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000648a7-d91a-492a-87bc-2ede764fd5c4
|
https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/GBR/2021/decarbonising-transport-a-better-greener-britain_0e5fa97fb3d78e19b69ccf8f78fdd0cc.pdf
| 2,021
|
[
"Transport",
"Co-benefits",
"Cycling",
"Climate Finance",
"Public Transport",
"Freight",
"EVs",
"Shipping",
"Aviation",
"Walking",
"transport",
"zero",
"emissions",
"emission",
"carbon"
] |
cdn.climatepolicyradar.org
|
Through regulation by Ofgem, network operators must ensure that they provide connecting customers with the cheapest option that meets their requirements. Ofgem is currently reviewing the ways charges are allocated and has recently published a consultation proposing that all network reinforcement costs should be socialised across electricity bill payers, rather than falling on the individual connecting customer.
|
b1244f11-6485-47b2-ba2a-c8a54f51cd77
| 218
|
000afe68-42ae-4084-99f8-ead8da9e9cfa
|
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32015L1513
| 2,015
|
[
"Transport",
"Electricity and heat",
"Industry",
"Renewables",
"Renewables"
] |
eur-lex.europa.eu
|
Therefore this Directive does not affect the legitimate expectations of the operators of such installations. (21)
The provisional mean values of estimated indirect land-use change emissions should be included in the reporting by fuel suppliers and the Commission of greenhouse gas emissions from biofuels under Directive 98/70/EC, as well as in the reporting by the Commission of greenhouse gas emissions from biofuels and bioliquids under Directive 2009/28/EC. Biofuels made from feedstocks that do not lead to additional demand for land, such as those from waste feedstocks, should be assigned a zero emissions factor. (22)
Indirect land-use change risks can occur if dedicated non-food crops, grown primarily for energy purposes, are grown on existing agricultural land which is used for the production of food and feed. Nonetheless, compared to food and feed crops, such dedicated crops grown primarily for energy purposes can have higher yields and the potential to contribute to the restoration of severely degraded and heavily contaminated land. However, information on the production of biofuels and bioliquids from such dedicated crops and their actual land-use change impact is limited. Therefore, the Commission should also monitor and regularly report on the state of production and consumption in the Union of biofuels and bioliquids produced from such dedicated crops as well as monitor and report on the associated impacts. Existing projects in the Union should be identified and used for improvement of the information basis for a more in-depth analysis of both risks and benefits related to environmental sustainability. (23)
Yield increases in agricultural sectors through intensified research, technological development and knowledge transfer beyond levels which would have prevailed in the absence of productivity-promoting schemes for food and feed crop-based biofuels, as well as the cultivation of a second annual crop on areas which were previously not used for growing a second annual crop, can contribute to mitigating indirect land-use change.
|
4fe696dc-952d-4f2f-9b63-404e8a63dbc7
| 6
|
000c2d2c-c6f1-48c3-95ea-63935b546f01
|
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/644a2dfdc33b460012f5e2fb/uk-net-zero-research-innovation-framework-delivery-plan-2022-2025.pdf
| -1
|
[
"government",
"zero",
"research",
"innovation"
] |
www.gov.uk
|
These are Local Authority (LA) led public- private-academic partnerships to trial innovations which decarbonise emissions from local roads construction, operation, maintenance and DfT’s Transport Research Innovation Grants (TRIG), in partnership with Connected Places Catapult, has run a Local Transport Decarbonisation Funding Call in 2022, £0.65m – this will support innovative proof of concept projects aimed at finding innovative solutions to accelerate decarbonisation of transport in local areas. DfT Zero Emission Road Freight Demonstrator (ZERFD) Programme, £200m, will support industry to demonstrate multiple zero emission HGV technologies. This will kick-start at-scale deployment of long haul zero emission HGVs and their supporting infrastructure across the UK. Consortia of fleet operators, vehicle manufacturers, energy, charge point and refuelling providers will operate large scale demonstrations of the zero emission technologies in real world UK operations to gather evidence on their benefits and disbenefits. It will also develop the UK’s supply chains in each technology. The programme will break down the barriers to technology adoption, spotlighting the best technology, or combination of technologies, to replace diesel HGVs. UKRI’s ISCF Faraday Battery Challenge (FBC), £215.2m, (£541m overall) – is investing in research and innovation projects and facilities to drive the growth of a leading battery industry in the UK. Phase 1 aims to develop battery technologies that are cost-effective, high performing, longer range, faster charging, long-lasting, safe & recyclable. Phase 2 has two overarching • To ensure the UK meets its climate commitments in the required timescale, through supporting the decarbonisation of transport • Taking action to develop a world-class intellectual and physical supply chain for batteries in the UK and secure the future of the
UK Net Zero Research and Innovation Delivery Plan | 73 Challenge Current Programme Summary Government R&D on rail decarbonisation will focus on reducing the cost of rail electrification, developing solutions for discontinuous electrification and improving capability of battery and hydrogen trains and associated infrastructure. It will be delivered as an element of Network Rail’s and the Rail Safety and Standards Board’s on-going R&D Programmes, £24m. The DfT-funded Rail Innovation Programme First of a Kind, £10.7m, currently includes a focus on The DBT funded Advanced Propulsion Centre (APC), £225m, runs targeted, late stage, collaborative R&D competitions to accelerate the UK’s development and commercialisation of low carbon and zero emission vehicle technologies. This will be delivered in partnership Delivered in partnership with the APC and funded by DBT, the Automotive Transformation Fund (ATF), £75m (R&D element) – supports capital investment and late-stage R&D to build an internationally competitive electric vehicle supply chain in the UK. This includes unlocking private investment in giga factories, battery material supply chains, motors, power electronics and fuel cell systems. The ATF will create and safeguard UK jobs, building an end-to-end supply chain for batteries and components, and anchoring investment in UK manufacturing. DfT’s Zero emission Powered Light Vehicles (PLV) Feasibility Study, £0.35m, will be delivered by the Niche Vehicle Network and provide grant funding to projects to undertake R&I aimed at supporting the accelerated development of innovative zero emission vehicle technologies applicable to road going PLV. This delivers on the Motorcycle Industry Association and Zemo Partnership’s Action Plan for Zero Emission Powered Light Vehicles, which recommends activity on delivering the product (creating supply) and stimulating
74 | UK Net Zero Research and Innovation Delivery Plan Challenge Current Programme Summary UKRI’s ISCF Driving the Electric Revolution Challenge, £33.8m, (£80m overall) – supports R&I developing products and supply chain for the drivetrain for almost all zero carbon land transport options. Including electric and hydrogen, this aims to deliver a resilient supply chain for Power Electronics, Machines and Drives. See main reference in Whole Systems section (Challenge 10.3). UKRI Net Zero Powertrains and Digital Transport Programme, £15m, aims to accelerate the move to electrification including batteries, power electronics, machines and drives, hydrogen fuel cells and other alternatives like liquid hydrogen and ammonia. As well as digital transport through the exploration and pilot investments in applications of vehicle connectivity and data DfT support for the Tees Valley Multi-modal Hydrogen Transport Hub, £24m, is deploying refuelling infrastructure and vehicles in Tees Valley to explore how hydrogen works across transport modes. This will be complemented with support for relevant skills (e.g. hydrogen- specific college courses) in the area. Core funding has been allocated to the Hydrogen Hub with opportunities to align with other modal-specific programmes of work. UKRI supports a network on hydrogen-fuelled transportation (Network-H2), £0.4m SR22-25, (£1m overall). This multi-disciplinary network cuts across technology, socioeconomics, behavioural science and policy, and covers all modes of transport and
UK Net Zero Research and Innovation Delivery Plan | 75 Challenge Current Programme Summary The Government’s Jet Zero Strategy, published in July 2022, sets out our approach to decarbonising the aviation sector by 2050. The Jet Zero Council, established in July 2020, plays a key role in ensuring the strategy is delivered in partnership with industry, with the aim of delivering at least 10% sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) in the UK fuel mix by 2030, and zero emission transatlantic flight within a generation. DBT is supporting innovation into low, zero carbon emission and cross cutting aircraft technology through the Aerospace Technology Institute (ATI) Programme, £685m. Funds will be used to support the development of zero-carbon and ultra-low-emission aircraft technology, cementing the UK’s place at the forefront of advancing new green technology whilst supporting tens of thousands of jobs. The ATI has also published the reports from the £15m Government funded FlyZero project which highlights the opportunities of Zero Emission Flight Infrastructure. In 2022/23 the Government is providing a second year of funding to the Zero Emission Flight Infrastructure project, £1.2m, providing funding for research into the ground handling of future hydrogen aircraft. Wider non-R&I funding is being provided by DfT to support the development of a UK Sustainable Aviation Fuel industry, to build on progress made through previous advanced fuels competitions.
|
bdc9cb31-994d-41fe-82b1-774692453063
| 16
|
000d0aa7-d7b8-41a5-8559-cc95281aefd1
|
http://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.01149v1
| 2,025
|
[
"Forest-savanna bistability",
"ecological modeling",
"climate change",
"Markov jump process",
"savanna fires",
"fire spread",
"vegetation regrowth",
"seed dispersal",
"vegetation flammability",
"spatial model",
"stochastic model",
"fire dynamics",
"vegetation models",
"timescale separation",
"ecosystem structure",
"ecosystem resilience",
"bistability",
"mean-field approximation",
"transient dynamics",
"tropical ecology."
] |
arxiv.org
|
−φ − ( φ + β F ) d [˜] 1
~~′~~ To understand the origin of the elbow at F ≈ 0 . 6 we note that B ( F ) is undefined when the discriminant c 1 ( F ) − 4 c 0 ( F ) c 2 ( F ) vanishes. To zeroth order in f 0 and g 0 we then find ~~′~~ that B ( F ) is undefined when
F [∗] = [q][ −] [β] [G] . β G − β F
Furthermore, to zeroth order in f 0 and g 0
~~′~~ B ( F ) =
0 F > F [∗]
−q φ + qβ G+( β F −β G )( γ + F φ ) + qβ F
F < F [∗]
� β G ( q + γ + Fφ )
−q φ + qβ G+( β F −β G )( γ + F φ ) + qβ F
F − G FF < F [∗] . β G ( q + γ + Fφ )
~~′~~ Note that all F -dependent terms are suppressed since q ≫ γ ≫ φ so B ( F ) is approximately constant in its two regimes, so B ( F ) is approximately linear.
|
681da57a-450b-4ada-8272-f10af5468626
| 27
|
000d6fad-793a-491e-bd3d-dddcf5372c9d
|
https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/GBR/2023/united-kingdom-national-inventory-report-nir-2023_e2ed2f6c199088dc30a95fddf6e84c72.pdf
| 2,023
|
[
"emissions",
"data",
"inventory",
"energy",
"emission"
] |
cdn.climatepolicyradar.org
|
from the combustion of most fossil fuels). However, it is believed that atmospheric concentrations of water vapour are pri marily driven by temperature (warmer air can maintain higher humidity, and warmer water evaporates at a greater rate) 32, and anthropogenic emissions do not contribute significantly 33.
|
70afacf8-8641-4466-819d-f4db8cad9d69
| 206
|
001928ba-f353-43ea-94ce-ab3cfcd6aaa1
|
https://committees.parliament.uk/publications/49014/documents/257582/default/
| 2,025
|
[
"committee",
"business",
"trade",
"department",
"energy"
] |
parliament.uk
|
House of Commons, London SW1A 0AA 020 7219 4494 - [email protected] - - @CommonsBTC The Rt Hon Jonathan Reynolds MP Secretary of State for Business and Trade Department for Business and Trade Old Admiralty Building, Admiralty Place On 8 January 2025, Emma Pinchbeck, Chief Executive Officer, Climate Change Committee told the Energy Security and Net Zero Committee that she had written to Secretaries of State for Departments involved in the delivery of Net Zero to offer briefings on the then forthcoming Seventh Carbon Budget advice. On 7 April, she confirmed to the Environmental Audit Committee that this invitation was sent to eight Departments, including the Department for Business and Trade. Subsequent correspondence to the Environmental Audit Committee has outlined that the Department for Business and Trade was one of only two Departments not to have a Given the Government’s mission to make Britain a clean energy superpower, and the choice of the Clean Energy Sector as one of the eight growth driving sectors at the heart of the forthcoming industrial strategy, please can you outline why your Department chose not to take up this invitation? I am copying this letter to the Chair of the Environmental Audit Committee and the Chair of the Energy Security and Net Zero Committee. Chair of the Business and Trade Committee
|
f86d6e47-a3e4-48a9-b743-8a5d2460b0f0
| 0
|
001b11f9-c54f-4d10-9575-f0d5418fd054
|
https://civitas.eu/sites/default/files/civitas_guide_for_the_urban_transport_professional.pdf
| 2,001
|
[
"Transport",
"Energy service demand reduction and resource efficiency",
"Energy efficiency",
"Renewables",
"Other low-carbon technologies and fuel switch"
] |
civitas.eu
|
It is clear that the resulting pricing or regulation
3. Institutional barriers
scheme may be too complex to be understood by car
Various types of institutional barriers can be distin-
drivers and may require more sophisticated monitoring
guished. One category of institutional barriers arises
technologies than currently available. For instance, for
when the organisation of government bodies is such
realistic road pricing schemes, one would expect dif-
that there is no single regulator that can set all transport
ferentiation over user classes to be possible only for a
related prices and regulations. An example is where a
crude distinction into passenger cars, vans and trucks
local or regional government can either not affect some
over time up to the level of a few steps during the peak
transport charges that are set by a higher level govern-
and one level outside it, at a maximum and tolls to be
ment e.g. fuel taxes, or has to accept lower andor
charged on a few key-roads e.g. main highways in the
upper limits on charges allowed, set by a higher level
network, only. Different studies show that all kinds of
government. Another example is when the government
technologies are available however, it may take some
in one jurisdiction cannot affect the policies of a neigh-
additional time to test the reliability even of a relatively
bouring jurisdiction, while trans-boundary traffic andor
simple system that only determines the time and loca-
externalities are relatively important. The two govern-
tion of the vehicle. ments may then end up in some form of policy com-
In some sense, technological barriers as sketched
petition. above can of course be interpreted as financial barri-
ers the required technologies may exist, but may as yet
Comparable problems may arise when public transport
be too expensive to offer attractive possibilities. is operated by a private party which is relatively free in
choosing prices and service levels, but does so in a so-
2. Acceptability issues
cially non-optimal way, or when private toll roads exist in
It is broadly believed that probably the greatest barrier
an otherwise publicly controlled road network. to implementation of demand management strategies
One may finally distinguish legal barriers as a spe-
is public, and linked to this political acceptability. In
cific type of institutional barriers. It may not always be
brief, public attitude surveys have identified a wide range
possible to implement the best demand management
of concerns about proposals to implement demand
strategy. For instance, suppose that the law implies that
management strategies instead of the current system. the level of taxes should be predictable to the tax pay-
Drivers find it for instance difficult to accept that they
er. A flexible pricing system based on the actual traffic
should pay for congestion. Furthermore, the public often
situation is then not possible, and differentiating parking
thinks that these strategies are not needed, unfair and
schemes based on the environmental burden of a vehi-
not effective.
|
a20264eb-0ca9-4fb5-983a-e64bfbff96ce
| 51
|
00217d6d-5bcd-4540-bcc4-ec9b1aaf585f
|
https://www.gov.uk//guidance/hydrogen-production-with-carbon-capture-emerging-techniques
| 2,023
|
[
"CO2 capture",
"Hydrogen production",
"Emissions monitoring",
"Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR)",
"Noise control",
"Odour control",
"Waste management",
"Energy efficiency",
"Process performance monitoring",
"UK ETS",
"MCERTS",
"Amine system monitoring",
"Fugitive emissions",
"Accidental releases",
"Air quality",
"Water quality",
"Catalyst management",
"Adsorbent management",
"Solvent emissions",
"Corrosion products",
"Amine degradation products",
"Ammonia emissions",
"NOx emissions",
"SO2 emissions",
"Methane emissions",
"Hydrogen emissions",
"CO emissions",
"CO2 capture efficiency",
"Hydrogen product quality",
"Process optimization",
"Monitoring plan",
"Standards",
"Accreditations",
"Risk assessment",
"Mitigation",
"Odour management plan"
] |
gov.uk
|
You should also refer to the JRC Reference Report on Monitoring for IED Installations. 7.4 Monitoring CO2 capture performance
You should clearly identify how you will monitor the CO2 capture performance of the plant. The regulators expect you to monitor CO2 capture performance according to standards that are recognised under the UK ETS. Measurements required to monitor CO2 emissions to atmosphere may, for example, include directly measuring the flow and composition of fuel gas to combustion systems. This, together with measuring the following, will allow monitoring of the CO2 capture rate and CO2 quality considering any impurities that could impact downstream systems
flow and composition of feed gas
hydrogen product including methane content where applicable
CO2 product streams
You will need to include
CO2 equivalent mass balance
CO2 equivalent in feed gas
total capture efficiency CO2 equivalent captured as a mass percentage of CO2 equivalent in feed gas
CO2 equivalent released to the environment
CO2 quality
7.5 Monitoring process performance
You should identify the main requirements for monitoring process operations where these ultimately impact on environmental performance, including, for example, for the CO2 capture system
amine system performance, including monitoring of amine solvent quality such as amine concentration
pH and presence of degradation or corrosion products
amine temperatures
amine and wash water circulation rates
rich and lean amine CO2 loading
stripper reboiler steam rates
You should monitor energy efficiency in the hydrogen production and CO2 capture processes by measuring feed and product gas flows and electrical power consumption to calculate overall energy consumption. You should monitor the quality of the hydrogen product to ensure it is fit for purpose. Requirements for process performance monitoring, either online or offline, will also be a condition of the permit.
|
424578d1-cc78-4840-9b10-8521d004913f
| 12
|
0021fa17-074f-46d0-81f5-cccb356feb40
|
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:199:0001:0136:EN:PDF
| 2,008
|
[
"Transport",
"Light-duty vehicles",
"Energy efficiency"
] |
eur-lex.europa.eu
|
2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the approval authority
shall issue an EC type-approval certificate established in accor-
dance with the model set out in Appendix 2 to Annex XIII. If the vehicle OBD and vehicle repair and maintenance
5. information is not available, or does not conform to Article 6
and 7 of Regulation EC No 7152007 and Annex XIV of this
Regulation, when the application for type-approval is made, the
manufacturer shall provide that information within six months of
the relevant date set out in paragraph 2 of Article 10 of Regula-
tion EC No 7152007 or within six months of the date of type-
approval, whichever date is later. 6. The obligations to provide information within the dates
specified in paragraph 5 shall apply only if, following type-
approval, the vehicle is placed on the market. When the vehicle is placed on the market more than six months
after type-approval, the information shall be provided on the date
on which the vehicle is placed on the market. 7. The approval authority may presume that the manufacturer
has put in place satisfactory arrangements and procedures with
regard to access to vehicle OBD and vehicle repair and mainte-
nance information, on the basis of a completed Certificate on
Access to Vehicle OBD and Vehicle Repair and Maintenance
Information, providing that no complaint was made, and that the
manufacturer provides thise information within the period set out
in paragraph 5.
