Essential Guide to Cannabis Terpenoids | Get High
What Am I Smoking? – Guide to Cannabis Terpenoids. Terpenoids are a large class of organic compounds including terpenes (commonly known in cannabis circles as “terps”), diterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. They have unsaturated molecules composed of linked isoprene units, generally having the formula (C5H8). The following chart shows the known majority of terpenoids within most cannabis strains.
Concentration (% of dry weight)
Agarospirol Terpenoid - Agarospirol is a sesquiterpene alcohol isolated from the essential oil of infected agarwood (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.). The corresponding carbon skeleton (VI) has been named agarospirane. Agarospirol is the second spiro-terpenoid to be isolated from Nature. 594 ± 52 312 ± 11 133 - 136 56 - 58 - C15H26O 2-[(3R,5R,6R)-6,10-dimethylspiro[4.5]dec-9-en-3-yl]propan-2-ol
α-Cadinene Terpenoid Anti-infective Cadinene is the trivial chemical name of a number of isomeric hydrocarbons that occur in a wide variety of essential oil-producing plants. The name is derived from that of the Cade juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus L.), the wood of which yields an oil from which cadinene isomers were first isolated. 522 ± 86 272 ± 30 - - - C15H24 (1S,4aR,8aR)-4,7-dimethyl-1-propan-2-yl-1,2,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydronaphthalene
α-cis-Bergamotene Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory The plant Kingdom which includes conifers, flowering plants and gymnosperms go through certain metabolic reactions. The resultant eukaryotic metabolite produced is bergamotene. Among these bergamotene compounds is α-cis-Bergamotene. 500 ± 45 260 ± 7 - - - C15H24 (1R,5R)-4,6-dimethyl-6-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-ene
α-Eudesmol Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Antimigraine A sesquiterpene alcohol typically from the essential oil of cajeput and wooden Siam , Atractylodes lancea (Chinese herb) 574 ± 52 301 ± 11 - - - C15H26O 2-[(2R,4aR,8aR)-4a,8-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-2-yl]propan-2-ol
α-Guaiene Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory α-Guaiene has medium strength, sweet, earthy, woody, balsamic, peppery aroma. It is used as a flavor and fragrance agent in bakery items, cereals, and cereal products, including flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, and edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet. 538 ± 50 281 ± 10 - - - C15H24 (1S,4S,7R)-1,4-dimethyl-7-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroazulene
α-Humulene Terpenoid Antibacterial
Pharmacokinetic α-Humulene contributes to the 'hoppy' aroma of cannabis. Humulene naturally occurs in clove, basil, hops, and cannabis sativa. It carries a subtle earthy, woody aroma with spicy herbal notes you might recognize in some of your favorite strains. Though cannabis is commonly associated with appetite simulation, humulene is actually known to suppress hunger. 223 - 225 106 - 107 < 77 < 25 - C15H24 (1E,4E,8E)-2,6,6,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-1,4,8-triene
α-Longipinene Terpenoid - α-Longipinene has a pine aromatic odor. The Norway spruce produces high levels of α-longipinene secondary to longifolene as it's main product. 486 ± 45 252 ± 7 - - - C15H24 2,6,6,9-Tetramethyltricyclo[5.4.0.02,8]undec-9-ene
α-Pinene Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
AChE inhibitor α-Pinene accounts for cannabis familiar odor, often associated with pine trees and turpentine. α-Pinene is the most common naturally occurring terpenoid and acts as both an anti-inflammatory and a bronchodilator. 313.2 156 -67 -62.5 0.04% 14.0±1.5% C10H16 4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-ene
α-Selinene Terpenoid Analgesic
Antifungal α-Selinene has the distinct odor of amber. It is one of the principal components of the oil from celery seeds. It has shown analgesic, antioxidant, and antifungal activity with antimicrobial potential 518 270 - - - C15H24 (3R,4aR,8aR)-5,8a-dimethyl-3-prop-1-en-2-yl-2,3,4,4a,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene
α-Terpineol Terpenoid Sedative
Antimalarial Terpineol is known for its pleasant smell and is often used in soaps and perfumes. It is known to have relaxing effects. 417 - 435 214-224 32 - 36 0 - 2 0.02% C10H18O 2-(4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)propan-2-ol
α-Thujene Terpenoid Antioxidant
Anti-malarial (Antiviral)
Herbicidal Thujene (or α-thujene) is a natural organic compound classified as a monoterpene. It is found in the essential oils of a variety of plants, and contributes pungency to the flavor of some herbs such as Summer savory. The term thujene usually refers to α-thujene. 302 - 306 150 - 152 - - - C10H16 4-methyl-1-propan-2-ylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-ene
α-trans-Bergamotene Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory The plant Kingdom which includes conifers, flowering plants and gymnosperms go through certain metabolic reactions. The resultant eukaryotic metabolite produced is bergamotene. Among these bergamotene compounds is α-trans-Bergamotene. 500 ± 45 260 ± 7 - - - C15H24 (1S,5S,6R)-4,6-dimethyl-6-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-ene
α-Ylangene Terpenoid Antibacterial
Antioxidant α-Ylangene has a spicy, fruity aroma. It is a natural substance often found in wine and is emitted by some plants. 478 248 - - - C15H24 (1S,2R,6R,7R,8S)-8-Isopropyl-1,3-dimethyltricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]dec-3-ene
Amyrin Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic The amyrins are three closely related natural chemical compounds of the triterpene class. They are designated α-amyrin, β-amyrin and δ-amyrin. Each is a pentacyclic triterpenol with the chemical formula C??H??O. 916 ± 111 491 ± 44 387 197 - C30H50O (3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,12aR,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-ol
