0ac
Post
977
fan-favorite vision LM Florence-2 is now officially supported in transformers 🤗
find all the models in
florence-community
org 🫡
find all the models in
florence-community
org 🫡
Post
1221
New post is live!
This time we cover some major updates to
🤗
This time we cover some major updates to
transformers.🤗
-
- 1 reply
Post
1804
past week was great for open LLMs 🔥
merve/sep-1-releases-68bede0e729c12597eefd050
> Google released google/embeddinggemma-300m, new embedding model with 300M params
> new update to Kimi-K2 just landed moonshotai/Kimi-K2-Instruct-0905 😍
> OpenBMB released a new version to MiniCPM with 8B params openbmb/MiniCPM4.1-8B
also soooo many Qwen-Image & Kontext LoRAs dropped!
> Google released google/embeddinggemma-300m, new embedding model with 300M params
> new update to Kimi-K2 just landed moonshotai/Kimi-K2-Instruct-0905 😍
> OpenBMB released a new version to MiniCPM with 8B params openbmb/MiniCPM4.1-8B
also soooo many Qwen-Image & Kontext LoRAs dropped!
Post
3690
upgrade your transformers 🔥
it comes with insanely capable models like merve/sam2-66ac9deac6fca3bc5482fe30, microsoft/kosmos-2.5, and more 🫡
I built a notebook you can run with free Colab T4 to walk through the API for new models 🙋🏻♀️ merve/smol-vision
fine-tuning will follow-up soon!
it comes with insanely capable models like merve/sam2-66ac9deac6fca3bc5482fe30, microsoft/kosmos-2.5, and more 🫡
I built a notebook you can run with free Colab T4 to walk through the API for new models 🙋🏻♀️ merve/smol-vision
fine-tuning will follow-up soon!
Post
6280
large AI labs have dropped so many open models last week 🔥 don't miss out on them
→ Apple released on-device vision LMs apple/fastvlm-68ac97b9cd5cacefdd04872e & apple/mobileclip2-68ac947dcb035c54bcd20c47
→ OpenGVLab released InternVL3.5, 32 new vision LMs with one based on gpt-oss! (OS) OpenGVLab/internvl35-68ac87bd52ebe953485927fb
→ MSFT released a killer small TTS model (OS) microsoft/VibeVoice-1.5B
find more herehttps://huggingface.co/collections/merve/august-29-releases-68b5a3754cfb8abf59e2b486
→ Apple released on-device vision LMs apple/fastvlm-68ac97b9cd5cacefdd04872e & apple/mobileclip2-68ac947dcb035c54bcd20c47
→ OpenGVLab released InternVL3.5, 32 new vision LMs with one based on gpt-oss! (OS) OpenGVLab/internvl35-68ac87bd52ebe953485927fb
→ MSFT released a killer small TTS model (OS) microsoft/VibeVoice-1.5B
find more herehttps://huggingface.co/collections/merve/august-29-releases-68b5a3754cfb8abf59e2b486
- 1 reply
Post
6064
first vision language model built off
openai/gpt-oss-20b just dropped! 🔥
InternVL3.5 comes with 32 models 🤯 pre-trained, fine-tuned, aligned in various sizes OpenGVLab/internvl35-68ac87bd52ebe953485927fb
comes with gpt-oss or Qwen3 for LLM part ⤵️
InternVL3.5 comes with 32 models 🤯 pre-trained, fine-tuned, aligned in various sizes OpenGVLab/internvl35-68ac87bd52ebe953485927fb
comes with gpt-oss or Qwen3 for LLM part ⤵️
- 1 reply
Post
3312
GPT-4.1-mini level model right in your iPhone 🤯
openbmb/MiniCPM-V-4 is only 4B while surpassing GPT-4.1-mini in vision benchmarks 🔥
allows commercial use as well!
openbmb/MiniCPM-V-4 is only 4B while surpassing GPT-4.1-mini in vision benchmarks 🔥
allows commercial use as well!