|
d3fc6859-41cb-4ee2-997b-90ebc4f9b481
| 27
|
0024b91d-38c6-41e5-986b-b327505eb308
| 2,025
|
[
"gross final energy consumption",
"renewable energy sources",
"gross final domestic consumption",
"% share",
"transports"
] |
HF-national-climate-targets-dataset
|
ensuring a 10% share of annual production of electricity from renewable energy sources by 2020; incentivizing the use of energy produced from renewable energy sources in relation to gross final domestic consumption. In this respect, it is planned to achieve a share of at least 17% of renewable energy in the gross final energy consumption in 2020; achieving a share of at least 10% of energy from renewable energy sources in the final energy consumption in transports by year 2020.
|
e4ddcfd1-96ec-4a1c-b924-04cf6dc8de50
| 0
|
|
002cbcc5-40be-4974-bb83-f1a8d3b57bb1
|
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-framework-for-water-resources-2025-water-for-growth-nature-and-a-resilient-future/7-taking-action-on-water-for-energy-national-framework-for-water-resources-2025
| 2,025
|
[
"future energy water use",
"final coal power station",
"green hydrogen production",
"cross - sector planning",
"gigawatt scale reactors"
] |
GOV.UK Environment Agency
|
A key output of the report was a roadmap indicating the timescales, order and owners for the proposed options and recommendations. In consultation with around 30 stakeholders representing the energy sector and water sector, 26 key barriers to collaboration were identified. They were categorised to show whether they related to policy and regulation, financial, organisational or technical barriers. The most critical barriers, which may potentially prevent planning and solution development were then identified. Policy and regulation barriers Lack of best value planning framework for water and energy collectively as this has been limited to the appraisal of public water supply deficits and there is no equivalent planning framework that currently interfaces with the regional or water company water resources planning process. Uncertainty in future abstraction licence availability and allocation mechanism due to constraints in water availability to comply with environmental objectives and legislation. Lack of clear role definitions and remits in government and regulators which can lead to delays, indecision and uncertainty. The energy sector and water sector, in the round, are unclear as to who should be leading on this issue. Lack of incentive to engage on water availability before submission on energy planning application stage and competition law restricting the ability for the energy sector to share proposals before they are in the public domain increase the difficulty in planning for water resource needs. Highly dynamic, evolving new energy technology areas with Financial barriers Competition prohibiting transparency of energy sector plans disincentivises energy companies from sharing potential site or regional energy development locations and limits the development of spatially specific forecasts of future energy water use. Technical barriers Competing strategic water demands to reconcile which could become a more significant issue over time as demands for water increase. Lack of suitable locational or catchment level forecasts for energy production which does not provide the sufficient detail needed to inform water planning at a spatial scale. Lack of visibility of water company constraints and potential costs (options) to supply water resulting in a lack of spatial steers early in the planning process. Organisational barriers Depth of cross sector engagement and shared understanding (data and communication) resulting in a lack of engagement and a shared understanding of key issues. Dynamic and variable nature of the energy sector resulting in piecemeal engagement and further challenges in moving from a centralised to decentralised system. Priority recommendations The report also highlighted 6 priority recommendations. The need to consolidate and increase the visibility of water availability and water supply constraints, for example in an accessible map-based dashboard or platform. Strengthening the role of government and regulators to enable cross-sector planning, to help to address issues with inconsistent planning timescales and facilitate planning. Clarification from government and regulators on the role in planning water resources for the energy sector to set out clear expectations of the water and energy sector. 'No regrets' studies for energy clusters to mitigate competition barriers and help to develop solutions. Clarity on future abstraction licence allocation to assist understanding of future changes to licences. Levering the strategic remit of NESO to ensure that water availability and constraints are considered when planning future energy developments. Overall, the work identified 39 solutions to help dismantle and remove barriers to effective collaboration between the energy and water sectors. The Environment Agency is working with stakeholders to develop an action plan of prioritised solutions for implementation and a delivery plan for the years ahead. Early work involved identifying stakeholders' top priorities and gathering information of any ongoing work that will contribute to achieving the solutions. To effectively remove these barriers we will require action, active involvement and ownership from a wide variety of sectors alongside government engagement to make rapid progress and support the delivery of Net Zero. Next: 8. Taking action on water for food
|
7ddfd4be-4e72-43a9-8126-1821317c9b6c
| 1
|
003467f8-26d7-4e87-b476-0832e5576ba4
|
https://www.odyssee-mure.eu/publications/archives/MURE-Overall-Policy-Brochure.pdf
| 2,001
|
[
"Buildings",
"Energy efficiency"
] |
www.odyssee-mure.eu
|
This has the advantage that markets are developed
for energy services and that the energy consumer is in principle not charged
additionally and may even get a small reduction in energy cost during the phase
when the investment is paid off. At present, mainly energy conversion options or
options that pay off rapidly are financed in such a way boilers, HVAC systems,
building control systems etc. while deep renovations including the building envelope
are rather rare due to the long payback time. An option may be to subsidise the
payback to a rate interesting for the energy service companies. Also risk mitigation is
an important aspect where the state generally plays a role. Financing through a levy on energy consumption Feed-in tariff for energy
efficiency this is in principle similar to the promotion of renewable through feed-in
tariffs while energy saving obligations are the equivalent to quote systems for
renewable - and has the substantial advantage of financing stability and risk-lowering. On the other hand, given the fact that renewable already charge heavily especially
electricity prices in some countries, it may be difficult to levy in the same way the
large investments for refurbishing existing buildings. However, in difference to
renewable, where first the costs are positive and serve to pay their cost down along
the cost degression curve, energy efficiency options provide after some time, benefits
to the consumers due to lower energy bills. Also the energy consumption on which
the costs for energy efficiency investments are charged should cover a much larger
range than just electricity consumption but also fossil fuel use. Combining different sources in an Energy Efficiency Fund one important
possibility of generating the funds necessary for the large investments is combining
different sources discussed in the previous point in a general energy efficiency funds,
such as the EU Energy Efficiency fund but at a much larger level of volumes. Combining the sources would have the advantage of taking the largest basis
possible, though, in most cases, the final consumer would carry the charges in some
innovative
flexibility
way. Energy efficiency
technologies and solutions than other financing sources. funds offer more
in promoting
This discussion of pros and cons shows that in order to deal with the challenge of a large
reduction in energy consumption of buildings a combination of financing instruments is
necessary otherwise the large investment needs could not be levied. 25
Energy Efficiency Policies in the European Union
3.5.2 Financing energy efficiency in the public sector
Tight public budgets raise the question on how energy efficiency could be improved in the
public sector and what role financing plays in that context. On the other hand, there could be
at present an enormous push to building refurbishment exactly as a consequence of the
economic crisis first of all, as public money gets rare, public buildings could save large
amounts on the budget. Second, through investments in buildings, based on public or private
sources, the presently low running European economies could get a push that helps to
emerge from the crisis. Article 5 of the Energy Efficiency Directive EED advocates an exemplary role of public
bodies buildings By 1 January 2014, 3 of the total floor area of heated andor cooled
buildings owned and occupied by central governments is to be renovated each year to meet
at least the minimum energy performance requirements that are set up in application of
Article 4 of the EPBD Directive 201031EU. This exemplary role of the public sector requested by the EED need to be fulfilled by a
combination of instruments, including financial instruments. Many of these examples imply
public budgets to provide grants for investments. An extended discussion of these aspects in
the main report on buildings makes appear three aspects
the large scope for low-cost measures in the public buildings and their large potential
which is well-illustrated with the case of Ireland and the activities of the Office for
Public Works in Ireland. the limits of the approach when it comes to investments, and in particular investments
into the building envelope with comparatively large sums and longer periods of return,
also illustrated with the example of Ireland. The emerging role of Energy Service Companies ESCOs to build the bridge beyond
the public budgets but not without difficulties, especially when it comes to finance
deep renovations including the building envelope with its long payback periods. 3.5.3 Social impact of policy measures in the building sector
Rising energy prices threaten the poorest households, and subsidizing the price increase, as
done in some EU Member States in the past14, is not a long-term option as public budgets
will not allow for such subsidies at a large scale. Energy efficiency improvement is an important long-term means to combat fuel poverty. Energy efficiency measures will finally pay off for the individual consumer, as well as for the
whole economy. However, mobilising the upfront-investments has strong distributional
aspects and may impact on the poorest part of the population. Energy efficiency policies
have therefore to be designed to allow the poorest households to undertake the necessary
investments or put the burden on stronger investors. This is the rational for policies like
energy saving obligations with a special target for fuel pour households or the Green Deal in
the UK. For poor households the terms fuel povertyenergy poverty have become common. In the
definition used by the UK, a household is said to be fuel poor if it spends more than 10 per
cent of its income on fuel to maintain an adequate level of warmth. Although the emphasis in
the definition is on heating the home, modelled fuel costs in the definition of fuel poverty also
include spending on heating water, lights and appliance usage and cooking costs.
|
122a6704-bce7-4e62-9bc9-5e1516956bc0
| 39
|
0041e7b7-e3ab-41e6-855e-4f7c1c4c9020
| 2,025
|
[
"water resources management mechanisms",
"construction industry",
"new technologies",
"international transport corridors",
"annual electricity consumption"
] |
HF-national-climate-targets-dataset
|
production of high-quality, innovative, import-substituting and EE building materials and
meeds of the construction industry and an increase in the export of products. =:
troduction of innovative technologies, an increase in the production of export-oriented and
tituting building materials with high added value, as well as the EE types of wall materials;
nt of construction norms and rules, taking into account the introduction of new technologies
of innovative and energy-saving building materials,
of modular construction technologies, allowing to reduce construction time and improve the
stallation work. tive management and use of water resources, reclamation of irrigated lands, achieving water and
the context of an increasing shortage of water resources, as well as global climate change. :
of market principles, improvement of financing of water management;
nt of water policy and water resources management mechanisms;
on of infrastructure and development of the water sector services;
mt of human resources, scientific and innovative potential of water management. t of an integrated and unified transport system in Uzbekistan, ensuring conditions for
ic growth and satisfying the population's demand for quality transport services. #
he efficiency of institutions that form and implement a single national transport policy;
quality and availability of transport services in the field of freight transportation to ensure the
modernization of the economy,
he quality and availability of transport services for the population;
of transport and transit potential through advanced development of efficient transport and
astructure, active entry into international transport corridors;
migh level of security of the transport system;
vironmental friendliness of transport, creating conditions for the development of "green"
he innovativeness of the transport system, accelerated digitalization of the transport sector. reducing the consumption of heat and power
resources in the production of building
materials;
by 2022, to bring the capacity of the "dry"
method of cement production to 100% of the
total capacity,
gradual reduction in the use of baked bricks, and
an increase in the use of EE types of materials. By 2030
reduction of the annual electricity consumption
of pumping stations by 2 billion kWh;
reduction of the total area of saline lands
|
b71ae863-93df-40b4-9b78-4bac90298372
| 0
|
|
0043a666-18d2-4f5c-b65c-e7a6a6513dde
| 2,025
|
[
"wind power generation",
"regional climate model",
"photovoltaic power generation",
"coastal part",
"possible scenarios"
] |
HF-national-climate-targets-dataset
|
Research done so far mostly relates to the impact of climate change on electricity production from renewable sources by exploring the impact of meteorological parameters on production potential and analysing possible scenarios for future periods. For example, in 2013, two studies were carried out, one related to wind power plants (the impact of climate change on wind power generation, in particular the impact of wind speed change on production), the other to hydroelectric power plants (research that most meteorological parameters have on electricity generation from the meteorological parameters to assess the need for electricity generation from hydro power plants with the aim of planning the production and management of the system, as well as determining the potential output) [51] [52]. The paper exploring the possible impact of climate change on the energy generation from renewable energy sources in the Republic of Croatia, such as photovoltaic and wind power plants, as well as hydropower, was carried out in 2012 [53]. The climatic data used in the research are retrieved from the global climate model ECHAMS-MPIOM, and the data are dynamically adjusted to the RegCM regional climate model in DHMZ. The results based on the IPCC A2 scenario for the two future periods, 2011-2040 and 20412070, were analysed. It was concluded that climate change could have the greatest impact on renewable energy sources in the coastal part of the country, and an increase in production is expected due to the increase in wind speed, but also reduction of production from hydro power plants. Significant changes in photovoltaic power generation are not expected.
|
f810c296-66d3-4496-91db-6b5016274fdc
| 0
|
|
00451733-88d2-497d-a699-7447e4423496
| 2,025
|
[
"digital transformation",
"specific objectives",
"digital skills",
"enterprises",
"public administrations"
] |
HF-national-climate-targets-dataset
|
In order to achieve the above objective, the following Specific Objectives have been defined: Raising digital skills. Further promoting the digital transformation of enterprises and public administrations. the following Main Objective for the Component was formulated:
|
6a714d0b-c8f5-4de2-8cbe-ef908ae5b8d7
| 0
|
|
004a8db1-1e3c-4f77-b10c-b5e58a1d32e2
|
http://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.03722v2
| 2,021
|
[
"adaptation",
"technologies",
"patents",
"mitigation",
"climate"
] |
arxiv.org
|
Agriculture, health, and indirect adaptation technologies are highly science-intensive, while adaptation for coastal defense, infrastructure, and water is rather engineering-based. Analyzing the scientific base of adaptation, we have further discussed that scienceintensive CCATs rely more heavily on basic rather than applied sciences.
|
e7c5ec21-08e6-4ef3-84cf-6a259e7f7c53
| 100
|
004c764b-a4ee-4598-9752-03a50594400b
|
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/871799/Budget_2020_Web_Accessible_Complete.pdf
| 2,020
|
[
"government",
"budget",
"support",
"million",
"public"
] |
assets.publishing.service.gov.uk
|
25 5 year NHS funding plan, Department of Health and Social Care, Her Majesty’s Treasury, June 2018 26 Spending Round 2019, Her Majesty’s Treasury, September 2019 27 Health Infrastructure Plan, Department of Health and Social Care, September 2019
Supporting schools and young people 1.112 At Spending Round 2019, the government committed to a £7.1 billion cash increase in funding for schools in England by 2022-23, compared to 2019-20 budgets. This funding settlement included an increase to minimum per-pupil funding levels, a commitment now enshrined in law.28 The minimum per pupil amount will increase to £3,750 for primary schools and £5,000 for secondary schools in 2020-21, with the primary schools minimum then rising to £4,000 in 2021-22.29 The settlement also provides for £780 million extra in 2020-21 to support children and young people with special educational needs, to ensure all can reach 1.113 On average, schools will see an increase of over 4% in funding per pupil compared to 2019-20 budgets.30 The three-year settlement will also allow the government to raise starting salaries for teachers to £30,000 by September 2022. 1.114 This funding settlement reflects the government’s commitment to high quality education for all school children. The Budget sets out new steps the government is taking to support children to have the opportunity of an active and enriching school experience. 1.115 To ensure that children get an active start in life, the government will bring forward an updated School Sport and Activity Action Plan following the Comprehensive Spending Review. Ahead of that, the Budget provides £29 million a year by 2023-24 to support primary school PE teaching and help schools make best use of their sports facilities. The funding will support high quality teacher training and professional development for PE, informed by best practice PE teaching. 1.116 The government also believes in the benefits of participating in the arts and the essential role it plays in all children’s education. The Budget provides £90 million a year to introduce an Arts Premium from September 2021, averaging out as an extra £25,000 a year per secondary school for three years.31 The funding will help schools to provide high quality arts programmes and extracurricular activities for pupils, including those delivered in partnership with arts organisations, as well as supporting teachers to deliver engaging and creative lessons Ensuring people’s safety and security 1.117 Protecting people and keeping them safe from crime and other threats is a principal responsibility of any government. The government announced an extra £750 million of funding at the 2019 Spending Round to begin the recruitment of 20,000 additional police officers, with the first 6,000 officers to be recruited by March 2021. The Budget makes further important investments in the police, security services and justice system. 1.118 In addition, the Budget will include £114 million in 2020-21 for counter-terrorism, to maintain capability and officer numbers in the face of a changing terrorist threat. This includes an extra £83 million for counter-terrorism policing, in addition to the government’s police recruitment commitment, and £31 million for the UK Intelligence Community. The government will also provide an additional £67 million for the UK Intelligence Community which will enable them to develop further their world-leading technological capabilities to protect the UK’s security and help keep the country safe. (9) 28 Minimum funding levels for schools, Department for Education, January 2020 29 National funding formula tables for schools and high 2020 to 2021, Department for Education, October 2019 31 Schools, pupils and their January 2019, Department for Education, June 2019
1.119 The government is committed to increasing support for victims of crime in their experience of the criminal justice system. The government will provide an additional £15 million to improve our offer to victims. This will boost the support available to victims of rape and create a new digital hub to make the criminal justice process in England and Wales easier to understand. The government will also provide an additional £5 million to begin a trial of domestic abuse courts in England and Wales, allowing criminal and family matters to be considered together. To protect victims of severe domestic abuse and their children and reduce the number of serial perpetrators, the government will provide £10 million for innovative new approaches to preventing domestic abuse, working with Police and Crime Commissioners to expand projects like the “Drive” prevention programme. 1.120 The Budget contains an additional £5 million for the Youth Endowment Fund to support the creation of a Centre of Excellence for Tackling Youth Violence. This will create a single evidence hub on what works to divert young people away from criminal activity and improve the effectiveness of our wider investments in crime reduction, including the work of the Youth Endowment Fund and violence reduction units. The Budget will also provide £68.5 million to toughen community sentences, including by increasing the number of offenders who are required to wear an electronic tag. 1.121 The government will also provide £20 million for Fire and Rescue Services to enable them to increase fire inspection and enforcement capability and to build capacity to respond to the Grenfell Tower Inquiry’s findings, by investing in training, equipment and a stronger strategic Improving local services and infrastructure 1.122 The government is committed to supporting the work of local authorities, in delivering high quality local services in communities across the country. The 2020-21 local government finance settlement enables a 6.3% nominal increase in councils’ Core Spending Power.32 1.123 Local authorities also invest billions of pounds of capital finance every year in their communities. The government supports this activity, in part, by offering low cost loans through the Public Works Loan Board (PWLB). However, in recent years a minority of councils have used this cheap finance to buy very significant amounts of commercial property for rental income, which reduces the availability of PWLB finance for core local authority activities. To address this the government will consult on revising the terms of PWLB lending to ensure LAs continue to invest in housing, infrastructure and front-line services.
|
b949ddd7-ed23-4181-af48-f39c5b360ff9
| 16
|
004f01a0-a790-469b-9bd1-550b0349e5df
|
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:199:0001:0136:EN:PDF
| 2,008
|
[
"Transport",
"Light-duty vehicles",
"Energy efficiency"
] |
eur-lex.europa.eu
|
2.5. Section 3.3.3.1 of Annex 11 to UNECE Regulation 83 shall be replaced by the following requirement
The OBD system shall monitor the reduction in the efficiency of the catalytic converter with respect to emissions of
THC and NOx. Manufacturers may monitor the front catalyst alone or in combination with the next catalysts down-
stream. Each monitored catalyst or catalyst combination shall be considered malfunctioning when the emissions
exceed the NMHC or NOx threshold limits provided for by section 2.3 of this Annex. By way of derogation the
requirement of monitoring the reduction in the efficiency of the catalytic converter with respect to NOx emissions
shall only apply as from the dates set out in Article 17. 2.6.