β-Caryophyllene Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Antimalaria β-Caryophyllene is the only terpene known to interact with the bodys endocannabinoid system (CB2). Caryophyllene (or β-Caryophyllene) is a spicy, peppery terpene found in many different edible plants. Spices like black pepper, cloves, and cinnamon, as well as herbs like oregano, basil, hops, and rosemary, are known to exhibit high concentrations of caryophyllene. Due to its affinity to the peripheral CB2 receptors, caryophyllene often appears in anti-inflammatory topicals and salves. 264 - 266 128 - 130 - - 0.05% C15H24 (1R,4E,9S)-4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylidenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene
β-Elemene Terpenoid Anticancer Elemenes are a group of closely related natural chemical compounds found in a variety of plants. The elemenes, which include α-, β-, γ-, and δ-elemene, are structural isomers of each other and are classified as sesquiterpenes. The elemenes contribute to the floral aromas of some plants, and are used as pheromones by some insects. β-Elemene has attracted scientific interest because of its prevalence in a variety of medicinal plants. Experiments performed in vitro show that β-elemene has anti-proliferative effects toward some cancer cell types, indicating the possibility of its use in chemotherapy. 486 ± 95 252 ± 35 - - - C15H24 (1S,2S,4R)-1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexane
β-Eudesmol Terpenoid Controls appetite and digestion
Antifungal β-Eudesmol is an oxygenated sesquiterpene contained in medicinal or edible plants which activates Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1). β-Eudesmol has been found in medicinal plants and physiological effects on mammals have been reported. 574 ± 52 301 ± 11 - - - C15H26O 2-[(2R,4aR,8aS)-4a-methyl-8-methylidene-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-yl]propan-2-ol
β-Myrcene Terpenoid Analgesic
Antimutagenic Myrcene is the most prevalent terpene and is found in most varieties of cannabis. Myrcene concentration dictates whether a strain will have an Indica or Sativa effect. Strains containing over 0.5% of myrcene produce a more sedative high, while strains containing less than 0.5% myrcene have an energizing effect. Myrcene is also present in thyme, hops, lemongrass, and citrus, and is used in aromatherapy. 332.6 167 < 14 < -10 0.47% 46.1±2.6% C10H16 7-methyl-3-methylideneocta-1,6-diene
β-Pinene Terpenoid Anti-depressant
Antimicrobial β-pinene found in plants is an organic monoterpene compound, and is one of the most abundant compounds released by forest trees. If oxidized in air, the allylic products of the pinocarveol and myrtenol family prevail. 325 - 331 163 - 166 -78 -61 - C10H16 6,6-dimethyl-4-methylidenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane
β-Selinene Terpenoid Anticancer
Antiseptic Constituent of celery oil. Also from Cyperus rotundus (nutgrass) and Humulus lupulus (hops). β-Selinene is found in many foods, some of which are safflower, star anise, chinese cinnamon, and allspice. 505 ± 50 263 ± 10 - - - C15H24 (3R,4aS,8aR)-8a-methyl-5-methylidene-3-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,4a,6,7,8-octahydronaphthalene
Bisabolol Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Analgesic Bisabolol is the primary constituent of German chamomile essential oil and has recently been shown to induce apoptosis in models of leukemia. While it has long been widely used in the cosmetics industry, bisabolol has more recently become the subject of research for the medical benefits it displays in cannabis. 523 - 597 273 - 314 85 - 171 29.5 - 77.4 - C15H26 6-Methyl-2-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-5-hepten-2-ol
Borneol Terpenoid Antibiotic
Anti-inflammatory This terpene smells earthy, like camphor or even menthol. Its a strong analgesic pain killer that relaxes and reduces stress, alleviates insomnia, and helps with breathing by relieving pressure in the lungs and increasing air flow. For centuries, borneol has been used in traditional Chinese medicine, most commonly as an ingredient in topical preparations. 413 212 395 202 0.01% C10H18O (1S,3R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-ol
Bulnesol Terpenoid - Bulnesol, also known as guai-1(10)-en-11-ol, is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Bulnesol is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Bulnesol is a spice tasting compound found in herbs and spices, which makes bulnesol a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Bulnesol is found in herbs and spices. Bulnesol is a constituent of guaiac wood oil (Bulnesia sarmienti). Also from Ferula species.. 597 ± 52 314 ± 11 156 - 158 69 - 70 - C15H26O 2-(3,8-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7-octahydroazulen-5-yl)propan-2-ol
Camphene Terpenoid Antioxidant
Decreases cardiovascular disease Camphene is found in essential oils extracted from certain trees. It has recently shown promise for pain relief and antioxidant effects. 318 - 320 159 - 160 118 - 126 48 - 52 - C10H16 2,2-Dimethyl-3-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
Camphor Terpenoid Anti-infective
Antiseptic Principally derived from the camphor tree, camphor is readily absorbed through the skin. When applied topically, it produces a cooling sensation similar to that of menthol. Camphor also acts as a slight local anesthetic and an antimicrobial substance. 399 204 345 - 354 174 - 179 - C10H16O 4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
Caryophyllene oxide Terpenoid Insecticidal
Antifungal Caryophyllene oxide has a lemon balm odor. It has shown some effectiveness as an insecticidal/antifeedant and as broad spectrum antifungal in plant defense. Caryophyllene oxide has the distinction of being the component responsible for cannabis identification by drug-sniffing dogs 536 ± 66 280 ± 19 138 - 142 59 - 61 - C15H24O (1R,4R,6R,10S)-4,12,12-Trimethyl-9-methylene-5-oxatricyclo[8.2.0.04,6]dodecane
Cedrene Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Antiseptic Being a sesquiterpene, Cedrene is a highly fragranced constituent that is extracted from the essential oils of Cedar. Cedrene possess antimicrobial, antifungal and anticancer properties.