|
d3fc6859-41cb-4ee2-997b-90ebc4f9b481
| 318
|
0053f675-1166-4546-a20d-9baf897a73f1
|
https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/GBR/2023/united-kingdom-national-inventory-report-nir-2023_e2ed2f6c199088dc30a95fddf6e84c72.pdf
| 2,023
|
[
"emissions",
"data",
"inventory",
"energy",
"emission"
] |
cdn.climatepolicyradar.org
|
Category Source Name 1990 2020 1990 2020 3.D.1.1 Direct N2O Emissions from Managed Inorganic N fertilisers 20.03 10.91 20.14 10.88 kt Improved methodology to estimate fertiliser application rates; Updates to the quantity of Di-Ammonium Phosphate applied to crops based on improved methodology; Update of provisional surveyed fertiliser rate for Northern Ireland in 2020; As Grassland plus revision of the uptake of ‘placed’ N fertiliser as a mitigation option and minor changes to 3.D.1.2.a Direct N2O Emissions from Managed Organic N Fertilisers – Animal 4.60 3.88 4.63 3.90 kt Emissions from spreading affected by the changes detailed for ‘Manure Nitrous Oxide emissions’ plus spreading mitigation uptake for cattle and pig slurry updated; Introduced NI-specific data for proportion of cattle slurry and FYM applied to 3.D.1.2.c Direct N2O Emissions from Managed Organic N Fertilisers - Other Organic Fertilisers Applied to Soils 0.00 1.00 0.00 1.07 kt Updated amounts of manure and non-manure based digestate 3.D.1.3 Direct N2O Emissions from Managed Urine and Dung Deposited by 2.948 2.374 2.952 2.379 kt Emissions from urine and dung affected by the changes detailed for ‘Manure Nitrous Oxide emissions’ affecting N
UK NIR 2023 (Issue 1) Ricardo Energy & Environment Page 375 Category Source Name 1990 2020 1990 2020 3.D.1.4 Direct N2O Emissions from Managed 5.19 5.47 5.34 5.10 kt Updates to crop yield estimates and fertiliser N activity data used 3.D.1.5 Mineralisation/Immobilization Associated with Loss/Gain of Soil Organic Matter 0.61115 1.30359 0.61116 1.30387 kt Minor changes to the area of cropland on organic soil 3.D.1.6 Direct N2O Emissions from Managed Cultivation of Organic Soils 5.68 5.37 7.31 6.93 kt Minor changes to organic soil areas and adjustment to peatland restoration data for intensive grassland in England; Emission factors applied to cropland and intensive grassland have been 3.D.2.1 Indirect N2O Emissions From Managed Soils – Atmospheric Deposition 3.14 2.56 3.01 2.59 kt As ‘Direct N2O Emissions from Managed Soils’ plus revisions to NOx ratios for the poultry sector 3.D.2.2 Indirect N2O Emissions From Managed Soils - Nitrogen Leaching and Run-off 6.34 5.32 6.38 5.19 kt As ‘Direct N2O Emissions from Managed Soils’ plus adjustment to the FracLeach value for goats, deer and horses to ensure consistency across all sectors
UK NIR 2023 (Issue 1) Ricardo Energy & Environment Page 376 Category Source Name 1990 2020 1990 2020 Units Comment/Justification 3.D.1.1 Direct N2O Emissions from Managed Inorganic N fertilisers 0.00810 0.00730 0.00815 0.00731 kg N2O- 3.D.1.2.a Direct N2O Emissions from Managed Organic N Fertilisers – Animal 0.00609 0.00606 0.00610 0.00607 kg N2O- 3.D.1.2.c Direct N2O Emissions from Managed Organic N Fertilisers - Other Organic Fertilisers Applied to Soils 0 0.0094 0.0075 0.0093 kg N2O- 3.D.1.3 Direct N2O Emissions from Managed Urine and Dung Deposited by 0.003331 0.003299 0.003332 0.003301 kg N2O- 3.D.1.6 Direct N2O Emissions from Managed Cultivation of Organic Soils
UK NIR 2023 (Issue 1) Ricardo Energy & Environment Page 377 This source is not relevant in the UK. Source included Method Emission Gases Reported CH4, N2O, NOx, CO, NMVOC, SO2 Key Categories None identified Completeness No known omissions. A general assessment of completeness for the inventory is The National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory reports emissions from field burning under the category agricultural incineration. The estimates are derived from emission factors calculated according to IPCC (1997) and from USEPA (1997). The estimates of the masses of residue burnt of barley, oats, wheat and linseed are based on crop production data from DEFRA (England & Wales), The Scottish Government (Scotland) and DAERA (Northern Ireland), a UK -specific harvest index approach to derive residue amounts (Williams and Goglio, 2017) and data on the fraction of crop residues burnt ( MAFF, 1995; ADAS, 1995). Field burning ceased in 1993 in England and Wales. Burning in Scotland and Northern Ireland is considered negligible, so no estimates are reported from 1993 onwards. The carbon dioxide emissions are not estimated because these are part of the annual Uncertainties and time-series consistency The uncertainty analysis in Annex 2 provides estimates of uncertainty per IPCC source category. The UK inventory uncertainty calculations have been reviewed and updated by the
UK NIR 2023 (Issue 1) Ricardo Energy & Environment Page 378 UK sector experts within the 2023 submission; t he analysis is now fully consistent with the methods applied in the UK inventory and uncertainty parameters will be kept under review for Field burning ceased in 1993, and emissions are reported as NO after this date. Source-specific QA/QC and verification This source category is covered by the general QA/QC procedures, which are discussed in Source-specific recalculations No recalculations were carried out in this sector. Source-specific planned improvements Emissions sources Source included Method Emission Key Categories None identified Completeness A general assessment of completeness for the inventory is Adjustment to the liming areas and rates for NI and introduction of 3-year rolling average for all DAs 5.8.1.1 Source category significance, trends and drivers Total CO2 emissions from liming in 2021 were 1175 kt CO 2. Emissions in 2021 were 15.6% CO2 emissions due to the application of lime and related compounds are estimated using the Tier 1 IPCC (2006) methodology. For calcium carbonate (limestone, chalk and sugar beet lime - LimeX) an emission factor of 120 tC/kt applied is used, and for dolomite application, 130 tC/kt. UK NIR 2023 (Issue 1) Ricardo Energy & Environment Page 379 These factors are based on the stoichiometry of the CO2 loss from the carbonates and assume pure limestone/chalk and dolomite. Liming activity data (% area limed and application rate to three land use ‘all tillage’, 1990 and 1991 were assumed to be the same as for 1992. The % area limed and application rate of lime in Northern Ireland was assumed to be the same as that for Scotland by land use type.
|
70afacf8-8641-4466-819d-f4db8cad9d69
| 367
|
005666ee-76ff-4328-a541-6498341628a9
|
https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/GBR/2024/united-kingdom-biennial-transparency-report-btr1_0e77f9e4d928e6e9d64ea26cd95945e1.pdf
| 2,024
|
[
"climate",
"change",
"emissions",
"energy",
"government"
] |
cdn.climatepolicyradar.org
|
Increases are also projected in an indicator of the energy available for plant growth over a year (growing degree days) of 19% to 60%. Occurrences of tropical nights, when the temperature falls no lower than 20°C, are rare in the current climate but become more frequent in a warmer climate, particularly in southeast England and in Conversely, the projections show a reduction in the number of frost days (below 0°C) of between 10 and 49 days per year.
|
2ae0b548-ef04-451f-aba3-617d0f3c41f8
| 93
|
00585f86-d207-4e4e-86b7-8c7e2144a855
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13568v1
| 2,025
|
[
"Joint species distribution models",
"Deep latent variable models",
"Explainable AI",
"Earthworms",
"Soil biodiversity"
] |
ArXiv
|
The optimization objective is to minimize the total cost J reg , which includes the reconstruction loss (measuring the difference between the predicted and actual species presence), the KL divergence loss (penalizing the divergence between the approximate and true posterior distributions of latent factors), and a regularization term (preventing overfitting by controlling model complexity). In the context of this paper, the reconstruction loss is the balanced binary crossentropy loss as the reconstruction loss, whereas we use Elasticnet regularization loss for the parameter regularization term. We define the following posterior statistics over the latent factors H, assuming the dimension of the latent space is L and the number of data samples is N From there, the species-by-species residual covariance matrix can be formulated as: We use the Graphical lasso 2 algorithm to estimate a sparse inverse for the posterior residual covariance matrix r = r 1 with a sample size of N. This corresponds to the precision matrix which encodes conditional dependencies between species in the latent space. Gaussian Random Field that we refer to as the species association network. It is an undirected graphical model in which the absence of a link represents pairwise independence conditional to other species. An environmental feature encoder: a fully connected neural network with parameters (weights and biases) which takes as input the raw environmental covariates and transforms them to extract a shared embedding with relevant features for all species. We use category embedding layers for categorical features and dense layers for numerical features. A multi-task decoder: a fully connected neural network that predicts multispecies probabilities of presences as a function of the shared environmental embedding and the latent factors. The latter are sampled from the posterior distribution during training on known communities and from the prior distribution on new sites. We fitted MTEC to our dataset of earthworm communities and environmental covariates across training sampling sites. We used a probit link g = to accommodate the binary presence/absences. Given the limited size of the calibration dataset, we used a single layer in the probabilistic encoder and fixed the number of latent factors to 3 to facilitate the visualization. Furthermore, we applied a combined ridge and lasso (elastic net) regularization to the generative and variational parameters to control model complexity. We experimented with different settings to process environmental features both at the data preprocessing stage (dimensionality reduction) and within the feature encoder (architecture complexity). (3) preprocessing via principal component analysis. To find the optimal configuration of network complexity and transferability amongst prediction tasks, we varied the shared feature encoder network depth, and the width (number of neurons) of each layer. Combining learning architectures with the preprocessing modes yielded 6 configurations. We trained all 6 models on the full calibration dataset while varying the regularization strength in the range {1,2,5,10} 104. We used a 5x2 cross-validation on the calibration dataset coupled with a paired t-test (Dietterich, 1998) to compare models in pairs. We report average performances on the calibration dataset (ROC-AUC) and the evaluation dataset (recall) as well as optimal regularization settings for each configuration in We fit the model using the Adam optimization algorithm for at most 400 iterations (epochs), using a batch size of 32. To prevent overfitting, we used early stopping to stop the training whenever the objective function of the validation set stopped improving after more than 10 epochs. Like most species' occurrence data, the earthworm dataset used in this study exhibits a long-tailed species prevalence distribution where a vast majority of species occur in less than 10% of the community samples while. In this section, we report species-wise predictive performances both on the calibration dataset (cross-validation) and on the evaluation dataset. Here, we examine how the cross-validation predictive performances in the calibration dataset vary along a gradient of species prevalences from rarest to most prevalent. We find that both MTEC and machine learning based SDMs exhibit generally decreasing ROC-AUC with prevalence , except GLMs. Furthermore, MTEC obtained better scores for rare species, likely due to imbalance correction strategies during training. Additionally, single-species SDM models struggled to converge for some species with very low prevalence (fewer than 10 records). For more prevalent species, performances were variable, and this can potentially be attributed to the difference in niche complexity between species. In section A1.4, we described the process to infer the earthworm association network from the latent factor estimation. Figure 6 shows the resulting association network. This network illustrates associations between earthworm taxa that are not accounted for by their shared responses to environmental variables. Instead, these associations are structured by latent factors, which may reflect unmeasured environmental influences (e.g., microhabitat conditions) or biotic interactions (e.g., microbial activity). (epigeic, endogeic, anecic). Edges between two taxa nodes represent significant associations. Association strength (partial correlation) normalized between -1 and 1, is shown on each node in red (resp. blue) for positive (resp.negative) associations. The applied method identified 31 significant pairwise associations, resulting in a network density of 0.015. These associations involved only 31 of the 77 modeled taxa, and the network visualization was accordingly restricted to these taxa. Notably, the partial correlations-representing the strength of associations and visualized as edge attributes-were relatively weak and uniform, ranging from 0.14 to 0.22 in absolute value. This suggests that, overall, earthworm distributions are primarily governed by abiotic factors. The resulting network comprised three connected components. The largest component encompassed 80% of the nodes and 87% of the edges, and featured a hub formed by four of the most prevalent taxa: Lumbricus castaneus, Satchellius mammalis, and two subspecies of Aporrectodea caliginosa-A. caliginosa caliginosa, which is widespread, and A. caliginosa meridionalis, which is restricted to southern regions. These two subspecies were rarely co-occurring, as evidenced by their negative association. Additionally, a positive ternary association was observed among Lumbricus rubellus, Aporrectodea longa ripicola, and Dendrobaena rubidus rubidus-three epigeic to epianecic species predominantly found in northern areas. Most species represented in the network were classified as epigeic, epi-endogeic, or epi-anecic.
|
2863e874-af6b-4103-a05f-5735aac5c71c
| 5
|
006275e1-c95a-420d-b4fa-91fa7cfa7931
|
http://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.18270v1
| 2,025
|
[
"Rapid urbanization",
"climate change",
"disasters",
"displacement",
"mobility data",
"social factors",
"homophily",
"evacuation",
"destination choice",
"social connections",
"GPS traces",
"online social networks",
"Marshall Fires",
"Colorado",
"behavioral characteristics",
"socio-demographic homophily",
"policy implications",
"disaster impacts",
"return decisions",
"predictive modeling",
"spatial exposure",
"White populations",
"educated populations",
"low-income populations",
"Black populations",
"Asian populations",
"long-term displacement."
] |
arxiv.org
|
Figure 1c maps the percentages of individuals evacuated to each census block group. We find that, by plotting the histogram of evacuation distances in Figure 1d, that the majority of evacuees move to areas between 20 and 60 km from the epicenter of the fire, indicating a preference to stay relatively close to their home location. To understand the factors associated with the individuals’ evacuation distances r u, we tested a simple linear regression model with the specification: log 10 (r u ) ∼ G u + SD u + Bu, where r u indicates the user u ’s evacuation distance, and G u, SD u, and Bu, are groups of geographical, sociodemographic, and behavioral characteristics, respectively, similar to the previous logistic regression in Figure 1b. By comparing the incremental increase in R-squared with the inclusion of independent variable groups G u, SD u, and Bu, we find that the inclusion of pre-disaster mobility behavior Bu substantially increases the model’s predictability, by more than five-fold. The coefficient of the radius of gyration is highly significant and positive, suggesting that evacuees with a higher radius of gyration tend to travel further distances when evacuating. The full regression tables are shown in Supplementary Tables S6, S7 & S8. These results suggest that the behavioral factors of individuals are strong determinants of evacuation decisions. Social homophily between home and evacuation destinations
The results on evacuation behavior so far indicate that the evacuation behavior of individuals is strongly associated with the individuals’ pre-disaster behavioral traits. Similarly, studies suggest that the individuals’ preferences and social ties are important in evacuation destination choice[,][,][,][,] . Here, we leverage the high granularity of the mobility data to assess the effects of social homophily on destination choice. More specifically, we analyze the effect of social homophily on evacuation destination choice by measuring i) sociodemographic similarity (“Social Similarity” Si j ) and ii) the number of friendship connections (“Social Connectedness” Ci j ) between the destination j and the home location (origin) i, as shown in Figure 2a. The similarity index Si j is computed as the cosine similarity between the vectors of sociodemographic characteristics of the origin and destination CBGs. Sociodemographic characteristics include population density, race proportions, level of education, unemployment rates, and the median income of the CBG. Supplementary Note 3.1 - 3.4 contains the robustness checks on the selection of the sociodemographic characteristics. The social connectedness Ci j is measured using Facebook’s Social Connectedness Index (SCI), which measures the probability of a friendship connection on Facebook between two locations (zipcode). Compared with the physical distance d i j between CBGs i and j, we find that both the similarity and connectedness metrics decay with distance, as shown in Figure 2b. This suggests that individuals who evacuate longer distances are more likely to stay in less similar and connected neighborhoods, which could lead to fewer social connections and support, which are suggested in the literature to be essential ingredients for effective disaster response and recovery . Studies have used the gravity model as the standard model to characterize and model evacuation patterns after disasters[,] . However, behavioral preferences and the characteristics of the destination could also play a crucial role in evacuation patterns. Despite the availability of large scale mobility datasets, such dynamics have been rarely quantified. To investigate the significance of behavioral preferences, we construct a null model to simulate evacuation destinations for each individual . In the null model, illustrated in Figure 2c, counterfactual destinations j [′] are randomly simulated for each individual with probabilities proportional to the gravity model pi j = M j /d i j [, which ignores any social and behavioral preferences. The randomly] simulated counterfactual destinations j [′] consider the spatial configurations of surrounding cities and communities and their sizes, allowing us to quantify the level of social similarity and connectedness to which individuals are spatially exposed. Figure 2d shows the distribution of social similarity Si j ′ and social connectedness Ci j ′ for actual and simulated destinations. The distribution of the similarity and connectedness measures of the actual destinations is skewed towards higher values, compared to the simulated destinations using the null model.
|
e07b3e5a-d209-4e84-afc8-57bf8c38fb2f
| 7
|
0069230e-aba1-428f-b663-72788a54d7c6
|
https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/GBR/2021/carbon-budget-delivery-plan_19fa3072ff04d7abab9199e50abfb92c.pdf
| 2,023
|
[
"Economy-wide",
"policy",
"carbon",
"emissions",
"energy",
"support"
] |
cdn.climatepolicyradar.org
|
Explore the use of product labelling to show the durability, repairability and recyclability of products, as well as their environmental footprint, with a view to stimulating demand for better quality items. We have committed to developing a mandatory methodology for the voluntary eco-labelling of food and drink products. This will be for participating companies to consistently follow, providing a common standard where eco-information is voluntarily used Environmental labelling and eco-labelling can be used to indicate products and services with lower embodied carbon emissions, enabling more informed choices. Company reporting will incentivise companies to improve the environmental performance of their products and drive increased traceability in supply chains. No. Sector Policy name and description How the policy supports delivery/ should they choose to include such information on their products. Through the Food Data Transparency Partnership, Defra will also develop defined and consistent methodologies for the food and drink sector to consistently measure and report scope 3 GHG emissions. professional body for the farming industry. Between 2021 and 2027, Defra will gradually reduce and then stop untargeted Direct Payments. Farmers will instead receive public money for improving the environment, improving animal health and welfare and reducing carbon emissions. To achieve this, farmers will need new skillsets. The government is contributing towards the establishment of a new professional body for the farming industry; The Institute for Agriculture and Horticulture (TIAH). TIAH is aimed at removing the fragmentation that exists within current learning and skills landscape for farming businesses. TIAH will drive improvements in industry capability – which will cover the skillsets required to deliver future Environmental Land Management objectives; including water and air quality, soil husbandry, This is in an industry initiative that won’t directly deliver any additional carbon savings but will enable the delivery of agricultural transition policies that aim to deliver net zero. No. Sector Policy name and description How the policy supports delivery/ woodland restoration and management, agroforestry and biodiversity. Alongside TIAH’s work, we are also looking at the new skills and knowledge advisers may need to support farmers and land managers towards these goals. Action is already being taken by the sector. For example, the Chartered Institute for Ecology and Environmental Management (CIEEM) has developed a competency framework and BASIS has recently launched an environmental adviser Green Jobs and Forestry Training Fund. To meet afforestation targets, the Forestry Training Fund launched in. February 2023 to provide practical training courses for new entrants and upskilling the existing workforce. With Forestry England, we are increasing the number of available apprenticeships including the launch of the Level 6 Started and ongoing. The initiatives won’t directly deliver any additional carbon savings but will enable the delivery of forestry policies that aim to deliver net zero, such as the afforestation targets
No. Sector Policy name and description How the policy supports delivery/ Consider the role of decarbonisation. Assess the role and efficacy of introducing agriculture specific emissions targets, such as targets split between individual greenhouse gases to drive decarbonisation across the agriculture and land use sectors. Emissions targets, or targets split between individual greenhouse gases, could help us reduce emissions in the agricultural sector. This is an early-stage proposal and next steps have not yet been determined. The potential emissions reductions are contingent on further research. agroecological farming systems and the potential of regenerative systems. We are seeing farmers undertake such practices and are monitoring efficacy across farming. Defra’s evidence programme encompasses R&D on the productivity, sustainability and wider trade-offs of agroecological farming systems including extensive livestock systems, which will inform future development. Many of the pathway measures delivered through the schemes align with agroecological practices, for example introducing cover This is an early-stage proposal, with next steps yet to be determined. Agroecological farming systems may promote farming practices that reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, such as reducing Nitrogen application and introducing clover into pasture, supporting delivery of the pathway. Although regenerative measures are considered within the pathway and delivered through the Environmental Land Management Schemes, there is scope for additional emissions reductions from farming practices promoted under agroecological farming systems once they are better
No. Sector Policy name and description How the policy supports delivery/ Increase the use of robust Monitoring, Reporting and Verification of GHG emissions (MRV). We will explore policies to increase the use of MRV across farm businesses as a mechanism to support improved understanding and behaviour change for decarbonisation. This will build on the recent UK ETS consultation call for evidence chapter which explored the use and application of MRV for the agriculture sector and ongoing research projects to examine opportunities to better harmonise and improve the robustness of emission reporting across farm, food, and drink businesses. We will develop a harmonised approach for measuring carbon emissions from farms and by 2024 will set out how farmers will be supported to understand their emission sources through carbon audits and take further actions to decarbonise their This is an enabling policy that could support the delivery of carbon savings within existing net zero agriculture measures by improving sector level understanding of the source and scale of emissions on farms, and empowering farmers to deliver existing measures in order to decarbonise. This is an early-stage proposal and next steps have not yet been determined. The potential emissions reductions are contingent on further research. Further incentives to encourage nutrient use efficiency. Continue to monitor the effectiveness of current nutrient efficiency measures and market forces and consider development of policy levers to further enhance or strengthen delivery if needed e.g., This is an enabling policy which could support emissions reductions by encouraging a more efficient use of nutrients. This is an early-stage proposal and next steps have not yet been determined. The potential emissions reductions are contingent on further research. No. Sector Policy name and description How the policy supports delivery/ Explore the role of carbon pricing strategies and trading markets as a mechanism to drive decarbonisation.
|
f1206e39-e30b-4828-a2d4-296506ac6fd1
| 37
|
0069368c-9675-4c7c-8c34-e975938f05ec
|
http://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.12331v2
| 2,025
|
[
"Canada",
"boreal forest",
"afforestation",
"climate change mitigation",
"carbon removal",
"carbon sequestration",
"Monte Carlo",
"carbon budget model",
"satellite inventory",
"fire regime",
"ecosystem carbon",
"greenhouse gas emissions",
"net-zero",
"Taiga Shield",
"permafrost",
"surface albedo",
"forest migration",
"planting mortality",
"land classes",
"climate variables",
"ecosystem modeling",
"2025-2100",
"spatial modeling",
"ecological forecasting."
] |
arxiv.org
|
Our region of interest spans multiple provinces and ecoregions, and as these yield curves have been fitted to diverse climates across Canada, they are appropriate for an exploratory study such as this. The general form of the equation is as given in Eq. 2. The species are assigned to species groups as in Box. 6e. The coefficients for the yield equations for different species groups are as given in Box. 6f. The MAT and PCP values used are averages for the eco-zones. The second set of yield curves were obtained by contacting the forestry department of the government of northwest territories (GNWT). The yield curves shared by GNWT are the ones used in the forest management agreement and 25 year strategic plan document prepared by Timberworks Inc in support of their land use permit application. These yield curves are meant to be used in the province of Northwest Territories, and comprise of 5 species types (Deciduous, Black Spruce, White Spruce, Mixed Wood, Pine), 2 density configurations (High, Low), and 3 site qualities (Good, Medium, Poor). In subsequent phases, province specific yield curves will be explored. Both these yield curves, other data, and project code can be found under the data folder in the GitHub Repository. It is important to note that GCBM does not dynamically model the full hydrology and energy fluxes of the forest ecosystem. Therefore, using MAT and PCP as inputs for yield curves serves as a surrogate for the complex water-energy nexus that truly governs tree growth and mortality. To get a more accurate estimation of these interactions, combined or coupled modeling approaches are necessary. Future research could involve integrating GCBM's detailed carbon budget accounting with other specialized models, such as a dedicated hydrological model to better simulate soil moisture and water stress, or a land surface model to explicitly calculate energy fluxes and albedo feedbacks. This integrated approach would provide a more holistic understanding of how afforestation impacts, and is impacted by, the complete water and energy balance of the region. Research Framework and Simulation Workflow
Box 7: Research Framework and Simulation Workflow. Outlines the research framework used to estimate the carbon removal capacity of Taiga afforestation. The workflow is divided into four main phases: Data Acquisition and Pre-processing, Monte Carlo Simulation Setup, GCBM Carbon Budget Modeling, and Analysis and Scenario Evaluation. To provide a clear and logical overview of our study, this section outlines the research framework used to estimate the carbon removal capacity of taiga afforestation. The workflow is divided into four main phases: Data Acquisition and Pre-processing, Monte Carlo Simulation Setup, GCBM Carbon Budget Modeling, and Analysis and Scenario Evaluation. The process is designed to integrate spatially explicit inventory data, probabilistic disturbance regimes, and climatic scenarios to generate robust estimates of carbon dynamics. The logical flow of this framework is illustrated in the flowchart given in Box 7. Phase 1: Data Acquisition & Pre-processing
The initial phase focused on gathering and preparing the necessary spatial and tabular data. We selected the north-western edge of Canada's boreal forest as our region of interest from the NTEMS-SBFI. This region spans the Taiga Plains (TP) and Taiga Shield West (TSW) ecozones. The raw polygon data from NTEMS-SBFI was gridded to a 0.06 x 0.06 degree resolution. For each grid cell, key attributes such as tree species percentages, forest age, and historical fire data were aggregated and averaged. Climate data, specifically mean annual temperature (MAT) and total annual precipitation (PCP), were downloaded from ClimateDataCA and assigned to the corresponding grid cells. Finally, the grid was filtered to retain cells with greater than 35% \"free area\" available for potential afforestation, creating a baseline inventory for our simulations.
|
e05d25b6-82b4-4c40-bf8b-a5bd61ef0f97
| 20
|
006a74e7-5ac3-4401-9fa9-cc1ae242c8bc
|
https://civitas.eu/sites/default/files/civitas_guide_for_the_urban_transport_professional.pdf
| 2,001
|
[
"Transport",
"Energy service demand reduction and resource efficiency",
"Energy efficiency",
"Renewables",
"Other low-carbon technologies and fuel switch"
] |
civitas.eu
|
Improved deliv-
ery of goods the impact can be even higher. 40
CIVITAS GuI de for T he u rbA n TrAnS po rT p ro feSSIonAl
3.2 URBAN fREIghT
3. Using information and communication technol-
The complexity of city logistics requires close and
ogies as supporting or facilitating tools. The lo-
trustful co-operation between trade, commerce and
gistics industry has already embraced a wide range
industry, freight companies and local authorities. Good
of technologies and applications and reaped major
examples are freight consolidation schemes, where
efficiency gains as a result. This is almost certainly
wholesalers and retailers have changed their delivery
an area with great win-win potential, i.e. where ef-
patterns. Instead of delivering goods to individual re-
ficiency gains go hand in hand with environmental
tailers, various wholesalers deliver their goods to an
benefit through reduced travel distances, fewer
out-of-town logistic centre, from where goods are
vehicle movements, better matching of vehicles to
loaded into a single truck and delivered to the retailers. work and improved levels of load consolidation.
|
a20264eb-0ca9-4fb5-983a-e64bfbff96ce
| 33
|
006ac25f-f2ec-4d1f-bbf1-6a16a4fa60b0
|
https://ec.europa.eu/environment/archives/natres/pdf/final_report_wg1.pdf
| 2,000
|
[
"General",
"Energy service demand reduction and resource efficiency",
"Energy efficiency",
"Renewables",
"Other low-carbon technologies and fuel switch",
"Non-energy use"
] |
ec.europa.eu
|
Thanks too to Marianne Klingbeil, Head of the Unit, and Klaus Koegler, Deputy Head of
Unit, for their active support. Special thanks go to the two Co-Chairs, Mrs. Maria Buitenkamp and Ute Seeling, who
provided much support during the meetings and in between, through their support for the
preparation of this report. Many thanks too to the participating stakeholders, many of
them having invested much efforts in participating to meetings, replying to questionnaires
and providing background material inputs to this report.
|
a5fe6535-9c80-4d16-a22c-92e1e4ed7d30
| 29
|
006acdec-fc2c-4a36-bc12-c613c42a9c10
|
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.01986v2
| 2,019
|
[
"class",
"household",
"travel",
"individual",
"choice"
] |
arxiv.org
|
However, unlike some of the studies cited in previous paragraphs that have been very detailed in their representation of the dynamics underlying group decision-making, we won't be as explicit. That being said, we will be relying on findings from these studies to develop a simpler framework that captures the reciprocal influence of individual and household modality styles on each other and concurrently on different dimensions of observable travel and activity behavior. Existing travel demand modelling practice relies on sequentially nested logit models for a hierarchical representation of different choice dimensions. Lower dimensions, such as travel mode choice, are conditioned on purportedly higher dimensions, such as residential location, creating a vertical chain of inter-connected nests that in their totality represent an individual's travel and activity behaviour. While such a representation is convenient from the standpoint of estimation, it overlooks the concurrent influence of individual and household modality styles on all dimensions of an individual's travel and activity behaviour. In developing a framework that captures the concurrent influence of lifestyles and modality styles on both household-level decisions, such as neighbourhood location, and individuallevel decisions, such as travel mode choices, we propose using the hierarchical Latent Class Choice Model (LCCM) illustrated in Figure 1. Latent classes at the higher level represent household modality styles and latent classes at the lower level represent individual modality styles. We argue that households may be decomposed into discrete segments that differ in their predisposition towards different neighbourhood types and their sensitivity to different neighbourhood attributes. Similarly, household members may be decomposed into discrete segments themselves that differ in their awareness of and proclivity towards different travel modes, and their sensitivity, or lack thereof, to different level-of-service attributes of the transportation system. These differences are indicative of overarching differences in and (4) travel mode choice models. We begin by describing the household class membership model, which predicts the probability that household h belongs to household modality styler, and is formulated as a multinomial logit model:
, where q hr equals one if household h belongs to modality style r, and zero otherwise; 𝐳𝐳 𝐡𝐡 is a vector of characteristics of household h, such as income and household structure; 𝛂𝛂 𝐫𝐫 is a vector of parameters associated with the household's characteristics; and R denotes the number of household modality styles in the sample population. Note that R must be determined exogenously, by estimating models with different numbers of classes and comparing estimation results in terms of both model fit and behavioural interpretation. Residential location is subsequently conditioned on the household's modality style. Let u hj|r be the utility of neighbourhood j for household h, given that the household belongs to latent class r:
, where 𝐱𝐱 𝐣𝐣 is a vector of attributes of neighbourhood j; 𝛃𝛃 𝐫𝐫 is a vector of class-specific parameters denoting sensitivities to each of these attributes; and ε hj|r is the stochastic component of the utility specification, assumed to be i.i.d. Extreme Value across households, neighbourhood s and classes with location zero and scale one. Assuming that all individuals are utility maximizers, the class-specific neighbourhood choice model may be formulated as follows:
, where y hj equals one if household h resides in neighbourhood j, and zero otherwise; and 𝐉𝐉 𝐫𝐫 denotes the set of all neighbourhood s considered by households belonging to class r.
Heterogeneity in the decision-making process is captured by allowing both the taste parameters 𝛃𝛃 𝐫𝐫 and the consideration set 𝐉𝐉 𝐫𝐫 to vary across modality styles. For example, some classes might be more sensitive to land use variables, such as density and diversity, and others might base their decision on other variables, such as quality of schooling or crime rate. Equation (3) may be combined iteratively over all neighbourhood s in the set 𝐉𝐉 𝐫𝐫 to yield the following conditional probability of observing the vector of neighbourhood location choices 𝐲𝐲 𝐡𝐡 for household h:
Moving on to the individual modality styles construct, the probability that individual n from household h has modality style s, conditional on the household belonging to modality style r, is assumed to be multinomial logit, and can be expressed as:
, where g hns equals one if individual n from household h belongs to modality style s, and zero
, where m hndtk equals one if individual n from household h chooses travel mode k over tour Equation ( 7) may be combined iteratively over travel modes, tours and tour purposes to yield the following conditional probability of observing the vector of choices 𝐦𝐦 𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡 :
, where D denotes the number of tour purposes, two in our case; and T hnd denotes the number of observed tours for individual n from household h for tour purpose d. Equation ( 8) may be marginalized over the distribution of individual modality styles to yield the probability function of observing the vector of choices 𝐦𝐦 𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡 , conditional on the household's modality style. This may subsequently be combined iteratively over all individuals belonging to the household, multiplied by equation ( 4), marginalized over the distribution of household modality styles, and iteratively combined over all households in the sample population to yield the following likelihood function:
, where H denotes the number of households in the sample population; and N h denotes the number of individuals that belong to household h. The unknown model parameters 𝛂𝛂, 𝛃𝛃, 𝛄𝛄 and 𝛌𝛌 may be estimated by maximizing the likelihood function given by equation ( 9). However, simultaneous estimation of the full model proved to be computationally The modelling approach is exploratory in that both the number of household and individual modality styles and the behaviour of each modality style emerge naturally from the process of testing different model specifications.