491 - 516 255 - 269 - - - C15H24 Cedr-8-ene
cis-β-Farnesene Terpenoid Pheromone
Insect Repellant β-Farnesene is a constituent of various essential oils. It is also released by aphids as an alarm pheremone upon death to warn away other aphids. Several plants, including potato species, have been shown to synthesize this pheromone as a natural insect repellent. 523 ± 68 273 ± 20 < 77 < 25 - C15H24 (6Z)-7,11-dimethyl-3-methylidenedodeca-1,6,10-triene
cis-γ-Bisabolene Terpenoid - Bisabolenes are a group of closely related natural chemical compounds which are classified as sesquiterpenes. Bisabolenes are present in the essential oils of a wide variety of plants including cubeb, lemon and oregano. Various derivates also function as pheromones in different insects, such as stink bugs and fruit flies. 536 ± 68 280 ± 20 - - - C15H24 (4Z)-1-methyl-4-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-ylidene)cyclohexene
cis-Sabinene-hydrate Terpenoid - cis-Sabinene-hydrate has a medium strength balsamic odor 311 ± 45 155 ± 7 - - - C10H18 (1S,4R)-4-methyl-1-propan-2-ylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexane
Cycloartenol Terpenoid Aids in digestion Cycloartenol is found in alcoholic beverages. Cycloartenol is a constituent of Artocarpus integrifolia fruits and Solanum tuberosum (potato) Cycloartenol is a sterol precursor in photosynthetic organisms and plants. The biosynthesis of cycloartenol starts from the triterpenoid squalene. Its structure is also related to triterpenoid lanosterol 941 ± 66 505 ± 19 - - - C30H50O (3?,9?)-9,19-Cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol
Dammaradienol Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory Dammaradienol, also known as dammara-20,24-dien-3 β-ol, is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Dammaradienol can be found in herbs and spices, shea tree, soy bean, and tea, which makes dammaradienol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Dammaradienol is found in herbs and spices. Dammaradienol is a constituent of Inula helenium (elecampane). 921 ± 57 495 ± 14 - - - C30H50O (3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17S)-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-(6-methylhepta-1,5-dien-2-yl)-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
∆-3-carene Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Bone Growth and Repair Carene has a sweet, pungent odor and is a main constituent of pine and cedar resin. It is used to dry out excess body fluids, such as tears, mucus, and sweat. 334 - 336 168-169 < 77 < 25 0.00% C10H16 3,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene
∆-Limonene Terpenoid Cannabinoid agonist
Antimutagenic Limonene is a dominant terpene in strains with a pronounced Sativa effect. It is also found in the rinds of citrus fruits. Limonene aids in the absorption of other terpenes through the skin and mucous membranes, and has been used to treat anxiety and depression. 347 - 351 175-177 -142 -97 0.14% C10H16 1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene
epi-α-Bisabolol Terpenoid Anti-aging
Anticancer α-Bisabolol has a weak, tangy, fresh and clean, citrus, floral, sweet aroma with peppery note, and is used in various fragrances. It is the primary component (up to 50%) of the essential oil from German chamomile. 599 ± 52 315 ± 11 - - - C15H26O (2S)-6-methyl-2-[(1R)-4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]hept-5-en-2-ol
Epifriedelanol Terpenoid Anti-cancer (tumor killing)
Antiaging Epifriedelanol had inhibitory effects on adriamycin-induced cellular senescence in human fibroblasts (HDFs). Epifriedelanol suppressed adriamycin-induced cellular senescence as well as replicative senescence in human fibroblasts (HDFs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). These results suggest that epifriedelanol reduces cellular senescence in human primary cells and might be used to develop dietary supplements or cosmetics that modulate tissue aging or aging-associated diseases. Epifriedelanol demonstrated antitumor activity in a potato disc bioassay. 893 ± 55 478 ± 13 - - - C30H52O (3S,4R,4aS,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,14aS,14bS)-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-hexadecahydropicen-3-ol
Eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) Terpenoid AChE inhibitor
Antinociceptive Derived from eucalyptus oil, eucalyptol has a minty, earthy aroma. It has been shown to possess potent antifungal effects. 349 - 351 176 - 177 35 1.5 > 0.001% C10H18O 2,2,4-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Fenchol Terpenoid Antibacterial
Anti-inflammatory Fenchol is found in basil and is used extensively in perfumery. It is known to exhibit antibacterial properties. 394 - 396 201 - 202 95 - 104 35 - 40 - C10H18O 2,2,4-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-ol
Fenchone Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Antitumor Fenchone has a camphorous, thuja, cedar leaf, herbal, earthy, woody aroma. As an additive, its flavor has been describes as cooling, camphoreous, sweet and minty with a musty, earthy nuance 378 - 381 192 - 194 41 - 43 5 - 6 - C10H16O 2,2,4-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
Friedelin Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Liver protective Friedelin is a triterpene natural product isolated from the Quercus suber L. cork tree bark. Friedelin is the most abundant triterpene in extracts isolated from this tree. Friedelin has been described along with similar triterpenes in studying inhibitors of photosynthesis for use as herbicides, and has been described to have antifungal and antimicrobial properties. 891 ± 55 477 ± 13 504 - 509 262 - 265 - C30H50O (4R,4aS,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,14aS,14bS)-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-2,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-one
γ-Curcumene Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Anti-aging Curcumenes have recently been very prominent in the field of natural nutrition, as the extract of the spice Turmeric, called 'curcumin' has become popular as an anti-inflammatory supplement. The supplement is considered helpful not only for joint inflammation and pain, but as an all-around anti-aging supplement as well. γ-curcumene is known for its tissue healing effect, known to reduce inflammation, and is especially good for healing for scars (new and old). 531 ± 50 277 ± 10 - - - C15H24 1-methyl-4-[(2R)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]cyclohexa-1,3-diene
γ-Eudesmol Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Anti-cancer γ-Eudesmol has a waxy, sweet, woody, floral odor. γ-Eudesmol presents cytotoxic effect to cancer cells. All Eudesmol isomers displayed cytotoxicity to different tumor cell lines 574 ± 52 301 ± 11 - - - C15H26O 2-[(2R,4aR)-4a,8-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-2-yl]propan-2-ol
γ-Muurolene Terpenoid - γ-Muurolene has a medium strength, oily, woody type, herbal spice aroma. It is used in the chemical communication system of the Lucerne seed wasp and the European grapevine moth. 522 ± 68 272 ± 20 - - - C15H24 (1S,4aS,8aR)-7-methyl-4-methylidene-1-propan-2-yl-2,3,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene
Geraniol Terpenoid Antioxidant
Anti-spasmodic As its name suggests, geraniol (also known as lemonol) is most famous for its presence in geraniums, where it helps shape the blossoms distinctive, delicate scent. It is also found in a wide range of plants including tobacco and lemons, and interestingly, is produced by honey bees as a means of marking their hives and flowers. Geraniol is a monoterpene alcohol that boils at about 447?F and frequently occurs in strains that also produce linalool.