|
2e94d641-5b2d-4dea-bd5e-78fc70344ca5
| 3
|
006e174e-d4a9-4410-a5cd-0a477f198b96
|
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/powering-up-britain/powering-up-britain-net-zero-growth-plan
| 2,023
|
[
"zero",
"energy",
"carbon",
"government",
"emissions"
] |
www.gov.uk
|
Whilst the indicative pathway set out in the NZS remains our view of the most economically advantageous way to meet the Carbon Budgets, and we therefore continue to use it as a means of developing and testing policy, the pathway plays no role in our conclusion that that Carbon Budgets will be met. HMT
(2021), ‘
’
BEIS
(2022), ‘
’
BEIS
(2023), ‘
’
BEIS
(2021), ‘
’
National Grid
ESO
, ‘
’
BEIS
(2022), ‘
’
BEIS
(2023),
July and December 2022 ‘Hydrogen Strategy update to the market’
NSTA
(2022),
Please see the Carbon Budget Delivery Plan for details of our policies and proposals for meeting the carbon budgets. The ‘Meeting carbon budgets’ section of the Carbon Budget Delivery Plan makes clear how we have reached the conclusion that Carbon Budgets will be met. Whilst the indicative pathway set out in the NZS remains our view of the most economically advantageous way to meet the Carbon Budgets, and we therefore continue to use it as a means of developing and testing policy, the pathway plays no role in our conclusion that that Carbon Budgets will be met. This figure has been updated since the NZS publication. DESNZ
analysis (2023), ‘
’. For further details see Sector Modelling in Technical Annex. DESNZ
analysis (2023), ‘
’
DESNZ
analysis (2023), ‘
’. For further details see Sector Modelling in
. Please see the ‘Carbon Budget Delivery Plan’ for details of our policies and proposals for meeting the carbon budgets. The ‘Meeting carbon budgets’ section of the Carbon Budget Delivery Plan makes clear how we have reached the conclusion that Carbon Budgets will be met. Whilst the indicative pathway set out in the NZS remains our view of the most economically advantageous way to meet the Carbon Budgets, and we therefore continue to use it as a means of developing and testing policy, the pathway plays no role in our conclusion that that Carbon Budgets will be met. DLUCH (2022), ‘
’
BEIS
(2021), ‘
’
DESNZ
internal analysis
Heat Networks Industry Council
BEIS
(2021), ‘
’. Includes IA&S in total emissions. Consistent with CB6/NZS analysis. Source:
BEIS
, Energy Consumption in the UK 2021, table U2
Please see the ‘Carbon Budget Delivery Plan’ for details of our policies and proposals for meeting the carbon budgets. The ‘Meeting carbon budgets’ section of the ‘Carbon Budget Delivery Plan’ makes clear how we have reached the conclusion that Carbon Budgets will be met. Whilst the indicative pathway set out in the NZS remains our view of the most economically advantageous way to meet the Carbon Budgets, and we therefore continue to use it as a means of developing and testing policy, the pathway plays no role in our conclusion that that Carbon Budgets will be met. Sustainable Aviation forecasts based on independent analysis conducted by
ICF
consulting firm. Analysis assumes UK
SAF
production costs match or are lower than wider global
SAF
production costs. CCC
(2022), ‘
’,
SMMT
, ‘
’. December saw battery electric vehicles (
BEVs
) claim their largest ever monthly market share, of 32.9%, while for 2022 as a whole they comprised 16.6% of registrations, surpassing diesel for the first time to become the second most popular powertrain after petrol. Please see the Carbon Budget Delivery Plan for details of our policies and proposals for meeting the carbon budgets. The ‘Meeting carbon budgets’ section of the Carbon Budget Delivery Plan makes clear how we have reached the conclusion that Carbon Budgets will be met. Whilst the indicative pathway set out in the NZS remains our view of the most economically advantageous way to meet the Carbon Budgets, and we therefore continue to use it as a means of developing and testing policy, the pathway plays no role in our conclusion that that Carbon Budgets will be met. BEIS
(2021), ‘
’
Please see the ‘Carbon Budget Delivery Plan’ for details of our policies and proposals for meeting the carbon budgets. The ‘Meeting carbon budgets’ section of the Carbon Budget Delivery Plan makes clear how we have reached the conclusion that Carbon Budgets will be met. Whilst the indicative pathway set out in the NZS remains our view of the most economically advantageous way to meet the Carbon Budgets, and we therefore continue to use it as a means of developing and testing policy, the pathway plays no role in our conclusion that that Carbon Budgets will be met. Internal
DESNZ
analysis based on ‘
’. Note this data is based on 80% emission reduction target by 2050, not the current net zero (100% reduction) target, hence likely to be an underestimate. BEIS
(2021), ‘
’
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|
4f56c9d4-84cd-4537-b5e3-427cac0a5852
| 29
|
007014e3-bcc2-44c9-bc00-b0580237fdb0
|
http://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.03650v1
| 2,023
|
[
"equilibrium",
"quota",
"emission",
"firm",
"production"
] |
arxiv.org
|
In the presence of externalities, the social cost of a production or consumption activity does not equal the private cost faced by a firm or agent, and hence the equilibrium need not satisfy the first order conditions for Pareto Optimality. Pigou (1920) proposed levying an add-on tax equal to the difference between the social and private costs, in order to restore the first order conditions. There is a considerable literature on Pigouvian taxation through partial equilibrium analysis. We simply note that the act of levying a tax results in a new equilibrium with different prices, productions and consumptions, and these changes occur throughout the economy, not just in the sector(s) in which the tax is levied. At the new equilibrium, the marginal costs and benefits are different, and while the partial equilibrium analysis suggests that the tax ought to improve outcomes, there is no reason to think that the same tax will restore the first order conditions for Pareto optimality at the new equilibrium.5 Sandmo (1975) initiates a line of research on optimal taxation with externalities through general equilibrium analysis. Subsequent literature applies Sandmo (1975)'s framework to environmental policy, see e.g. Bovenberg and van der Ploeg (1994), Bovenberg and Mooij (1994), Bovenberg and Goulder (1996), Goulder and Williams III (2003), Metcalf (2003), Golosov et al. (2014), Goulder, Hafstead, and Williams (2016), and Goulder et al. (2019). Sandmo (1975) and the subsequent authors6 consider a representative agent model with a single producer with linear technology;
(1) The first-order conditions for Pareto optimal allocations and competitive equilibria are computed separately through solving the Lagrangian. 7 Sandmo (1975) then equates these first-order conditions to determine when a competitive equilibrium allocation is Pareto optimal. The resulting tax rate is called the optimal Pigouvian tax rate. However, due to multiplicity of equilibria, setting the tax rate equal to the optimal Pigouvian tax rate does not necessarily result in Pareto optimal equilibrium, as shown in Example 2. (2) Sandmo (1975) and subsequent authors do not prove the existence of equilibrium at the optimal Pigouvian tax rate. They do not study the welfare properties of equilibria with varying tax rates. In our model, the government may generate revenue by selling the quota it assigns to itself in the quota model, while the government generates tax revenue in the emissions and fuel tax models. In all three models, the government sets a rebate scheme that specifies how its revenues will be distributed to consumers. The government first specifies a quota (along with its allocation between the private firms and the government firm) or a tax rate, and a rebate scheme. At that point, it abstains from further action, allowing market forces (i.e., the Walrasian auctioneer) to determine a price that equilibrates supply and demand. Here is a comparison of our model to the partial equilibrium formulation, and to Pigouvian taxation:
(1) We show in Theorem 1 that, under mild assumptions, given any quota that is consistent with a consumption-production pair, there is an associated quota equilibrium at which the total net pollution emission equals the given quota. The existence is proven by shifting firms' production sets by their prespecified quotas, invoking Proposition 3.2.3 in Florenzano (2003), and showing that the equilibrium in the derived Florenzano's economy is a quota equilibrium in our model. Quota equilibrium allows considerable flexibility in the allocation of emission property rights, ranging from cap and trade equilibrium, in which all emission property rights are vested in private firms, to global quota equilibrium, in which all emission property rights are vested in the government. Example 1 demonstrates that the quota property rights have a major impact on the distribution of welfare among agents;
(2) The desire to regulate pollution emission is driven by an important externality, that a given amount of total emissions results in a corresponding increase in the average global temperature. If there are no other externalities in the economy, then a version of the First Welfare Theorem holds: taking the specified emissions as given, then for any distribution scheme, the resulting equilibrium consumptionproduction pair is constrained Pareto optimal, i.e., Pareto Optimal among the set of all quota-compliant consumption-production pairs with the same total net emissions of regulated commodities, see Theorem 2 and Corollary 1. For a fixed distribution scheme, changing the quota alters the consumers' welfare, and it is possible that the equilibrium consumption-production pair for one quota may Pareto dominate the equilibrium consumption-production plan for a different quota, see Example 1. But once the government has established the quota, no further government intervention is required to achieve constrained Pareto optimality. In particular, changing the rebate scheme may benefit some consumers and disadvantage others, but it cannot result in a Pareto improvement. Although our terminology, discussion and examples in this paper are heavily focused on CO 2 emissions and climate change, our model allows for very general externalities in agents' preferences. In particular, our main existence result (Theorem 1) applies to a wide variety of externalities, including the regulation of other forms of pollution. By essentially the same proof, a generalization of Theorem 2 shows that every quota equilibrium consumption-production pair is Pareto optimal among all quota-compliant consumption-productions pairs that generate the same externality;8
(3) In the quota equilibrium model, the government refrains from further intervention after setting the quota (along with its allocation) and the shareholdings of the government firm. Thus, the equilibrium price for the quota is determined through market forces. Similarly, the equilibrium total net emissions of regulated commodities in the emission tax equilibrium model is determined endogenously through market forces, after the government has set the tax rate and its rebate share to agents;
(4) We show under mild assumptions that every quota equilibrium is an emission tax equilibrium for a carefully chosen government rebate scheme that captures the property rights assignment embedded in the quota. Moreover, every emissions tax equilibrium is a global quota equilibrium, i.e.
|
0901807a-312d-4843-937c-305b53696990
| 1
|
00718c33-8e3a-467f-b63f-6ac76adce5fc
|
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:199:0001:0136:EN:PDF
| 2,008
|
[
"Transport",
"Light-duty vehicles",
"Energy efficiency"
] |
eur-lex.europa.eu
|
. Eighth gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fourth gear
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Overdrive
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fifth gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.13.4. Final drive ratio
1.14. Tyres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
|
d3fc6859-41cb-4ee2-997b-90ebc4f9b481
| 202
|
0076859b-3d22-4386-8b9e-c3c45b707eeb
|
http://arxiv.org/pdf/2504.20620v1
| 2,025
|
[
"Climate change",
"ocean conditions",
"sea level",
"Bay of Bengal",
"monsoon precipitation",
"marine productivity",
"Indian economy",
"Global Climate Models (GCMs)",
"shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs)",
"climate projections",
"reanalysis data",
"root mean square error (RMSE)",
"sea surface temperature (SST)",
"dynamic sea level (DSL)",
"deep learning",
"bias correction",
"EquiDistant Cumulative Distribution Function (EDCDF)",
"climate model",
"historical data",
"future projections",
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"2021-2023",
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"2100."
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arxiv.org
|
5 [◦] C with upwelling signatures, while the UNet-corrected projections show temperatures of ≈ 29 . 5 − 30 [◦] C, potentially affecting upwelling patterns and coastal productivity. Further warming is observed on the eastern coast, with temperatures reaching 30 [◦] C, creating two distinct warming zones in the western and eastern bays. Mode 1 of the raw CNRM-CM6 SST for JJAS explains 93.2% of the total variance and shows the lowest variability in the central bay during the strong influence of monsoon processes). However, the UNet-corrected mode 1 explains only 88.8% of the variance, showing increased variability in the eastern and western regions, suggesting more complex interactions between monsoon and coastal upwelling processes). Like DJF and MAM, PC 1 of JJAS of the raw and UNet-corrected CNRM-CM6 projections show similar variability). In the near-future projections, the raw SST projections show monsoon-induced cooling patterns in the region. The mid-future projections reveal basin-wide warming, where the mid-future SSP2-4.5 shows temperatures 1 [◦] C higher than the near-future raw SSP2-4.5. The far-future reveals the most intense warming changes, with the far-future SSP2-4.5 showing temperatures 2 [◦] C higher than the near-future raw SSP2-4.5. Spatial patterns show significantly weakened monsoon cooling effects, particularly in the northern and central bays. Similarly, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 also show a further warming during the monsoon season. Dynamics implication These changes have profound implications for monsoon dynamics and regional circulation patterns. The warm front of the coastal BoB SST is crucial for the rainfall in central India. This feature is absent in the raw CNRM-CM6). The distribution and magnitude of the warm coastal SST front are increasing in the UNet-corrected monsoon SST, which requires a more detailed analysis of their impact on Indian summer monsoon. The monsoon cooling effect, traditionally strongest in the northern bay, appears substantially weakened, potentially impacting the monsoon progression as the north-south temperature gradient that typically drives the monsoon circulation becomes more pronounced. The increase in basin-wide temperatures could modify atmospheric moisture content and convection patterns, potentially leading to more intense but spatially irregular rainfall). The warming pattern in the eastern bay could affect the formation and propagation of monsoon depressions, while the reduced temperature gradients along the western boundary could affect coastal upwelling and associated biological productivity. These changes suggest a fundamental modification of the monsoon system, with potential implications for regional climate and marine ecosystems. The JJAS SST projections suggest significant changes in the SST pattern that affect SMC. The near-future SST projections) show an amplified warming in the region 8 [◦] N-12 [◦] N, where the SMC typically manifests the strongest.
|
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| 18
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007dddea-b6ac-484d-99c1-2f52b1c86814
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https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/GBR/2023/energy-act-2023_87896593a3bea76cf3ac89af17aba308.pdf
| 2,023
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[
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cdn.climatepolicyradar.org
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(7) ESOS regulations may make provision enabling a list or register of persons who may, or who may not, be appointed as an assessor for the purposes of subsection (2) to be (8) ESOS regulations may confer functions or impose requirements on a person responsible for maintaining a designated list or register and may in particular include (a) about the process for including a person in a list or register; (b) about the details to be included in a list or register; (c) for ensuring those details remain up to date; (d) about the publication of a list or register; (e) for the purpose of ensuring that a person included in a list or register continues to meet the criteria for appointment as an assessor; (f) for the purpose of ensuring the quality of ESOS assessments; (g) about the temporary or permanent removal of a person from a list or register (9) The regulations may make provision authorising a scheme administrator to share reports, notices or other information relating to an energy savings opportunity scheme with a designated body for the purposes referred to in subsection (8)(e) or (f). Part 11 – Energy Savings Opportunity Schemes Chapter 3 – Licensing of load control Document 2024-10-14 This version of this Act contains provisions that are prospective. Changes to There are currently no known outstanding effects for the Energy Act 2023. (See end of Document for details) (10) ESOS regulations may make provision— (a) enabling the Secretary of State or a scheme administrator to give a direction relating to the maintenance of a list or register; (b) requiring a person responsible for maintaining a list or register to comply with I320 S. 257 in force at Royal Assent, see s. 334(2)(m) (1) ESOS regulations may require participants to produce ESOS action plans. (2) An “ESOS action plan” is a written statement of— (a) any action a participant proposes to take for the purpose of achieving energy savings or emissions reductions; (b) any energy savings or emissions reductions targets a participant intends to (3) Where an ESOS action plan does not include any proposals for taking such action or any such targets, provision made by virtue of subsection (1) may require that a participant include an explanation in the plan. (4) ESOS regulations may make provision about the production of ESOS action plans, including in particular provision about— (a) when a participant must produce a plan; (b) the period to which a plan must relate; (c) the form and content of a plan; (d) the matters that must be taken into account in producing a plan. (5) ESOS regulations may make provision about the publication of ESOS action plans. I321 S. 258 in force at Royal Assent, see s. 334(2)(m) 259 Action to achieve energy savings or emissions reductions (1) ESOS regulations may make provision— (a) imposing requirements (other than the requirements referred to in paragraph (b)) on participants so as to encourage them to— (i) take specified action for the purpose of achieving energy savings or (ii) achieve specified energy savings or emissions reductions, or (b) requiring participants to— (i) take specified action for the purpose of achieving energy savings or (ii) achieve specified energy savings or emissions reductions. Part 11 – Energy Savings Opportunity Schemes Chapter 3 – Licensing of load control Document 2024-10-14 This version of this Act contains provisions that are prospective. Changes to There are currently no known outstanding effects for the Energy Act 2023. (See end of Document for details) (2) The kinds of action that may be specified for the purposes of subsection (1) are— (a) taking action in accordance with a recommendation made in an ESOS (b) taking action in accordance with an ESOS action plan; (c) taking any other action of a specified kind; (d) taking action to achieve a target included in an ESOS action plan; (e) taking action to achieve any other specified outcome; (f) adopting processes, practices or systems of a specified kind; (g) conforming to specified standards. (3) The provision that may be made by virtue of subsection (1)(a) includes in particular— (a) provision requiring a participant to report— (i) on whether the participant has taken the specified action, or on the steps taken by the participant towards doing so, or (ii) on whether the participant has achieved the specified energy savings or emissions reductions, or on the progress made by the participant (b) provision requiring a participant to provide an explanation for any of the matters mentioned in paragraph (a). (4) Provision made by virtue of subsection (1) (b) may include a requirement for a participant to report on action taken or energy savings or emissions reductions (5) Regulations made by virtue of subsection (1) may make provision— (a) requiring participants to produce and retain evidence; (b) about the verification of matters about which the participant has reported; (c) about the publication of reports. (a) specify the requirements imposed on a participant by virtue of subsection (1) by reference to a cost-benefit analysis; (b) specify circumstances in which a participant is required to take action; (c) impose a requirement to take a specified action on all participants in an energy savings opportunity scheme, or on all participants of a specified description. I322 S. 259 in force at Royal Assent, see s. 334(2)(m) Administration, enforcement and appeals (1) ESOS regulations may appoint one or more public authorities to carry out functions (a) administering an energy savings opportunity scheme; (b) monitoring compliance with, and enforcing requirements imposed by, the
Part 11 – Energy Savings Opportunity Schemes Chapter 3 – Licensing of load control Document 2024-10-14 This version of this Act contains provisions that are prospective. Changes to There are currently no known outstanding effects for the Energy Act 2023.
|
4808927e-67c0-4e83-803d-e07fd0d4a019
| 95
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007ec7e0-d637-479d-b038-5dfb4adc55dd
|
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:31991L0676
| 1,991
|
[
"Agriculture and forestry",
"Agricultural N2O",
"Energy service demand reduction and resource efficiency",
"Non-energy use"
] |
eur-lex.europa.eu
|
Article 10
1. Member States shall, in respect of the four-year period following the notification of this Directive and in respect of each subsequent four-year period, submit a report to the Commission containing the information outlined in Annex V. 2. A report pursuant to this Article shall be submitted to the Commission within six months of the end of the period to which it relates. Article 11
On the basis of the information received pursuant to Article 10, the Commission shall publish summary reports within six months of receiving the reports from Member States and shall communicate them to the European Parliament and to the Council. In the light of the implementation of the Directive, and in particular the provisions of Annex III, the Commission shall submit to the Council by 1 January 1998 a report accompanied where appropriate by proposals for revision of this Directive. Article 12
1. The Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive within two years of its notification (1). They shall forthwith inform the Commission thereof. 2. When Member States adopt these measures, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. The methods of making such a reference shall be laid down by the Member States. 3. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the texts of the provisions of national law which they adopt in the field governed by this Directive. Article 13
This Directive is addressed to the Member States.
|
3bfb3caf-f010-48ac-a6b2-affa1aa11973
| 18
|
007fd107-8a75-47a2-9f1a-0a97f3f357ea
|
https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-01/UK%27s%202035%20NDC%20ICTU.pdf
| 2,025
|
[
"climate",
"change",
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unfccc.int
|
The Department for the Economy (DfE) has worked in collaboration across both the public and private sector, including a cross-departmental steering group and a Circular Economy Coalition (an advisory panel established in 2021) to drive forward progress on a Circular Economy Strategy. The draft Circular Economy Strategy for Northern Ireland was published for consultation in January 2023. The Strategy which requires Ministerial and NI Executive approval is expected to be finalised and approved later in 2025. It sets out a vision to create an innovative, sustainable and regionally balanced economy focused on People, Planet and Prosperity, where responsible production and consumption is at its core. Scotland’s Circular Economy Act 2024141 passed unanimously by the Scottish Parliament establishes a legislative framework to support Scotland’s transition to a zero waste and circular economy, significantly increase reuse and recycling rates, and modernise and improve waste and recycling services. The Act requires that Scottish Ministers publish a statutory circular economy strategy and make regulations to set circular economy targets, which will build on Scotland’s earlier Making Things Last strategy.142 The Welsh Government has consulted on a new Circular Economy Strategy143. This proposed a range of actions which seek to keep resources in use for longer and avoid waste. The final Strategy will be published in the coming months. The Welsh Government is also stimulating innovation through its Circular Economy Funds, awarding around £40m to businesses and publicly funded bodies to date. 140 Northern Waste Prevention Programme Stopping Waste in its tracks 141 Circular Economy (Scotland) Act 2024 142 Making Things a circular economy strategy for Scotland (2016) 143 Circular Economy Strategy
UK’s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution Jersey’s Carbon Neutral Roadmap makes a commitment to behavioural change campaigns to consider and reduce all emissions associated with Islanders’ lives. Jersey-specific carbon literacy training has been developed, one specific focus of work is the plan for zero avoidable waste in construction. Biosphere Isle of Man run sessions for schools on all aspects of sustainability throughout the year and offer support in the formation of student-led eco-councils and sustainability initiatives. The Biosphere IOM Partner programme encourages businesses and other organisations to pledge their commitment to Biosphere objectives – conservation of biodiversity and culture, sustainable human and economic development, and research and learning – aiming to create a ripple effect with those organisations’ employees and clients. Biosphere IOM also oversees the Sustainable Mann initiative, which includes an annual series of workshops covering various aspects of sustainability (e.g. waste and recycling, biodiversity, emissions reduction) and the freely available Sustainable Mann toolkit144 to support organisations on their sustainability journey. Both programmes are provided for free. Gibraltar is committed to delivering deliver a Materials Sorting Facility to maximize separation and recycling of waste and contribute to the circular economy. The 25 Year Environment Plan,145 which is currently out for public consultation, includes a chapter on healthy and sustainable cities, focusing on active travel and sustainable development. The UK government will introduce a comprehensive Clean Air Strategy to deliver existing statutory targets including a series of interventions to reduce emissions, which supports promotion of the right to health, as referenced in the Paris Agreement. 144 Isle of Sustainable Mann toolkit 145 Gibraltar 25 Year Environment Plan
UK’s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution The UK government’s work to decarbonise transport as set out in section 4a(i) will deliver significant reductions in air pollution and improve people’s health. The UK government continues to work with local authorities to deliver air quality measures to meet legal limits for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and improve the In relation to emissions from industrial installations, the UK government will continue to use the mechanism of UK Best Available Techniques (BAT)146, to prevent and reduce emissions to air, water and land. The BAT approach ensures pollution, including by greenhouse gases, is reduced over time by defining the available techniques which are the best for preventing or minimising emissions and impacts on the environment which then shape environmental permits for industry. DAERA launched a consultation on a Discussion Document on a Clean Air Strategy for Northern Ireland147 in November 2020 and published the synopsis of responses148 in June 2022. Work is ongoing to develop Northern Ireland’s first Clean Air Strategy taking into account the consultation responses. The Scottish Government published its Cleaner Air for Scotland strategy149 in 2015 setting out a series of actions for improving air quality across a wide range of policy areas. Following an independent review of the strategy in 2019150, which made recommendations for additional action on air pollution, a new strategy, Cleaner Air for Scotland 2: Towards a Better Place for Everyone, was published in July 2021151 which sets out Scotland’s air quality policy framework for the period 2021 to 2026 with a continued focus on delivery of co-benefits for air pollutant and greenhouse gas reductions. 146 UK Best Available Techniques (BAT) 147 Northern Clean Air Strategy 148 Northern Public Synopsis of Responses to the Clean Air Strategy 149 Cleaner air for the road to a healthier future (2015) 150 Cleaner Air Strategy Independent Review 151 Cleaner Air for Scotland 2 - Towards a Better Place for Everyone
UK’s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution The Clean Air Plan for Healthy Air, Healthy Wales sets the Welsh Government’s commitment and long-term ambition to improve air quality, and the steps it will take to deliver this152. A long-term vision for Jersey was produced in 2017 through the ‘Island Outcome Indicators’153 and includes clean air within its statement. In 2019, Guernsey’s Environmental Pollution (Air Pollution) Ordinance154 was enacted, which sets local ambient air quality standards and allows greater environmental regulation of point source emitters including, but not limited to, through licensing prescribed operations, placing limits on the sulphur content of fuels and restricting burning in the open air. Isle of Man’s air quality monitoring increased to include NO2 and SO2 at over 60 sites around the Island, with data published monthly.
|
59308dea-73bb-46e4-bcf3-dbb7b15f9dca
| 13
|
007ff9d0-1501-4334-972c-14faa2a2add9
|
https://www.ecolex.org/details/legislation/departments-transfer-of-functions-order-northern-ireland-2016-si-no-76-of-2016-lex-faoc153371/?type=legislation&xsubjects=Mineral+resources&page=686
| 2,016
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[
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ecolex.org
|
Certain functionsalso transferred from the Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure and the Office of the First Minister and deputy First Minister to the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development. legislation involved includes: the Planning Act (Northern Ireland) 2011, the Water and Sewerage Services (Northern Ireland) Order 2006, the Reservoirs Act (Northern Ireland) 2015, Water (Northern Ireland) Order 1999, the Fisheries Act (Northern Ireland) 1966, and the Land Acquisition and Compensation (Northern Ireland) Order.
|
4cd499bb-8d21-4172-a9d1-54371dafd640
| 1
|
008140a9-2d7c-4b63-a78b-3133a559d0d9
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https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/GBR/1900/united-kingdom-national-communication-nc-nc-8-biennial-reports-br-br-5_288d5f885869447df3e9910829b567a3.pdf
| 2,022
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[
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cdn.climatepolicyradar.org
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Since parties to the UNFCCC committed to providing new and additional fast-start finance from 2010, the scale up in climate finance has been accompanied by a significant scale up in UK ODA from £7.3 billion in 2009 to £15.2 billion in 2019. UK Climate Finance committments therefore represents a new, dedicated climate commitment which is additional to historic ODA levels. We have furthered this commitment through an announcement made in 2019 of £11.6bn in ICF from 2021-2025. The UK has categorised spend to multilaterals and bilaterals as ‘committed’. The reported finance is the amount recorded as spent for UK Government budgetary purposes. Therefore we do not account for spend that has been pledged or committed for future years, but we do account for spend using promissory notes. These represent a legal promise for the UK to provide to total value of the promissory note, to the note’s recipient. 4: Funding source The UK has reported annual spend from its ODA budget that it has assessed as having clear climate change objectives. 5: Financial instrument The UK has provided the majority of it's climate finance via grants. The exceptions to this are five bilateral contributions that are marked as equity, one bilateral contribution marked as equity/grant and one bilateral contribution marked as a loan. The spend for these instruments is accounted for in accordance with OECD-DAC requirements. 6: Type of support All of reported UK climate finance is ODA. As part of our return, the UK has reported reflows of climate finance for example due to programmes closing down or no longer requiring UK finance. These reflows count as negative ODA and therefore affect the overall spend totals. We have grouped these reflows under the appropriate thematic area in order to properly account for their impact on the 7: Sector The UK has reported the same sector for each programme as per its overall ODA reporting to the OECD-DAC that took place earlier in the year. Provision of public financial summary information in 2020 2020 Domestic currency (£m) USD ($m) Allocation channels Core/general Climate-specific Core/general Climate-specific Other Mitigation Adaptation Cross-cutting Other Total contributions through multilateral Multilateral climate change funds 62.5 243.75 243.75 80.12820513 312.5 312.5 0 Other multilateral climate change funds 33.5 1 42.94871795 1.28 Multilateral financial institutions, including regional development banks 1,242.38 1,592.79 Specialised United Nations bodies 87.84 2.81 112.62 3.602564103 Total contributions through bilateral, regional and other channels 424.30 379.52 543.974359 486.56 Total climate specific by funding type (total for mitigation, adaptation, crosscutting, other) 701.55 623.27 3.81 899.42 799.06 4.88 Total climate specific finance 1328.63 1703.37 2020 Exchange rate $1 = £0.780 (source: Annual exchange rates for DAC donor countries) Provision of information on definitions or methodologies used for reporting information in the following reporting 1: Core/general The UK has reported the core contributions it has made to the listed multilaterals, plus some other contributions. These contributions are to the core budget and the UK cannot specify these as 2: Climate-specific The UK has reported climate specific contributions through multilateral channels. For the Green Climate Fund, we have counted 100% of our contribution as climate specific. For the Global Environment Facility, this has a wider remit than climate and therefore have accounted for this in the amount scored as climate specific. For the purposes of reporting we have scored these climate specific contributions as split 50% adaption and 50% mitigation. Our contributions through other channels are identfied as climate specific as they are assessed as having clear climate change objectives. Building on the provision of £3.87 billion in International Climate Finance (ICF) between 2011/12- 2015/16, the UK committed to further scale up climate finance to at least £5.8 billion between 2016/17-2020/21. We have furthered this commitment through an announcement made in 2019 of £11.6bn in ICF from 2021-2025. The UK has categorised spend to multilaterals and bilaterals as ‘committed’. The reported finance is the amount recorded as spent for UK Government budgetary purposes. Therefore we do not account for spend that has been pledged or committed for future years, but we do account for spend using promissory notes. These represent a legal promise for the UK to provide to total value of the promissory note, to the note’s recipient. 4: Funding source The UK has reported annual spend from its ODA budget that it has assessed as having clear climate change objectives. 5: Financial instrument The UK has provided the majority of it's climate finance via grants. The exceptions to this are two bilateral contributions that are marked as equity, one bilateral contribution marked as equity/grant and one bilateral contribution marked as a loan. The spend for these instruments is accounted for in accordance with OECD-DAC requirements. 6: Type of support All of reported UK climate finance is ODA. As part of our return, the UK has reported reflows of climate finance for example due to programmes closing down or no longer requiring UK finance. These reflows count as negative ODA and therefore affect the overall spend totals. We have grouped these reflows under the appropriate thematic area in order to properly account for their impact on the 7: Sector The UK has reported the same sector for each programme as per its overall ODA reporting to the OECD-DAC that took place earlier in the year. Provision of public financial contribution through multilateral channels in 2019 Donor funding Total amount Status Funding source Financial Core/general Climate specific Provided, Multilateral climate change funds 1. Global Environment Facility 25.00 31.93 12.38 15.81 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Unspecified 2. Least Developed Countries Fund 12.38 15.81 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Unspecified 3. Special Climate Change Fund 6. UNFCCC Trust Fund for Supplementary Activities 7. Other multilateral climate change funds i) Global Green Growth Insitute 4.79 6.11 Committed ODA Grant Cross-cutting Unspecified ii) Climate Investment Funds- Clean Technology Fund 166.50 212.64 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Unspecified Sub-total 25.00 31.93 196.05 250.38 Multilateral financial institutions, including regional 1. World Bank 959.43 1,225.32 Committed ODA Grant Unspecified 2. International Finance Corporation 3.
|
e6994b55-18ee-49c8-92db-2261135aea96
| 247
|
00888121-b427-4e97-8db2-88268cdefc14
|
https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/GBR/1900/uk-net-zero-strategy-build-back-greener_807a7bbb4df0326606e1552618bffc6f.pdf
| 2,021
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[
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cdn.climatepolicyradar.org
|
Wastewater emissions will decrease due to improved treatment processes and expected data improvements. Water company research and investment into reducing process emissions from wastewater treatment plants will result in reductions in municipal process emissions via alternative treatment processes such as anaerobic treatment, membrane activated biofilm reactors, alternative ammonia removal processes and nature-based solutions. Improvements in the way companies, and government, report on industrial emissions, and the way they are calculated, are also likely to result in reductions Net Zero Build Back Greener
50. Government will continue to impose the requirements of the F-gas Regulation, which covers England, Wales and Scotland. The regulation requires a range of measures to reduce emissions, including controls on gas placed on the market, product bans, leak checks and mandatory certification for handlers of F-gases. These actions will help us to meet the Kigali Amendment target of reducing HFC consumption by 85% by 2036, as well as the F-gas Regulation’s target of a 51. A review of the F-gas Regulation has commenced and is due to complete no later than 2022. This will be used to assess whether we can go further than the current requirements and international commitments, including by looking at what additional reductions in F-gas use can be made to help Chapter 3 – Reducing Emissions across the Economy
Working together across the UK Examples of policy action by the Scottish Government, Welsh Government and Northern Ireland Executive UK Government is working across all levels of government and with Devolved Administrations to ensure consistent action to reduce emissions across the Natural Resources, Waste and F-Gases sectors, and In November 2020, the Welsh Government published its National Peatland Action Programme to target peatland bodies most in need of restoration, with the aim of delivering 600-800 ha of restoration per year. also safeguard those in good and recovering condition. Activity will be delivered by Natural Resources Wales and partners across a range of land uses on both private and public land. When the Senedd first sat in 1999, Wales recycled less than 5% of its municipal waste. In 2020, Wales highest ever recycling rate of over 65% put it third in the world, with This success is due to a truly collective effort by local authorities, communities and households, while the Welsh Government has set targets and funded infrastructure. Food waste is collected from every household and recycling centres are evolving into modern eco-parks where businesses and enterprises capture the value in materials and keep The Scottish Government has set ambitious targets to restore 250,000 ha of peatland by 2030 and for 18,000 ha of new woodlands to be created annually by 2024/25, with woodland cover increased from around 19% to 21% of the total area of Scotland by 2032. Scottish Forestry and Forestry and Land Scotland will work with investors, carbon buyers, landowners, and market intermediaries to increase private investment in new woodlands to increase the woodland carbon market by at least 50% by 2025. I n its recent Programme for Government, the Scottish Government allocated an additional £150 million for forestry and woodland Scottish Forestry will use £100 million of this to support new tree planting; and Forestry and Land Scotland will use £30 million to expand Scotland’s national forests and land, and £20 million to invest in modernising nursery facilities to increase tree A new Scottish Agriculture Bill will be brought forward in 2023 to replace the EU Common Agricultural Policy. Co-development and co-design with rural partners will be central to the development of future support structures and delivery. The Agriculture Reform Implementation Oversight Board (ARIOB) will be asked to incorporate recommendations from farmer-led groups, into the work implementing policy reform. These groups were established to develop proposals to cut emissions across agriculture, support sustainable and high quality food production, and design a new support system. A preliminary package of funded measures will be agreed COP26, and the ARIOB will also consider responses to the public consultation launched in August on the same themes. Net Zero Build Back Greener
The Forests for our Future Programme aims to plant 18 million trees by 2030 to create 9,000 ha of new woodland. The programme will improve the resilience of Northern Ireland’s forests and woodlands and increase their contribution to a sustainable, healthy environment; increase the contribution of forests and woodlands to Northern Ireland’s sustainable and inclusive economic growth; and increase the use of Northern Ireland’s forest resources to enable more people to improve their health, wellbeing, and Legislative provisions to help to limit emissions from F-gases (which have a high greenhouse warming potential) and ozone depleting substances have also been brought into operation in Northern Ireland. Chapter 3 – Reducing Emissions across the Economy
Balancing residual emissions to achieve net zero • Set the ambition of deploying at least 5 MtCO2/year of engineered removals by 2030, in line with CCC85 and National Infrastructure Commission assessments.86 • Deliver £100 million innovation funding for Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage • Develop markets and incentives for investment in greenhouse gas removal methods, by consulting on our preferred business models to incentivise early • Working in partnership with the devolved administrations, we will aim to launch a call for evidence in the coming months exploring the role of the UK ETS as a potential long-term market for GGRs, as part of our upcoming consultation on the UK ETS. • Explore options for regulatory oversight to provide robust monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) of GGRs, following the recommendations of the BEIS-led MRV Task & Finish Group involving experts from industry and academia. • Seek an amendment to the Climate Change Act to enable engineered removals to contribute to UK carbon budgets. 1. The primary method of achieving net zero is to take ambitious decarbonisation measures across society. However, we must also acknowledge that sectors such as industry, agriculture and aviation will be difficult to decarbonise completely by 2050.
|
23d06bea-fd9c-4b53-9b9a-c35258d49ad9
| 57
|
009056e4-861e-46ba-8011-1c1ad162f873
|
http://arxiv.org/pdf/2207.12199v3
| 2,022
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[
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arxiv.org
|
curve shown is the Bayesian model average, that is, the seven impact functions are weighted according to their fit to the primary estimates. The 90% confidence interval shown is based on the uncertainty reported in 14 of the primary estimates, following Tol (2018, see also Tol (2012, 2015)). The lower and upper bound is estimated separately as a linear function of the temperature increase, using weighted least squares as above. Compared to my previous meta-analysis based on the same methods (Tol, 2019a), Figure 1 shows a very different picture. The number of estimates has more than doubled. The number of estimates beyond 3.2℃ of warming has increased tenfold. As there is a nonnegligible chance of large warming, the previous paucity of evidence allowed for speculation about the expected impact of climate change (Weitzman, 2009, Anthoff andTol, 2022). The central estimate of the impact of global warming is always negative, but the confidence interval is too wide to put much confidence in that. The wider confidence interval, compared to Tol (2019a), is mostly due to the range of uncertainties reported by Howard andSylvan (2020-09, 2021-07). The central estimate is higher because of the positive impacts reported by Desmet and Rossi-Hansberg (2015) and Newell et al. (2021) for substantial global warming. Enumerative studies report positive impacts of climate change due to reduced costs of heating in winter, lower cold-related mortality, and carbon dioxide fertilization. In Desmet and Rossi-Hansberg (2015), the positive impacts are in manufacturing. 4 There is no sectoral breakdown in Newell et al. (2021); the positive impacts are in specifications that relate economic growth to the temperature level (see below). Researchers disagree on the sign of the net impact, but agree on the order of magnitude: The welfare loss (or gain) caused by climate change is equivalent to the welfare loss caused by an income drop of at most ten percent-a century of climate change is not worse than losing a decade of economic growth. The uncertainty is large and right-skewed. For every degree warming, the positive standard deviation increases by 1.02% GDP while the negative standard deviation increases by 1.43% GDP. That is, negative surprises are larger than positive surprises of equal probability. Figure 1 suggests that different methods yield different results. Figure B2 shows the curve fitted separately by method used for the primary impact estimate. Instead of using the Bayesian average, the curve with the best fit is shown because there are not enough observations to estimate so many parameters if the sample is split into four. The elicitation studies are most pessimistic, the econometric studies most optimistic about the impacts of climate change. The enumerative and general equilibrium papers lie in between, with the former more pessimistic for moderate warming and less pessimistic for more profound warming. Although the central estimates are different, the uncertainty is so large that differences do not become statistically significant from zero before 4℃ of warming. Eight studies show sectoral impacts in tabular format. 5 The results are shown in Table 3 for 2.5℃ global warming. The estimates by Sartori and Roson (2016) and Kompas et al. (2018) are scaled using the function shown in Figure 1. The different studies have different sectoral cover, which I mapped to the sectors shown in Table 3. Following Tol (2019c), where a particular study omits a certain sector, I impute its value with the average of the studies that do include this impact. The following results emerge. "Other markets" is the biggest impact. Although recorded in an obscure way, this is primarily the impact of heat on labour productivity. Health impacts come second, followed by amenity, extreme weather, and agriculture. Only the impact of climate change on time use is positive. Overall, market impacts make up 55% of the total, while the remaining 45% directly affect welfare. On average, imputation of missing impacts increases the total impact estimate by 63%. The study by Tol (1995) is most complete, Sartori and Roson (2016) least. The estimates in Figure 1 therefore appear to be underestimates of the true impact. Figure 1 shows the global average impact of climate change. 18 of the 33 studies include estimates of the regional impacts of climate change or national impact estimates. Following ?, I regress the estimated regional impact on per capita income and average annual temperature, with dummies α s for the studies. This yields
where I c is the impact in country c (in %GDP), y c is its average income (in 2010 market exchange dollars per person per year), and T c is the average annual temperature (in degrees Celsius); the bracketed numbers are standard errors. Hotter countries have more negative impacts. Richer countries have relatively less negative impacts. 6 For each of the studies, this equation is used to impute national impacts, making sure that the regional or global totals match those in the original estimates. The function shown in Figure 1 is then used to shift all impacts to 2.5℃warming. 7 For each country, the average and standard deviation across studies is taken. Figure 5 shows results for individual countries for 2.5℃ warming. Hotter countries, poorer countries see more negative impacts. In fact, the majority of countries show a larger damage than the global average of 1.7%. This is because the world economy is concentrated in a few, rich countries. The world average economic impact counts dollars, rather than countries, let alone people. Poorer countries are more vulnerable to climate change for three reasons. First, poorer countries have a higher share of their economic activity in sectors, such as agriculture, that are directly exposed to the vagaries of weather. Second, poorer countries tend to be in hotter places. This makes adaptation more difficult as there are no analogues for human behaviour and technology. Cities in temperate climates need to look at subtropical cities to discover how to cope in a warmer climate, and subtropical cities at tropical ones. The hottest cities will need to invent, from scratch, how to deal with greater heat.
|
4c1b9656-c0c3-4a15-bdab-56744f21c180
| 1
|
0096d85b-9e47-4f22-a945-19da628cf6c5
|
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1009448/decarbonising-transport-a-better-greener-britain.pdf
| 2,021
|
[
"transport",
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assets.publishing.service.gov.uk
|
Buses are the easiest, quickest, and cheapest way to improve public transport. Our National Bus Strategy, this March, charted a new path lower, simpler fares, more frequent buses, services which are easier to understand and use, more bus priority lanes and thousands more zero emission buses.