Its floral, occasionally fruity aromas and flavors remind many of citronella candles or rose gardens, and occasionally of passionfruit or stonefruits such as peaches and plums. It is used frequently as a fruity flavoring agent, and shows up in an array of bath and body products. Geraniol, like valencene, is known to repel mosquitos. 446 230 5 -15 - C10H18O (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol
Geranyl Acetate Terpenoid Antimicrobial Geranyl Acetate is found in a variety of natural oils, derived from citronella, lemongrass, sassafras, roses, and many others. It has a strong floral aroma with a fruity twist, and exhibits strong antimicrobial effects. 278 - 282 137-139 - - - C12H20O2 [(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl] acetate
Guaiol Terpenoid Antimicrobial
Anti-inflammatory Guaiol is not an oil but a sesquiterpenoid alcohol, and is also found in cypress pine and guaiacum. It has been used for centuries as a treatment for diverse ailments ranging from coughs to constipation to arthritis. It is also an effective insect repellent and insecticide. 550 288 104 - 122 40 - 50 - C15H26 2-[(3S,5R,8S)-3,8-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroazulen-5-yl]propan-2-ol
Ipsdienol Terpenoid - Ipsdienol has a balsamic, piney aroma. It is a major component of the floral fragrance of several orchids. Ipsdienol is also one of the major aggregation pheromones of the bark beetle is which it is believed to be a mating attractant. 453 ± 48 234 ± 9 - - - C10H16O 2-methyl-6-methylideneocta-2,7-dien-4-ol
Isoborneol Terpenoid Antioxidant
Antimicrobial Isoborneol is found in mugwort that exhibits antiviral properties. It is a potent inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type 1. 413 212 413 - 417 212 - 214 - C10H18O (3R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-ol
Isopulegol Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Gastro-protective Isopulegol is a chemical precursor to menthol, and has a variety of promising routes for therapeutic research. Studies have shown that isopulegol possess gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, and reduces the severity of seizures in animal models. 352 - 420 178 - 216 172 78 - C10H18 (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropenyl-5-methylcyclohexanol
Linalool Terpenoid Sedative
Immune potentiator Linalool has a floral scent reminiscent of spring flowers, but with spicy overtones. It possesses sedative properties and is an effective anxiety and stress reliever. It has also been used an analgesic and anti-epileptic. 388 - 392 198 - 200 < 77 < 25 0.00% C10H18O 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol
Menthol Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Counter-irritant Menthol exhibits analgesic properties and is used topically to treat inflammatory pain. 413 - 421 212-216 107 - 113 42 - 45 - C10H20O 5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexan-1-ol
Ocimene Terpenoid Antifungal
Antiviral Ocimene is a monoterpene with a fruity, floral, some say wet cloth smell. Ocimene has exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in white blood cell through a variety of pathways. Antifungal effects are also seen with the human specific Candida species. And very interestingly ocimene showed specificity and effectiveness against SARS virus. 149 - 151 65 - 66 122 50 - 6.6±0.7% C10H16 3,7-Dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene
p-Cymene Terpenoid Antibiotic
AChE inhibitor Commonly found in the essential oils of cumin and thyme, cymene has documented anti-inflammatory effects. Research also shows potential protective effects against acute lung injury. 350 177 -90 -68 0.00% C10H14 1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylbenzene
Phellandrene Terpenoid Antibacterial
Antifungal Phellandrene can be found in a number of herbs and spices, including cinnamon, garlic, dill, ginger and parsley. A number of plants produce β-phellandrene as a constituent of their essential oils, including lavender and grand fir. The recognizable odors of some essential oils depend almost entirely upon the presence of phellandrene. Oil of pepper and dill oil are composed almost entirely of phellandrene. The principal constituent in oil of ginger is phellandrene. Phellandrene, particularly α-phellandrene, is absorbed through the skin, making it attractive for use in perfumes. It is also used as a flavoring for food products. 347 175 - - - C10H16 2-methyl-5-propan-2-ylcyclohexa-1,3-diene
Phytol Terpenoid Pain reliever
Anti-anxiety Found in green tea, phytol is a diterpene that results from the degradation of chlorophyll. Phytol inhibits the enzyme that degrades the neurotransmitter GABA, which may partially account for its relaxing effect. 635 335 < 77 < 25 - C20H40 (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol
Pulegone Terpenoid Memory booster
Antipyretic Pulegone has a pleasant peppermint aroma and is a strong insecticide. 435 224 < 77 < 25 0.00% C10H16O 5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylidenecyclohexan-1-one
Sabinene Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Antibacterial Sabinene which can also be spelled as Sabinen or Sabenene is a chemical compound available in a large variety of plants including black pepper, nutmeg, Norway spruce and Holm oak, among others. It can also be naturally harvested from tea tree oil, although in small concentrations. It is a very critical component in the formulation of carrot seed oil. It naturally has anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. This makes it beneficial in many health related ways. 327 164 - - - C10H16 1-Isopropyl-4-methylenebicyclo[3.1.0]hexane
Terpinen-4-ol Terpenoid AChE inhibitor
Antibiotic Terpinen-4-ol is a monoterpene originally found in many plants and is one of the primary active ingredients in tea tree oil. Terpinen-4-ol exhibits anticancer chemotherapeutic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. In leukemia cells, terpinen-4-ol induces release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase 8, resulting in autophagy, apoptosis, and cell death. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, terpinen-4-ol induces cleavage of poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP), activates caspases 3 and 9, decreases mitochondrial membrane potential, increases the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and increases levels of p53, resulting in apoptosis and cell death. Additionally, this compound decreases myeloperoxidase activity and expression of MIP-2 and other cytokines in animal models of oral candidiasis. Terpinen-4-ol displays antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria such as Campylobacter as well as fungi such as Aspergillus and Fusarium. 408 209 - - 0.00% C10H18O 4-methyl-1-propan-2-ylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol
Terpinene Terpenoid Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial
Anti-inflammatory Terpinene is used as a fragrant additive in both the cosmetic and food industries. It is also considered to be a well-tolerated additive in the pharmaceutical industry. It has very strong antioxidant properties. 360 182 14 -10 - C10H16 1-Isopropyl-4-methyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene
Terpinolene Terpenoid Anticancer
Antifungal Terpinolene has been shown to exhibit antioxidant and anticancer effects in rat brain cells. Studies with mice show that terpinolene has a sedative effect when inhaled. In addition, terpinolene is responsible for many of the floral notes found in Jack Herer varieties. 361 - 365 183 - 185 < 77 < 25 - C10H16 1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylidenecyclohexene
trans-α-Farnesene Terpenoid - (3E, 6E)-α-Farnesene is a constituent of the natural coating of apples and other fruits, and it is responsible for the characteristic green apple odor. α-Farnesene is also the chief compound contributing to the scent of gardenia, making up ~65% of the headspace constituents. 536 ± 68 280 ± 20 < 77 < 25 - C15H24 (3E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-1,3,6,10-tetraene
trans-γ-Bisabolene Terpenoid - Bisabolenes are a group of closely related natural chemical compounds which are classified as sesquiterpenes. Bisabolenes are present in the essential oils of a wide variety of plants including cubeb, lemon and oregano. Various derivates also function as pheromones in different insects, such as stink bugs and fruit flies. 538 ± 68 281 ± 20 - - - C15H24 (4E)-1-methyl-4-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-ylidene)cyclohexene
Trans-nerolidol Terpenoid Inhibits growth of leishmaniasis
Antimicrobial Trans-nerolidol is a secondary terpene found in many strong aromatics like jasmine, tea tree, and lemongrass. As such, it delivers a subdued and nuanced floral aroma with notes of fruity citrus, apples, and rose. This terpene is believed to produce sedating effects 505 - 511 263 - 266 -103 -75 - C15H26 (6E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatrien-3-ol
Valencene Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Insectifugal Valencene is present in Valencia oranges and contributes to cannabis citrus aroma. 435 - 520 224 - 271 Feb-85 -16.4 - 29.5 - C15H24 (3R,4aS,5R)-4a,5-dimethyl-3-prop-1-en-2-yl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene
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Essential Guide to Cannabis Terpenoids | Get High
What Am I Smoking? – Guide to Cannabis Terpenoids. Terpenoids are a large class of organic compounds including terpenes (commonly known in cannabis circles as “terps”), diterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. They have unsaturated molecules composed of linked isoprene units, generally having the formula (C5H8). The following chart shows the known majority of terpenoids within most cannabis strains.