|
8f0273a5-decd-4a43-ab49-4f3473699e66
| 56
|
0097843d-988c-4da7-862d-48ebac80f6db
|
https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/GBR/2024/united-kingdom-biennial-transparency-report-btr1_0e77f9e4d928e6e9d64ea26cd95945e1.pdf
| 2,024
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cdn.climatepolicyradar.org
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In turn, this will help accelerate global climate action in line with the Paris Agreement, and progress on the Sustainable Development Goals In November 2023, a £40m scale-up of the Transforming Energy Access (TEA) platform was included in the UK announcement476 at COP28 in Dubai, to facilitate clean energy demonstrators funded by FCDO Country Posts and to scale-up work on sustainable cooling and energy efficiency. So far, new demonstrators have been agreed in Tanzania, the Pacific and Indonesia, with additional demonstrators currently in design in Zambia, Somalia, and Rwanda, showing strong uptake on the This financial year 2023/24, £9.1m was awarded to 16 innovation projects via Energy Catalyst Round 10477, that started from April 2024, and to improve clean 465 Our strategic partnerships - Shell Foundation 466 Acumen's investment portfolio 467 GSMA Innovation Fund | Mobile for Development 468 Global Innovation Fund | Improving lives through social innovation 469 Industrial Decarbonization | Program Profile | ESMAP 470 Building Impactful The role of Institutional Support - Shell Foundation 471 Mirova announces first closing of Mirova Gigaton strategy 472 Access Financing for Your Next Project | Odyssey Energy Solutions 473 Cavex | Climate finance with impact 474 Home - The Global Distributors Collective 475 Crowdfunding energy access- State of the market report 2022 476 PM to call for ‘era of action’ at COP28 climate summit - GOV.UK 477 Round 10 - Energy Catalyst
energy access in 11 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and the Indo- Pacific (including Fiji, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia). This is part of a broader UK government investment of £40.3m in 67 innovation projects to be funded by the FCDO and the UK Department for Science, Innovation and Technology. It includes 4 projects funded by the Tanzania British High Commission via the new TEA In November 2023, a £15m scale-up of the UK’s Modern Energy Cooking Services (MECS) programme was included in the UK’s Ayrton Fund announcement478 at COP28 in Dubai, to facilitate clean energy demonstrators funded by FCDO Country Posts. So far, new demonstrators have been agreed in Tanzania and Uganda to scale-up and demonstrate eCooking from April 2024. 4.5.9 Support for the development and enhancement of endogenous capacities and technologies of developing Through the UK’s Ayrton Fund programming, the UK has been supporting the endogenous capacities of developing The UK’s Clean Climate Growth (CCG) Fund launched a new partnership with the International Energy Agency (IEA) on their Affordable and Sustainable Energy System for Sub-Saharan Africa programme479, which provides support to selected countries to improve their data management and long-term planning to facilitate development of low-carbon energy systems. CCG will provide training in its modelling tools to government officials in target countries such as Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Uganda, Zambia, etc. BRILHO is a country programme that catalyses private sector investment and innovation, and government support in Mozambique, to increase energy access through supply of household solar, mini-grids and improved cooking • The programme has provided technical support to the government of Mozambique in drafting the regulatory framework for off-grid areas, making Mozambique a more attractive market for investors in the renewable energy • In 2023/24, BRILHO held workshops480 with government and industry representatives in the areas of leadership, gender equality and social inclusion, and women's empowerment. These sought to strengthen the capacity of institutions in the energy sector to create a gender-sensitive, inclusive, and conducive environment for the implementation of business 478 PM to call for ‘era of action’ at COP28 climate summit - GOV.UK 479 Energy Sub-Saharan Africa – Programmes - IEA
models that tackle the needs of vulnerable people and increase the representation of women in the energy sector value chain. UK support to Mission Efficiency funded the development of three innovation roadmaps under the Ayrton Fund’s Industrial Decarbonisation challenge in Brazil, Kenya, and Vietnam. It also funded a publicly accessible toolkit481 that facilitates more integrated support on energy efficiency by identifying priority sectors by country and leveraging existing tools from partner programs and platforms, as well as other leading institutions around the world. 4.5.10 Efforts to encourage private sector activities related to technology development and transfer and how such efforts support developing country Parties Our ICF programmes are having a global impact, as set out in our published annual International Climate Finance (ICF) results482. Since 2011 UK ICF has leveraged £7.8 billion of private finance for climate change. Examples of UK efforts to encourage private sector activity through Ayrton Fund 4.5.10.1Transforming Energy Access (TEA) platform • Between 2016 and 2024, the £265m FCDO Transforming Energy Access483 (TEA) platform, which invests in early-stage testing and scale-up of new clean energy technologies and business models for developing countries, leveraged £1.5 billion in additional investment into clean energy research, innovation and scale-up from both public and private sources. • TEA-supported innovators have gone on to raise significant investment capital, including for example Sheffield-based Mobile Power484 who developed an innovative battery swapping and distribution system in use in Sierra Leone, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia, Uganda, Zambia, Gambia and Nigeria and have raised over £5m in follow on investment. Mobile Power have rented their portable batteries over 16 million times to date and have 55,000 active customers who use these batteries to power electric motorbikes, for phone charging, lightening, and for powering small DC appliances such as • Another example of a TEA-supported innovator is Wales-based SureChill485 who developed a unique cooling technology approved by the World Health Organisation that ensures a refrigerator remains perfectly cool during any power outage, and who raised over £7 million in follow on investment. 481 Toolkit - Mission Efficiency 482 UK International Climate Finance results 2024 483 Transforming Energy Access (TEA) - supporting renewable energy projects, energy access and green technologies in Africa and Asia. 484 MOPO — Redefining energy and transport in Africa 485
SureChill refrigerators are used in several countries in Sub-Saharan Africa including Kenya, Senegal, Nigeria, Zambia, and Mali.
|
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| 230
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00a359ed-dec2-40f9-9f56-e5231223e3c0
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https://www.gov.uk//government/publications/industrial-energy-transformation-fund-ietf-phase-3-spring-2024
| 2,024
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gov.uk
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Changes in IETF Phase 3 from previous phases include
The government response to the recent IETF Phase 3 consultation provides more detail of changes to the IETF. Eligible lead applicants
Your business must operate an existing site which falls into one of the following SIC codes
Eligible industrial processes SICcodes
Mining and quarrying 1 07100 through to 08990 and 09900
Manufacturing 10000 through to 33200
Recovery and recycling of materials 383208 2
Data centre 63110
Industrial Laundries 3 96010
Controlled Environment Horticulture CEH 4 1110, 1130, 1190, 1240, 1250, 1280, 1290, 1300, 1610
Notes
1 This excludes activities related to the extraction of gas or petroleum. This also excludes coal and lignite mining operations. 2 Activities associated with producing energy from waste are not eligible. Further details are provided in the technical eligibility section. 3 This excludes laundrettes and other domestic-focused activities. 4 Activities supporting crops for human food consumption, where these are grown in indoor production systems with the technology to precisely control multiple environmental parameters such as greenhouses, vertical farms plant factories. Wider agricultural or ornamental horticulture activities such as forestry, fishing, flower production, growing of medicinal plants, pastoral farming and arable farming outside of controlled indoor environments, and low-tech protected environment horticulture for example polytunnels are not eligible for support from the IETF. Please check the SIC code you were allocated at the time of registering at Companies House. If the parent company SIC Code does not reflect the activity carried out at your site, for example where a data centre is owned by a telecoms company, you may still be eligible. The guidance document provides more detail on the eligibility criteria. You can also contact us about eligibility at ietfenergysecurity.gov.uk type Eligibility screening assessment request as the subject line of the email. We offer a free eligibility screening service and can provide answers to questions about the application process. Minimum and maximum thresholds
The funding will be awarded as grants towards the total costs of successful proposals. Your proposal must fall within the stated minimum and maximum award thresholds in this table. Unless otherwise specified, thresholds refer to the minimum and maximum grant that you can apply for.
|
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| 1
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https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2008/27/schedule/7/paragraph/2
| 2,008
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[
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"u.k.",
"sustainable development",
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] |
legislation.gov.uk
|
2 U.K. For section 125 (the Administrator) substitute- " 125 Appointment of the Administrator (1) For the purposes of provision made by or under this Chapter, an RTF order may- (a) establish a body corporate, and (b) appoint that body as the Administrator. (2) An RTF order may- (a) make provision for the appointment of members of the body; (b) make provision in relation to the staffing of the body; (c) make provision in relation to the expenditure of the body; (d) make provision regulating the procedure of the body; (e) make any other provision that the Secretary of State considers appropriate for purposes connected with the establishment and maintenance of the body. (3) The provision that may be made by an RTF order by virtue of this section includes, in particular, provision conferring discretions on- (a) the Secretary of State; (b) the body itself; or (c) members or staff of the body. 125A General functions of the Administrator (1) An RTF order may- (a) confer or impose powers and duties on the Administrator for purposes connected with the implementation of provision made by or under this Chapter; (b) confer discretions on the Administrator in relation to the making of determinations under such an order and otherwise in relation to the Administrator's powers and duties; and (c) impose duties on transport fuel suppliers for purposes connected with the Administrator's powers and duties (including, in particular, duties framed by reference to determinations made by the Administrator). (2) It is the duty of the Administrator to promote the supply of renewable transport fuel whose production, supply or use- (a) causes or contributes to the reduction of carbon emissions, and (b) contributes to sustainable development or the protection or enhancement of the environment generally. 125B Functions of the Administrator: supplementary (1) The powers that may be conferred on the Administrator by virtue of section 125A(1) include, in particular- (a) power to require a transport fuel supplier to provide the Administrator with such information as the Administrator may require for purposes connected with the carrying out of the Administrator's functions; (b) power to impose requirements as to the form in which such information must be provided and as to the period within which it must be provided; (c) power to imposes charges of specified amounts on transport fuel suppliers. (2) The Secretary of State may give written directions to the Administrator about the exercise of any power conferred on the Administrator by virtue of subsection (1)(a) or (b). (3) The power to give directions under subsection (2) includes power to vary or revoke the directions. (4) The Administrator must comply with any directions given under that subsection. (5) Sums to apply to the transfer. (7) Subject to subsection (8), an order under this section is subject to the negative resolution procedure. (8) The power to make an order under this section is subject to the affirmative resolution procedure if the order- (a) contains provision by virtue of subsection (2)(c), or (b) makes any modification of an enactment contained in- (i) an Act of Parliament, (ii) an Act of the Scottish Parliament, (iii) a Measure or Act of the National Assembly for Wales, or (iv) Northern Ireland legislation. " .
|
eed13d55-9556-41aa-a698-5aa7023cb9fe
| 0
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00a8722d-d423-4607-ad83-f03c1a12eae2
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https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32001L0080:EN:HTML
| 2,001
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[
"Industry",
"Electricity and heat",
"Non-energy use"
] |
eur-lex.europa.eu
|
reheating furnaces, furnaces for heat treatment;
(b) post-combustion plants i.e. any technical apparatus designed to purify the waste gases by combustion which is not operated as an independent combustion plant;
(c) facilities for the regeneration of catalytic cracking catalysts;
(d) facilities for the conversion of hydrogen sulphide into sulphur;
(e) reactors used in the chemical industry;
(f) coke battery furnaces;
(g) cowpers;
(h) any technical apparatus used in the propulsion of a vehicle, ship or aircraft;
(i) gas turbines used on offshore platforms;
(j) gas turbines licensed before 27 November 2002 or which in the view of the competent authority are the subject of a full request for a licence before 27 November 2002 provided that the plant is put into operation no later than 27 November 2003 without prejudice to Article 7(1) and Annex VIII(A) and (B);
Plants powered by diesel, petrol and gas engines shall not be covered by this Directive.
|
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| 19
|
00b4507e-aa18-4452-9fc7-6cd8e00f42e6
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https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/GBR/2023/united-kingdom-national-inventory-report-nir-2023_e2ed2f6c199088dc30a95fddf6e84c72.pdf
| 2,023
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[
"emissions",
"data",
"inventory",
"energy",
"emission"
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cdn.climatepolicyradar.org
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power station s, refineries, cement kilns, iron and steel works) for priority pollutants (e.g. CO 2, f. Other activity data checks (e.g.
|
70afacf8-8641-4466-819d-f4db8cad9d69
| 92
|
00b81609-7d22-4980-bb27-ce108e5ba747
|
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-framework-for-water-resources-2025-water-for-growth-nature-and-a-resilient-future/9-taking-action-on-other-significant-water-using-sectors-and-emerging-demands-national-framework-for-water-resources-2025
| 2,025
|
[
"water company mains",
"non - household sectors",
"construction industry",
"horticulture sector",
"significant operational cost"
] |
GOV.UK Environment Agency
|
It is therefore critical that water availability is considered early in the planning stage, not just for data centre cooling but also to provide water for potential power sources such as Small Modular Reactors ( SMRs ). 9.5 Water for health and wellbeing Water for health and wellbeing includes leisure uses for golf courses, horse racing and sports fields. This is an important sector of water use that supports a significant part of the economy and enhances people's mental and physical health. Water supplies for this sector come from a mixture of sources; sometimes from small scale abstraction below the thresholds for abstraction licences; sometimes from the water environment where a licence is required; and sometimes from water company mains. The leisure sector is facing similar pressures as other sectors in that the availability of water resources for direct abstraction from the environment will be impacted by climate change. The demand for irrigation may increase due to hotter, drier summers and there will be changes needed to some abstraction licences to ensure they are sustainable. Opportunities may exist for the sector to switch from mains supplies to direct abstraction from the environment or water cycling, which could help secure a better use of water resources. Water other than for domestic use in this sector does not depend on the same high-quality potable drinking water as that required for public water supply. Some water companies are already driving such change by removing guarantees to reliable supplies from mains connections as pressure on their networks grow. Where sustainability changes are needed to abstraction licences, there is a risk that water from the environment may not be available or reliable unless it involves the capture and storage of water from sources such as high flows, , drainage, or if there is access to non-rainfall-dependent supplies like treated wastewater. We will continue to work with the leisure sector to increase awareness of the growing risks and pressures on water supplies. We also want to help with assessment of local options available to improve water supply resilience, particularly where this is associated with reducing reliance on the use of public water supplies. To do this, we believe that the approach used in the agriculture and horticulture sector is transferable to the leisure sector. This would involve a move towards involvement in Water Abstractor Groups, representing multiple sectors of use, and assessments of local resource options, including opportunities to share water and to trade water rights. We see a role for regional water resources groups to help to facilitate this work by helping businesses in the sector assess their risks and spot opportunities, and by advising on potential options and the implementation of solutions. As part of this, we want the sector to consider how it may help support the delivery of wider benefits to water and the environment. For instance, making use of opportunities to utilise land to deliver nature-based solutions and wider benefits to water quality and flood risk management as part of the solution to improving water supply resilience. We also want to work with the sector to help it continue to develop and adopt best practice in water resources management, improving demand management, irrigation scheduling and how smart data can optimise use. 9.6 Water supply for flood alleviation The use of reservoirs for multiple purposes has been around for decades, if not centuries. Whilst each reservoir will have a primary purpose, we want to ensure that, where possible, integrated decision-making leads to multiple benefits and aligns with adaptive planning principles. We want to make sure that careful consideration is given to opportunities to deliver those benefits and that we are not introducing adverse outcomes, such as unacceptably reducing the security of water supplies. We have produced a decision-making framework to enable consistent local choices when considering proposals, where the 'integrated' management of reservoirs for flood risk and water supply purposes presents a combined opportunity without impacting on water supply resilience and levels of service. The decision-making framework helps the alignment between water resources planning and flood risk appraisal principles, so outcomes are practical, deliverable, legally compliant, meet environmental objectives and obligations, and can support clear communication with local stakeholders and interested parties, whilst reflecting wider challenges such as the impacts of climate change and the need to manage water dynamically. We will continue to explore opportunities so that they are considered within a strategic, catchment context, and so that priorities align with water resources plans and flood risk plans. Next: 10. Water resources planning and abstraction licensing
|
ed12510d-399f-4da5-bb85-b4d94f004d33
| 2
|
00ba029a-dd5a-49a6-9d48-5428d417f569
|
https://ec.europa.eu/environment/system/files/2021-11/COM_2021_706_1_EN_ACT_part1_v6.pdf
| -1
|
[
"Agriculture and forestry",
"Forestry",
"Non-energy use"
] |
ec.europa.eu
|
These findings were corroborated by the outcome of the Open Public
Consultation, where the overwhelming majority of stakeholders businesses associations
and NGOs supported a mandatory due diligence regime. Choice of the instrument
The proposed instrument is a Regulation because it is necessary to ensure the highest level
of harmonization to avoid the coexistence of different standards between Member States,
which would undermine the fundamental principle of free movement of goods. A Regulation
will set direct requirements for all operators, thus providing the necessary legal certainty
and enforcement possibility of a fully integrated market across the EU. A Regulation also
ensures that the obligations are implemented at the same time and in the same way in all
27 Member States. The Regulation will also reduce uncertainties over timelines during the
transposition process typically associated with a Directive in an area where time and legal
certainty are critically important due to forecasted increases in market size and changes in
market dynamics more generally. The instrument has also been designed as a future-proof dynamic system to be able to adapt
to market developments and new data and scientific evidence. For this purpose, a number
of empowerments are foreseen for the Commission, which will allow the development of
implementing measures, among others to publish the result of the country benchmarking and
to revise the commodities in scope of the Regulation. 3. RESULTS
CONSULTATIONS AND IMPACT ASSESSMENTS
EX-POST
EVALUATIONS,
OF
STAKEHOLDER
Ex-post evaluationsfitness checks of existing legislation
The present initiative builds on the findings of the Fitness Check of the EUTR and FLEGT
Regulations, which has been carried out concomitantly to the Impact Assessment for this
Regulation. With regard to the EUTR, the Fitness check has shown that the EUTR resulted in an improved
situation in third countries, including in countries that have chosen not to engage in VPA
processes. Main EU trade partners have taken steps to strengthen their forest governance
systems and reduce illegal logging to meet the requirements of the EUTR. The EUTR even
if hampered by a number of weaknesses in its design and enforcement challenges has shown
some positive results in terms of both effectiveness and efficiency. Its worldwide coverage
has provided the EU with a basis to work closely together with other consumer countries. Other consumer countries and trade partners worldwide have adopted legislative approaches
similar to the EUTR In the broader deforestation context, this is particularly important to bear
in mind, as it shows that the EU, even with a decreasing market share, can have an impact and
lead the way globally. Despite the challenges experienced in its implementation, the findings of the Fitness Check
show that the approach adopted for the EUTR due diligence allows flexibility to respond
to new and emerging challenges linked to illegal logging and illegal land use change. The
general requirement due diligence placed on all EU based operators also allows the
Regulation to be flexible to changes in trade patterns and changes in country risk profiles. The
EN
6
EN
proposed option will integrate and improve upon the framework set up with the EUTR, which
would therefore be repealed.