Concentration (% of dry weight)
Agarospirol Terpenoid - Agarospirol is a sesquiterpene alcohol isolated from the essential oil of infected agarwood (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.). The corresponding carbon skeleton (VI) has been named agarospirane. Agarospirol is the second spiro-terpenoid to be isolated from Nature. 594 ± 52 312 ± 11 133 - 136 56 - 58 - C15H26O 2-[(3R,5R,6R)-6,10-dimethylspiro[4.5]dec-9-en-3-yl]propan-2-ol
α-Cadinene Terpenoid Anti-infective Cadinene is the trivial chemical name of a number of isomeric hydrocarbons that occur in a wide variety of essential oil-producing plants. The name is derived from that of the Cade juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus L.), the wood of which yields an oil from which cadinene isomers were first isolated. 522 ± 86 272 ± 30 - - - C15H24 (1S,4aR,8aR)-4,7-dimethyl-1-propan-2-yl-1,2,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydronaphthalene
α-cis-Bergamotene Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory The plant Kingdom which includes conifers, flowering plants and gymnosperms go through certain metabolic reactions. The resultant eukaryotic metabolite produced is bergamotene. Among these bergamotene compounds is α-cis-Bergamotene. 500 ± 45 260 ± 7 - - - C15H24 (1R,5R)-4,6-dimethyl-6-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-ene
α-Eudesmol Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Antimigraine A sesquiterpene alcohol typically from the essential oil of cajeput and wooden Siam , Atractylodes lancea (Chinese herb) 574 ± 52 301 ± 11 - - - C15H26O 2-[(2R,4aR,8aR)-4a,8-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-2-yl]propan-2-ol
α-Guaiene Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory α-Guaiene has medium strength, sweet, earthy, woody, balsamic, peppery aroma. It is used as a flavor and fragrance agent in bakery items, cereals, and cereal products, including flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, and edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet. 538 ± 50 281 ± 10 - - - C15H24 (1S,4S,7R)-1,4-dimethyl-7-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroazulene
α-Humulene Terpenoid Antibacterial
Pharmacokinetic α-Humulene contributes to the 'hoppy' aroma of cannabis. Humulene naturally occurs in clove, basil, hops, and cannabis sativa. It carries a subtle earthy, woody aroma with spicy herbal notes you might recognize in some of your favorite strains. Though cannabis is commonly associated with appetite simulation, humulene is actually known to suppress hunger. 223 - 225 106 - 107 < 77 < 25 - C15H24 (1E,4E,8E)-2,6,6,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-1,4,8-triene
α-Longipinene Terpenoid - α-Longipinene has a pine aromatic odor. The Norway spruce produces high levels of α-longipinene secondary to longifolene as it's main product. 486 ± 45 252 ± 7 - - - C15H24 2,6,6,9-Tetramethyltricyclo[5.4.0.02,8]undec-9-ene
α-Pinene Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
AChE inhibitor α-Pinene accounts for cannabis familiar odor, often associated with pine trees and turpentine. α-Pinene is the most common naturally occurring terpenoid and acts as both an anti-inflammatory and a bronchodilator. 313.2 156 -67 -62.5 0.04% 14.0±1.5% C10H16 4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-ene
α-Selinene Terpenoid Analgesic
Antifungal α-Selinene has the distinct odor of amber. It is one of the principal components of the oil from celery seeds. It has shown analgesic, antioxidant, and antifungal activity with antimicrobial potential 518 270 - - - C15H24 (3R,4aR,8aR)-5,8a-dimethyl-3-prop-1-en-2-yl-2,3,4,4a,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene
α-Terpineol Terpenoid Sedative
Antimalarial Terpineol is known for its pleasant smell and is often used in soaps and perfumes. It is known to have relaxing effects. 417 - 435 214-224 32 - 36 0 - 2 0.02% C10H18O 2-(4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl)propan-2-ol
α-Thujene Terpenoid Antioxidant
Anti-malarial (Antiviral)
Herbicidal Thujene (or α-thujene) is a natural organic compound classified as a monoterpene. It is found in the essential oils of a variety of plants, and contributes pungency to the flavor of some herbs such as Summer savory. The term thujene usually refers to α-thujene. 302 - 306 150 - 152 - - - C10H16 4-methyl-1-propan-2-ylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-ene
α-trans-Bergamotene Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory The plant Kingdom which includes conifers, flowering plants and gymnosperms go through certain metabolic reactions. The resultant eukaryotic metabolite produced is bergamotene. Among these bergamotene compounds is α-trans-Bergamotene. 500 ± 45 260 ± 7 - - - C15H24 (1S,5S,6R)-4,6-dimethyl-6-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-ene
α-Ylangene Terpenoid Antibacterial
Antioxidant α-Ylangene has a spicy, fruity aroma. It is a natural substance often found in wine and is emitted by some plants. 478 248 - - - C15H24 (1S,2R,6R,7R,8S)-8-Isopropyl-1,3-dimethyltricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]dec-3-ene
Amyrin Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic The amyrins are three closely related natural chemical compounds of the triterpene class. They are designated α-amyrin, β-amyrin and δ-amyrin. Each is a pentacyclic triterpenol with the chemical formula C??H??O. 916 ± 111 491 ± 44 387 197 - C30H50O (3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,12aR,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-ol
β-Caryophyllene Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Antimalaria β-Caryophyllene is the only terpene known to interact with the bodys endocannabinoid system (CB2). Caryophyllene (or β-Caryophyllene) is a spicy, peppery terpene found in many different edible plants. Spices like black pepper, cloves, and cinnamon, as well as herbs like oregano, basil, hops, and rosemary, are known to exhibit high concentrations of caryophyllene. Due to its affinity to the peripheral CB2 receptors, caryophyllene often appears in anti-inflammatory topicals and salves. 264 - 266 128 - 130 - - 0.05% C15H24 (1R,4E,9S)-4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylidenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene
β-Elemene Terpenoid Anticancer Elemenes are a group of closely related natural chemical compounds found in a variety of plants. The elemenes, which include α-, β-, γ-, and δ-elemene, are structural isomers of each other and are classified as sesquiterpenes. The elemenes contribute to the floral aromas of some plants, and are used as pheromones by some insects. β-Elemene has attracted scientific interest because of its prevalence in a variety of medicinal plants. Experiments performed in vitro show that β-elemene has anti-proliferative effects toward some cancer cell types, indicating the possibility of its use in chemotherapy. 486 ± 95 252 ± 35 - - - C15H24 (1S,2S,4R)-1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2,4-bis(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexane
β-Eudesmol Terpenoid Controls appetite and digestion
Antifungal β-Eudesmol is an oxygenated sesquiterpene contained in medicinal or edible plants which activates Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1). β-Eudesmol has been found in medicinal plants and physiological effects on mammals have been reported. 574 ± 52 301 ± 11 - - - C15H26O 2-[(2R,4aR,8aS)-4a-methyl-8-methylidene-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-yl]propan-2-ol
β-Myrcene Terpenoid Analgesic
Antimutagenic Myrcene is the most prevalent terpene and is found in most varieties of cannabis. Myrcene concentration dictates whether a strain will have an Indica or Sativa effect. Strains containing over 0.5% of myrcene produce a more sedative high, while strains containing less than 0.5% myrcene have an energizing effect. Myrcene is also present in thyme, hops, lemongrass, and citrus, and is used in aromatherapy. 332.6 167 < 14 < -10 0.47% 46.1±2.6% C10H16 7-methyl-3-methylideneocta-1,6-diene
β-Pinene Terpenoid Anti-depressant
Antimicrobial β-pinene found in plants is an organic monoterpene compound, and is one of the most abundant compounds released by forest trees. If oxidized in air, the allylic products of the pinocarveol and myrtenol family prevail. 325 - 331 163 - 166 -78 -61 - C10H16 6,6-dimethyl-4-methylidenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane
β-Selinene Terpenoid Anticancer
Antiseptic Constituent of celery oil. Also from Cyperus rotundus (nutgrass) and Humulus lupulus (hops). β-Selinene is found in many foods, some of which are safflower, star anise, chinese cinnamon, and allspice. 505 ± 50 263 ± 10 - - - C15H24 (3R,4aS,8aR)-8a-methyl-5-methylidene-3-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,4a,6,7,8-octahydronaphthalene
Bisabolol Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Analgesic Bisabolol is the primary constituent of German chamomile essential oil and has recently been shown to induce apoptosis in models of leukemia. While it has long been widely used in the cosmetics industry, bisabolol has more recently become the subject of research for the medical benefits it displays in cannabis. 523 - 597 273 - 314 85 - 171 29.5 - 77.4 - C15H26 6-Methyl-2-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-5-hepten-2-ol
Borneol Terpenoid Antibiotic
Anti-inflammatory This terpene smells earthy, like camphor or even menthol. Its a strong analgesic pain killer that relaxes and reduces stress, alleviates insomnia, and helps with breathing by relieving pressure in the lungs and increasing air flow. For centuries, borneol has been used in traditional Chinese medicine, most commonly as an ingredient in topical preparations. 413 212 395 202 0.01% C10H18O (1S,3R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-ol
Bulnesol Terpenoid - Bulnesol, also known as guai-1(10)-en-11-ol, is a member of the class of compounds known as sesquiterpenoids. Sesquiterpenoids are terpenes with three consecutive isoprene units. Bulnesol is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Bulnesol is a spice tasting compound found in herbs and spices, which makes bulnesol a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product. Bulnesol is found in herbs and spices. Bulnesol is a constituent of guaiac wood oil (Bulnesia sarmienti). Also from Ferula species.. 597 ± 52 314 ± 11 156 - 158 69 - 70 - C15H26O 2-(3,8-dimethyl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,6,7-octahydroazulen-5-yl)propan-2-ol
Camphene Terpenoid Antioxidant
Decreases cardiovascular disease Camphene is found in essential oils extracted from certain trees. It has recently shown promise for pain relief and antioxidant effects. 318 - 320 159 - 160 118 - 126 48 - 52 - C10H16 2,2-Dimethyl-3-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
Camphor Terpenoid Anti-infective
Antiseptic Principally derived from the camphor tree, camphor is readily absorbed through the skin. When applied topically, it produces a cooling sensation similar to that of menthol. Camphor also acts as a slight local anesthetic and an antimicrobial substance. 399 204 345 - 354 174 - 179 - C10H16O 4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
Caryophyllene oxide Terpenoid Insecticidal
Antifungal Caryophyllene oxide has a lemon balm odor. It has shown some effectiveness as an insecticidal/antifeedant and as broad spectrum antifungal in plant defense. Caryophyllene oxide has the distinction of being the component responsible for cannabis identification by drug-sniffing dogs 536 ± 66 280 ± 19 138 - 142 59 - 61 - C15H24O (1R,4R,6R,10S)-4,12,12-Trimethyl-9-methylene-5-oxatricyclo[8.2.0.04,6]dodecane
Cedrene Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Antiseptic Being a sesquiterpene, Cedrene is a highly fragranced constituent that is extracted from the essential oils of Cedar. Cedrene possess antimicrobial, antifungal and anticancer properties.