|
fdc8afd5-2a2d-4946-a4da-be36ebf11749
| 7
|
00be529a-625e-4bf1-a125-b0eaf66d7cc3
|
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.01398v1
| 2,019
|
[
"economy",
"business",
"world",
"people",
"social"
] |
arxiv.org
|
Combined with a shorter average working week of 15 to 25 hours688 , the NFP World offers enough work for full-time employment and adequate incomes689 , but not so much that work proves overwhelming. With wealth staying in local communities, jobs are more local. There is less travel time and less migration (due to less of a need to move for work), and thus less pressure that work-related travel puts on services and infrastructure. Importantly, people want to work longer into their lives (rather than retire as early as possible) because they derive a sense of purpose from their work as almost all work supports a social mission. Also because the working week is shorter and they've had more leisure time throughout their career (as compared to now), there's a more balanced approach to work throughout one's lifetime (rather than having to front-load one's life with too much work and retire from work all together later in life). In essence, people no longer feel burnt out by paid employment by the time they reach 65 years of age. Furthermore, because they've been living in a society that ensures optimal health, people tend to be in better physical and psychological shape in the later years of life, as compared to what is currently the norm in for-profit societies. With less work needing to be done, the elusive goal of greater leisure is finally reached. The quality and amount of leisure increases because the NFP World creates the space needed for human flourishing. Working less gives us the freedom to be and to do. Given the chance, and when basic needs have been met, people embrace this freedom, prioritizing quality time with family, friends and oneself over buying more stuff, and working more. 690 As the Peckham experiment shows, when we are stress-free, we have no shortage of crafts, hobbies and sports with which we enjoy engaging. There is time to explore healthy ways of meeting needs, outside the market, thereby reducing the need for work. We also have more time to connect with nature, with the NFP World allowing us to truly appreciate the incredible gift of life and biodiversity on this amazing planet. With less work, we have more time in our lives for self-reflective processes. We have time to think about what is really important to us, what we value, what we prioritize, dream about, desire and need, and how we can best manage these considerations. Less work gives the space for us to learn and to follow our hopes, aspirations and passions. This raises the chances of finding meaningful work. And as experiments that provide all members of society with a basic income have shown691 , people still choose to work even when they don't have to, given the intrinsic rewards associated with contributing to something greater than yourself and the extrinsic rewards when that value is publicly acknowledged and celebrated. Income still serves as a motivator of work, but it's not at all the only source of motivation. Overall, we see a more satisfied and insightful population, which drives productivity gains both in the workplace and in communities. There is also more time to be creative. Being an artist isn't restricted to just those who can find some way of making money from their creativity. Rather everyone has the time to undertake creative endeavors, such as writing, drawing, painting, sculpting, woodwork, designing, dancing, playing music, and acting. These are all important forms of expression that contribute to higher levels of mental health. Less work also creates space for us to connect, collaborate, help each other and understand our interdependence more deeply. As there is a lot less fear of being dominated, people experience and explore human connections more richly. We have more time to share our daily struggles with each other, and to receive the support we need to enable our ongoing personal growth. Importantly, we have more time for our loved ones. More time, energy and financial security exists to raise children and provide care for family members, accompanied by greater community support and the assistance of friends and extended family. In the NFP World, the community ensures that babies are fed, held and loved, and elders are honored, respected and cherished. And with people having more free time and the purpose-driven culture encouraging them to contribute to the greater good, the NFP World has higher rates of volunteerism, which loops back to relieve pressure on the market. The better balance between work, rest and play creates improved physical, emotional and spiritual wellbeing 692 . But the reverse is also true: greater wellbeing improves the quality of our work, leisure and rest. When the for-profit pressures fade and the NFP era flourishes, most people will feel relatively deeper levels of life-satisfaction, joy, selfconfidence, empathy, compassion, security, autonomy, connection, purpose, gratitude, and empowerment -in essence, a zest for life! With improved physical and emotional wellbeing, we relate more positively to others, making work and leisure more enjoyable for us all. We are more able to act in cooperative, empathic, mindful, and creative ways that contribute to the whole. But greater wellbeing also reduces the amount of work needing to be done in the first place. Combined with financial equality, greater physical, emotional and spiritual wellbeing minimizes homelessness, mental and physical illness, addiction, violence, crime and incarceration 693 . This reduces the burdens on society, such as the costs associated with running rehabilitation and correctional facilities as well as homeless shelters and safe houses, and therein the amount of work that needs to be done. At the same time, having greater widespread health and wellbeing increases the available labor force, ensuring even less work per citizen, to achieve desired social outcomes. Greater wellbeing reinforces contentment, based on an ethos of 'enough', allowing us to feel more deeply fulfilled. As we'll soon explore, this reduces our levels of consumption and, therein, the amount of work needing to be done to match market demand.
|
7aa7f968-38f8-4177-8669-ac6d65db7e5a
| 78
|
00c037e0-9b85-4d44-9394-01194be92dda
|
https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/GBR/2017/clean-growth-strategy_dbc3cb715f5549eb5b10b721c5c48304.pdf
| 2,017
|
[
"Economy-wide",
"Energy",
"Health",
"Industry",
"LULUCF",
"Transport",
"Waste",
"Adaptation",
"Institutions / Administrative Arrangements",
"Research And Development",
"Energy Supply",
"Energy Demand",
"energy",
"carbon",
"emissions",
"government",
"million"
] |
cdn.climatepolicyradar.org
|
Many local authorities have introduced separate collection of food waste and we will work to support more so that the amount of food waste sent to landfill continues to decline. 18. We will set out a new Resources and Waste strategy which seeks to maximise resource productivity, reduce waste in our energy and resource systems, promote well- functioning markets for secondary materials and incentivise producers to design better products. The strategy will focus on three • Maximising resource productivity - through more efficient manufacturing • Maximising the value we get from resources throughout their lifetimes - by designing products more smartly to increase longevity and enable recyclability • Managing materials at end of life – by targeting environmental impacts 277 Defra press release (2017) New £10 million fund to restore peatland
19. We will explore how data can support the development of a network of resource efficiency clusters led by Local Enterprise Partnerships (LEPs), whereby LEPs would develop local level strategies to drive greater resource efficiency, supporting processes such as industrial symbiosis and the development of new disruptive business models that challenge inefficient practice. 20. We will explore how we can better incentivise producers to manage resources more efficiently through producer responsibility 21. We will take action through the Courtauld 2025 Agreement to reduce the amount of food that is wasted in the UK. This could deliver up to £20 billion worth of savings to the UK economy more food from landfill to support resource productivity and avoid further emissions. 22. We will explore new and innovative ways to manage emissions from landfill, undertaking research and analysis to support new approaches such as optimising surface methane oxidation. We will also investigate accelerating the breakdown of waste in landfill to improve the quantity and quality of landfill gas captured. This research should identify innovation to bring down the costs of low carbon technologies and lay the groundwork for future decisions. Government Innovation Investment The Government expects to invest £99 million out to 2021 on innovation in natural resources. The Government wants the UK to be at the forefront of land-based innovation – ensuring our industry remains at the cutting edge of agricultural and bio-based technology development through the forthcoming bioeconomy strategy and through the existing £160 million Agri-Tech Strategy 278 WRAP (2016) The Courtauld Commitment 2025 to transform UK food and drink courtauld-commitment-2025-transform-uk-food-and-drink 279 Defra (2015) Agricultural technologies (agri-tech) strategy Recycling Technologies, based in Swindon, has developed a new process that can recycle mixed plastic waste, which normally goes to landfill or is incinerated, into a clean fuel. With the support of an Energy Entrepreneurs Fund grant of around £700,000, testing has shown that this product can be used in industrial burners or marine engines. As an alternative, the product could be distilled and used as feedstock to make more new plastics, paints, polishes or lubricants. Recycling Technologies recently raised £5 million in private investment and are now actively on the lookout for further
• Innovative The Government has supported research on innovative technologies in agriculture via the Agri-Tech Catalyst, to accelerate the translation of research into practical solutions to improve agricultural productivity, whilst reducing the environmental impact of agricultural production, some of which has additional • Centres for Agri-tech Four centres have been funded in partnership with industry, academia and • Agrimetrics - £11.8 million for a ‘big- data’ centre of excellence for Agri- metrics to utilise data science and modelling to build a more productive, sustainable and efficient food system. • Agricultural Engineering Precision Innovation Centre (Agri-EPI) - £17.7 million on precision agriculture to help the UK’s agri-food sector develop more productive and sustainable UK agriculture and export markets. • Centre for Crop Health and Protection (CHAP) - £21.3 million to revolutionise how farmers manage crop threats including pests and disease, both in the • Centre for Innovation Excellence in Livestock (CIEL) - £29.1 million to create new livestock technology and products to boost the profitability and productivity To complement this early action on innovation, the Government believes there are further opportunities for innovation linked to natural resources. In determining these we have focused where the Government can add the most value and develop UK opportunities. The main innovation challenges that could be unlocked are below, with detail on opportunities Improving productivity and management skills on farms, coupled with technological innovation, will provide the tools for achieving a step change in the level of carbon savings. • We will develop affordable low carbon fertiliser products to reduce and replace fertilisers; explore the potential for bio-stimulants to improve nutrient use efficiency; and explore the viability of fertiliser production by recovering nutrients from wastes and other organic materials. • Soil We will aim to target new sustainable land management techniques to overcome the decline in soil quality in the UK and the impact on productivity. We are already funding UK research into soils to deliver greenhouse gas removals (GGR) and abatement technologies as part of the • Crops and livestock We will explore the mitigation potential of new breeding technologies and any barriers to their deployment to improve agricultural and forestry productivity and resilience. 280 The National Environment Research Council (2017) £8.6 million UK research programme on greenhouse gas removal releases/2017/09-greenhousegas/
• Low emission farming We will reduce the costs of resource use in crop and livestock production improving our understanding of crop soil interactions; explore the potential of robotics and the latest sensor technologies; precision farming technologies more viable on smaller scale farms, investigate the potential of improving soil health and carbon stocks. • Forestry We need to improve the resilience and productivity of our forests such as through greater understanding of how tree genetics can contribute to GGRs, especially as we approach 2050. Innovate UK will also ensure that future rounds of its health and life science calls encourage bids which directly or indirectly support practices that may have a positive impact on • Anaerobic Digestion.
|
97a59d0e-1bf2-4781-843d-e8366a799456
| 34
|
00c61c05-093b-4cdc-8a95-8e4ad73cf05e
|
https://ec.europa.eu/environment/system/files/2021-11/COM_2021_706_1_EN_ACT_part1_v6.pdf
| -1
|
[
"Agriculture and forestry",
"Forestry",
"Non-energy use"
] |
ec.europa.eu
|
Grounds for the proposalinitiative
1.5.1. Requirements to be met in the short or long term including a detailed timeline for
roll-out of the implementation of the initiative
The proposed regulation will be directly applicable from the day of its entry into
force. A series of implementingdelegated acts, as well as administrative tasks, will
be deployed in a time-horizon of 5 years from the date established in Article 36 1. A detailed list of these envisaged actions is provided below
1. Before the date established in Article 362
a A public bid or administrative arrangement for a contract to develop the country
benchmarking system according to the criteria specified in the regulation. b A public bid for an impact assessment on the covering further commodities and
products as well as other vulnerable ecosystems. c A public bid for a contract to support the Commission in the tasks mandated in the
regulation. d A contract or administrative arrangement to develop the information system to
store and exchange data on operators and self-declarations.
|
fdc8afd5-2a2d-4946-a4da-be36ebf11749
| 76
|
00c7cd56-f9e5-4373-943d-829df94444e3
|
https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/GBR/1900/united-kingdom-national-communication-nc-nc-8-biennial-reports-br-br-5_288d5f885869447df3e9910829b567a3.pdf
| 2,022
|
[
"climate",
"energy",
"support",
"emissions",
"carbon"
] |
cdn.climatepolicyradar.org
|
UK support will improve the design and quality of infrastructure built, increase the capacity of the government to deliver its own programmes and influence the policies of the largest programme of this
Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ 203232 203232 Core Support -5.83 - 7.47 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Energy Increased responsible private sector participation in sustainable infrastructure including renewable energy in poorer developing countries through increased flows of private capital & expertise.This will benefit an additional 105.1 million people by the end of 2015. 203232 203232 Core Support -0.65 - 0.83 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Energy Increased responsible private sector participation in sustainable infrastructure including renewable energy in poorer developing countries through increased flows of private capital & expertise.This will benefit an additional 105.1 million people by the end of 2015. 300683 300683 Strengthening Ethiopia’s 28 35.90 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Other Social Ethiopia’s rural safety net provides predictable cash and or food transfers to 8 million extremely poor people in chronically food insecure woredas (districts) in rural Ethiopia. Clients are selected for the program through a community-based targeting process. Households with able-bodied adult members are asked to work on community-planned public works in exchange for their transfers. These public works are activities like rehabilitate the natural resource base, build health posts and schoolrooms, construct and rehabilitate roads, and build other public infrastructure as prioritised by the community. Women are exempt from PW during pregnancy and 2 years postpartum. Labor-constrained households receive unconditional transfers (PDS) and are linked with complementary social services where possible. The safety net also provides livelihoods support in the form of skills training, business planning, savings promotion, credit facilitation, and, where appropriate,
Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ 300755 300755 Securing global wheat crops for food and nutritional security - in partnership with 3.94 5.05 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture Working in partnership with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation on two major co-investments in wheat crop improvement, DFID’s funding will increase the nutritional quality and disease resistance of wheat crops, building the resilience of smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, and contributing to global food security in the face of climate change, and emerging plant disease and pest threats. Securing global wheat crops through wheat breeding includes improving heat tolerance and increasing climate resilience in the crop varieties. 2.06 2.64 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Other Social The Exiting Poverty in Rwanda Programme will provide support to the Government of Rwanda to help create and scale up a more sustainable, self-financed and inclusive system for supporting the most vulnerable, helping the poor manage shocks and enabling more people to sustainably exit poverty. The programme will provide financial aid to the Government of Rwanda to scale up provision of Social Protection to the poorest. It will put a stronger emphasis on sustainability and on working towards a clear exit strategy from the Social Protection Sector in the future. The focus of the programme therefore is strengthening government systems to build effectiveness, government ownership and long-term sustainability of the programme. This phase of support is expected to deliver the impact of extreme poverty eradicated, and poverty levels reduced, with an outcome of the resilience of vulnerable men, women and children and of the Social Protection systems that help sustain them enhanced. Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ 205118 205118 Commercial Agriculture 1.71 2.19 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Agriculture To increase the opportunities and climate resilience of smallholder farmers through the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices which raise incomes and support biodiversity. The programme will also support sustainable and inclusive agribusiness models, particularly those which trade with smallholders, to access investment and improve the sustainability of 203852 203852 Pathways to Prosperity 0.8 1.03 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Health, General Enable 1 million people to exit extreme poverty and access a sustained pathway to prosperity, while actively promoting public and private provision of the core services required to eradicate extreme poverty. 203852 203852 Pathways to Prosperity 0.2 0.26 Committed ODA Grant Mitigation Health, General Enable 1 million people to exit extreme poverty and access a sustained pathway to prosperity, while actively promoting public and private provision of the core services required to eradicate extreme poverty. 300147 300147 Reducing Insecurity and Violent Extremism in the Northern 0.4 0.51 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Conflict, Peace & To improve safety and security institutions at national level and in 6 counties that provide more effective, accountable and responsive services to a public that is actively engaged in improving safety and
Project ID Total amount Status Funding Type of support Sector Additional Information Recipient country/region/project/ 202762 202762 Supporting Indian Trade 0.38 0.49 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation Trade Policies & This project will support increased African exports to the large and growing emerging market of India. It will also help African businesses to strengthen their productive capacity and competitiveness, thereby moving away from unprocessed primary commodities, which don’t earn much. The project will operate in Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Rwanda. Together with African and Indian businesses, the implementer International Trade Centre (ITC) will carefully select a number of labour-intensive goods – for example leather, textiles, cotton, pulses – and tackle the problems that are holding back these goods from being sold in the Indian market. The project will be flexible and address the problems that are holding back exports to for example, it will provide market information, technical support, skills training, branding and investment. The project will tap into the large pool of Indian technical expertise and transfer some of this expertise to Africa. cooperation and avoiding conflict 0.29 0.37 Committed ODA Grant Adaptation General The aim of this project is to maximise benefits to poor people from international climate change finance.
|
e6994b55-18ee-49c8-92db-2261135aea96
| 281
|
00d023b6-a9bf-46b8-b895-de37c6363708
|
http://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.03722v2
| 2,021
|
[
"adaptation",
"technologies",
"patents",
"mitigation",
"climate"
] |
arxiv.org
|
This contributes to the relatively higher reliance on public support of adaptation technologies (but also of science-reliant CCS), but the time trends suggest that this is not sufficient to explain this pattern. For example, for both clean energy and green ICT, the science reliance increased over time, but we observe a decreasing reliance on public support.
|
e7c5ec21-08e6-4ef3-84cf-6a259e7f7c53
| 27
|
00d6bf28-4619-40d2-ac0b-d675958dbfeb
| 2,025
|
[
"carbon neutrality",
"portuguese economy",
"services sector",
"narrative",
"figure"
] |
HF-national-climate-targets-dataset
|
Narrative of carbon neutrality of the FIGURE 22 Narrative of carbon neutrality of the services sector until 2050 NEUTRALITY OF THE PORTUGUESE ECONOMY BY 2050
|
dfe5311c-399b-4676-acf6-ba1d18a1d588
| 0
|
|
00e48844-5e32-45b1-8ab5-bf347a61eb94
|
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1009448/decarbonising-transport-a-better-greener-britain.pdf
| 2,021
|
[
"transport",
"zero",
"emissions",
"emission",
"carbon"
] |
assets.publishing.service.gov.uk
|
Starting with bus fares outside London we want simpler, cheaper flat fares that you can pay with a contactless card, with daily and weekly price capping across operators. Affordable fares and season ticket caps will continue to be protected on the railways.
|
8f0273a5-decd-4a43-ab49-4f3473699e66
| 75
|
End of preview. Expand
in Data Studio
Sustainability PolicyMaking Dataset
Description
This is a corpus dataset consisting of sustainability related documents and academic papers with a focus on UK and EU policy making. Each document is further split into chunks ranging from approximately 500-1000 words each, to help with processing and to enable QA tasks.
Dataset Summary
- Total Items: 15,011
- Average Chunk Length: 553 words
- Median Chunk Length: 539 words
- Year Range:2000-2025
- Sources: ['cdn.climatepolicyradar.org', 'eur-lex.europa.eu', 'gov.uk', 'arxiv.org', 'parliament.uk', 'civitas.eu', 'gov.uk', 'HF-national-climate-targets-dataset', 'GOV.UK Environment Agency', 'odyssee-mure.eu', 'assets.publishing.service.gov.uk', 'ArXiv', 'ec.europa.eu', 'unfccc.int', 'ecolex.org', 'legislation.gov.uk', 'gov.scot', 'register.consilium.europa.eu', 'iea.org', 'aei.pitt.edu', 'itf-oecd.org', 'europarl.europa.eu', 'projects.mcrit.com', 'bgs.ac.uk', 'web.archive.org', 'climate-laws.org', 'nan', 'legislation.gov.uk', 'fca.org.uk', 'transportenvironment.org', 'environment.ec.europa.eu', 'climate.ec.europa.eu', 'None', 'hy4heat.info', 'gov.scot', 'energy.ec.europa.eu', 'cbd.int', 'ofgem.gov.uk', 'fleetnews.co.uk', 'ogauthority.co.uk', 'drivingelectric.com', 'tfl.gov.uk', 'gov.wales', 'goultralow.com', 'pod-point.com', 'bills.parliament.uk', 'ukpact.co.uk']
Data Fields
Each corpora item contains the following fields:
id: Unique string identifier for the chunk (str)url: Source URL of the document from which the chunk was extractedyear: Publication year (integer, nullable)keywords: List of keywords (List[str])source: Source organization or websitetext: Main text contentdoc_id: Unique ID for each document. NB - chunks obtained from the same document will inherit the same document id. While the doc_id is unique for each document it is not unique for each chunk.chunk_num: Chunk number within document (int)
Authors
This dataset was developed as part of a research internship program at the University of Southampton, Department of Electronics and Computer Science, under the supervision of Shuang Ao.
Internship Team:
- Varun Shenoy - https://huggingface.co/varoon67
- Name - uname
- Name - uname
Faculty Supervision:
- [Name], PhD - uname
- [Name], PhD - uname
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