491 - 516 255 - 269 - - - C15H24 Cedr-8-ene
cis-β-Farnesene Terpenoid Pheromone
Insect Repellant β-Farnesene is a constituent of various essential oils. It is also released by aphids as an alarm pheremone upon death to warn away other aphids. Several plants, including potato species, have been shown to synthesize this pheromone as a natural insect repellent. 523 ± 68 273 ± 20 < 77 < 25 - C15H24 (6Z)-7,11-dimethyl-3-methylidenedodeca-1,6,10-triene
cis-γ-Bisabolene Terpenoid - Bisabolenes are a group of closely related natural chemical compounds which are classified as sesquiterpenes. Bisabolenes are present in the essential oils of a wide variety of plants including cubeb, lemon and oregano. Various derivates also function as pheromones in different insects, such as stink bugs and fruit flies. 536 ± 68 280 ± 20 - - - C15H24 (4Z)-1-methyl-4-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-ylidene)cyclohexene
cis-Sabinene-hydrate Terpenoid - cis-Sabinene-hydrate has a medium strength balsamic odor 311 ± 45 155 ± 7 - - - C10H18 (1S,4R)-4-methyl-1-propan-2-ylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexane
Cycloartenol Terpenoid Aids in digestion Cycloartenol is found in alcoholic beverages. Cycloartenol is a constituent of Artocarpus integrifolia fruits and Solanum tuberosum (potato) Cycloartenol is a sterol precursor in photosynthetic organisms and plants. The biosynthesis of cycloartenol starts from the triterpenoid squalene. Its structure is also related to triterpenoid lanosterol 941 ± 66 505 ± 19 - - - C30H50O (3?,9?)-9,19-Cyclolanost-24-en-3-ol
Dammaradienol Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory Dammaradienol, also known as dammara-20,24-dien-3 β-ol, is a member of the class of compounds known as triterpenoids. Dammaradienol can be found in herbs and spices, shea tree, soy bean, and tea, which makes dammaradienol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Dammaradienol is found in herbs and spices. Dammaradienol is a constituent of Inula helenium (elecampane). 921 ± 57 495 ± 14 - - - C30H50O (3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17S)-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-(6-methylhepta-1,5-dien-2-yl)-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
∆-3-carene Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Bone Growth and Repair Carene has a sweet, pungent odor and is
 a main constituent of pine and cedar resin. It is used to dry out excess body fluids, such as tears, mucus, and sweat. 334 - 336 168-169 < 77 < 25 0.00% C10H16 3,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene
∆-Limonene Terpenoid Cannabinoid agonist
Antimutagenic Limonene is a dominant terpene in strains with a pronounced Sativa effect. It is also found in the rinds of citrus fruits. Limonene aids in the absorption of other terpenes through the skin and mucous membranes, and has been used to treat anxiety and depression. 347 - 351 175-177 -142 -97 0.14% C10H16 1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene
epi-α-Bisabolol Terpenoid Anti-aging
Anticancer α-Bisabolol has a weak, tangy, fresh and clean, citrus, floral, sweet aroma with peppery note, and is used in various fragrances. It is the primary component (up to 50%) of the essential oil from German chamomile. 599 ± 52 315 ± 11 - - - C15H26O (2S)-6-methyl-2-[(1R)-4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]hept-5-en-2-ol
Epifriedelanol Terpenoid Anti-cancer (tumor killing)
Antiaging Epifriedelanol had inhibitory effects on adriamycin-induced cellular senescence in human fibroblasts (HDFs). Epifriedelanol suppressed adriamycin-induced cellular senescence as well as replicative senescence in human fibroblasts (HDFs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). These results suggest that epifriedelanol reduces cellular senescence in human primary cells and might be used to develop dietary supplements or cosmetics that modulate tissue aging or aging-associated diseases. Epifriedelanol demonstrated antitumor activity in a potato disc bioassay. 893 ± 55 478 ± 13 - - - C30H52O (3S,4R,4aS,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,14aS,14bS)-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-hexadecahydropicen-3-ol
Eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) Terpenoid AChE inhibitor
Antinociceptive Derived from eucalyptus oil, eucalyptol has a minty, earthy aroma. It has been shown to possess potent antifungal effects. 349 - 351 176 - 177 35 1.5 > 0.001% C10H18O 2,2,4-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Fenchol Terpenoid Antibacterial
Anti-inflammatory Fenchol is found in basil and is used extensively in perfumery. It is known to exhibit antibacterial properties. 394 - 396 201 - 202 95 - 104 35 - 40 - C10H18O 2,2,4-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-ol
Fenchone Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Antitumor Fenchone has a camphorous, thuja, cedar leaf, herbal, earthy, woody aroma. As an additive, its flavor has been describes as cooling, camphoreous, sweet and minty with a musty, earthy nuance 378 - 381 192 - 194 41 - 43 5 - 6 - C10H16O 2,2,4-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
Friedelin Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Liver protective Friedelin is a triterpene natural product isolated from the Quercus suber L. cork tree bark. Friedelin is the most abundant triterpene in extracts isolated from this tree. Friedelin has been described along with similar triterpenes in studying inhibitors of photosynthesis for use as herbicides, and has been described to have antifungal and antimicrobial properties. 891 ± 55 477 ± 13 504 - 509 262 - 265 - C30H50O (4R,4aS,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,14aS,14bS)-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-2,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-one
γ-Curcumene Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Anti-aging Curcumenes have recently been very prominent in the field of natural nutrition, as the extract of the spice Turmeric, called 'curcumin' has become popular as an anti-inflammatory supplement. The supplement is considered helpful not only for joint inflammation and pain, but as an all-around anti-aging supplement as well. γ-curcumene is known for its tissue healing effect, known to reduce inflammation, and is especially good for healing for scars (new and old). 531 ± 50 277 ± 10 - - - C15H24 1-methyl-4-[(2R)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]cyclohexa-1,3-diene
γ-Eudesmol Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Anti-cancer γ-Eudesmol has a waxy, sweet, woody, floral odor. γ-Eudesmol presents cytotoxic effect to cancer cells. All Eudesmol isomers displayed cytotoxicity to different tumor cell lines 574 ± 52 301 ± 11 - - - C15H26O 2-[(2R,4aR)-4a,8-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-2-yl]propan-2-ol
γ-Muurolene Terpenoid - γ-Muurolene has a medium strength, oily, woody type, herbal spice aroma. It is used in the chemical communication system of the Lucerne seed wasp and the European grapevine moth. 522 ± 68 272 ± 20 - - - C15H24 (1S,4aS,8aR)-7-methyl-4-methylidene-1-propan-2-yl-2,3,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene
Geraniol Terpenoid Antioxidant
Anti-spasmodic As its name suggests, geraniol (also known as lemonol) is most famous for its presence in geraniums, where it helps shape the blossoms distinctive, delicate scent. It is also found in a wide range of plants including tobacco and lemons, and interestingly, is produced by honey bees as a means of marking their hives and flowers. Geraniol is a monoterpene alcohol that boils at about 447?F and frequently occurs in strains that also produce linalool.
Its floral, occasionally fruity aromas and flavors remind many of citronella candles or rose gardens, and occasionally of passionfruit or stonefruits such as peaches and plums. It is used frequently as a fruity flavoring agent, and shows up in an array of bath and body products. Geraniol, like valencene, is known to repel mosquitos. 446 230 5 -15 - C10H18O (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol
Geranyl Acetate Terpenoid Antimicrobial Geranyl Acetate is found in a variety of natural oils, derived from citronella, lemongrass, sassafras, roses, and many others. It has a strong floral aroma with a fruity twist, and exhibits strong antimicrobial effects. 278 - 282 137-139 - - - C12H20O2 [(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl] acetate
Guaiol Terpenoid Antimicrobial
Anti-inflammatory Guaiol is not an oil but a sesquiterpenoid alcohol, and is also found in cypress pine and guaiacum. It has been used for centuries as a treatment for diverse ailments ranging from coughs to constipation to arthritis. It is also an effective insect repellent and insecticide. 550 288 104 - 122 40 - 50 - C15H26 2-[(3S,5R,8S)-3,8-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroazulen-5-yl]propan-2-ol
Ipsdienol Terpenoid - Ipsdienol has a balsamic, piney aroma. It is a major component of the floral fragrance of several orchids. Ipsdienol is also one of the major aggregation pheromones of the bark beetle is which it is believed to be a mating attractant. 453 ± 48 234 ± 9 - - - C10H16O 2-methyl-6-methylideneocta-2,7-dien-4-ol
Isoborneol Terpenoid Antioxidant
Antimicrobial Isoborneol is found in mugwort that exhibits antiviral properties. It is a potent inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type 1. 413 212 413 - 417 212 - 214 - C10H18O (3R,4R)-4,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-ol
Isopulegol Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Gastro-protective Isopulegol is a chemical precursor to menthol, and has a variety of promising routes for therapeutic research. Studies have shown that isopulegol possess gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, and reduces the severity of seizures in animal models. 352 - 420 178 - 216 172 78 - C10H18 (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropenyl-5-methylcyclohexanol
Linalool Terpenoid Sedative
Immune potentiator Linalool has a floral scent reminiscent of spring flowers, but with spicy overtones. It possesses sedative properties and is an effective anxiety and stress reliever. It has also been used an analgesic and anti-epileptic. 388 - 392 198 - 200 < 77 < 25 0.00% C10H18O 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol
Menthol Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Counter-irritant Menthol exhibits analgesic properties and is used topically to treat inflammatory pain. 413 - 421 212-216 107 - 113 42 - 45 - C10H20O 5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexan-1-ol
Ocimene Terpenoid Antifungal
Antiviral Ocimene is a monoterpene with a fruity, floral, some say wet cloth smell. Ocimene has exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in white blood cell through a variety of pathways. Antifungal effects are also seen with the human specific Candida species. And very interestingly ocimene showed specificity and effectiveness against SARS virus. 149 - 151 65 - 66 122 50 - 6.6±0.7% C10H16 3,7-Dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene
p-Cymene Terpenoid Antibiotic
AChE inhibitor Commonly found in the essential oils of cumin and thyme, cymene has documented anti-inflammatory effects. Research also shows potential protective effects against acute lung injury. 350 177 -90 -68 0.00% C10H14 1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylbenzene
Phellandrene Terpenoid Antibacterial
Antifungal Phellandrene can be found in a number of herbs and spices, including cinnamon, garlic, dill, ginger and parsley. A number of plants produce β-phellandrene as a constituent of their essential oils, including lavender and grand fir. The recognizable odors of some essential oils depend almost entirely upon the presence of phellandrene. Oil of pepper and dill oil are composed almost entirely of phellandrene. The principal constituent in oil of ginger is phellandrene. Phellandrene, particularly α-phellandrene, is absorbed through the skin, making it attractive for use in perfumes. It is also used as a flavoring for food products. 347 175 - - - C10H16 2-methyl-5-propan-2-ylcyclohexa-1,3-diene
Phytol Terpenoid Pain reliever
Anti-anxiety Found in green tea, phytol is a diterpene that results from the degradation of chlorophyll. Phytol inhibits the enzyme that degrades the neurotransmitter GABA, which may partially account for its relaxing effect. 635 335 < 77 < 25 - C20H40 (2E,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol
Pulegone Terpenoid Memory booster
Antipyretic Pulegone has a pleasant peppermint aroma and is a strong insecticide. 435 224 < 77 < 25 0.00% C10H16O 5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylidenecyclohexan-1-one
Sabinene Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Antibacterial Sabinene which can also be spelled as Sabinen or Sabenene is a chemical compound available in a large variety of plants including black pepper, nutmeg, Norway spruce and Holm oak, among others. It can also be naturally harvested from tea tree oil, although in small concentrations. It is a very critical component in the formulation of carrot seed oil. It naturally has anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. This makes it beneficial in many health related ways. 327 164 - - - C10H16 1-Isopropyl-4-methylenebicyclo[3.1.0]hexane
Terpinen-4-ol Terpenoid AChE inhibitor
Antibiotic Terpinen-4-ol is a monoterpene originally found in many plants and is one of the primary active ingredients in tea tree oil. Terpinen-4-ol exhibits anticancer chemotherapeutic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. In leukemia cells, terpinen-4-ol induces release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase 8, resulting in autophagy, apoptosis, and cell death. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, terpinen-4-ol induces cleavage of poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP), activates caspases 3 and 9, decreases mitochondrial membrane potential, increases the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and increases levels of p53, resulting in apoptosis and cell death. Additionally, this compound decreases myeloperoxidase activity and expression of MIP-2 and other cytokines in animal models of oral candidiasis. Terpinen-4-ol displays antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria such as Campylobacter as well as fungi such as Aspergillus and Fusarium. 408 209 - - 0.00% C10H18O 4-methyl-1-propan-2-ylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol
Terpinene Terpenoid Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial
Anti-inflammatory Terpinene is used as a fragrant additive in both the cosmetic and food industries. It is also considered to be a well-tolerated additive in the pharmaceutical industry. It has very strong antioxidant properties. 360 182 14 -10 - C10H16 1-Isopropyl-4-methyl-1,4-cyclohexadiene
Terpinolene Terpenoid Anticancer
Antifungal Terpinolene has been shown to exhibit antioxidant and anticancer effects in rat brain cells. Studies with mice show that terpinolene has a sedative effect when inhaled. In addition, terpinolene is responsible for many of the floral notes found in Jack Herer varieties. 361 - 365 183 - 185 < 77 < 25 - C10H16 1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylidenecyclohexene
trans-α-Farnesene Terpenoid - (3E, 6E)-α-Farnesene is a constituent of the natural coating of apples and other fruits, and it is responsible for the characteristic green apple odor. α-Farnesene is also the chief compound contributing to the scent of gardenia, making up ~65% of the headspace constituents. 536 ± 68 280 ± 20 < 77 < 25 - C15H24 (3E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-1,3,6,10-tetraene
trans-γ-Bisabolene Terpenoid - Bisabolenes are a group of closely related natural chemical compounds which are classified as sesquiterpenes. Bisabolenes are present in the essential oils of a wide variety of plants including cubeb, lemon and oregano. Various derivates also function as pheromones in different insects, such as stink bugs and fruit flies. 538 ± 68 281 ± 20 - - - C15H24 (4E)-1-methyl-4-(6-methylhept-5-en-2-ylidene)cyclohexene
Trans-nerolidol Terpenoid Inhibits growth of leishmaniasis
Antimicrobial Trans-nerolidol is a secondary terpene found in many strong aromatics like jasmine, tea tree, and lemongrass. As such, it delivers a subdued and nuanced floral aroma with notes of fruity citrus, apples, and rose. This terpene is believed to produce sedating effects 505 - 511 263 - 266 -103 -75 - C15H26 (6E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatrien-3-ol
Valencene Terpenoid Anti-inflammatory
Insectifugal Valencene is present in Valencia oranges and contributes to cannabis citrus aroma. 435 - 520 224 - 271 Feb-85 -16.4 - 29.5 - C15H24 (3R,4aS,5R)-4a,5-dimethyl-3-prop-1-en-2-yl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene
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